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Journal articles on the topic 'Disposal incomes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 November 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Usmanova, Muxlisa Sagdullayevna. "ANALYSIS OF POPULATION INCOME COMPOSITION AND THEIR TAXATION IN UZBEKISTAN." International journal of trends in business administration 13, no. 1 (2023): 2–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7653249.

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The rapid growth of Uzbekistan population's real incomes and the increase in the amount of income at their disposal is a very important and urgent task facing the government. As a result of the fundamental reforms carried out in recent years, the gross domestic product of our country is growing, and, in turn, the real incomes of the population are increasing. The role of the income taxation mechanism in this matter is very significant. This article provides a detailed analysis of the structure of the population's income and their taxation in our country.

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2

van der Werf, Paul, Kristian Larsen, Jamie A. Seabrook, and Jason Gilliland. "How Neighbourhood Food Environments and a Pay-as-You-Throw (PAYT) Waste Program Impact Household Food Waste Disposal in the City of Toronto." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 7016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177016.

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Household food waste has negative, and largely unnecessary, environmental, social and economic impacts. A better understanding of current household food waste disposal is needed to help develop and implement effective interventions to reduce food wasting. A four-season waste characterization study was undertaken with 200 single-family households across eight neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The City of Toronto provides residents with a pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste program that includes a choice of four garbage cart sizes (Small [S], Medium [M], Large [L], Extra Large [XL]), with in

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3

Fazilov, Farkhod. "THE GENESIS OF MONEY LAUNDERING." Jurisprudence 1, no. 1 (2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.1.1./qpks7411.

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This article analyzes the general concept of legalization of incomes received from criminal activities. The author drew attention to the fact that the legalization of income derived from criminal activity represents a serious threat to national interests since it is a necessary condition for the creation and functioning of organized crime in various spheres of social life. Legalization of revenue received from criminal activities is a criminal and socially dangerous act constituting transfer, conversion, or exchange of property, which has been obtained as a result of criminal activities, as we

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4

Ashenmiller, B. "Cash Recycling, Waste Disposal Costs, and the Incomes of the Working Poor: Evidence from California." Land Economics 85, no. 3 (2009): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/le.85.3.539.

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5

Ghazali, Ihwan, and Novita Sakundarini. "E-Waste Recycling and Why It Is Important." Bincang Sains dan Teknologi 3, no. 01 (2024): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56741/bst.v3i01.502.

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The exponential growth of electronic waste (e-waste) has become a pressing concern. This alarming trend is expected to persist. The study identifies falling prices as a primary driver behind the surge in e-waste, making electronic devices more affordable and accessible globally. Developing countries, particularly in Asia, bear a significant share of this burden, as a burgeoning middle class with disposable incomes contributes to increased purchases and frequent replacements of electronic goods. Asia alone accounts for more than 40 percent of the global e-waste generated. The critical need for

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6

Freu, Christel. "Labour status and economic stratification in the Roman world: the hierarchy of wages in Egypt." Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759415002445.

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The hierarchy of workers’ incomes and wages in the Roman world has long drawn the attention of scholars. The series of workers’ wages we have at our disposal comes mostly from Roman and Byzantine Egypt: account books, labour contracts, and orders or receipts of payment on papyri and ostraca. Since the 1930s, lists of wages and prices have been compiled, firstly, to study the purchasing power of the working population and, secondly, to classify the trades according to the workers’ qualifications and to the location of employment.

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SAW,, AMAN. "Youth’s Perspectives and Behavior on E- Waste Disposal and Recycling." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem44858.

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This research paper addresses the critical issue of electronic waste (e-waste) management in India, with a specific focus on the perceptions and behaviors of the youth towards its disposal and recycling. Globally, the escalating consumption of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) has resulted in a significant increase in e-waste, posing substantial environmental and economic challenges. In 2023, worldwide e-waste generation reached 63 million metric tonnes (MMT), a figure projected to rise to 100-105 MMT by 2034, indicating a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5%. This growing waste st

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Ntaganira, E., NK Taremwa, E. Majiwa, F. Niyitanga, and P. Uwimana. "Impact of contract farming on the income of smallholder dairy farmers from Nyagatare district in the Eastern Province of Rwanda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 23, no. 5 (2023): 23465–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.120.22745.

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The demand for dairy milk and its products is projected to increase significantly in the developing countries by the year 2030. Globally, close to 6 billion people consume milk and other dairy products due to rising earnings, population expansion, urbanization, and dietary changes. The projected increase in demand for dairy milk and its products thus requires enhanced productivity by the dairy farmers. However, dairy farming is relatively capital intensive which requires dairy farmers to have disposal income to run the venture. Contract farming is gradually being embraced in Rwanda as a viable

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9

Abughazyain, Khawla, Sergany Moetaz El, and Mohammad Aljaradin. "Clothing Waste Management: Supporting Extended Producer Responsibility in UAE." Sustainable Resources Management Journal 9, no. 1 (2024): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12607687.

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This research explores the feasibility of implementing extended producer responsibility (EPR) to address the growing challenge of clothing waste management in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). With an increasing population and rising disposable incomes running the fashion industry, the UAE presents a viable market for recycled textile products. This research examines global practices of EPR in the textile sector, highlighting government-driven initiatives aimed at reshaping waste management in fast fashion.The study employs online questionnaire to 65 consumers across various Emirates in the UAE

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Fitria, Nada, Jakiatin Nisa, and Syairul Bahar. "Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Cipeucang Bagi Pemulung Sekitar." Sosio-Didaktika: Social Science Education Journal 11, no. 1 (2024): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v11i1.38611.

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Cipeucang landfill has become a place where waste collects which has a direct impact on local scavengers. The proximity of the scavenger community's residential location in Serpong Subdistrict to the landfill site means that the scavenger community is vulnerable to coming into contact with waste. This research aims to determine the socio-economic impact of the Cipeucang waste final disposal site (TPA) on local scavengers. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach. with this type of phenomenological research. The object of this research is society. scavengers who ar

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Zhu, Kongming. "Consumer Characteristics and Behavior in the Era of Covid Epidemic." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 5, no. 1 (2023): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/5/20220086.

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A pandemic brings change to health and quality of life, it may also adversely impact financial and food security. These changes also alter how humans react to the situation, sometimes in a very contrasting way from their normal behaviors. Consumer behavior is not general human behavior, it is rather a very specific behavior directed toward the search, purchase, sale, or disposal of goods or services. In times of crisis, consumer behavior can go through a three-step cycle of reacting, coping, and long-term adaptation. The pandemic can also impact food consumption in the face of shrinking income

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MELNYK, O.M., and V.S. VYZDRYK. "Methodological approaches to assessing the financial potential of the enterprise." Market Relations Development in Ukraine №4(227)2020 113 (June 9, 2020): 93–97. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3886991.

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The subject of the study are methodological approaches to assessing the financial potential of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to identify methodological approaches to assessing the financial potential of the enterprise. Research methods. The dialectical method of scientific cognition, the method of analysis and synthesis, the comparative method, the method of data generalization are used in the work. Results of work. The paper presents a grouping of financial indicators for assessing the financial potential of the enterprise. The financial activity within the theory and practice o

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13

Cannie, Shailla. "A Systemic Review of an Untold Story: The Financial Abuse." Global Academic Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 2 (2022): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/gajms.2022.v04i02.005.

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Introduction: When most people think of domestic violence, the first thing that comes to mind is most likely verbal abuse as well as physical assault or assaulting a spouse or partner. Nevertheless, according to research, financial abuse occurs just as frequently in toxic relationships as other forms of violence. Unfortunately, the frequency of poverty among women is higher than the general population (United Nations Population Fund [UNFPA], 2005). Women constitute 70% of the world's 1.5 billion impoverished, according to the World Bank (Chen, 2005). As a result, economic violence is a form of

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Ratnasari, Emma Dwi, Indah Susilowati, and Nugroho Sumarjiyanto Benedictus Maria. "Analysis of the Vulnerability of Farmers' Livelihoods as a Impact of Shifting Slow Variables and Fast Variables: Livelihood Vulnerability Index and Photovoice Approaches." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 17, no. 8 (2023): e03648. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v17n8-007.

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Purpose: This study aims to study the vulnerability of farmers' livelihoods as a result of shifts in slow and fast variables. Method: In this study, the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) approach and the Photovoice method were used to comprehensively describe and analyze the vulnerability of farmers' livelihoods. The Livelihood Vulnerability Index LVI method will provide a deeper understanding of the level of vulnerability of farmers to these changes. In addition, the Photovoice method is used to obtain a visual perspective from the farmers themselves. Results and conclusion: The results of

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15

Sarinova, Alfiya Zhumabayevna. "Comparative analysis of the implementation of forms of property in Russia and Kazakhstan." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 59 (2022): 342–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/59/22.

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The article analyzes the origins and causes of social inequality, and labor incomes of the population. In the conditions of economic development, a set of measures is required to overcome social proportions. The article compares statistical indicators of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of fixed assets, the average annual number of people employed in the economy by form of ownership, as well as the distribution of enterprises and organizations by form of ownership. The study focuses on the above-mentioned statistical indicators of foreign ownership in both countri

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16

Plakhtii, Tetiana, Lidiia Fedoryshyna, and Olena Tomchuk. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENT OF PREFERENTIAL TAXATION OF INDIVIDUAL INCOME." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-171-175.

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The purpose of the article is to study the socio-economic component of the preferential taxation of individuals. It is shown that the Tax Social Benefit is the ability of the taxpayer to reduce the calculated total monthly taxable income in the form of wages. Methodology. The object of taxation is determined according to the status of the payer. So, for a resident – is: the total monthly (annual) taxable income; income from the source of their origin, which are finally taxed when they are charged (payment, provision), and foreign incomes – income (profit) received from sources outside. The obj

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17

Dregulo, Andrei M., and Alexander M. Khodachek. "Waste Management Reform In Regions Of The Russian Federation: Implementation Issues On The Way To Sustainable Development." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 15, no. 1 (2022): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2021-078.

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Disposal of production and consumption waste is a worldwide problem. Despite the experience of foreign countries, waste disposal practice in the Russian Federation remains at the level of the 1970s. The method of waste burial at landfill sites prevails, leading to a loss of secondary resources and the appearance of sites of accumulated environmental damage, which is connected with the lack of a clear legal framework for waste management activities. Analysis of waste accumulation standards for apartment buildings in 20 regions of the Russian Federation showed that the difference in accumulation

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18

Raston, Sitio. "Bantar Gebang Integrated Waste Disposal Study with Income, Public Health." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (2020): 1340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr200233.

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19

Cribb, Jonathan. "Labour market and income inequalities in the United Kingdom, 1968–2021." Fiscal Studies 45, no. 2 (2024): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-5890.12373.

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AbstractThis paper examines trends in working‐age labour market and disposable income inequalities in the United Kingdom from 1968 to 2021 using microdata harmonised with 16 other high‐income countries. In the UK, the 1980s was a period of rising labour market inequalities and inequality in disposable incomes. Since the 1980s, changes have been more modest. Changing hours of work and changes in family structure have been important for understanding trends in individual and household earnings inequalities, respectively. Tax and benefit reforms have also played an important role in driving dispo

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20

Ahmad, Nuzhat, and Mahpara Sadaqa. "Social Capital Household Welfare and Poverty: Evidence from Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 55, no. 4I-II (2016): 467–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.467-482.

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The research addresses the missing link between social capital and analyses of household welfare and poverty. First the relationship between social capital and household welfare is analysed using a social capital index and a heterogeneity index. The social capital index is calculated using different dimensions: density of membership, attendance at meetings, cash and kind contributions and decision making in local organisations/associations. Heterogeneity index is based on differences in incomes, ethnicity, education and political affiliations in the composition of organisations. Endogeneity of

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Balasubramanya, Soumya, Barbara Evans, Rizwan Ahmed, et al. "Pump it up: making single-pit emptying safer in rural Bangladesh." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 3 (2016): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.049.

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Safe emptying and disposal of fecal sludge from pit latrines in rural areas has become a priority for the Government of Bangladesh. In this paper, we calculate the volume and characterize the hazards of managing sludge to identify technologies for safely emptying rural single pits. In Bhaluka subdistrict, an estimated 15,000 m3 of sludge is produced annually. Physical, chemical, and microbial analysis of samples of sludge taken from pit latrines indicate that the sludge has a high moisture content of around 90%, a C:N ration of 10:1, and a helminth presence of 41 eggs/g. In a field test of alt

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22

Nik Nor Rahimah, Nik Ab Rahim, Othman Jamal, Mohd Salleh Norlida Hanim, Chamhuri Norshamliza, and Sahrir Syazwani. "Including Public Realism in Determining New Pricing Scheme for Sanitary Landfill in Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies 60, no. 1 (2023): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjes.vol60no1.5.

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Financial restriction and excessive demand for solid waste disposal is a press-ing issue in developing countries. Neglecting this problem can worsen environmental damage and endanger public health. To address this challenge, this study investigated the influence of social factors on the willingness to pay for a sanitary landfill in Malaysia using choice modelling. Focusing on neighbouring districts, Kota Bharu and Bachok, where households share a crude-dumping landfill, the study collected data from 624 respondents. The findings revealed a common preference among respondents for a sanitary lan

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Sayuti, R. H., M. Taqiuddin, Hayati, et al. "Socio-economic mapping for community empowerment in Mandalika special economic zone, Lombok, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1253, no. 1 (2023): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1253/1/012067.

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Abstract The community’s welfare is anticipated to increase with development in highly prioritized regions of the country’s tourism industry. Studies, however, indicate that this is not always the case. If the process of social engineering is not taken seriously, even poverty will continue to cast a shadow over the neighborhood. What about the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ), which has been designated as a new area for economic growth and has had expensive tourism amenities constructed? This study aims to map the social and economic state of the neighborhood surrounding the Mandalika Spe

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Stafford, Richard, Jenny Alexander, Stephen Axon, et al. "Evaluating post 2024 election scenarios for the UK based on political party manifestos." PLOS One 20, no. 5 (2025): e0324942. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324942.

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Manifestos provide a vision for political parties to enact if elected to government. While manifestos may not be enacted in full, they provide some of the best information for the public in deciding how to vote. However, manifestos tend to contain both enactable policies (e.g., tax cuts) and outcomes or visions of what these policies may achieve for society (e.g., higher disposal income). These outcomes may be deliberately misleading, inaccurate or only a partial picture of how policies will materialise, as it is unlikely a single policy will influence a single outcome. This work creates a com

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Rogalska, Joanna. "Fee for issuing alcoholic beverages for sale in the municipalities of the Kielce poviat." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, no. 6 (2021): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.964.

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Purpose of the study: The aim of the article is an analysis of revenues for fees for permits for the sale of alcoholic beverages in the own income of municipalities of the Kielce poviat in 2018-2020. It is to enable the answer to be given about the role of the fee for issuing a permit for the sale of alcohol in the incomes of municipalities' own. Methodology: The work was based on the analysis of RB 27S reports on the implementation of the budget income plan of the surveyed municipalities, analysis of internal materials of these units, normative acts and the Local Data Bank Main fi

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Schenck, Catherina J., Takunda Y. Chitaka, Hugh Tyrrell, and Andrea Couvert. "Disposable Diaper Usage and Disposal Practices in Samora Machel Township, South Africa." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (2023): 9478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129478.

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Single-use disposable diapers have a major impact on climate change due to greenhouse gas emissions from landfills, especially those that are unlined, and particularly when such diapers are not well-managed and dumped in water courses and open spaces or burnt. The aim of this study was to explore the current usage and disposal practices of disposable diaper users in Samora Machel, a township in Cape Town, South Africa. The findings were to be used to inform the design and implementation of a pilot diaper collection model to follow. This urban/peri-urban area comprises lower-income, high-densit

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Ushin, Vasilii V., Vitaly V. Zotov, Elena A. Prelikova, and Ulyana V. Yushina. "Population Readiness for Separate Collection of Municipal Solid Waste (Example of Disposable Diapers)." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: Economics, Sociology and Management 11, no. 6 (2021): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1552-2021-11-6-199-211.

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The relevance of the study is due to the constantly growing environmental damage caused by used disposable diapers. The purpose of the study was to determine the potential of public participation in the disposal of disposable diapers. Objectives: to determine the intensity and volume of use of disposable diapers, the possibility of abandoning them and switching to alternatives, to determine the readiness of the population for the disposal of household waste, including disposable diapers. The research methodology is based on the scientific concepts of the reform of solid municipal waste managem

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Wang, Zheying. "Influences of Income on Luxury Products Consumption." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 10, no. 1 (2023): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/10/20230486.

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This report is aimed to investigate the influences of incomes on consumers consumption and demands of luxury vehicles in China. This study uses the summary of the sales performance of these four brands in China in each year to represent the sales performances of luxury vehicles in China. This report uses the units sold to represent the sales performances. This study uses the national data from the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics to collect the average disposable income data to represent the income conditions of Chinese consumers Based on secondary data collected about the sales performan

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Chernyavskiy, Sergei V., Mikhail V. Palt, Vladimir S. Chernyavskiy, and Irina A. Astakhova. "Accounting for natural mining conditions as the basis for evaluating the effectiveness of the enterprise." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Ekonomika, no. 57 (2022): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988648/57/3.

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The tax mechanism in the extractive industries should provide all enterprises with relatively equal terms of business, the differentiation of which is largely due to the influence of natural mineral mining conditions, to the number of the production conditions of mining mining factors of the Reno formation and the quality of minerals. However, the tools of the tax mechanism used, including the differentiation of tax rates for mining, are not able to ensure the necessary equality in mining enterprises’ profitability after taxation. Some economists offer a certain averaging of payments for depos

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Kalina, Marc, Jonathan Kwangulero, Fathima Ali, and Elizabeth Tilley. "“You need to dispose of them somewhere safe”: Covid-19, masks, and the pit latrine in Malawi and South Africa." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0262741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262741.

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The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has generated an immense amount of potentially infectious waste, primarily face masks, which require rapid and sanitary disposal in order to mitigate the spread of the disease. Yet, within Africa, large segments of the population lack access to reliable municipal solid waste management (SWM) services, both complicating the disposal of hazardous waste, and public health efforts. Drawing on extensive qualitative fieldwork, including 96 semi-structured interviews, across four different low-income communities in Blantyre, Malawi and Durban, South Africa, the purpose o

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Chu, Zhujie, Yunga Wu, and Jun Zhuang. "Municipal household solid waste fee based on an increasing block pricing model in Beijing, China." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 3 (2016): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16681462.

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This article aims to design an increasing block pricing model to estimate the waste fee with the consideration of the goals and principles of municipal household solid waste pricing. The increasing block pricing model is based on the main consideration of the per capita disposable income of urban residents, household consumption expenditure, production rate of waste disposal industry, and inflation rate. The empirical analysis is based on survey data of 5000 households in Beijing, China. The results indicate that the current uniform price of waste disposal is set too high for low-income people

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Gwenzi, Willis, Tinoziva T. Simbanegavi, and Piotr Rzymski. "Household Disposal of Pharmaceuticals in Low-Income Settings: Practices, Health Hazards, and Research Needs." Water 15, no. 3 (2023): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030476.

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Pharmaceuticals are widely used in Africa due to the high burden of human and animal diseases. However, a review of the current practices and pollution risks arising from the disposal of pharmaceuticals in low-income settings in Africa is still lacking. Therefore, the present review examined the literature to address the following questions: (1) what are the key factors driving the accumulation of unused and expired pharmaceuticals?, (2) what are the current disposal practices for unused and expired pharmaceuticals, and wastewater (feces and urine) containing excreted pharmaceuticals?, (3) wha

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Reznik, O. M., and A. A. Bertsyukh. "Concepts and features of interaction of the State service of financial monitoring of Ukraine with law enforcement agencies concerning counteraction to legalization of criminal incomes." Legal horizons, no. 22 (2020): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i22.p82.

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The article is devoted to the formulation of the author’s definition of the concept of interaction of the State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine with law enforcement agencies to combat money laundering, followed by the definition of the peculiarities of such interaction. The relevance of the proposed article is due to the high level of financial and economic crime, at which the laundering of criminal proceeds causes significant damage to the economy. Accordingly, this state of affairs necessitates the joint efforts of different actors in the fight against this negative phenomenon. It is

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Novotná, Martina, Ivana Faltová Leitmanová, Jiří Alina, and Tomáš Volek. "Capital Intensity and Labour Productivity in Waste Companies." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (2020): 10300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410300.

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At first glance, it might seem that the economic aspects of sustainability in terms of waste management have resolved themselves already in areas of activity. In reality, however, companies in this area also need to address how to ensure their future operations. The primary priority for companies in the area of waste disposal is to provide efficient collection, sorting, and recycling, effectively using company resources. The goal of this paper was to explore the relation between capital intensity and the productivity of labour in companies in the waste sector in the countries of the Visegrad G

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Chang, Carolyn W., Kian Guan Lim, and Zhi Min Zhang. "Leverage Strategies of Real Estate Investment Trusts and Real Estate Operating Companies." International Real Estate Review 27, no. 1 (2024): 81–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100377.

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This paper employs empirical data in three major Asian real estate markets - Hong Kong, Japan, and Singapore, from 2001 to 2021, to study the leverage strategies of two related types of real estate companies – real estate investment trusts (REITs) and real estate operating companies (REOCs). The business model of the former must adhere to a real-estate-focused investment strategy while the latter undertakes a whole range of real estate development activities including land acquisition, financial feasibility analysis, construction, investment and asset management to redevelopment and disposal,

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Chesley, Noelle, Helen Meier, Jake Luo, Immaculate Apchemengich, and W. Hobart Davies. "Social factors shaping the adoption of lead-filtering point-of-use systems: an observational study of an MTurk sample." Journal of Water and Health 18, no. 4 (2020): 505–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2020.053.

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Abstract Some municipalities are promoting lead-filtering point-of-use (POU) systems to minimize the risk of lead exposure through drinking water, often targeting use at racial minorities and low-income households. However, links among social inequality markers and adoption of these systems are not well understood. Survey data on adoption and use of POU systems were collected from a U.S. Mechanical Turk (MTurk) sample (N = 2,867) in March 2018. We use logistic regression to assess the association of race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and lead-filtering POU adoption. We also examined k

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Глебов, Andrey Glebov, Леонов, and Aleksandr Leonov. "Trends in low income of the population Russia." Clusters. Research and Development 3, no. 1 (2017): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_58f5e53cbfd4e6.50541718.

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Analysis of household income shows that the level of real disposable income falls from 2013. The revenue structure reduced the volume of revenues from business activities, increases the amount of income received in the form of various social benefits without increasing the amount of income from property. This indicates the ineffectiveness of government policy in the sphere of incomes.

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Dagadu, Peter Kwei, Gideon Sagoe, and Martin Oteng-Ababio. "HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE: GAUGING KNOWLEDGE LEVEL AND ITS IMPLICATION FOR DOMESTIC WASTE HANDLING AND DISPOSAL PRACTICES." Volume 27 - June 2024, no. 27 (June 17, 2024): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2024.18386.

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Household hazardous waste (HHW) refers to waste generated at the household level that can pose a danger to public and environmental health if not managed properly. The amount of waste, including HHW, has been increasing due to urbanisation, rising income levels, and changes in lifestyles. Unfortunately, most households are not aware of the potential risks associated with this waste, despite the serious health and environmental hazards it can pose. This creates a conundrum which this study seeks to unpack. A mixed-method approach addressed this gap, including a policy dialogue and a survey of 1

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Sarioglo, V. H., and U. S. Leshenok. "Estimating the Disposable Income of Households at the Local Level." Statistics of Ukraine 89, no. 2-3 (2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.2-3(89-90)2020.02-03.04.

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The article is devoted to the problem of socio-economic indicators estimation of at the local level, first and foremost at the municipal and community level. Emphasis is made on approaches to the estimation of the households’ disposable income as a key indicator of the population’s standards of living, required for elaborating and implementing effective measures of socio-economic policy, implementing investment programs on the modernization of living quarters, objects of social infrastructure etc.  The meaning of the term “disposable incomes” adopted in the official statistics of Ukraine

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Sarioglo, V. H., and U. S. Leshenok. "Estimating the Disposable Income of Households at the Local Level." Statistics of Ukraine 89, no. 2-3 (2020): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.2-3(89-90)2020.02-03.04.

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The article is devoted to the problem of socio-economic indicators estimation of at the local level, first and foremost at the municipal and community level. Emphasis is made on approaches to the estimation of the households’ disposable income as a key indicator of the population’s standards of living, required for elaborating and implementing effective measures of socio-economic policy, implementing investment programs on the modernization of living quarters, objects of social infrastructure etc.  The meaning of the term “disposable incomes” adopted in the official statistics of Ukraine

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Runowski, Henryk. "THE PROBLEM OF ASSESSING THE LEVEL OF AGRICULTURAL INCOME IN EUROPEAN UNION." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 5 (2017): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.6233.

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The aim of the study was to identify the problems of using different methods of measuring agricultural income and the resulting assessments. The system used by the European Union to measure farmers’ incomes is imperfect. The concept of measuring farm incomes is criticized. There are mentioned, among others no statistics on farm incomes, including both farm income and non-farm income. The Common Agricultural Policy strives to ensure an adequate standard of living for the rural population, i.e. the level of disposable income on the farm. The question is, what is the right level? This is largely

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Hao-Chen, Huang, Huang Jung-Hua, and Liao Ting-Hsiu. "The Spatial Spill-over Effects of Fiscal Expenditures and Employment Structures on Disposable Personal Income: Evidence from Taiwan." Empirical Economics Review 12, no. 3-4 (2023): 23–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8374144.

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<strong>Abstract: </strong>With the main purpose of exploring the determinants (including fiscal expenditure and employment structure) influencing average disposable personal incomes in counties and cities, this study uses panel data of various regions in Taiwan from 2000 to 2020 for spatial econometric model analysis. First, global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation are used to analyze the overall spatial agglomeration degree of average disposable personal incomes in counties and cities and the agglomeration of specific areas. Results of the spatial Durbin model analysi

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Cris, Saranza, Villamar Eric, Arlan Erwin, Francia Janine, Lopio-Alas Lorna, and Buca Ralph. "Exploring the Impact of Usage Frequency on Perceived Value of ChatGPT among University Students: The Moderating Role of Income." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 07, no. 12 (2024): 9430–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14564534.

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This study examined the relationship between ChatGPT's usage frequency and perceived value among 386 international university students from selected universities in the Caraga and Northern Mindanao regions of the Philippines, specifically to the moderating role of disposable income. Utilizing a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design, the results showed a significant positive correlation between usage frequency and perceived value, supporting the hypothesis that more frequent use leads to greater perceived value. However, this relationship was found to be moderated by disposable income, wi

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Sommer, Marni, Marianne Kjellén, and Chibesa Pensulo. "Girls' and women's unmet needs for menstrual hygiene management (MHM): the interactions between MHM and sanitation systems in low-income countries." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 3 (2013): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.101.

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While the sanitation sector is gaining increased recognition in policy and research, its inherent inter-linkage with menstrual hygiene management remains an under-researched subject. This review explores knowledge about menstrual beliefs and behaviors, and how women and girls currently handle their monthly menses in relation to existing sanitation systems in low-income countries. It further explores how used menstrual materials are disposed of, and the consequences of different disposal practices for the functioning of sanitation systems. Conclusions point towards the inadequacy of research in

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Belov, V. I., and T. A. Kabatchikova. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REAL DISPOSABLE INCOME IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF ITS DEVELOPMENT." Juvenis scientia, no. 1 (2019): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2019.01.04.

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The article deals with the problems of reducing the real disposable income of Russian citizens over the past few years. The main sources of income formation of the population and, above all, wages of workers are analyzed. The dynamics of real incomes of the population (since 2013) has a negative value. Experts consider various reasons for the fall in the level of real disposable income of citizens in the Russian Federation for these periods. As a solution to this problem, the authors propose a solution associated with the introduction of some changes in the legal framework of the country. Thes

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Wang, Shuo, Guorui Fu, Xiaoqing Ma, Ling Xu, and Fenglin Yang. "Exploring the optimal crop planting structure to balance water saving, food security and incomes under the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the agricultural climate." Journal of Environmental Management 295 (October 2021): 113130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113130.

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Galster, George, and Lena Magnusson Turner. "Status Aversion, Attraction and Discrepancy as Drivers of Neighborhood Selection." City & Community 18, no. 3 (2019): 937–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12435.

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Neighborhood income segregation is a widespread phenomenon. We explore its origins by modeling neighborhood selection by native Norwegian households making inter–neighborhood moves, distinguishing influences of shares of three income groups and the discrepancy between the individual household's income and neighborhood median. We conduct a conditional logit analysis employing 2013–2014 population register data from the Oslo, Norway, metropolitan area. We find that status composition (shares of low– and high–income households) and status discrepancy (difference between individual household's and

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Cherkasov, Sergey, and Yuri Kamaev. "Behaviors associated with seeking medical care from surgical patients with different levels of disposable income." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine 18, no. 1 (2023): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2023.106.

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The purpose of the study: to analyze behavioral patterns associated with seeking medical care for surgical patients with different levels of disposable income. Materials and methods. Disposable income was calculated as the sum of the income of each household member in monetary terms. This amount was calculated as the average monthly income in a family (household) per each of its members, regardless of their personal income. The household was considered as an economic category – a set of people running a joint household, within which market principles of the distribution of economic benefits do

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Shpanel-Yukhta, Oleksii, and Oleksandra Kurbet. "Regional income inequality in Ukraine: The impact of Internet and mobile access on disposable income." Problems and Perspectives in Management 22, no. 4 (2024): 611–22. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(4).2024.46.

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The effect of digitalization on inequality continues to spark discussions, with opinions divided on whether it alleviates or exacerbates the issue. This paper explores how digitalization has affected income inequality in Ukraine from 2017 to 2021. A pooled OLS model is used to investigate the relationship between mobile communication access and fixed Internet access and usage and their influence on disposable income levels. The findings reveal that mobile and Internet access significantly impact income distribution, with a notable disparity between high- and low-income regions. Specifically, w

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Dallinger, Ursula. "The endangered middle class? A comparative analysis of the role played by income redistribution." Journal of European Social Policy 23, no. 1 (2013): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928712456573.

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Contributing to the debate on the decline of the middle class, this article provides a comparative and longitudinal analysis of changes to the relative position of middle income groups in 19 (post)industrial countries between 1985 and 2005. How much did the income position of the middle worsen compared with more vulnerable groups? To what extent did public policies mitigate the market position of different income groups? The analysis is based on microdata of the Luxembourg Income Study. It divides the broad category of ‘middle class’ into three groups. Results suggest little change in the inco

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