Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dispositifs électro-optiques'
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Zegaoui, Malek. "Commutateurs électro-optiques à haute diaphotie sur InP." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/c6f05795-2fb1-4870-b629-d2872ae2204f.
Full textBessiere, Aurélie. "Dispositifs flexibles à propriétés électro-optiques adaptatives dans le visible et l'infrarouge." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066394.
Full textGallé, Nicolas. "Propriétés optiques et électro-optiques de cellules de cristaux liquides ferroélectriques en configuration torsadée." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-333.pdf.
Full textDrolet, Nicolas. "Étude de dispositifs électro-optiques à base de matériaux dérivés de l'unité 2,7-carbazole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23878/23878.pdf.
Full textRadouani, Rachid. "Dérive dans les modulateurs électro-optiques Mach-Zehnder : analyse physique et résolution." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Radouani.Rachid.SMZ0622.pdf.
Full textThe modulators currently developed for high speed optical telecommunications generally suffer, in their DC part, from a drift phenomenon, whose causes are not completely understood. In order to find the origins of this drift we started by characterizing a commercial Mach-Zehnder modulator. This enabled us to identify the existence of three phenomena : a first phenomenon with a fast response time related to the silica layer, a second one related to the anisotropy of the substrate and a third phenomenon linked to the heterogeneities of surface induced during the fabrication of the device. This analysis led us to consider a solution to the problems of the drifts related to charges relaxation in the structure of the device. This solution consists in the compensation of the drifts related to the anisotropy of the substrate of LiNbO3 by those due to the electric heterogeneities of the surface. In order to implement this solution we have developed a physical model based on the Maxwell’s equations which allows to calculate the map of the ideal electrical conductivity allowing to remove the long-term drift. This calculation requires the knowledge of the response times of the LiNbO3 substrate. This is why we have developed two experimental setups, one based on the Senarmont’s method and the other on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. These setups enabled us to measure the temporal evolution of the electric field induced in the substrate during the application of a voltage step and to deduce these response times from them
Bédard, Arcand Jean-Philippe. "Contrôle électrique et magnétique de surfaces mésogènes pour cellules électro-optiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29384/29384.pdf.
Full textWe investigate the possibility of creating new electro-optical components using mesogenic surfaces controlled by electromagnetic fields. These programmed surfaces have the function of imposing an alignment on the juxtaposed volume of liquid crystal to produce the desired electro-optical properties. The extent and effectiveness of these properties have a great technological impact such as in the field of liquid crystal displays and variable optical attenuators. More specifically, this research addresses the surface interaction between the mesogen substrate and the liquid crystal and various practical avenues resulting therefrom. For example, the importance of interdiffusion between those two materials will be detailed and linked to the creation of surface self-organizing networks. This original phenomenon allows the creation of a surface - polymer stabilized liquid crystal composite which is applied to electro-optical attenuators.
Abel, Stefan. "Dispositifs électro-optiques à base de titanate de baryum épitaxié sur silicium pour la photonique intégrée." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT004/document.
Full textA novel concept of utilizing electro-optical active oxides in silicon photonic devices is developed and realized in the frame of this thesis. The integration of such oxides extends the silicon photonics platform by non-linear materials, which can be used for ultra-fast switching or low-power tuning applications. Barium titanate is used as active material as it shows one of the strongest Pockels coefficients among all oxides. Three major goals are achieved throughout this work: First, thin films of BaTiO3 are epitaxially grown on silicon substrates via molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using thin SrTiO3 buffer layers. A shuttered co-deposition growth technique is developed in order to minimize the formation of defects in the BaTiO3 films by achieving a 1:1 stoichiometry between barium and titanium. The layers show a tetragonal symmetry and are therefore well-suited for electro-optical applications. The orientation of the long c -axis of the BaTiO3 crystal can be tuned to point perpendicular or parallel to the film surface, depending on the growth conditions. In addition, thin MBE-grown seed layers are combined with rf-sputter deposition. With this hybrid growth approach, rather thick ( > 100 nm), epitaxial BaTiO3 layers on silicon substrates are obtained with a commercially available, wide spread deposition technique. As a second goal, a strong Pockels coefficient of reff = 148 pm/V is determined in the epitaxial BaTiO3 films. This first experimental result on the electro-optical activity of BaTiO3 layers on silicon shows a clear enhancement compared to alternative non-linear materials such as lithium niobate with reff = 31 pm/V. By means of the electro-optical characterization method, also the presence of ferroelectricity in the films is demonstrated. Third, the electro-optical active BaTiO3 layers are embedded into silicon photonic devices. For this purpose, a horizontal slot-waveguide structure with a ~50 nm-thick BaTiO3 film sandwiched between two silicon layers is designed. With this design, the optical confinement in the active BaTiO3 layer is enhanced by a factor of 5 compared to Si-waveguide structures with a standard cross section and BaTiO3 as cladding. Straight BaTiO3 slot-waveguides with propagation losses of 50 − 100 dB/cm as well as functional passive devices such as Mach-Zehnder-interferometers, couplers, and ring resonators are experimentally realized. Additionally, first active ring resonators with Q-factors of Q~5000 are fabricated. The physical origin of the observed resonance shift as a function of the applied bias voltage, however, can not be conclusively clarified in the present work. The combination of high-quality, functional BaTiO3 layers with silicon photonic devices as demonstrated in this thesis offers new opportunities by extending the design palette for engineering photonic circuits with the class of electro-opticalactive materials. The integration of oxides such as BaTiO3 enables novel device concepts for tuning, switching, and modulating light in extremely dense photonic circuits. The integration also opens exciting challenges for material scientists to tailor the electro-optical properties of those oxides by strain engineering or fabrication of superlattice structures, which could ultimately lead to another boost of their electro-optical properties
Deshayes, Yannick. "Diagnostic de défaillances de systèmes optoélectroniques émissifs pour applications de télécommunication : caractérisations électro-optiques et simulations thermomécaniques." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12538.
Full textPAGES, Hubert. "Optimisation des propriétés électro-optiques de polymères conducteurs pour des dispositifs électrochromes flexibles à signature infrarouge contrôlable." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010208.
Full textLa couche mince de polymère conducteur est électrochimiquement déposée sur une membrane microporeuse dorée, réflectrice vis à vis du rayonnement incident. Le polymère conducteur passant d'un état optique transparent à absorbant lors du processus électrochimique de dopage-dédopage engendre alors le contraste. Deux polymères conducteurs ont été étudiés : la polydiphénylamine et le poly(3,4-éthylènedioxythiophène).
Le cyclage électrochimique des couches minces de polymères conducteurs met en évidence des effets de gonflement réversibles qui dépendent principalement de la nature du dopant et de l'électrolyte de cyclage. L'analyse de l'impédance d'une microbalance à quartz électrochimique, sur lequel est déposé le polymère, a permis de suivre in situ les changements de masse et de morphologie du film pendant les cycles d'oxydoréduction. Les insertions et les désinsertions des différentes espèces chimiques (ions et molécules de solvant) lors des processus redox ont ainsi pu être quantifiées. L'influence de la nature du dopant, l'effet de la nature de l'électrolyte de cyclage, ainsi que le type de signal électrique appliqué (triangulaire ou carré) ont été étudiés.
Des dispositifs électrochromes flexibles à base de membranes poreuses et de polymères conducteurs ont été assemblés. Nous avons pu alors montrer que le contraste réversible obtenu dans le moyen infrarouge était lié aux mouvements d'insertion et de désinsertion des espèces chimiques mis en évidence à l'aide de la microbalance à quartz.
Sanchez, Perez Célia. "Dispositifs optiques intègrés hybrides, verre / polymère électro-optique : applicationà un polariseur et à un modulateur de phase." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0159.
Full textHenrot, Fabien. "Composants à hauts facteurs de forme pour les résonateurs acousto-électriques et les dispositifs électro-optiques sur substrats mono-cristallins." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2032/document.
Full textOver the past decades, minutiarization and compacity have become a focus subject for companies specialisedin the manufacturing of radio-frequency components. Active components are typically manuafctured onsilicon wafers with well-known structuring methods. Passive ones are often manufactured on single cristalsuch as Quartz or Lithium Niobate, especially for acoustic wave generation or lightwave guiding. Theguiding of optical or acoustical waves leads to the manufacturing of sensors or filters which can be usedfor telecommunications or for the industry. Improvement in waveguiding allows for less power-consuming andmore compact devices but a 3D-structuring is usually required. This technology readness is high leveled forsilicon structuring but not for single crystals such as Lithium Niobate. This work presents the development andthe manufacturing of high aspect ratio three-dimensionnal structures in single-crystals using precise sawing.These structures show an optical waveguiding capability which allow the improvements of electro-opticmodulators or filters. Combined with a periodic reversing of Lithium Niobate polarization, these structuresallows for bulk acoustic wave generation leading to high electromechanical coupling and equivalent phasevelocity resonant modes. In non-linear optic field, this kind of structures lead to the improvement of secondharmonic generation e_ciency by reducing the cross section of waveguide. The manufactured devices in theframework of this project can actuelly be used in several domains of physic
Mirshafiei, Mehrdad. "Ultra-wideband Indoor Communications Using Optical Technology." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29408/29408.pdf.
Full textUltra-wideband (UWB) communication has attracted an enormous amount of research in recent years, especially after the introduction of the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) spectral mask. Ultra-short pulses allow for very high bit-rates while low power eliminates interference with existing narrowband systems. Low power, however, limits the propagation range of UWB radios to a few meters for indoors wireless transmission. Furthermore, received UWB signals are spread in time because of multipath propagation which results in high intersymbol interference at high data rates. Gaussian monocycle, the most commonly employed UWB pulse, has poor coverage under the FCC mask. In this thesis we demonstrate transmitters capable of generating UWB pulses with high power efficiency at Gb/s bit-rates. An efficient pulse results in higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver by utilizing most of the available power under the FCC spectral mask. We generate the pulses in the optical domain and use optical fiber to transport the pulses over several kilometers for distribution in a passive optical network. Optical fiber is very reliable for transporting radio signals with low power consumption. We use simple elements such as a Mach Zehnder modulator or a ring resonator for pulse shaping, allowing for integration in silicon. Being compatible with CMOS technology, silicon photonics has huge potential for lowering the cost and bulkiness of optical systems. Photodetection converts the pulses to the electrical domain before antenna transmission at the user side. The frequency response of UWB antennas distorts the UWB waveforms. We pro- pose a nonlinear optimization technique which takes into account antenna distortion to find pulses that maximize the transmitted power, while respecting the FCC spectral mask. We consider three antennas and design a unique pulse for each. The energy improvement in UWB pulses directly improves the receiver SNR. Simulation results show that optimized pulses have a significant bit error rate (BER) performance improvement compared to the Gaussian monocycle under multipath propagation. Our other contribution is evaluating a matched filter to receive efficiently designed UWB pulses. The matched filter is synthesized and fabricated in microstrip technology in collaboration with McGill University as an electromagnetic bandgap device. The frequency response of the matched filter shows close agreement with the target UWB pulse spectrum. BER measurements confirm superior performance of the matched filter compared to a direct conversion receiver. The UWB channel is very rich in multipath leading to ISI at high bit rates. Our last contribution is investigating the performance of receivers by simulating a system employing realistic channel conditions. Simulation results show that the performance of such system degrades significantly for high data rates. To compensate the severe ISI at gigabit rates, we investigate the Viterbi algorithm (VA) with a limited number of states and the decision feedback equalizer (DFE). We examine the required number of states in the VA, and the number of taps in the DFE for reliable Gb/s UWB trans- mission for line-of-sight channels. Non-line-of-sight channels were also investigated at lower speeds. BER simulations confirm that equalization considerably improves the performance compared to symbol detection. The DFE results in better performance compared to the VA when using comparable complexity as the DFE can cover greater channel memory with a relatively low complexity level.
Ngoho, Moungoho Stéphane Samuel. "Contribution à la conception de modules hyperfréquences et optoélectroniques intégrés pour des systèmes optiques à très haut débit." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0042.
Full textThe increase of the capacities of optical telecommunications systems goes through the development of innovative optoelectronics devices and key technologies with high performances. These devices are subjects to high components integration and the deployed technologies implement complex functions (PDM - QPSK, PDM - 16 QAM etc.). Therefore, it is necessary before any realization to study the electromagnetic behavior of these components in order to predict good performances at high frequency and signal integrity in the transmission chain. Thus, through an EM - circuit modeling, the overall behavior of an electro-optical multilevel modulator based on carrier depletion in a PN junction has been studied and analyzed. The modulator is firstly represented by a model taking in account the junction. The junction is modeled by her equivalents resistance and capacity. Subsequently, the packaging of the modulator with the input and out circuit is realized and optimized. The EM modeling has also helped to design the input circuit of an integrated multiplexer to a 3 bits digital - analog converter for an optical system. The obtained results meet the industry specifications and allow predicting good performances in high frequency for the integrated devices
Plumereau, Christine. "Utilisation de plasmons de surface à faibles pertes pour la modulation de la lumière par effet électro-optique." Saint-Etienne, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STET4007.
Full textTerrom, Mickaël. "Etude d'un dispositif à fibres optiques permettant la collection, le transport et le contrôle d'un flux lumineux solaire." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20114.
Full textVu, Thi Nhung. "Composants optoélectroniques à faible consommation en III-V sur silicium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS172/document.
Full textSilicon photonics is considered as a promising solution to replace electrical interconnections in the next years. Among the remaining challenges, the driving power of the active devices has to be minimized. Furthermore the use of a common technological platform for the realization of Silicon (Si) photonics passive and active devices would present a great interest in term of fabrication complexity and cost. III-V on Si is a good candidate for such a common technological platform as the physical properties of III-V semiconductors allow for active functionalities such as III-V on Si laser which have already been successfully demonstrated. In this perspective, 2D photonic crystals (PhCs) and slow light structures, which are known to intrinsically reinforce light/matter interactioncan alsobring interesting opportunities.In this context, the work is focused on the design, fabrication and characterization of slow-light III-V- on-silicon electroabsorption modulators. In a first part, the photonic crystal structure and light coupling from silicon waveguide to slowlight III-V waveguide are designed and modeled. The performance of the optimized structure is analyzed, showing a modulator operating at 15 GHz and exhibiting an extinction ratio of more than 5 dB over a spectral range of more than 10 nm, using a 18.75 µ;m-long modulator. Subsequently, the masks and fabrication steps for a hybrid III-V photonic crystalon Si modulators are presented. Finally, the experimental results obtained during this thesis are presented, showing Quantum Confined Stark Effect and photodetection in the waveguide integrated structures.The reported works open perspective towards the integrating of optical modulators with III-V on silicon nanolasers and photodetectors using a single technology
Douix, Maurin. "Etude de l'intégration d'un composant capacitif pour la modulation haut débit et basse consommation dans une plateforme photonique sur silicium." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS127/document.
Full textGlobal datacenter data exchange is exponentially growing and silicon photonics is the key answer, thanks to high production volume, at low cost and high yield. Today, energy consumption is a new challenge highlighted by network densification. Capacitive modulators address a specific reduction of the power dedicated to the photonic circuit emitter for light intensity modulation. Design and integration of capacitive modulators are carried out during this thesis. It consists of inserting a dielectric insulator within the optical waveguide center, in order to shape a capacitance with a silicon/ oxide/poly-silicon stack in accumulation regime. A first device is made up of an horizontal insulator stacked between the semiconductors. A second device type comprises a vertical insulator in the center of a slot rib waveguide. The first fabrication release demonstrates device feasibility within STMicroelectronics industrial platform. Characterization results of the first device type from C2N, CEA-LETI and STMicroelectronics evaluate the trade-offs between efficiency - featured by capacitive modulators - insertion losses and bandwidth. 3 dB/mm insertion losses are measured, including 0.5 dB/mm poly-silicon absorption only. 2 dB extinction ratio through 700 µm is evaluated on a 10 Gb/s eye diagram, thanks to a VpLp =5.5 V.mm at 15 nm oxide thickness (1.2 pF/mm). Capacitive modulator power consumption is eventually optimized for 1 pJ/bit at 0.9 Vpp
Mhaouech, Imed. "Étude du transport de charges dans le niobate de lithium massif et réalisation de fonctions électro-optiques dans le niobate de lithium périodiquement polarisé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0032/document.
Full textThe first part of this thesis is devoted to the modeling of transport phenomena in the LN. From a critical analysis of the usual band models, we show their inadequacy in the case of LN and we propose a hopping model based on the theory of small polarons. We first study by Monte-Carlo simulation the population decay of bound polarons NbLi4+ in deep traps FeLi3+. We show that the traps (FeLi3+) have particularly large effective radii, which increase further at decreasing temperature, and considerably limit the diffusion lengths of the polarons. The results of simulations are then compared with experimental results obtained by different techniques; Light-induced absorption, Raman, Holographic storage and Pump-Probe. The second part of this thesis is devoted to electro-optical applications in the periodically poled LN (PPLN). Under the effect of an electrical voltage, the refractive index of the PPLN is periodically decreased and increased, thus forming an electrically activatable index grating. A first component using the electro-optical effect in PPLN has been developed and demonstrated experimentally. In this component, the light is deflected under the effect of the electrical voltage by the index grating. This Bragg deflector achieves a diffraction efficiency of close to 100% with a low drive voltage of the order of 5 V. A second component has also been proposed, where light propagates perpendicularly to the domain walls of the PPLN. In this configuration an electro-optic Bragg reflector can be realized
"Étude de dispositifs électro-optiques à base de matériaux dérivés de l'unité 2,7-carbazole." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23878/23878.pdf.
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