Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dispositivi GPS'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Dispositivi GPS.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Corazza, Michele. "Un oracolo per la scelta location-based dell'interfaccia di rete nei dispositivi mobili." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6212/.
Full textStivani, Federico. "Studio e valutazione sperimentale di tecniche di radio fingerprinting per navigazione indoor con dispositivi mobili Android." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7443/.
Full textCacchi, Alberto. "Valutazione dell'attività fisica tramite l'uso del Global Positioning System." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textSilva, Rogerio Cesar da. "Dispositivos hifenados para microextração em fase solida." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250197.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T15:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_RogerioCesarda_D.pdf: 4524361 bytes, checksum: 24333539b89a414df416bbcf9e0ee5bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Doutorado
Quimica Analitica
Doutor em Quimica
Basso, Enrico. "Progettazione di un impianto pilota per la caratterizzazione di dispositivi per il Power to Gas." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22529/.
Full textCortellazzi, Daniele. "Progetto e calibrazione di un dispositivo portatile per il monitoraggio della qualita dell'aria." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7549/.
Full textBocanegra, Ureta Rubén Gabriel. "Desarrollo de una aplicación Web para el monitoreo de vehículos con dispositivos GPS que comercializa una Empresa de Telecomunicaciones." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Ricardo Palma. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2012. http://cybertesis.urp.edu.pe/urp/2012/bocanegra_r/html/index-frames.html.
Full textDanglot, Jérôme Lippens Didier Vanbésien Olivier. "Dispositifs microondes et optiques à base de matériaux à gaps de photon." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.univ-lille1.fr/bustl-grisemine/pdf/extheses/50376-2001-113-114.pdf.
Full textDanglot, Jérôme. "Dispositifs microondes et optiques à base de matériaux à gaps de photon." Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-113-114.pdf.
Full textNegri, Cassio Vinícius Carletti. "Estimativa das observáveis GPS da portadora L2 por meio de Redes Neurais Artificiais a partir de dados obtidos em dispositivos móveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-08012019-110316/.
Full textOver the years, positioning by artificial satellites through the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and, mainly, through the American Global Positioning System (GPS), has become increasingly important in Geomatics. The quality of the solutions is directly related, among other factors, to the receiver type used in the work: more expensive (geodetic) devices, capable of generating the carriers L1 and L2 or L1, L2 and L5, produce the best results; conversely, topographic receivers which only trace the L1 frequency are cheaper, but make data processing dependent on an ionospheric model to partially reduce the effects of that source. In order to improve the positioning solutions with low cost devices and avoid additional financial costs to the user who would ultimately need to use more expensive devices, the main objective of this work is to propose the implementation of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to estimate the GPS L2 observations from the L1 observables, aiming also to improve the prediction method elaborated in other research. This was done by using the Cross-Validation (CV) technique to select a network model. The observations were estimated from observables tracked on both a geodetic receiver and an Android smartphone, and we compared the accuracy of the solutions that were processed with and without the artificial observations created by the ANN. The CV technique demonstrated that a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) of four hidden layers and another of an intermediate layer are the most appropriate configurations for the estimation of the L2 code and phase observables, respectively. The learning time in all the tests did not exceed a few seconds and the processing of the dual frequency RINEX files, which were created in this work, revealed significant improvements in the positioning solutions in all the experiments. The plane and spatial deviations were reduced by around 40% to 50% in relation to the results obtained with only the original L1 carrier data. In some tests it was possible to perform the iono-free combination (L3) and in others to meet the georeferencing regulations for rural properties of the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA). The results indicate, therefore, that the methodological proposal of the present investigation acts in a very promising way and as an alternative to the use of more expensive receivers.
Fiorini, Anna. "Analisi e sviluppo di modelli per la classificazione di immagini in contesto open set nell’ambito di dispositivi embedded." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22412/.
Full textCunha, José Emanuel da Costa. "Deteção automática de atividades agronómicas." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10974.
Full textA partir da informação obtida pelos vários sensores dos smartphones, como o GPS ou o acelerómetro, é possível construir aplicações capazes de captar informação sobre o contexto espacial em que estamos, surgindo a possibilidade de automatizar muitas das atividades executadas pelos utilizadores. Considerando ainda os avanços nos Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, a aplicação de todos estes conceitos à chamada agricultura moderna, traz uma oportunidade de aumentar o nível de produtividade de um técnico, na realização das suas atividades do dia-a-dia. Nesta dissertação foi desenvolvido um sistema que, com o mínimo de intervenção humana, permite detetar de forma automática algumas das atividades do técnico, bem como os lugares visitados pelo mesmo durante o seu dia de trabalho, tirando partido de uma captação GPS recolhida por ele. Em primeiro lugar, é feita uma deteção dos locais importantes visitados pelo técnico, chamados pontos de estadia. Esses locais são depois agrupados através de uma técnica de clustering (agrupamento) e no final toda a informação é complementada com moradas e estabelecimentos reais provenientes de uma pesquisa a um serviço de geocoding. Após a extração dos lugares, são identificadas as atividades efetuadas pelo técnico. Algumas são extraídas diretamente por estarem associadas a lugares que foram identificados previamente, enquanto que outras são identificadas através de algoritmos desenvolvidos especificamente para a dissertação. Os algoritmos têm por base uma análise ao tipo de movimento realizado entre os pontos de estadia e a deteção de alguns padrões, sendo no final feita a extracção das atividades associadas ao dia-a-dia do técnico. O sistema foi complementado com uma interface web associada à aplicação desenvolvida, que permite visualizar toda a informação extraída.
Savu, Raluca [UNESP]. "Síntese de nanofios de óxidos semicondutores para aplicações em dispositivos ópticos e eletrônicos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100917.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A presente pesquisa teve como principal objetivo a obtenção de estruturas nanométricas de óxido de índio, óxido de estanho e óxido de zinco por evaporação térmica e síntese hidrotérmica e a construção e teste de sensores de gases e de fotodetectores de ultravioleta baseados nessas nanoestruturas. Foram realizados estudos da influência dos parâmetros experimentais das duas rotas de síntese usadas sobre as morfologias e as propriedades das estruturas. Para a obtenção das camadas nanoestruturadas por evaporação térmica foi especialmente construído um forno tubular que permitiu o controle da temperatura de deposição independente da temperatura de evaporação e da distância entre a fonte de evaporação e o substrato. Esses parâmetros, pouco explorados nas pesquisas reportadas na literatura, exerceram uma grande influência sobre a morfologia e as propriedades dos nanofios obtidos. O equipamento permitiu ainda um controle preciso da composição da atmosfera e da pressão de síntese. Na síntese química em solução, a construção de um reator hidrotérmico permitiu o estudo da influência da taxa de resfriamento sobre as dimensões, cristalinidade, morfologia e propriedades das nanoestruturas. Esse estudo, o primeiro do gênero na literatura, ressaltou a importância no controle deste parâmetro para sintetizar estruturas com propriedades melhoradas. As demais variáveis estudadas foram: a concentração das soluções, as camadas catalisadoras, a temperatura e o tempo de síntese. Foram testadas duas estratégias para a obtenção dos filmes nanoestruturados: spin-coating de suspensões de nanoestruturas sobre substratos de silício oxidado ou o crescimento das mesmas, durante a síntese, sobre substratos com camadas catalisadoras de zinco. Os nanofios e as camadas funcionais foram caracterizados por Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura...
The subject of this thesis covers the synthesis and growth of indium, tin and zinc oxide nanostructures by thermal evaporation and hydrothermal synthesis and the fabrication and testing of gas sensors and ultraviolet photodetectors based on these nanosized structures. For both chemical and physical routes, the influence of processing conditions over the morphology, dimensions and electrical properties of the nanowires was investigated. In order to obtain nanostructured layers by thermal evaporation a tubular furnace was specifically builti, allowed the control of the source-substrate distance and the deposition temperature independently of the evaporation one. These parameters, slightly explored in the literature, granted a big influence over the nanowires morphology and properties. Moreover, the equipment permitted the control of deposition atmosphere and pressure. The design and assembly of a hydrothermal reactor allowed studying the influence of the cooling rate over the dimension, morphology, cristallinity and, consequently, the properties of the nanostructures. This study highlighted the importance of controlling this particular parameter in the hydrothermal process, yielding nanostructured materials with enhanced properties. Variables such as solution concentration, synthesis temperature and time, surfanctants and precursors were also explored in the hydrothermal process. In order to obtain nanostructured thin films using the chemical bath deposition, two processing techniques were employed: spin-coating of powder suspensions over oxidized silicon substrates and nanostructured anisotropic growth directly from solution using zinc coated substrates. The nanowires and the functional nanostructured layers were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE - SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Savu, Raluca. "Síntese de nanofios de óxidos semicondutores para aplicações em dispositivos ópticos e eletrônicos /." Bauru : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100917.
Full textAbstract: The subject of this thesis covers the synthesis and growth of indium, tin and zinc oxide nanostructures by thermal evaporation and hydrothermal synthesis and the fabrication and testing of gas sensors and ultraviolet photodetectors based on these nanosized structures. For both chemical and physical routes, the influence of processing conditions over the morphology, dimensions and electrical properties of the nanowires was investigated. In order to obtain nanostructured layers by thermal evaporation a tubular furnace was specifically builti, allowed the control of the source-substrate distance and the deposition temperature independently of the evaporation one. These parameters, slightly explored in the literature, granted a big influence over the nanowires morphology and properties. Moreover, the equipment permitted the control of deposition atmosphere and pressure. The design and assembly of a hydrothermal reactor allowed studying the influence of the cooling rate over the dimension, morphology, cristallinity and, consequently, the properties of the nanostructures. This study highlighted the importance of controlling this particular parameter in the hydrothermal process, yielding nanostructured materials with enhanced properties. Variables such as solution concentration, synthesis temperature and time, surfanctants and precursors were also explored in the hydrothermal process. In order to obtain nanostructured thin films using the chemical bath deposition, two processing techniques were employed: spin-coating of powder suspensions over oxidized silicon substrates and nanostructured anisotropic growth directly from solution using zinc coated substrates. The nanowires and the functional nanostructured layers were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE - SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Maria Aparecida Zaghete Bertochi
Coorientador: Elson Longo
Banca: Antonio Ricardo Zanatta
Banca: Mônica Alonso Cotta
Banca: Talita Mazon Anselmo
Banca: Sidney José Lima Ribeiro
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp
Doutor
Haudebourg, Raphael. "Application of sputtering to micro gas chromatography : a novel collective stationary phase disposition technique for micro gas chromatography columns fabrication : feasibility, evaluations and oilfield applications." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987621.
Full textStelet, Adriana Barboza. "Contribuição ao desenvolvimento de dispositivos sensores de gás baseados em moléculas organo-metálicas de ftalocianina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-07012008-150638/.
Full textThe aim of this work was to contribute for the development of an electrical device based on organometallic molecules onto porous silicon bulks for the application in the development of gas sensor devices. It was proposed a procedure of deposition of monolayer of Phthalocyanine molecules onto the surface of the porous silicon structure taking advantage of its high specific surface. The Phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed on the porous silicon film thermally oxidized did not show any chemical reaction process preserving their electrical and optical characteristics. A device was fabricated with Gold electrodes based on the Phthalocyanine molecules film deposited onto oxidized porous silicon. From the (I x V) characteristic curves, the carrier transport mechanism through the Phthalocyanine film and the junction type in the Phthalocyanine-electrode region were identified. The mechanism is based on the current limited by the trapped charges in the highly localized levels inside the band gap between the HOMO and LUMO levels of the Phthalocyanine molecules. The I x V response of the device showed to be sensitive to organic gases exposition showing higher sensibility to (Methanol) gas with higher dielectric constant, suggesting an important contribution of the shield effect on the trap levels and as a result decreasing the depth of these levels.
Zhang, Yumeng. "Modélisation et simulation des dispositifs de ventilation dans les stockages de déchets radioactifs." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4132/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop models and algorithms to simulate efficiently the mass exchanges occurring at the interface between the nuclear waste deep geological repositories and the ventilation excavated galleries. To model such physical processes, one needs to account in the porous medium for the flow of the liquid and gas phases including the vaporization of the water component in the gas phase and the dissolution of the gaseous components in the liquid phase. In the free flow region, a single phase gas free flow is considered assuming that the liquid phase is instantaneously vaporized at the interface. This gas free flow has to be compositional to account for the change of the relative humidity in the free flow region which has a strong feedback on the liquid flow rate at the interface
Masteghin, Mateus Gallucci. "Comparação da resposta como sensor de gás de dispositivos com nanofita única e com múltiplas nanofitas de óxido de estanho." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154394.
Full textApproved for entry into archive by Ana Carolina Gonçalves Bet null (abet@iq.unesp.br) on 2018-06-28T17:19:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 masteghin_mg_me_araiq_int.pdf: 9325879 bytes, checksum: ad179c16b4a7ebea4933249a05a03ba1 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-28T17:19:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 masteghin_mg_me_araiq_int.pdf: 9325879 bytes, checksum: ad179c16b4a7ebea4933249a05a03ba1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-06
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Nesse trabalho, realizou-se um estudo a fim de compreender os mecanismos de transporte e as interações gás-sólido que ocorrem na superfície de nanoestruturas de SnO, Sn3O4 e SnO2, preparadas em diferentes dispositivos. Com o objetivo de se obter uma melhor compreensão dos fenômenos envolvidos, optou-se por estudar, individualmente e coletivamente (única e mútiplas), as nanofitas de cada uma das três composições, sendo que o primeiro método permite descartar interferências extrínsecas, analisando-se apenas os mecanismos intrínsecos de condução nas nanoestruturas, sem a presença de barreiras de potencias geradas pelo contato semicondutor/semicondutor e, na maioria dos casos, sem o possível contato não-ôhmico metal/semicondutor. Para isso, os materiais foram sintetizados pelo método de redução carbotérmica e, posteriormente, foram caracterizados por DRX, Raman, UV-Vis e MEV-FEG para confirmar a eficácia da síntese, parte fundamental para a obtenção de resultados confiáveis. Os materiais também foram caracterizados em relação à sua resposta como sensor de gás na presença de gases oxidantes e redutores (por exemplo, NO2 e CO) em baixas concentrações (na escala de ppm) e em temperaturas de trabalho entre 100 °C e 350°C, sendo que para atingir tais temperaturas utilizou-se o método convencional de aquecimento e o método de self-heating, sendo o último promissor por não necessitar de fonte externa para realizar o aquecimento, gerando economia de energia e possibilitando maior mobilidade na detecção de vazamentos. As principais novidades deste trabalho são a caracterização individual de nanofitas de Sn3O4 e des micro-discos de SnO como sensor de gás, o estudo da resposta sensora de nanofitas de mesma composição química com diferentes diâmetros (em nano escala), permitindo o cálculo da camada de depleção (comprimento de Debye) para cada estequiometria, e na escolha do método self-heating de aquecimento para o estudo sensor das estruturas de SnO e Sn3O4. Para realizar esses estudos, fabricou-se dispositivos individuais utilizando trilhas interdigitais e eletrodos específicos em um equipamento de feixe duplo (Focused Ion Beam - FIB) equipado para realizar litografia eletrônica. Deste modo, a principal contribuição do trabalho para a literatura será o estudo das interações sólido-gás em materiais termodinamicamente instáveis (SnO e Sn3O4), no estudo de como o gás analito influencia na espessura da camada de depressão (indiretamente, nas propriedades sensoras) e na utilização de um novo método de sensoriamento de gás (self-heating) para estes materiais. Ao final, espera-se que todo este estudo permita o desenvolvimento de materiais sensores com elevada sensibilidade, seletividade, rápido tempo de resposta e capacidade de miniaturização, sendo essa última característica muito importante quando almeja-se futuras aplicações práticas desse material em dispositivos eletrônicos portáteis.
In the following work, it was carried out a study in order to understand the transport mechanisms and the gas-solid interactions that occur on the surface of SnO, Sn3O4, and SnO2 nanostructures, made-up over different devices. As the main goal of a better understanding regarding involved interaction phenomena, it was chosen to study the nanostructures individually (single-element devices) and as multiple structures (carpet mode devices), in which the former allows to discard extrinsic interferences, such as potential Schottky-type barriers as a result of the semiconductor/semiconductor contact, and in the most of the cases when dealing with single-element devices, without the possible metal/semiconductor non-ohmic contact. Thus, the materials were synthesized by the carbothermal reduction method and characterized by XRD, Raman Spectroscopy, UV-Vis light measurements, and SEM-FEG. The materials were investigated as gas sensors, using oxidizing and reducing gases (such as NO2 and CO) in low concentration levels (ppm), and with working temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 300 °C. These working temperatures were reached using the conventional heating and the self-heating methods, the latter being advantageous for not requiring an external source to the heating, resulting in low dissipated power and allowing higher mobility when seeking for in-situ leakage detections. The highlighted contributions from this work are the Sn3O4 nanobelts and SnO micro-disks characterization as single-element gas sensor devices and the study of different diameters of the same material (nanobelts with same oxidation state), that allowed to calculate the depletion layer length (Debye length) for each stoichiometry; besides the use of the self-heating method in the gas sensor study of SnO and Sn3O4. In the end, the author wishes that all the study performed allows the development of gas sensor devices with high sensitivity, selectivity, fast response and recovery times, and the miniaturization capability.
FAPESP: 2015/21033-0 & BEPE-FAPESP: 2017/12870-0
Péroche, Mathieu. "La gestion de crise tsunami dans la Caraïbe : contribution géographique aux dispositifs d’alerte et d'évacuation des populations." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30042.
Full textThe geo-dynamics of the Caribbean Sea area, particularly due to the presence of subduction zones and numerous volcanic faults is prone to the generation of tsunami's. Historical knowledge of this phenomenon in the region, coupled with recent modeling results, confirms this potential. The amplitudes of the modeled waves approaching the coast came close to 10m in some scenarios. The tsunami is a threat to the entire coastline of the Caribbean Sea. Human, structural and strategic installations, which are focused heavily on the coast, are particularly vulnerable to this phenomenon, especially in the Caribbean where the associated risk is very high. Today, at a regional level, a tsunami warning system is effective. However, there are no plans to guide the local authorities in their decision making to keep their population safe. At best they are very general, notably in the Antilles. So that we can anticipate their needs, we accompanied the operational planning of crisis management for the alert phases and the temporary evacuation of people on land and the security procedures for ships at sea. This initiative, undertaken on different levels, based on a geographical and integrated approach to the management of tsunami crisis, is at the interface of knowledge between scientific and operational domain. Our scientific expertise has led to the development of operational documents for the application of the tsunami warning on land and sea. It has helped to establish a method of pedestrian evacuation planning. The proposed method is already being implicated in 60 coastal municipalities in the French Antilles
Ayllon, Edgar Fernando Aliaga. "O transistor válvula de spin de AlGaAs/GaAs e outros semicondutores: dirigido a novos dispositivos spintrônicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-20102014-164755/.
Full textResults from magnetic transport studies made on quasi-three-dimensional electron systems are presented in this work. AlGaAs heterostructures grown on GaAs subtrates through molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) enable the existence of this type of systems by means of parabolic quantum wells (PQW) formation. This work was developed in two main parts. First, we studied magnetoresistence phenomena, such as Hall effect and Shubnikov-de Haas, on 1000 Å width PQWs. This permits to know the electronic concentration and mobility values of this type of samples, among other electrical properties. Then, self-consistent calculations gave an outline of the size and shape of the potentials, and gave the values for the energy levels and the electronic concentration on each occupied sub-band of the quantum well. Through Fourier transform analysis was also possible to obtain and confirm the electronic concentrations of the occupied sub-bands. In the second part of the work, we studied the effects of applying an external potential through a barrier gate to a 3000 Å width PQW sample in the presence of magnetic fields parallel and perpendicular to the sample surface. For a V g = 0, 55 V gate voltage, it was found that a potential barrier was formed even without charge depletion in the well. An idealization for the spin valve transistor device, based on the fact that applying a gate potential spatially dislocates the electrons and changes their spin orientation, is presented.
Muller, Vinicius. "Eletrofiação de nanofibras de fibroína da seda como dispositivos adsorventes para microextração em fase sólida." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1847.
Full textElectrospinning technique was applied in the covering of fused silica fibers by regenerated silk fibroin nanofibers (RSF). The parameters of electrospinning process were evaluated through factorial experimental design 22. This study showed the variables flow of solution and capillary-collector distance were statistically significant in the medium diameter response. The model obtained was validated through variance analysis (ANOVA) and response surface methodology. The material was used at solid phase micro extraction (SPME) in the extraction of samples containing a small chain alcohol, applied at gas chromatography (GC). The recovered device was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and thermal analysis (DSC and TGA). The RSF nanofibers covered fibers were morphologic evaluated through scanning electronic spectroscopy (MEV). The results of MEV showed that was possible to obtain fibers in nanoscale, medium diameter around 304 ± 46 nm. The fibers were also submitted to simulated thermal treatment (100°C to 250°C). There was no fusion between the fibers until 250°C (4 hours of treatment), and a little structural damage. The thermal analysis of FRS and covered FRS nanofibers device showed that the electrospun material maintained the thermal stability, with loss due thermal degradation from 250°C. The GC assay demonstrated the standard SPME covered device didn´t interfere on the suggested method to the alcohol isopropyl analysis (AIS). The times of extraction and desorption were optimized in 20 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively. The methodology was evaluated about linearity and specificity. In the concentration between 10 to 500 ppm of AIS, the method was linear, with R2= 0,9927 and selective, with high resolution between peaks of methanol, AIS and ethyl acetate. Electrospinning process of RSF as covering device showed great potential to use in SPME due its high surface area, thermal stability and easiness process, as well as potential to application in extraction of alcohols and GC analysis.
A técnica de eletrofiação foi aplicada no revestimento de fibras de sílica fundida por nanofibras de fibroína de seda regenerada (FSR). Os parâmetros do processo de eletrofiação foram avaliados por meio de delineamento experimental fatorial 2². Este estudo mostrou que as variáveis vazão da solução e distância entre capilar-coletor foram estatisticamente significativas na resposta diâmetro médio. O modelo obtido foi validado através da análise de variância (ANOVA) e metodologia de superfície de resposta. O material foi empregado em Microextração em Fase Sólida (Solid Phase Microextraction SPME ) na extração de amostras contendo um álcool de cadeia pequena, aplicado em cromatografia gasosa (CG). O dispositivo recoberto foi caracterizado por meio de espectroscopia na região do infravermelho (FTIR-ATR) e análises térmicas (DSC e TGA). As fibras recobertas com nanofibras de FSR foram avaliadas morfologicamente através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Por meio dos resultados das análises de MEV, observou-se que foi possível obter fibras em escala nanométrica, com diâmetro médio em torno de 304 ± 46 nm. As fibras também foram submetidas a tratamento térmico em forno (100°C a 250°C). Não houve fusão das fibras até 250°C (até 4 h de tratamento), e poucos danos estruturais. As análises térmicas da FSR e do dispositivo recoberto com as nanofibras de FSR mostraram que o material eletrofiado manteve a estabilidade térmica, com perda por degradação térmica a partir de 250 °C. Os ensaios em CG demonstraram que o branco com o dispositivo de SPME recoberto não interferiu no método proposto para a análise de álcool isopropílico (AIS). Os tempos de extração e dessorção do analito foram otimizados em 20 min e 10 min, respectivamente. A metodologia foi avaliada quanto à linearidade e especificidade. Na faixa de concentração de 10 a 500 ppm de AIS, o método foi linear, com R=0,9927 e seletivo, apresentando alta resolução entre os picos de metanol, AIS e acetato de etila. O processo de eletrofiação da FSR como recobrimento do dispositivo mostrou grande potencial para emprego em SPME devido a sua grande área superficial, estabilidade térmica e facilidade no processo, bem como potencial para aplicação em extração de alcoóis e análise em CG.
Seguin, Laura. "Les apprentissages de la participation. Regards croisés sur un dispositif institué et une mobilisation contestataire." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR1804/document.
Full textCitizenship has been making a strong resurgence in the environmental field, visible both in institutionalised procedures intended to include all citizens in decision-making, and in protest movements or resistance to some planning projects or land uses. For those who take part - citizens, members of associations, policy makers and public policy professionals -, these two kinds of participatory experiences represent significant spaces for political learning. Through the exploration of an institutionalised procedure for public participation (a citizens’ conference on water management) and a protest movement (against shale gas), this work identifies what actors learn on the one hand, and the learning methods on the other. The ethnographic survey and the use of educational sciences constitute the originality of this research which describes and analyses experiments in political learning, education to conflict as well as participation
Pergher, Alexandro Patrik. "Plataforma para coleta e visualização de dados agrícolas georreferenciados em ambiente web e mobile." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2015. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/251.
Full textInformation Systems can improve workflow, speed and security of processes. In the academic area, although new discoveries are always researchers purposes, some processes are established and are not submitted to severe changes throughout time. The data collection follows a given standard, where the collection points and variables are defined then the procedure is executed, recording variable values on each sample. Tools which automate this process are not popular. In cases concerning data where the occurrence place is crucial, the available systems are scarcer. This information is characterized as georeferenced structures, with known coordinates, in some reference system. So, new technologies of information and communication applied in this study resulted in a software that share and present accordingly the field research data, in order to help the Topography and Geoprocessing Lab (GeoLab) researchers of Western Paraná State University, campus, Cascavel, in their agricultural activities. The research of Topography and Geoprocessing Lab has improved the agriculture on Western Paraná. In order to contribute for new progresses in this field, that has Brazilian GDP relevance, some interviews with researchers of GeoLab was done. Thus, aiming at contributing with more relevant breakthroughs for Brazilian GDP and for this area, interviews were conducted with researchers at the lab, examining documents and spreadsheets used for data collection, and a flexible data model was created to meet the numerical data, alphanumeric, temporal, spatial and logical storage. Thus, during the solution development, Java 8 platform, PostgreSQL 9.4 relational database, PostGIS 2.1 extension, and some UML artifacts for documentation were used as well as some UML artifacts for documentation.
Sistemas de informação podem auxiliar na melhoria do fluxo, velocidade e segurança de processos. No meio acadêmico, embora buscam-se sempre novas descobertas, alguns processos são estabelecidos e não sofrem severas mudanças durante o tempo. A coleta de dados para pesquisas segue determinado padrão, onde são estabelecidos os pontos de coleta, as variáveis, e procede-se a coleta com a anotação dos valores das variáveis em cada uma das amostras. Ferramentas que automatizam tal processo não são populares. Ainda, quando se tratam de dados onde o local de ocorrência é informação determinante, os sistemas disponíveis são mais escassos. Esse tipo de informação caracteriza-se por ser georreferenciada, com coordenadas conhecidas, em um sistema de referência. Portanto, as tecnologias de informação e comunicação usadas nesse estudo resultaram em um software que permite o compartilhamento e a apresentação dos dados das pesquisas de campo, com o intuito de auxiliar os pesquisadores do Laboratório de Geoprocessamento da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, campus Cascavel no desempenho das atividades em coletas de dados agrícolas. As pesquisas do Laboratório de Topografia e Geoprocessamento auxiliam a evolução da agricultura na região Oeste do Paraná. Assim, com o intuito de contribuir com mais avanços relevantes para o PIB brasileiro e para essa área, foram realizadas entrevistas com os pesquisadores do laboratório, análise de documentos e planilhas utilizadas na coleta de dados, criação de um modelo de dados flexível que atenda ao armazenamento de dados numéricos, alfanuméricos, temporais, lógicos e espaciais. No desenvolvimento da aplicação, foram utilizados a linguagem de programação Java 8, o banco de dados relacional PostgreSQL 9.4 e sua extensão PostGIS 2.1 bem como alguns artefatos da UML para documentação
Angelini, Ares. "Misura UHF (Ultra High Frequency) delle scariche parziali nei sistemi isolati a gas: metodologie per la verifica della sensibilità di misura." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11619/.
Full textAnki, Fatiha. "Etude et analyse de deux dispositifs industriels de traitement d'effluents gazeux acide par voie semi-humide et étude d'un procédé d'élimination du mercure gazeux par adsorption sur charbon actif." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL057N.
Full textProvost, Marion. "Intégration de couches hybrides de base sol-gel dans les architectures de passivation de dispositifs OLED." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT056.
Full textDue of the ongoing growth of smartphones and TVs displays markets, the application of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) technology for displays has become a major center of interest. The materials and substrates used in such architectures allow to develop lightweight, compact and even foldable displays, demonstrating an excellent image quality and fast refresh rates. Currently, the technological drawbacks restricting the exploitation on industrial scale mainly concern the lifespan of the devices. First, materials used in OLED architecture are highly sensitive to moisture and oxygen ingress and require a high barrier encapsulation. In addition, a specific protection needs to be included to secure the device from mechanical failures. As so various options from glass lids to flexible barriers are likely to be considered depending on the intended use. This work deals with the production of OLED microdisplays deposited on silicon substrates, and aims to develop an alternative packaging solution, based on organic-inorganic nanocomposite layers, both on top and embedded into the multi-barrier passivation architecture previously developed at the CEA-LETI. Synergistic properties can be obtained from composite materials, enhancing the advantages of both the organic (flexibility, processability) and inorganic phase (barrier properties, mechanical and chemical resistance). As a high control on the morphology in required, the sol-gel process was therefore selected for its versatility. Several composite materials were designed. One selected formulation, based on silica nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix, proved to be fully compatible with the monolithic encapsulation of OLED circuits, including, among other properties, the recovery of the electrical bonding. Passivation architectures using the composite as interface layer showed improved barrier properties as well as an enhanced durability of devices stored in warm and damp environment. Obviously, a thin hard-coat layer does not equal a glass lid in terms of mechanical resistance, yet our formulation provided a sufficient protection during the overall process and handling of the displays. The main advantages of this alternative packaging rely on the reduced thickness, increasing the contrast by minimizing the loss of luminous efficacy through guided mode and offering the prospect of flexible substrate manufacturing
Farhaoui, Amira. "Les oxynitrures de silicium déposés par pulvérisation en gaz réactif pulsé pour des dispositifs antireflets à gradient d'indice de réfraction." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22711/document.
Full textAntireflective systems (ARS) are of great importance for photovoltaic (PV) cells, especially those of second generation based on thin layers. In this work, we have been looking for achieving an ARS not only efficient but also meeting the criteria of the PV industry in terms of production cost and ease of implementation. For this, we particularly studied the deposition of silicon oxynitrides (SiOxNy), as the base materials of these devices. Films were deposited by cathodic reactive radiofrequency sputtering with a magnetron effect. We desired to study not only the deposition process, the obtained materials but also the realization of functional devices. We firstly presented two routes of SiOxNy thin films deposition: by the Conventional Process (CP) where the reactive gases are not pulsed, and by the Reactive Gas Pulsing Process (RGPP). We also combined an experimental study by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (SEO) and process modeling to better understand the reactive gases interactions with the target and their effect on the process. Simultaneously, films depositions were realized to check the potential of each technique to obtain a wide range of silicon oxinitrides composition.Then, we studied the effect of pulse parameters with the RGPP on the structure and also on the optical and electrical properties of SiOxNy thin films. We aimed here to confirm the link between structure and refractive indices for these films. Finally, to achieve a functional AR device, AR systems were firstly simulated with an electromagnetic calculation program and optimized using a genetic algorithm. The optimized systems were then deposited and characterized. An average reflectivity (between 400 and 900 nm) less than 5% was thus reached
Du, Yu. "Etude et développement de matériaux micro/nano structurés pour l’ingénierie des bandes interdites dans les dispositifs électro-acoustiques à ondes de surface." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0020/document.
Full textThis work concerns the study of micro/nano structured materials for the engineering of band structures in the field of elastic waves. We were interested in particular to the integration of these materials in electro-acoustic devices and the study of the interaction with the surface acoustic waves.The approach is to carry out the simulation using the finite element method to calculate the band structures and the transmission spectra. We studied the effect of geometrical and elastic parameters of micro-pillars on acoustic branches representing surface modes. Then we discussed the effect of the symmetry of the arrangement on the polarization of the surface modes. We also investigated the effect of the symmetry on the sensitivity of surface modes with the variation of temperature.Experimentally, we have developed interdigital transducers on a piezoelectric substrate of LiNbO3. We have fabricated various phononic crystals composed of nickel micro-pillars, obtained by electrodeposition. The transmission spectra were measured by a network analyzer and compared with the theoretical results.Besides the phononic crystals based on nickel pillars, some other periodic micro/nano structures were also involved in this work, such as two dimensional materials based on self-assembled magnetic nanoparticles and nickel nanowires electroplated through nano-porous alumina membranes
Camsonne, A. "Dispositif expérimental pour la diffusion Compton virtuelle dans le régime profondément inélastique dans le Hall A au Jefferson Laboratory." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683591.
Full textJunior, Osmar Antunes. "Novos dispositivos de microextração e pré-concentração para eletroforese capilar utilizando membranas microporosas ou processos eletroquímicos e sua potencialidade na análise de aminas e metais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-16122008-162344/.
Full textCapillary electrophoresis (CE) is an efficient separation technique that evolved rapidly in the last couple of decades, now offering complementary or alternative analytical solutions to liquid chromatography for an expanding number of application fields including drugs, biological and biogenic compounds. Some comparative advantages of CE are faster separation, very low consumption of buffer solutions and samples (and organic solvents, if any), lower maintenance and operational costs. However, the quantification of a few nanoliters of analyte in a capillary, as a rule, compromises the detection limits attainable by HPLC, a shortcomming in trace analysis, suplantable by extraction/preconcentration of the analytes from the sample. The combination of electrochemical preconcentration (ECPC) with CE is first proposed in this thesis and tested with metal ions. New devices for liquid/gas/liquid extraction based on microporous filaments filled with a collector solution were proposed and applied to the analysis of volatile amines, The detector of choice was the C4D (capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection) and CE-C4D working conditions were defined for the separation and determination of: i) 16 amines (methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, propylamine, n-butylamine, s-butylamine, t-butylamine, hexilamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, DMAE, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4- diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane and 1,6-diaminohexane) plus ammonium, ii) nine metallic ions (Tl+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cr3+ Zn2+, Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+ e Ni2+). A complete method of analysis for Dimethyl-amino-ethanol (DMAE) in cosmetic formulations was established and validated. Liquid/gas/liquid extraction studies were based on the use of a polypropylene microporous filment (Oxyphan® ) filled with the collection solution. A closed cell was devised in which an Oxyphan® coil is installed beneath the cap and volatilization of sample components can be promoted by heating (pervaporation) or addition of a reactant. The device was successfully tested with fish samples by the detection of primary low molecular weight biogenic amines, a procedure of special interest in fast checking of fish or other foods for decomposition. A microvolumetric version of the liquid/gas/liquid extractor was created with an Oxyphan® hollow fiber mounted concentrically inside a silica capillary. A flow system comprising the micropumps, solenoid valves and the microextrator was designed, automatically operated under software control (Labview). This FIA-CE system was tested by the extraction/enrichment of volatile amines in the collecting solution (13 µL) followed by accurate displacement to the interface with the CE capillary by the micropumps. Pioneering work with ECPC-FIA-CE-C4D an all-electrochemical system was conducted in this thesis aiming expanded detection limits and matrix effect reduction. An electrochemical cell for the interface with FIA-CE system was built in acrylic using gold electrodes made from gold-sputtered CD-Rs. A microfluidic version of the cell interfaced with the CE capillary was also conceived. The full system was evaluated by using Cu2+ as a model specie; an increase in analytical signal was observed as a function of the cathodic deposition time before stripping. For a mixture of Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ in a high saline media, elimination of the matrix interference by medium exchange before stripping was demonstrated. Initial favorable evaluations show that the devices and systems proposed in 12 the thesis have the potential to engender further research of methods and applications as well as miniaturization and automation of procedures.
Yoshikawa, Eduardo Kunio Chinone. "Eletro-síntese de novos poli(p-fenileno-vinileno)s e estudo de sua aplicação potencial em dispositivos opto-eletrônicos e narizes eletrônicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46135/tde-04122014-111850/.
Full textIn this thesis we describe the electrosynthesis of seven difterent poly(p-phenilenevinylene)s, PPVs, bearing long and short, electron donating and withdrawing side groups. These polymers are aimed for our recent interest in gas sensors based on conducting polymers and their application in electronic noses. Five out of the seven polymers are novel materials, hence never described before. The polymers were characterized spectroscopically. Those with long side chain were also submitted to thermal analyses and size exclusion chromatography. Electrical measurements (I x V) in metal/polymer/metal sandwich devices led to the determination of the charge carrier mobility of one of the polymers. Gas sensors, having thin films of the synthesized polymers as active layers, have shown good selectivity towards several organic solvent vapors and water as well.
Maulion, Geoffrey. "Conception, fabrication et caractérisation de composants photoniques innovants appliqués à la détection de gaz." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS063/document.
Full textFor about a decade, gas detection has known a tremendous interest, due to several reasons: environmental issues, public health, people and building safety, etc... This trend, triggered a spectacular and sustainable need of gas detection means improvement and development, which has grown with both standards sophistication and scope extension. As a matter of fact, the number of research projects related to this particular topic increased: PEPS ANR project, begun in 2010, is one of them. This research project, which is the acronym of Pellet Photonique Sensor, aim at developing a photonic multigas detection system based on thermo-optical effect, thanks to the combination of on one hand, catalitic nanopowders which react selectively with the target gas (hydrogen or carbon monoxide) and on the other hand, an high sensitive to refractive index variations planar photonic component. This thesis manuscript mostly treats of the photonic component design (choice and optimization)
Ben, Youssef Ismaïl. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux polymères comportant un nombre contrôlé de sites basiques : application à la détection du dioxyde de soufre par des microcapteurs à onde acoustique de surface." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL043N/document.
Full textThis work aimed at developing new surface acoustic wave (SAW) microsensors capable of detecting traces of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) through a sensitive layer based on a functional polymer. An original family of five polyurethaneimide (PUI) block copolymers containing a controlled number of tertiary amine sites with different chemical structures was synthesized and characterized. These materials exhibited original properties in solution and solid state, which were mainly due to the presence of the basic sites and the block structure combining polyether soft blocks and partially fluorinated hard blocks. Their excellent film-forming character allowed their application as SO₂ sensitive layers on SAW microsensors. Two bi-layer and three-layer structures of Love wave microsensors were developed by respecting the conditions of the Love wave generation. The bi-layer structure included the Quartz ST-90° as the piezoelectric substrate and one of the PUIs acting as both guiding and sensitive layer. This structure generated the Love wave but its high sensitivity to temperature was a major drawback for gas sensors. The addition of a ZnO guiding layer in a three-layer structure led to a microsensor almost insensitive to temperature and thus compatible with the targeted application. The experimental results for SO₂ detection showed that all the PUIs contributed to improve the sensitivity compared to the device without polymer layer. The presence of tertiary amine sites led to a significant improvement in gas sensitivity which was not only governed by their basicity but also by their steric hindrance which played a determining role
Lo, Chia-Hao. "Control of Pore Structure in Plasma-Polymerized SiOCH Films for Gas Separation." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20045.
Full textIn gas separation, the fabrication of composite membranes consisting of a permselective thin top layer with high cross-linking structures and a porous substrate has been regarded as a solution for improving gas permeability and simultaneously retaining high selectivity. A plasma-polymerized SiOCH film has been known as an appropriate gas separation membrane because it possesses a dense structure, the crosslinking degree of which could be controlled by adjusting plasma parameters such as plasma power, monomer flow rate, and system pressure. However, the pore size and distribution in SiOCH films, especially in the region of depth profile, are difficult to measure by conventional techniques because of they are very thin.This thesis is concerned with the control of pore structure in a plasma-polymerized SiOCH film on a polymeric substrate by using an organosilicon source. The positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) coupled to the slow positron beam technique was used to identify the microstructure of SiOCH films as a function of depth. This step required to have a good understanding of the positron annihilation characteristics of different materials such as organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials. Depending on plasma frequency adjustments, SiOCH films with a flat and a superhydrophobic (SHP) surface were fabricated at 13.56 MHz and 40 kHz, respectively. For a flat SiOCH film, substrate type, chemical structure of precursor, and RF power were the major variables that influenced the pore structure. When SiOCH films composed of two layers (bulk and transitions layers) were deposited on porous substrates, they displayed a long transition layer based on the PAS analysis and possessed a high gas permeability due to the surface porosity of the substrate. When the precursor used possessed a cyclic ring structure, an opportunity of a break-up of the cyclic ring would increase with increasing RF power and then induce formation of new big pores. For the preparation of SHP films, when the total pressure was higher than 0.6 mbar, the gas nucleation reaction was enhanced to induce roughness on SiOCH films, and it would show a high WCA of over 160o and a low WCAH of only 2 degrees. Both the hydrocarbon preservation and microstructure were the main factors in improving the surface superhydrophobicity of SiOCH films
Magalhães, Filipe Bento. "Capacitor MOS aplicado em sensor de imagem química." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-06072014-230841/.
Full textThe development of sensors and systems for environmental control has been shown to be an area of high scientific and technical interest. The main challenges in this area are related to the development of sensors capable of detecting many different substances. In this context, the MOS devices present themselves as versatile devices for chemical imaging with potential for detection and classification of different substances only using one single sensor. In the present work, was proposed a MOS sensor with a wing-vane geometric profile of its gate constituted of Pd, Au and Pt metals. The sensor\'s response showed to have high sensitivity to molecules rich on H atoms, such as H2 and NH3 gases. Capacitance measurements showed that the sensor has a nonlinear response for H2 and NH3 obeying the Langmuir isotherm law. The MOS sensor proved to be efficient in Chemical Imaging generation through the scanned light pulse technique. The chemical images of the H2 and NH3 gases showed different patterns when the N2 was used as carrier gas. The different patterns responses happened mainly due to geometric profile of the metallic gate. The sensor sensitivity showed dependence on the bias potential. In the capacitance measures, greater sensitivity was observed for potential near the flat-band voltage. In the chemical images, the greater sensitivity was observed for bias potential within depletion region. The sensor sensitivity was also dependent on the carrier gas. The sensor showed to be more sensitive with N2 as carrier gas than to dry air. However the desorption process of H+ have been more efficient in dry air. The results obtained in the present work suggest the possibility of manufacturing an optoelectronic nose using only a single MOS sensor.
Chevalier, Caroline. "Caractérisation du comportement mécanique longitudinale d'un fil de para-aramide en sollicitation dynamique." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0030/document.
Full textThis work aims at studying the mechanical behavior of a para-aramid yarn in dynamic and longitudinal load. To that end, we designed a new experimental device to achieve these tests with the use of a gas gun: the Tensile Impact Test for Yarn (TITY). This device met numerous modifications in the aim to reach optimal test conditions. It is associated with a measurement device using laser and allowing obtaining the velocity profile of the projectile and the Strength-Strain characteristic curves of the tested yarn. The validity of the measure is confirmed by comparing our results with those obtained with a laser Doppler vélocimètre, device allowing measuring directly and precisely the velocity profile of the projectile. Many test campaigns are performed. Both in the aim to identify the dynamic parameters of a single and virgin yarn, and in the aim to characterize the impact of the fabric structural arrangement on the dynamic behavior of a yarn. This study reveals the intervention of three main structural parameters, which are the total inter-yarns contact surface, the number of binding points and the transvers and lateral inter-yarns pressures, having an impact on four main yarn break criteria, which are the structural defects and hysteresis phenomena inside the filament, stress concentrations and frictional forces concerning the interactions between the tested yarn and the rest of the fabric
Parment, Frédéric. "Guides d’onde Intégrés au Substrat (SIW) multicouches à haute performance pour des circuits millimétriques à faible coût." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT077/document.
Full textThe substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, introduced in the early 2000s, has presently trigged a huge interest from academia to industry with the focus on the design and development of low-loss, compact, integrated, self-packaged and low-cost microwave and millimeter-wave circuits, antennas and systems. However, the classical metallic waveguide technology, which offers better performances such as lower insertion loss and higher power handling, has still been used in the design of microwave and millimeter-wave systems, despite its higher cost and bulky structure. To offer a highly integrated, further loss-reduced, low-cost alternative to the conventional waveguide and also to allow a wide-spread use of the millimeter-wave spectrum, this thesis research introduces a new SIW structure called Air-Filled SIW (AFSIW). This new structure has been theoretically and experimentally studied in details with a substantial amount of results. At millimeter wave frequencies, compared to the SIW topologies, the proposed AFSIW scheme exhibits a substantially lower insertion loss (three times, for example) and a much higher average power handling capability (four times, for example). Numerous AFSIW passive components have been investigated designed and demonstrated, which take advantages of the well-established multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) fabrication process. Couplers, phase shifters, power dividers, antennas and filters have been modeled, designed, prototyped and measured based on the introduced technology. Their performances have theoretically and experimentally been compared with their SIW counterparts to demonstrate and validate the benefits of the proposed technology
Bongiovanni, Alessandro. "Etude des effets promoteurs dans les réactions catalytiques de dépollution par l'argent et l'or." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210682.
Full textLors de ce travail nous nous sommes intéressés à ces sujets. Tout d'abord, nous avons étudié l'effet du SO2 sur la réduction catalytique sélective des NOx sur des catalyseurs Ag/Al2O3 dans les conditions des moteurs Diesel. Le dioxyde de soufre est reconnu comme un poison de catalyseurs. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié un effet promoteur du SO2. Les catalyseurs qui ont fait l’objet de ce travail ont été préparés au laboratoire. Nous avons fait varier différents paramètres tels que la température, la nature de l'hydrocarbure ou encore la concentration de SO2 afin de mieux cerner cet effet promoteur. Nous avons mis en évidence que cet effet promoteur est observable lorsque le propène est utilisé comme réducteur, alors qu'avec le propane il s'agit plutôt d'un effet négatif du SO2.
Le deuxième sujet étudié dans ce travail est l'oxydation du CO sur des catalyseurs Au/TiO2, soit préparés au laboratoire, soit fournis comme référence du World Gold Council. Ces catalyseurs offrent l’avantage de pouvoir oxyder le CO à basse température, ce qui pourrait résoudre le problème de la pollution liée au démarrage à froid des automobiles. Ces catalyseurs subissent une désactivation que nous avons analysée par spectroscopie infrarouge (DRIFT et FTIR). Une étude XPS-SIMS de catalyseurs ayant des activités différentes nous a permis de mettre en évidence des concentrations de sodium différentes sur ces catalyseurs. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés à l'influence du potassium. Pour mettre en évidence l'influence de celui-ci sur l'activité catalytique, des catalyseurs Au/TiO2 furent préparés en absence stricte d'alcalins et d'alcalino-terreux pour ajouter par après, de manière contrôlée, les quantités souhaitées de potassium. La composition des catalyseurs préparés fut contrôlée par XPS-SIMS. Il s'avère que la présence de potassium permet d'accroître l'activité catalytique, néanmoins il semble y avoir une concentration optimale de potassium qui varie en fonction de la composition/morphologie du catalyseur Au/TiO2 au départ, c'est-à-dire sans modification par ajout de potassium.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gaudillat, Pierre. "Développement de capteurs conductimétriques pour le suivi de l'ammoniac en atmosphère humide." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS035.
Full textThe aim of this study was to obtain a low cost sensor, working at room temperature, capable to obtain an information about the ammonia concentration without any information about the humidity. These characteristics imply a very low sensitivity to humidity and a low cross sensitivity between humidity and ammonia.After a study on material processing of hydrophilic films using water as solvent, a sensors has been developed by using layer by layer assembly of polyelectrolytes, such as polyaniline and the tetrasulfonated copper phthalocyanine: PANI/TsCuPc. This sensor is able to detect sub ppm ammonia concentration, with a very low cross sensitivity between ammonia and water which allow ammonia sensing without any information about the humidity.New devices based on a patented transduction method were studied: the MSDIs heterojunctions (Molecular Semiconductor-Doped Insulator). This kind of device is prepared with two different layers, a sub layer of an n-type insulator, F16CuPc or PTCDA, and an upper layer of a p-type semiconductor, LuPc2. The importance of the junction between both materials and between the sub layer and the electrodes were studied by using ammonia exposure on a large humidity range. They exhibit a very low sensitivity to humidity and allow sub ppm ammonia sensing whatever the humidity is.A specific workbench has been developed and tested in the laboratory, to follow cheese ripening by using CoPc gas sensors and gas chromatography. These measurements showed readiness to the use of the kind of gas sensors for the follow up of dairy products
Quezada, Maxwell Josias. "Hydrogénation catalytique de CO₂ en méthanol en lit fixe sous chauffage conventionnel et sous plasma à DBD ZSM-5 surface modification by plasma for catalytic activity improvement in the gas phase methanol-to-dimethylether reaction." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMIR12.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to the optimisation of the production of methanol by hydrogenation of CO₂ by synthesising new catalysts in the form of extrudates for industrial use. In this regard, six Cu-ZnO based catalysts supported on alumina and ZSM-5 were prepared and tested. At 36 bar and under conventional heating, the CuZnO/Al₂O₃ showed the best methanol yield. An industrial process based on this catalyst has been proposed and optimised. The influence of extracting water and methanol from the reaction medium using two reactors in series instead of one was investigated and it was found to increase methanol yield considerably. Tests at atmospheric pressure and under DBD plasma showed that the Cu/Al₂O₃ gives better CO₂ conversions, while the CuZnO/ZSM-5 showed better methanol yields. This was attributed to the ionic conductivity and the dielectric constant of the catalysts
Chopard, Fabrice. "Etude de la distribution d'un écoulement diphasique et de la condensation d'un fluide réfrigérant dans une conduite à section rectangulaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX11059.
Full textZhang, Kai. "Mechatronic design under uncertainties." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985744.
Full textBoumaraf, Latra. "Etude des réactions chimiques dans les ammoniacates solides : application du système BaCl2/NH3 à la réfrigération solaire." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0026.
Full textDidriche, Keevin. "High resolution infrared spectroscopy: setting up an experiment to investigate small clusters." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210437.
Full textThe study of this subject however suffers from the lack of basic experimental data. The goal is therefore to produce clusters in the laboratory in concentration large enough to record their high resolution spectrum. This is the initial aim of the present thesis.
During this work, we have built and extensively tested a new experimental set-up called FANTASIO (``Fourier trANsform, Tunable diode and quadrupole mAss spectrometers interfaced to a Supersonic expansIOn'). With the help of this new device, various experiments on jet-cooled species have been performed.
The cartography of the supersonic expansion was established, using the mass spectrometer as a moving pressure probe. This enabled us to characterize the geometrical properties of the supersonic jet produced by circular and slit nozzles and to determine the position of the virtual nozzle. The effect of the axisymmetric expansion geometry on the R(0) lineshape in the nu_3 band of N_2O, recorded by FTIR, was also investigated.
The rotational temperature of the jet-cooled molecules was determined to be a few K by measuring the intensity of lines in spectra recorded by FTIR spectroscopy.
Vibrational energy transfer occuring in the expansion between N_2O molecules and different collision partners was investigated on the nu_2+nu_3-nu_2 band of N_2O, again using FTIR spectroscopy. The trend of these transfers was found to be related to the energy difference between the v_2=1 level of N_2O and the closest vibrational state in the collision partner, with the largest population.
The sensitivity of the set-up was enhanced by a factor of 5 by increasing the absorption path length, using a multipass system. A procedure to remove the residual gas contribution from the IR spectra was developped, based on the mass spectrometer. Thanks to this sensitivity increase, broadband absorption features of clusters were observed for a C_2H_2-Ar mixture in circular and slit expansions.
The optical sensitivity of FANTASIO was again increased by the implementation of the CW-CRDS system. The enhancement over FTIR was calculated to be over a factor 750. Thanks to this drastic improvement, spectral signatures of various clusters were recorded, such as C_2H_2-Ar, C_2H_2 multimers, C_2H_2-N_2O and C_2H_2-CO_2, at high resolution.
The role of clustering in generating unusual line shapes of acetylene in an axisymmetric expansion was investigated. We demonstrated that C_2H_2 aggregates produced in the expansion are responsible for central dips observed in the monomer absorption. These acetylene clusters thus appear to be formed in the centre of the expansion, while, unexpectedly, acetylene-Ar complexes are formed at the edge of the conical expansion.
Various research prospects were explored during this thesis thanks to the FANTASIO device, opening new research directions. FANTASIO is today operational and defines a useful tool to achieve the study of small clusters by infrared spectroscopy./
Le rôle des agrégats dans les atmosphères planétaires et dans le milieu interstellaire est potentiellement important. Cependant, les études sur ce sujet souffrent du manque de données expérimentales. Le but de cette thèse était de développer un dispositif expérimental efficace pour produire au laboratoire des agrégats en quantité suffisante pour permettre l'enregistrement de leur spectre infrarouge à haute résolution et donc l'étude de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques.
Durant ce travail, nous avons construit et testé un nouveau dispositif expérimental appelé FANTASIO, basé sur un jet supersonique couplé à un spectromètre de masse, un spectromètre à transformée de Fourier et un système CRDS. Grâce à cet appareillage, différentes expériences sur des molécules à basse température ont été menées.
L'expansion supersonique a été cartographiée en utilisant le spectromètre de masse comme une sonde de pression mobile. Cette cartographie nous a permis d'établir les propriétés géométriques des jets supersoniques produits par les orifices circulaire et de type fente, et de déterminer la position de l'orifice virtuel. L'effet de la géométrie de l'expansion sphérique sur le profil de la raie R(0) de la bande nu_3 de N_2O, enregistré par FTIR, a aussi été étudié.
Une température rotationnelle de quelques K a été déterminée pour les molécules refroidies en jet supersonique par mesure de la distribution d'intensité de raies dans les spectres enregistrés par FTIR.
Le transfert d'énergie vibrationnelle entre des molécules de N_2O et différents partenaires collisionnels a été étudié en analysant l'intensité de la bande nu_2+nu_3-nu_2 de N_2O, enregistré également par spectroscopie FTIR. Il a été trouvé que la tendance de ces transferts est liée à la différence d'énergie entre le niveau v_2=1 de N_2O et l'état vibrationnel le plus proche et le plus peuplé du partenaire collisionnel.
La sensibilité du dispositif a été augmentée d'un facteur 5 dû à l'allongement du chemin d'absorption, grâce à l'utilisation d'un système multipassage. Une procédure basée sur l'utilisation du spectromètre de masse et visant à enlever la contribution du gaz chaud résiduel dans les spectres infrarouges a été mise au point. Grâce à cette augmentation de sensibilité, des structures d'absorption non résolues d'agrégats ont été observées dans des expansions en trou et en fente d'un mélange de C_2H_2-Ar.
La sensibilité optique de FANTASIO a encore été augmentée par l'ajout au dispositif d'un système CW-CRDS. L'amélioration par rapport au spectromètre à transformée de Fourier a été calculée comme étant supérieure à un facteur 750. Grâce à cette importante amélioration, les signatures spectrales de divers agrégats, tels que C_2H_2-Ar, des multimères de C_2H_2, C_2H_2-N_2O et C_2H_2-CO_2, ont été enregistrées à haute résolution.
Le rôle de l'agrégation dans la génération de profils de raie inhabituels dans une expansion en trou de l'acétylène a été étudié. Nous avons démontré que les agrégats de C_2H_2 produits dans le jet supersonique sont responsables des creux observés dans le profil d'absorption du monomère. Ces agrégats apparaissent donc comme étant formés au centre de l'expansion, tandis que, de manière inattendue, les agrégats de C_2H_2-Ar sont formés aux bords de l'expansion conique.
Plusieurs idées de recherche ont été explorées durant cette thèse grâce au dispositif FANTASIO, ouvrant de nouvelles directions de recherche. FANTASIO est aujourd'hui opérationnel et se présente comme un outil utile dans l'étude des petits agrégats par spectroscopie infrarouge.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Aguiar, Hugo Miguel Baltazar. "Visualização em dispositivos móveis." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/5081.
Full textA crescente utilização em ambiente móvel de ferramentas de computação e de comunicação, bem como, o surgimento de modelos equipados com câmara digital e sensores de posição e de orientação proporcionam o desenvolvimento de novas formas de interacção e pesquisa de informação. A possibilidade de determinar a orientação através da bússola de um dispositivo é bastante importante no contexto de location-awareness, pois permite gerar uma maneira mais eficiente de navegar e de encontrar a informação desejada. Este facto cria um novo paradigma nas aplicações de dispositivos móveis, uma vez que os dispositivos podem ser usados como ponteiros virtuais, permitindo ao utilizador aceder à informação geo-referenciada apenas apontando para o objecto que está a observar. Neste trabalho apresenta-se um sistema que permite explorar novas técnicas de pesquisa de informação geo-referenciada através do uso de um dispositivo móvel. Recorrendo à utilização de sensores de localização e orientação obtém-se informação sobre pontos de interesse seleccionados de acordo com a sua localização relativamente à posição do utilizador. Desenvolveu-se uma interface para a pesquisa de pontos de interesse com o intuito de ser integrável com a aplicação MoViSys, combinando: imagens captadas em tempo-real, a indicação da orientação do dispositivo e a representação de informação sobre pontos de interesse pesquisados de acordo com a direcção de observação e a distância ao utilizador.
The growing trend towards mobile devices computing tools and communication, with the emergence of models equipped with a digital camera and position and orientation sensors, provide the development of new forms of interaction and information search. The ability to determine the orientation through a compass of a device is very important in the context of location-awareness. It allows generating a more efficient way to navigate and find the desired information. This creates a new paradigm in mobile applications, as the device can act as a virtual pointer. This way users access to geo-referenced information just by pointing to the object they are observing. This document presents a system that explores new query techniques for geo-referenced information through the use of a mobile device. The query is performed taking advantage of location and orientation sensors. We developed an interface to be integrated with the application MoViSys. This interface allows searching for points of interest. It combines images captured in real time with indication of the device orientation and representation of information about points of interest located in the user’s vicinity and field of view.
Severino, Nuno Tiago. "Desenvolvimento de uma aplicação Context-Aware (LBS) para dispositivos móveis." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/5131.
Full textA tecnologia está cada vez mais presente no nosso dia-a-dia, e cada vez em mais larga escala, essa presença começa-se a notar também nas próprias cidades que cada vez mais respondem adequadamente a cada situação específica. Esta tecnologia implementada nas cidades permite melhores respostas por parte das autoridades a ocorrências que se verifiquem nas ruas e acelerar todo o processo de resposta criando-se assim as cidades inteligentes. Estas funcionalidades vão desde controlo de trânsito até gestão de imobiliário, e as vantagens provenientes são muitas. A principal função da ferramenta em estudo é simplificar as tarefas diárias dos seus cidadãos através do conceito de computação ubíqua. O trânsito, por exemplo, é uma área onde a tecnologia pode ser muito útil, e para a informação estar sempre disponível aos utilizadores é necessário usar dispositivos móveis. O objetivo é informar o utilizador, em função da sua localização, que o utilizador reporte situações anómalas na cidade como lixo por recolher, árvores caídas, transito congestionado, entre outras, tudo apenas numa aplicação sintonizada num projeto de Cidade Inteligente. Culminando assim numa aplicação Android onde o utilizador consegue aceder a toda esta informação, usando-a em seu favor para que a vida citadina seja simplificada e otimizada.
Technology is more and more present in our life having an increasing role, this presence begins to be noticed also in the cities themselves that increasingly respond adequately to each specific situation. This technology implemented in cities, allows better responses on the part of authorities to incidents which may occur in the streets and speed up the whole process of response thus creating smart cities. These features range from traffic control to real estate management, and the benefits derived are many. The main function of the tool developed in this study is to simplify the daily tasks of its citizens through the use of the ubiquitous computing concept. Traffic, for example, is an area where technology can be very useful. For information to be always available to users, it is necessary to use mobile devices. The aim of the application is to inform the user about the city parameters, like transit flow or breakdowns in street lights etc., depending on its location, allow the user to report abnormal situations in the city such as garbage uncollected, fallen trees, traffic congestion, among others, all in an application tuned to a Smart City project. Culminating in an Android application with witch the user can access all these information using it for his/her needs, so that city life is simplified and optimized.
Serra, Sérgio Filipe Fernandes. "Acesso multimodal a vídeos georreferenciados através da forma, velocidade e tempo em dispositivos móveis." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/16046.
Full textUm volume crescente de vídeo digital é acedido, capturado e publicado diariamente na Web, a partir de diferentes plataformas e dispositivos, que cada vez mais podem georreferenciar a informação que capturam e acedem, permitindo enriquecer a sua contextualização. No entanto, a procura de vídeo tem sido limitada a palavras-chave ou a conjuntos de parâmetros, dando um suporte limitado às dimensões espacial e temporal. Os dispositivos móveis são atualmente usados de forma generalizada e estão cada vez mais a incorporar um amplo conjunto de sensores e actuadores com o potencial de capturar e apresentar vídeo em 360º e os seus metadados, tendo a capacidade de suportar experiências de utilizador mais poderosas e imersivas com vídeo. Propomos formas inovadoras de procurar, navegar e visualizar vídeo, tirando partido do potencial dos sensores e interfaces móveis nas dimensões espacial e temporal. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no contexto do projeto de investigação ImTV, e explora modalidades inovadoras para procurar e aceder a vídeos georeferenciados, onde as dimensões espacio-temporais são de importância central, especialmente através da forma e velocidade das trajectórias dos vídeos, e do tempo, usando interfaces multimodais interativas em dispositivos móveis, envolvendo gestos e movimento, com o potencial de criar interacções mais naturais, um maior envolvimento, sensação de presença e imersão. A avaliação baseou-se em protótipos de baixa e alta fidelidade e teve resultados positivos. Os utilizadores consideraram a maioria das funcionalidades úteis, satisfatórias, por vezes divertidas, e fáceis de usar. As diferentes opções e modalidades foram consideradas interessantes e adequadas para diferentes cenários de uso que foram identificados e sugeridos. Alguns receios e desafios foram identificados e poderão ser levados em conta em futuros desenvolvimentos, em direcção a formas interativas de acesso a conteúdo mais flexíveis e eficazes, através de interacções mais naturais com dispositivos móveis, por si só ou como segundos ecrãs relativamente a ecrãs maiores numa TV ou em grandes superfícies em espaços públicos.
An increasing amount of digital video is accessed, captured, and uploaded to the Web everyday, from different platforms and devices, that increasingly can georeferenced the information they capture and access, allowing to enrich their contextualization. But video search has been limited to keywords, or a set of parameters, providing limited support for temporal and spatial dimensions. Mobile devices are commonly used and increasingly incorporating a wide range of sensors and actuators with the potential to capture and display 360º video and metadata, with the power to support more powerful and immersive video user experiences. We propose novel ways to search, navigate and visualize video leveraging the potential of mobile sensors and interfaces in temporal and spatial dimensions. This work was carried out in the context of the ImTV research project, and proposes novel ways to search and access georeferenced videos, where these dimensions are of central importance, especially by video trajectories shape and speed, and by time, using a multimodal interactive mobile interface, involving gestures and movement, with the potential for more natural interactions, increased engagement, sense of presence and immersion. The evaluation based on low and high-fidelity prototypes had positive results. Users found most features useful, satisfactory, sometimes fun, and easy to use. Different options and modalities were found interesting and adequate for different use scenarios that could be identified and suggested, and some concerns and challenges were identified to be taken into account in future developments, towards more flexible and effective interactive content access, through more natural interaction with mobile devices on their own or as second screens to a larger screen on TV or public displays.
Santos, Maria Inês Laranjeiro Gouveia. "Seabirds as biomonitors of metal contamination and environmental health in the North Atlantic." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/87815.
Full textA poluição química por metais é atualmente um problema nos ecossistemas marinhos e os organismos, expostos, podem acumular níveis altos de metais, provenientes de várias fontes antropogénicas. Altas concentrações induzem o stress oxidativo levando a danos fisiológicos que podem ser detetados com biomarcadores específicos. As aves marinhas são bons bioindicadores de qualidade ambiental, fornecendo informações sobre as relações tróficas e qualidade dos recursos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a qualidade ambiental do Atlântico Norte, em particular na costa portuguesa e áreas adjacentes, com ênfase na contaminação por metais, e (1) avaliar a contaminação em três espécies de aves marinhas nas respetivas áreas de alimentação, (2) relacionar a ecologia trófica com as concentrações de metais e (3) avaliar o stress oxidativo das aves de acordo com a ecologia trófica e contaminação.Os dados foram recolhidos durante a época de reprodução de 2017 nas Berlengas (costa oeste) e Ria Formosa (costa sul), Portugal.Foram colhidas amostras de sangue e penas de: 28 cagarras Calonectris borealis em dois períodos de reprodução (pré-postura e alimentação das crias) e duas sub-colónias da Ilha da Berlenga (Furado Seco e Melreu) separadas por 800 m; 27 gaivotas-de-patas-amarelas Larus michahellis em duas colónias (Ilhas da Berlenga e Deserta); e 13 gaivotas de Audouin Larus audouinii (Ilha da Deserta). Foi efetuada quantificação de metais (Al, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Hg, Se, Ag, Zn) por ICP-MS e avaliação do stress oxidativo usando os testes de danos no DNA, peroxidação lipídica, OXY e d-ROM. Análise de isótopos estáveis (SIA) e dispositivos GPS foram usados para relacionar a contaminação por metais e o stress oxidativo com o comportamento de alimentação das espécies (nicho trófico e uso de habitat).Os resultados revelaram uma clara segregação na contaminação entre as três espécies e entre colónias/sub-colónias. No geral, a gaivota de Audouin e a cagarra foram as espécies mais contaminadas para a maioria dos metais, provavelmente devido à sua dieta composta exclusivamente por peixe e outros recursos marinhos. Por outro lado, a gaivota-de-patas-amarelas apresentou menores níveis de contaminação para a maioria dos metais. Esta espécie alimenta-se regularmente de outras fontes de alimento terrestres para além de peixe, o que pode induzir a menores níveis de contaminação. Curiosamente, observaram-se diferenças significativas na contaminação entre duas sub-colónias de cagarras separadas por apenas 800 m, em alguns metais específicos. Os dados GPS mostram uma segregação espacial parcial entre sub-colónias, suportada por diferenças nos valores de δ13C nas células do sangue, o que pode explicar em parte as diferenças nos padrões de contaminação. No entanto, as aves do Furado Seco reproduzem-se dentro de uma caverna que pode estar exposta a níveis mais altos de alguns metais. Assim, a contaminação pode também estar relacionada com o habitat de reprodução e não apenas com a dieta. Em contraste, as gaivotas-de-patas-amarelas de colónias distantes não mostraram diferenças substanciais na maioria dos metais. No entanto, maiores níveis de Hg na Ilha da Deserta podem estar relacionados com o maior consumo de peixes demersais da pesca de arrasto, enquanto níveis mais altos de Mn e Ni na Ilha da Berlenga podem estar relacionados com o habitat de reprodução.Diferenças no stress oxidativo entre os períodos de reprodução das cagarras foram evidentes. Apesar de diferenças nos valores de δ13C e δ15N do plasma e células do sangue, não foi encontrada nenhuma relação entre os isótopos estáveis e biomarcadores. Estes resultados sugerem que níveis mais altos de stress durante a pré-postura podem estar relacionados com o papel reprodutor das aves. Nas gaivotas, registaram-se diferenças entre espécies e colónias no stress oxidativo, que se relacionaram com o uso de habitat, mas não com a contaminação. Níveis mais altos de stress nas gaivotas-de-patas-amarelas da Berlenga poderão estar relacionados com a exploração de habitats de alimentação mais diversos. Além disso, o controlo populacional de gaivotas-de-patas-amarelas na ilha da Berlenga durante o período de incubação, destruindo ovos, poderá levar a um aumento dos níveis de stress nestas aves. Este estudo sugere também que níveis mais baixos de stress oxidativo da gaivota de Audouin, em comparação com as gaivotas-de-patas-amarelas na Ilha Deserta, podem estar relacionados com a ecologia trófica, mas não com a contaminação.Este estudo permitiu avaliar a qualidade do ambiente no Atlântico Norte e na costa portuguesa. Os níveis de contaminação obtidos foram comparados com outros estudos após uma extensa revisão bibliográfica, mostrando uma maior vulnerabilidade ou exposição das espécies/colónias de estudo para alguns metais (Pb, Cr e Se). Futuros estudos podem ajudar a entender os padrões de distribuição destes contaminantes e respetivas interações tróficas na costa portuguesa
Metal pollution is currently a major issue in marine ecosystems, because organisms are exposed to increasing and accumulating levels from several anthropogenic sources. High concentrations of metals can disturb oxidative balance leading to physiological damages, which can be measured using specific biomarkers. Seabirds are suitable bioindicators of marine environmental health, providing valuable information on trophic relationships and quality of resources. This study aimed to assess environmental health status in the North Atlantic, with emphasis on metal contamination. The main objectives were to: (1) assess contamination in three seabird species within their distinct foraging areas, (2) relate their trophic ecology with respective metal concentrations, and (3) evaluate the oxidative stress of seabirds in relation to their trophic ecology and concentration of metals.Data were collected during the breeding season of 2017 in two distinct areas of Portugal (Berlengas in the west coast and Ria Formosa in the south coast). Blood and feathers were collected from: 28 Cory’s shearwaters Calonectris borealis in two breeding periods (pre-laying and chick-rearing) and two sub-colonies of Berlenga Island (Furado Seaco and Melreu) separated by only 800 m; 27 Yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis in two colonies (Berlenga and Deserta Islands); and 13 Audouin’s gulls Larus audouinii (only in Deserta Island). Metal quantification (Al, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn, Ni, Hg, Se, Ag, Zn) using ICP-MS and oxidative stress assessment using DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, OXY and d-ROM tests were performed. In addition, SIA and GPS data were used to link metal contamination and oxidative stress with the foraging behaviour of each species.Results revealed a clear segregation of metal contamination among the three species and between colonies/sub-colonies. Overall, Audouin’s gull and Cory’s shearwater were the most contaminated species for most metals, presumably because they rely mainly on fish and other marine resources. On the other hand, Yellow-legged gull showed lower contamination levels for most metals. This species feeds regularly on other food sources besides fish, including from terrestrial environments, which may buffer contamination levels. Interestingly, and unexpected, there were significant differences in metal contamination between the two adjacent sub-colonies of Cory’s shearwaters. There was a partial spatial segregation between sub-colonies, supported by differences in δ13C values in red blood cells, which may partly explain such differences in the contamination patterns. However, other potential explanations may be possible, such as the breeding habitat; birds from Furado Seco have their nests inside a long and muddy cave, which can be exposed to higher contamination levels. Thus, contamination might also be related with the breeding habitat itself and not only to foraging habitat. In contrast, Yellow-legged gulls from distant colonies did not show substantial differences in most metal concentrations. However, higher levels of Hg for birds breeding in Deserta could be related with their higher consumption of demersal fish from trawl fisheries, while higher levels of Mn and Ni in Berlenga Island individuals could be related with the respective breeding habitat.Oxidative stress parameters differed significantly between Cory’s shearwaters breeding periods. Despite differences in δ13C and δ15N of plasma and red blood cells, no relationships were found between stable isotopes and biomarkers, suggesting that higher stress levels during pre-laying could be related with intrinsic physiological factors of breeding duties, and not exclusively with birds’ foraging niche. Concerning gulls, differences in oxidative stress between species and colonies were related with birds’ foraging behaviour, but not with metal contamination. Higher stress levels in Yellow-legged gulls from Berlenga Island could probably be related with different exploited environments for foraging. Moreover, a population control of Yellow-legged gulls in Berlenga Island during the incubation period (i.e. egg destroying), may potentially lead to increased stress levels in these birds. This study also suggests that lower oxidative stress levels of Audouin’s gull in comparison with Yellow-legged gulls in Deserta Island, could be related with diet and trophic ecology, but not with metal contamination.This study allowed to assess environmental health in the North Atlantic, particularly along the Portuguese coast and adjacent areas. After comparing contamination levels with an extensive literature review, this study shows a greater vulnerability or exposure of these species/colonies for some specific metals (Pb, Cr and Se). Further studies would help to understand these contaminants’ distribution patterns in seabirds, because very few information exists for the Portuguese coast.
Matos, Diana Vanessa Macedo. "How fishery discards affect the spatial and trophic ecology of two gull species breeding in sympatry." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/33755.
Full textGulls are opportunistic seabirds, and some populations may be heavily dependent on anthropogenic resources, such as fishery discards and refuse dumps, which have contributed to the increase of many populations. In this study we evaluated the differences in the foraging, feeding and trophic ecology of Audouin’s Larus audouinii (AG) and yellow-legged Larus michahellis (YLG) gulls breeding in sympatry in Barreta Island (South of Portugal). We were specifically interested in evaluating the influence of the fishery activity in the foraging ecology of both gull species. This is the first study about the foraging ecology of AG and YLG in Portugal using several different methods, namely tracking devices, dietary methods and stable isotope analysis. During the breeding season (May - June 2015) we used tracking devices and conventional dietary methods to examine the foraging and feeding ecology of gulls during workdays (full fishery activity) and weekends (very low fishery activity). AG and YLG exhibited spatio-temporal segregation between them and also among week periods, though they mostly preferred to forage at-sea. The dietary choices assessed using pellets also revealed differences between workdays and weekends, and also among species. On workdays there was a greater variability of prey species in the diet of both gull species, which was more evident in the diet of YLG than on AG. Plus, the YLG consumed terrestrial items, contrary to AG which based their diet only on marine prey. Epipelagic prey (i.e. Scomberosox saurus and Belone belone), with low commercial value and highly discarded, showed a strong difference in the frequency of occurrence between gull species and week periods. During weekends, both AG and YLG increased the consumption of these prey (AG workdays = 48.3% and weekends = 70.0%; YLG workdays = 2.8% and weekends = 18.2%). In turn, species with commercial value and frequently discard, such as mackerels (Scomber spp and Trachurus spp) were more important for YLG than AG. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic values of plasma and red blood cells were similar between species, suggesting that they foraged in similar habitats and consumed prey-species with similar isotopic signatures. However, both species showed an enrichment on nitrogen isotopic values, from pre-laying (red blood cells) to incubation (plasma), meaning they increased the consumption of higher trophic level prey. Moreover, the YLG exhibited a larger isotopic niche when compared to AG, suggesting a generalist behaviour.In our study, AG and YLG species largely exploited the fishery discards, mostly during workdays. During weekends, while AG foraged farthest from shore, YLG showed a more generalist behaviour, also foraging inland, on fishing harbours and refuse dumps. Moreover, the diversity of fish-prey species was always higher in YLGs’ diet when compared to AGs, as it was the consumption of demersal species (surely discarded prey). The new European policy for the implementation of a fishery discard ban, is likely to result in a severe food shortage and, consequently, have negative impact on both gull populations. The AG should be the most affected, since it has mainly a marine feeding behaviour, contrary to YLG that showed other predatory skills, and a more plastic foraging behaviour and diverse diet composition. Nonetheless, it is expected that the population of the YLG will decrease. Also, the new discard ban scenario may lead to predation by the aggressive YLG on AG and other seabirds species, which should be closely monitored. In the future, it will be interesting to see if the YLG will return to a more ‘natural predation behaviour’ of marine prey or if it will increase the consumption of Human-derived resources (e.g. refuse tips), with a likely increase of conflicts with Humans.
As gaivotas são aves marinhas oportunistas e algumas populações são fortemente dependentes dos recursos antropogénicos, tais como, as rejeições da pesca e lixeiras que têm vindo contribuir para o aumento das populações. Neste estudo, avaliamos diferenças na procura de alimento, dieta e na ecologia trófica da Gaivota-de-Audouin Larus audouinii e da Gaivota-de-patas-amarelas Larus michahellis, que se reproduzem em simpatria na Ilha da Barreta (Sul de Portugal). Com objetivo principal avaliar de que forma as atividades da pesca influenciam a estas espécies de gaivota na procura de alimento. Este é o primeiro estudo a investigar a ecologia de procura de alimento pela gaivota de Audouin e patasamarelas em Portugal, usando diferentes métodos, como dispositivos de GPS, dieta e análise de isótopos estáveis. Durante a época de reprodução (Maio – Junho 2015), recorremos a dispositivos de GPS e métodos convencionais de identificação da dieta, para avaliar a ecologia de procura de alimento e dieta, comparando com diferentes densidades de atividade piscatória, definidas por dias úteis (atividade piscatória plena) e fins-de-semana (baixa atividade piscatória). A gaivota de Audouin e patas-amarelas exibiram segregação especial e temporal entre elas mas também entre os períodos da semana, embora ambas espécies apresentaram um comportamento preferencialmente marinho. As egagrópilas revelaram diferenças ente os períodos da semana, mas também entre espécies. Durante os dias úteis existiu uma grande variabilidade de espécies na dieta de ambas as gaivotas, contudo foi mais evidente na dieta da gaivota de patas-amarelas do que na gaivota de Audouin. Para além disso, a dieta de gaivota de patas-amarelas apresentou itens provenientes de terra ao contrário da gaivota de Audouin, que se alimentou maioritariamente de presas marinhas. As presas epipelágicas com baixo valor comercial e bastante rejeitadas (Scomberosox saurus / Belone belone), mostraram uma grande diferença de ocorrência entre as duas espécies de gaivotas e períodos da semana. Durante os fins-de-semana, a gaivota de Audouin e de patas-amarelas aumentaram o consumo dessas presas (Dias úteis = 48.3% / 2.8% e Fins-de-semana = 70.0% / 18.2%, respetivamente). Por sua vez, espécies com valor comercial e frequentemente rejeitadas, como as cavalas e carapaus (Scomber spp e Trachurus spp), foram mais importantes na dieta da gaivota de patas-amarelas do que na gaivota de Audouin. Os valores de assinatura de isótopos de carbono e azoto parao plasma e eritrócitos foi similar entre as espécies, sugerindo que ambas espécies procuraram alimento em habitats muito similares e consumiram presas com uma assinatura isotópica semelhante. No entanto, ambas mostraram enriquecimento para os valores de azoto, aumentando do período de pré-postura (eritrócitos) para o período de incubação (plasma), indicando que as ambas aumentaram o consumo de presas de níveis tróficos mais elevados. Ainda assim a gaivota de patas-amarelas revelou um nicho isotópico mais amplo que a gaivota de Audouin, mostrando portanto um comportamento mais generalista. Este estudo mostra que as gaivotas de Audouin e patas-amarelas exploram as rejeições da pesca, principalmente durante os dias úteis. Durante os fins-de-semana, a procura de alimento por parte da gaivota de Audouin foi mais longe da colónia, já a gaivota de patas-amarelas revelou um comportamento mais generalista, procurando alimento em terra, nos portos de pesca e lixeiras. No entanto, a diversidade de presas foi sempre mais elevada na dieta da gaivota de patas amarelas comparativamente à gaivota de Audouin, sendo consumidas presas demersais (provavelmente presas rejeitadas). A implementação da nova política europeia para a proibição das rejeições de pescas no mar, deverá resultar num período de grande escassez de alimento, e consequentemente, deverá trazer impactos negativos para ambas as espécies. A gaivota de Audouin deverá ser a mais afetada, uma vez que apresenta uma dieta maioritariamente marinha, ao contrário da gaivota de patas-amarelas que apresenta outras capacidades predatórias, sendo mais flexível na procura de alimento e na composição da dieta. Ainda assim, é esperada uma diminuição da população da gaivota de patas-amarelas. A nova política de rejeições poderá levar à competição e predação por parte da gaivota de patas-amarelas, espécie mais agressiva, sobre outras aves marinhas, que deverá ser monitorizado de perto. Pesquisas futuras, será interessante avaliar se a gaivota de patas-amarelas irá retomar a uma dieta mais natural, ou, por outro lado, se irá aumentar o consumo de outras presas derivadas da atividade Humana (p.ex. lixeiras), aumentando assim os conflitos com os Humanos.
Santos, Ivo Nobre Sarmento dos. "Assessing diet quality and foraging ecology of Bulwer’s petrel breeding in Cape Verde." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86214.
Full textAs aves marinhas têm vindo a ser utilizadas como bioindicadores da saúde dos ecossistemas marinhos e da dinâmica e estrutura das cadeias tróficas. Estudar a dieta das aves marinhas, em conjunto com a ecologia da procura de alimento, providencia informações únicas sobre as relações tróficas e preferências de habitat, úteis para a criação de Áreas Marinhas Protegidas (AMP). A análise de ácidos gordos (AG) e de isótopos estáveis têm provado ser técnicas eficazes para estimar a dieta das aves, superando a curta janela temporal oferecida pelos métodos convencionais. Este estudo visou: a) avaliar o sucesso reprodutivo de uma população tropical de alma-negra (Bulweria bulwerii), b) descrever a sua dieta e identificar as áreas alimentação usadas na época reprodutiva e, c) relacionar a seleção de presas e a composição em AG das aves com os parâmetros reprodutivos.Durante a época reprodutiva de 2017 foi recolhido tecido adiposo (i.e., gordura) de adultos e pintos para análise de AG, e sangue de adultos durante os períodos de incubação e alimentação dos pintos. O sangue total foi usado para calcular os valores de δ15N e δ13C, e as amostras de plasma para análise de AG. A gordura e o plasma, juntamente com uma ampla biblioteca de presas, foram usados numa análise quantitativa de assinaturas de AG (QFASA) para estimar a dieta da alma-negra durante a época reprodutiva. Colocaram-se dispositivos GPS nos adultos reprodutores para avaliar a sua ecologia na procura de alimento, e cruzar a informação espacial com as condições oceanográficas das áreas de alimentação. Além disso, com estes dispositivos GPS foi ainda possível relacionar os padrões da procura de alimento com os parâmetros reprodutivos dos respetivos pintos. Por fim, foram recolhidos regurgitos dos pintos para comparar com os resultados do QFASA.Este trabalho revelou que o sucesso na incubação (44 %) e o sucesso reprodutivo global (35 %) foram inferiores comparando com estudos anteriores em outras colónias, sugerindo que a imprevisibilidade acrescida da distribuição de presas em sistemas tropicais pode influenciar o sucesso reprodutor. Os peixes epipelágicos foram o grupo que demonstrou conteúdos mais elevados de AG altamente insaturados (46 %) e AG saturados (44 %), enquanto os peixes mesopelágicos e as lulas revelaram níveis mais elevados de monoinsaturados (27-31 %). A gordura dos adultos revelou níveis mais elevados de AG saturados (60 %), ao invés de monoinsaturados que são mais caraterísticos das cadeias tróficas marinhas, enquanto a gordura dos pintos mostrou a predominância de 18:1n-9 (42 %), e a presença de C20:1 e C22:1 associados a fontes pelágicas. A dieta estimada pelo QFASA revelou uma predominância dos peixes mesopelágicos na dieta dos adultos desde o período precedente à postura até ao início do período de incubação (94 %), reforçando a intensa atividade predatória noturna desta espécie. Por outro lado, a dieta dos pintos revelou ser enriquecida em lulas (55 %), enquanto o plasma dos adultos revelou uma maior importância dos mesopelágicos, o que denota que os adultos fornecem aos pintos uma dieta diferente da sua. As análises do plasma revelaram um ligeiro aumento do consumo de peixes mesopelágicos desde a incubação (43 %) até à época de alimentação dos pintos (57 %), e um decréscimo do consumo de peixes epipelágicos. Contudo, o plasma recolhido durante a época de alimentação dos pintos revelou níveis mais elevados de ácido docosahexaenóico (DHA), sugerindo que os adultos terão aumentado a qualidade da sua dieta. Por outro lado, contrariamente ao esperado, o conteúdo em ácido araquidónico (ARA), ácido eicosapentaenóico (EPA) e DHA exibiu uma relação negativa com a taxa de crescimento dos pintos, enquanto o AG 16:0 revelou uma relação positiva. Este resultado pode ser consequência dos elevados níveis de AG monoinsaturados na dieta dos pintos, que promoveu uma maior absorção e eficiência no uso de AG saturados, o que pode causar ganhos de massa maiores. Os valores de δ15N foram similares entre os dois períodos, enquanto os valores de δ13C foram mais elevados na época de alimentação dos pintos, sugerindo que os adultos se alimentaram de presas de níveis tróficos similares, mas em zonas mais costeiras aquando da alimentação dos pintos. Durante este último período, os adultos preferiram alimentar-se em águas de Cabo Verde, mas também perto da plataforma continental africana. A escolha do habitat de alimentação influenciou a taxa de crescimento e massa assimptótica dos pintos, já que os pintos cujos progenitores se alimentaram em zonas de maior concentração de clorofila a, e de menor temperatura à superfície da água do mar e batimetria, exibiram melhores parâmetros de crescimento. Em termos gerais, este estudo aumentou o conhecimento da dieta, ecologia trófica e de procura de alimento desta população tropical. Realçamos a importância da criação de uma AMP que abranja as águas de Cabo Verde, também utilizadas por outras aves marinhas nidificantes.
Seabirds have been widely used as bioindicators of marine ecosystem’s health, food web dynamics, and structure. Studying seabirds diet, coupled with species foraging ecology, provides unique information about trophic relationships and habitat preferences, that are useful to create marine protected areas (MPA). Fatty acids (FA) and stable isotopes analyses have proven to be effective techniques to estimate avian diet, surpassing the short dietary time-window provided by conventional methods. In this study we aimed: a) to assess the reproductive success of a tropical Bulwer’s petrel (Bulweria bulwerii) population, b) to describe its diet and to identify the core foraging areas during the breeding season and, c) to relate the prey selection and birds’ FA composition with reproductive parameters. During the 2017 breeding season we used adipose tissue (i.e. fat), collected from adults and chicks for FA analysis, and blood samples from adults during incubation and chick-rearing periods. Whole blood samples were used to calculate δ15N and δ13C values, and plasma samples were used in FA analysis. Fat tissue and plasma, together with a large prey library, were used for quantitative FA signatures analysis (QFASA) to estimate Bulwer’s petrel diet during the breeding season. Tracking devices were attached to breeding adults to examine their foraging ecology and to cross the spatial data with oceanographic conditions of core foraging areas. Furthermore, with GPS-loggers, we related chicks’ reproductive parameters with foraging ecology patterns. Finally, we also collected regurgitates from chicks to compare with QFASA outputs.This work revealed that the hatching (44 %) and overall breeding success (35 %) were lower compared to previous studies in other colonies, suggesting that the higher patchiness and unpredictability of prey in tropical systems may influence the reproductive success. Epipelagic fish was the prey group that showed the highest content on highly unsaturated FA (46 %) and saturated FA (44 %), whereas mesopelagic fish and squid revealed higher amounts of monounsaturated FA (27-31 %). Adults’ fat exhibited higher amounts of saturated FA (60 %), instead of monounsaturated FA that are more characteristic of marine food webs, whereas chicks’ fat revealed a predominance of 18:1n-9 (42 %), and the presence of C20:1 and C22:1 associated to pelagic food sources. QFASA-diet estimates revealed a predominance of mesopelagic fish on adults’ diet (94 %) from the pre-laying to early incubation, enhancing the intense nocturnal feeding activity of this seabird species. On the other hand, chicks’ diet was enriched on squid (55 %), whereas adults’ plasma showed a larger importance of mesopelagic fish, which means that adults feed their chicks with different prey items. Plasma analyses revealed a slight increment of mesopelagic fish intake from incubation (43 %) to the chick-rearing period (57 %) and a decrease of epipelagic fish. However, the plasma collected during chick-rearing showed higher amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), suggesting that adults have increased the quality of their own diet. On the other hand, contrarily to what we expected, arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA content revealed a negative relation with chicks’ growth rate, whereas 16:0 exhibited a positive relation. This can be due to the higher levels of monounsaturated FA on chicks’ diet, that promoted higher absorption of saturated FA and greater feeding efficiency, that can cause large mass gains. The δ15N levels were similar between the two breeding periods, whereas δ13C showed higher levels during the chick-rearing period, meaning that adults fed mainly on similar trophic level prey, but changed to more coastal waters when rearing their chicks. During the chick-rearing period, adults preferred to forage over Cape Verde surrounding waters, but also near the African shelf slope. The choice of foraging habitat influenced chicks’ growth rate and asymptotic mass because adults foraging in areas with higher chlorophyll a concentration, and with lower sea surface temperature and bathymetry, improved both chick growth parameters. Overall, this study improved the knowledge on diet, trophic and foraging ecology of this tropical population. We stress the importance of the creation of an MPA that covers Cape Verde waters, extremely used by other breeding seabirds as well.