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1

Bianchi, Suzanne M. Family disruption and economic hardship: The short-run picture for children (Current population reports). For sale by Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O, 1991.

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2

Stoddard Jr., Frederick J., Robert J. Ursano, and Stephen J. Cozza. Population Trauma. Edited by Frederick J. Stoddard, David M. Benedek, Mohammed R. Milad, and Robert J. Ursano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190457136.003.0010.

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This chapter reviews trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSRDs) as they relate to disaster, defined by the World Health Organization as “a severe disruption, ecological and psychosocial, which greatly exceeds the coping capacity of the affected community.” Some are human-made such as a terrorist event or shooting, while others are due to natural events such as earthquake or hurricane. Humanitarian emergencies are also a class of disasters. Since most but not all people and communities are resilient, the prevalence of TSRDs after disaster and what interventions are optimal is highly relevan
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3

Suárez-Orozco, Marcelo M., ed. Humanitarianism and Mass Migration. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520297128.001.0001.

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The world is witnessing a rapid rise in the number of victims of human trafficking and of migrants—voluntary and involuntary, internal and international, authorized and unauthorized. In the first two decades of this century alone, more than 65 million people have been forced to escape home into the unknown. The slow-motion disintegration of failing states with feeble institutions, war and terror, demographic imbalances, unchecked climate change, and cataclysmic environmental disruptions have contributed to the catastrophic migrations that are placing millions of human beings at grave risk. Hum
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4

Riquet, Johannes. The Aesthetics of Island Space. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832409.001.0001.

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The Aesthetics of Island Space discusses islands as central figures in the modern experience of space. It examines the spatial poetics of islands in literary texts (from The Tempest to The Hungry Tide), journals of explorers and scientists (such as Cook and Darwin), and Hollywood cinema (e.g. The Hurricane and King Kong), tracing how islands have offered vivid perceptual experiences as well as a geopoetic oscillation between the poetic energies of words and images and the material energies of the physical world. Its chapters focus on America’s island gateways (e.g. Roanoke and Ellis Island), t
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5

Smithers, Andrew. Productivity and the Bonus Culture. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836117.001.0001.

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Living standards in the UK and the US are in danger of falling. In the past change has brought disruption with the offsetting reward of higher living standards from growth. Today we have disruption without reward. The resulting voter dissatisfaction encourages populist policies which threaten even worse outcomes. The decline in growth has weakened the standing of liberal democracy both at home and internationally. The decline is entirely due to poor productivity combined with an unfavourable change in demography. The UK and the US have changed from having a demographic surplus in which the wor
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6

Embid, Cristina, and Josep M. Montserrat. Obstructive sleep apnea and upper airway resistance syndrome. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0016.

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The prevalence of sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is about 2–8% in the adult population. A number of studies have shown associations with arterial hypertension, cardiovascular mortality, and traffic accidents. Given this prevalence and the increasing awareness of SAHS in the medical community as well as in the general population, the demand for consultations and diagnostic studies has increased in recent years. Access to diagnostic testing is difficult, however, with long waiting lists. Therefore, there is growing interest in diagnostic methods and approaches involving all levels of the h
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7

Krawatzek, Félix. The Soviet Union during Perestroika. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826842.003.0005.

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The breakdown of the Soviet Union offers a paired comparison with the contemporary Russian Federation. The shifts in the symbolic meaning of youth conveyed the significance and speed of the disintegration of the USSR to its population. A study of the involvement of young people in this regime breakdown sheds a fundamentally new light on the episode. A first section contextualizes the economic, social, and political instability which characterized the Soviet Union’s last years. It argues that youth mobilization accelerated the society-wide realization of crisis and pushed the leadership to furt
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8

Valiyev, Anar. Baku. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673604.003.0011.

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Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Baku has undergone a tremendous transformation. In this context, demographic trends for the last decade have been quite favourable toward the development of Baku, with a constant increase in population due to the high net-in migration from the rural areas of Azerbaijan. Consequently, it is not surprising that Baku exerts a disproportionately significant influence on the national economy. The city continues to be the leading recipient of investment, most of which is funneled into the construction industry. The post-Soviet transition toward a market
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9

Trotter, Joe W. African American Migration from the Colonial Era to the Present. Edited by Ronald H. Bayor. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766031.013.006.

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This essay explores several overlapping waves of black population movement from the African background through the early twenty-first century. It shows how enslaved people dominated the first two great migrations—from Africa to the tobacco-producing colonies of British North America and later from the Upper South to the cotton-producing lands of the Deep South. In the wake of the Civil War and the emancipation of some 4 million enslaved people, the great farm-to-city migration gradually transformed African Americans from a predominantly rural southern people into the most urbanized sector of t
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10

Liebenthal, Jennifer A., and Christian Guilleminault. Clinical sleep medicine. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0012.

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Sleep Medicine is now a specialty in its own right and many advances have occurred in recent years. Large-database studies from drug companies or general population surveys have indicated the general health impact of narcolepsy, particularly on the childhood and adolescent populations. Obesity has become a significant health problem. Sleep and its restriction has a drastic impact on regulation of metabolic function. A clearer understanding of the growth and development of the orofacial region during early childhood has led to the recognition of factors that increase collapsibility of the upper
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11

Cohen, Daniel A., and Asim Roy. Sleep and Neurological Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198778240.003.0010.

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Scientific investigation of the relationships between sleep and neurological disorders is at a relatively early stage. Damage to the nervous system or impaired neural development can cause a wide array of sleep disorders. In turn, sleep disruption may impair neuroplastic processes that are important for functional recovery after nervous system insults. Sleep disorders in patients with neurological disease can negatively affect quality of life for both the patients and the caregivers. Cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune process changes associated with sleep disorders may exacerbate the underl
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12

Kearney, Julia A., and Jennifer S. Ford. Adapting Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199837229.003.0008.

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There is a lack of validated psychotherapeutic interventions for the adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer population, despite years of evidence of significant need. AYAs with cancer experience distress, anxiety, grief, life disruption, and loss of meaning. Meaning-making is a core developmental task of adolescence and contributes to identity development. This chapter reviews narrative and structural theories of identity development, viewed through the lens of a disruptive life event such as cancer. Clinical therapeutic issues are discussed, including the selection of AYA patients for partic
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13

Rodriguez, Nancy, and Jillian J. Turanovic. Impact of Incarceration on Families and Communities. Edited by John Wooldredge and Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.10.

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This essay describes the implications of confinement for offenders’ families (both children and spouses) and for their communities, including coercive mobility, weakened social controls, family disruption, and stigmatization. The pros and cons of removing criminal fathers are discussed, focusing on possible differences in the implications of removing criminal fathers versus criminal mothers. The dramatically higher incarceration rates of black men from the most disadvantaged urban neighborhoods relative to any other demographic subgroup is discussed in the context of possible implications for
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14

Harder, Louise, and Atul Malhotra. Pathophysiology and therapeutic strategy for sleep disturbance in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0225.

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Robust data have shown that sleep disruption and inadequate sleep duration in the general population impact neurocognitive function and produce cardiometabolic sequelae. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of sleep as an essential homeostatic function, there are relatively few data regarding the importance of sleep in critically-ill patients. Obstructive sleep apnoea is a common respiratory condition that is prevalent in the ICU and can be particularly problematic pre-intubation, post-extubation, and in the peri-operative setting. Considerable discussion regarding the impact of sl
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15

Axworthy, Michael, ed. Crisis, Collapse, Militarism and Civil War. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190250324.001.0001.

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Eighteenth-century Iran is of central significance to the modern history of the country, but as a field of study it has been neglected. It was a century of revolt, war, political disorder, anarchy and lawlessness, disruption of trade, economic collapse, famine, emigration, and general misery. It has been estimated that the population of the country fell from around 9 million at the beginning of the century to perhaps 6 million at the end. In the 1720s it seemed likely that Iran would disappear altogether, partitioned between her neighbours. Within a few years the country surged back to make a
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16

Axworthy, Michael, ed. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190250324.003.0001.

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Eighteenth-century Iran is of central significance to the modern history of the country, but as a field of study it has been neglected. It was a century of revolt, war, political disorder, anarchy and lawlessness, disruption of trade, economic collapse, famine, emigration, and general misery. It has been estimated that the population of the country fell from around 9 million at the beginning of the century to perhaps 6 million at the end. In the 1720s it seemed likely that Iran would disappear altogether, partitioned between her neighbours. Within a few years the country surged back to make a
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17

Lézine, Anne-Marie. Vegetation at the Time of the African Humid Period. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.530.

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An orbitally induced increase in summer insolation during the last glacial-interglacial transition enhanced the thermal contrast between land and sea, with land masses heating up compared to the adjacent ocean surface. In North Africa, warmer land surfaces created a low-pressure zone, driving the northward penetration of monsoonal rains originating from the Atlantic Ocean. As a consequence, regions today among the driest of the world were covered by permanent and deep freshwater lakes, some of them being exceptionally large, such as the “Mega” Lake Chad, which covered some 400 000 square kilom
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18

Holmes, Andrew R. Evangelism, Revivals, and Foreign Missions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199683710.003.0017.

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Dissenters in the long nineteenth century believed that they were on the right side of history. This chapter argues that the involvement of evangelical Nonconformists in politics was primarily driven by a coherent worldview derived from a Congregationalist understanding of salvation and the gathered nature of the church. That favoured a preference for voluntarism and a commitment to religious equality for all. Although Whig governments responded to the rising electoral clout of Dissenters after 1832 by meeting Dissenting grievances, both they and the Conservatives retained an Erastian approach
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19

Skiba, Grzegorz. Fizjologiczne, żywieniowe i genetyczne uwarunkowania właściwości kości rosnących świń. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_gs_2020.

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Bones are multifunctional passive organs of movement that supports soft tissue and directly attached muscles. They also protect internal organs and are a reserve of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Each bone is covered with periosteum, and the adjacent bone surfaces are covered by articular cartilage. Histologically, the bone is an organ composed of many different tissues. The main component is bone tissue (cortical and spongy) composed of a set of bone cells and intercellular substance (mineral and organic), it also contains fat, hematopoietic (bone marrow) and cartilaginous tissue. Bones a
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