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1
Denning, Stephen. "Christensen updates disruption theory." Strategy & Leadership 44, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sl-01-2016-0005.
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Purpose – Recently, observers of the battle between incumbents and challengers have turned the field of disruptive innovation theory into contested territory. What strategies work for defenders and attackers? Design/methodology/approach – For an update the author asked the opinion of the world’s foremost authority, Harvard professor Clayton Christensen. Findings – According to Christensen, “We discovered that there are three types of innovations, only two of which we had caught in the [original] theory of disruption. Practical implications – The only permanent way out of the innovator’s dilemma is to change the game being played and adopt a new corporate focus in which innovation is a necessity, not an option. Originality/value – The article updates and broadens disruption theory. Disruption, as Christensen defines it, is a theory of competitive response.
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Kharlov, L. "Modelling the Disruptive Innovations." Review of Business and Economics Studies 8, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2020-8-2-29-33.
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Horse carriages, film cameras, and traditional encyclopedia were dethroned by the once bizarre cars, digital cameras, and online resources, respectively. Although such major shifts were happening for at least one hundred years by now, the Theory of disruptive innovations was designed only in the late nineties by a prominent academic and business consultant Clayton Christensen. So, the main questions of my paper are how do disruptive innovations proceed and what are the factors causing the disruption? The existing literature provides a substantial critique of Christensen’s theory and taken this into account. I propose that the disruptions usually succeed due to the random factors or the ones not directly connected to disruption Theory and unfold favourably for incumbents irrespectively of their strategical choices.
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Jan van der Veen, Egbert, Dimitrios A. Giannoulas, Marco Guglielmi, Thijs Uunk, and Daniel Schubert. "Disruptive Space Technologies." International Journal of Space Technology Management and Innovation 2, no. 2 (July 2012): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijstmi.2012070102.
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The theory of Disruptive Technologies explains the evolution of technologies that disturb the status quo of both dominant technology platforms and competitive market layouts. In this paper, the theory of Disruptive Technologies for the space sector is explored. This exploration is required because the Disruptive Technology theory is currently based upon the innovation dynamics of mass consumer markets, which are significantly different from the dynamics of the low volume, highly governmentally influenced space sector. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of innovation in space (with particular respect to technological disruptions) in order to help decision makers in their effort to support innovation in the development of space technologies. This is done by analyzing the dynamics of the space sector and the theory of Disruptive Technologies in respect to its applicability to the space sector. The result of these analyses leads to the creation of a theory that is tailored to the specific innovation dynamics of the space sector. The theory is termed Disruptive Space Technologies. Key element of this theory is the fact that Disruptive Technologies in the space sector focus mainly on technology disruption rather than market disruption.
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Terry, Oroszi. "Disruption Innovation and Theory." Journal of Service Science and Management 13, no. 03 (2020): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2020.133030.
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Praun, Alina, Anna Cunningham, and Martina Pieperhoff. "Disruption, Disruptors and Disruptiveness of Scholarly Communication: An Actor-Network Theory Approach." European Conference on Knowledge Management 23, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 1452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eckm.23.2.532.
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The rise of Open Access, the increasing pace of scientific work, the serial crisis and the need for interdisciplinary research are just some examples of the current disruptions of traditional scholarly communication. As publishing is a significant practice for distributing scientific knowledge and therefor for academic knowledge management, an understanding of the current disruptions in the field is necessary for the future development and maintenance of the system. The paper presents a conceptualization of disruptions drawing from Latour’s Actor-Network-Theory with reference to current understandings of disruption. The aim of the research is the identification and mapping of current disruptions, their disruptors and the disruptiveness in scholarly communication in the field of economic and social sciences by analyzing scientific editorials. Therefore, a short overview about previous analyses of scientific editorials is presented. For the sampling of editorials, a systematic literature search was conducted using Web of Science, followed by an application and comparison of Text Mining operations using R. Afterwards an in-depth investigation of the disruptors as source of disruption and disruptiveness as potential of disruption will be following using qualitative content analysis. The insights of this research will be helpful for anticipating and overcoming the current disruptions as well as for identifying and dealing with future disruptions in the field.
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Zavala, Araceli, David Nowicki, and Jose Emmanuel Ramirez-Marquez. "Quantitative metrics to analyze supply chain resilience and associated costs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 233, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x18766738.
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The growth of global supply chains has allowed trading partners to experience synergistic, economic expansion and increase their competitive success. At the same time, reliance on global supply chains exposes its trading partners to unforeseen disruptions. While the economic benefits are tremendous, they are not without risk as global supply chains are by their very nature susceptible to a wide array of disruptions. Methods that mitigate the effect of disruption directly contribute to the competitive success of global supply chain networks. One approach for mitigating the effects of disruption is to increase resilience. Thus, this research focuses on understanding supply chain vulnerability and how to return the supply chain to its desirable performance level after a disruptive event by reconfiguring the supply chain network. This article frames this foundational work in the context of systems theory to add to the body of resilience research by providing a time-dependent definition of supply chain resilience. This article then provides a mathematical model, based on inventory theory that operationalizes that definition. The model is presented in the context of a multi-echelon, post-production support network of a sustainment-dominated system such as those found in the aerospace, defense, utilities, and construction industries. The model demonstrates the post-disruption resilience at each supply chain network node along with the investment necessary to restore the network.
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Schmitz, Christian, Maximilian Friess, Sascha Alavi, and Johannes Habel. "Understanding the Impact of Relationship Disruptions." Journal of Marketing 84, no. 1 (October 28, 2019): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022242919882630.
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Personal relationships between salespeople and customers are essential for the success of business-to-business relationships, and research has shown that a change of the salesperson can severely harm financial performance. However, such interpersonal relationship disruptions may also have positive effects by encouraging vitalizing reexplorations of the relationship. Using multilevel loyalty theory and relationship life cycle theory, the authors offer a comprehensive conceptualization of potentially countervailing consequences of relationship disruptions. In particular, disruptions may have different effects on resale revenue (from previously sold products) versus new sale revenue (from newly sold products), contingent on both the history and expected future development of the relationship. Therefore, this study examines moderators on the firm-level relationship prior to disruption and salesperson relationship management afterward. Longitudinal data from 2,040 customers of an international business-to-business firm reveal that a disruption can increase overall performance by more than 29%, depending on the firm-level relationship before disruption and the new salesperson’s relationship management. Managers can use these findings proactively to evaluate and manage the risks and opportunities involved in relationship disruptions.
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Phillips, Anne. "Political Theory as Risk and Disruption." Raisons politiques N° 84, no. 4 (January 20, 2022): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rai.084.0133.
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Goodwin, Simon P. "The theory of young cluster disruption." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 6, S270 (May 2010): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311000512.
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AbstractMost stars seem to form in clusters, but the vast majority of these clusters do not seem to survive much beyond their embedded phase. The most favoured mechanism for the early destruction of star clusters is the effect of the removal of residual gas by feedback which dramatically changes the cluster potential. The effects of feedback depend on the ratio of the masses of stars and gas, and the velocity dispersion of the stars at the onset of gas removal. As gas removal is delayed by a few Myr from star formation these crucial parameters can change significantly from their initial values. In particular, in dynamically cool and clumpy clusters, the stars will collapse to a far denser state and if they decouple from the gas then gas removal may be far less destructive than previously thought. This might well help explain the survival of very massive clusters, such as globular clusters, without the need for extremely high star formation efficiencies or initial masses far greater than their current masses.
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Oliveira, Marcos Paulo Valadares de, and Robert Handfield. "An enactment theory model of supplier financial disruption risk mitigation." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 22, no. 5 (August 14, 2017): 442–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-03-2017-0121.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine supplier financial risk through the lens of Enactment Theory, to explore the role of transparency and communication on buyers’ perceptions of supplier default risk. The authors develop a theoretical model proposing that buyer communication with suppliers leads to preemptive actions that may prevent supplier financial default and fewer supply disruptions. The results suggest that reducing equivocality in buyers through communication with suppliers leads to understanding of financial factors not captured through third-party financial indicators, leading to proactive risk mitigation activities that prevent disruptions during recessionary economic cycles. This research proposes that transparency and communication reduces equivocality in buyers, spurring them to take contractual actions that reduces, financial default in key suppliers, which leads to fewer supply disruptions. Design/methodology/approach Survey data collected from 175 firms in the North America and Brazil during a period of the global recession is used to test the impact of communication with suppliers on supply chain disruptions in periods of economic crisis. This relationship is mediated by proactive contract renegotiation and supplier financial health, supporting a model grounded in Enactment Theory. Findings Results show that buyers who regularly assess and develop an understanding of their key suppliers’ financial conditions are more likely to re-negotiate contracts that revise payment terms, leading to improved supplier working capital and fewer supply chain disruptions. Research limitations/implications Validation of industry-specific financial ratios and figures could provide a richer set of insights and some quantitative measures for establishing baseline on what levels of financial ratios actually result in disruptions. However, future research should consider using a cross-sectional sample and, in addition, a qualitative approach to capture risk from a greater variety of industries and supply chain dynamics. Originality/value The notion of effective communication flows as a means for reduction of supplier disruption risk is aligned with Enactment Theory views that emphasize the benefits of risk reduction. Equivocality is reduced in buyers through information exchange and formal assessments in complex environments. This research suggests that while such communication does not have a direct effect on supply disruption risk, it is mediated through proactive buyer actions to improve supplier financial health and contract re-negotiation mechanisms that may preempt financial distress. These are important lessons learned that provide guidelines for supply chain executives in future economic recessions that may occur in the coming years.
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Huang, Zuqing, Wei Shao, Lijun Meng, Guoqing Zhang, and Qiang (Patrick) Qiang. "Pricing Decision for a Closed-Loop Supply Chain with Technology Licensing under Collection and Remanufacturing Cost Disruptions." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 12, 2022): 3354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063354.
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Closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) management faces collection and remanufacturing cost disruption challenges. This study explores a CLSC system wherein original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) license the third-party remanufacturer (TPR) to bear the remanufacturing activities and investigate pricing decisions in the CLSC, while considering collection and remanufacturing cost disruptions. To obtain the optimal pricing strategy, we develop game theory models under the disruptions of both centralized and decentralized CLSCs. Based on theoretical and numerical analyses, we obtain the following results: (1) Whether or not disruption events occur, the centralized supply chain can better encourage consumers to participate in the collection of used products than a decentralized supply chain; (2) when collection disruption in a large positive region or the remanufacturing cost disruption in a large negative region occurs, OEM and TPR profits will greatly increase, and the OEM will raise the licensing fee to extract more profit from the remanufacturing activity; (3) a certain robust region exists for the retail price and wholesale price when the supply chain faces disruption increase; (4) when the supply chain faces the disruptions, it has great influence on the OEM’s licensing fee but little on the TPR’s acquisition price. The main contributions of the study include: (1) We considered the impacts of both technology licensing and collection and remanufacturing cost disruption; (2) we developed game theory models to determine the optimal manufacturing and remanufacturing quantities, and pricing strategy under the disruptions; (3) based on theoretical and numerical analyses, we presented some interesting and important insights. The results of this paper could provide useful guidelines for supply chain members on how to effectively control costs to obtain more profit by adjusting prices and selecting a better operation mode for the closed-loop supply chain.
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Weeks, Michael R. "Is disruption theory wearing new clothes or just naked? Analyzing recent critiques of disruptive innovation theory." Innovation 17, no. 4 (September 3, 2015): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2015.1061896.
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Perkins, William H., Raymond D. Kent, and Richard F. Curlee. "A Theory of Neuropsycholinguistic Function in Stuttering." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 34, no. 4 (August 1991): 734–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3404.734.
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A theory of neurolinguistic function is proposed to explain fluency and the production of stuttered and nonstuttered speech disruptions Central to the theory is the idea that speech involves linguistic and paralinguistic components, each of which is processed by different neural systems that converge on a common output system. Fluent speech requires that these components be integrated in synchrony. When they are dyssynchronous, the result can be either nonstuttered disfluency or stuttering, depending on time pressure. Time pressure is defined as the speaker’s need to begin, continue, or accelerate an utterance. Nonstuttered disfluency results when the linguistic and paralinguistic components are dyssynchronous and the speaker is not under time pressure. Stuttering results when the speaker is under time pressure and is relatively unaware of the cause of dyssynchrony. Both of these factors are necessary for the identification of the phenomenon of stuttering. Stuttering is defined as disruption of speech that is experienced by the speaker as a loss of control The theory presented here accounts for both the disruption and the experienced loss of control.
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Bramhani and Dr P. Jyothi. "HR Disruption: Embracing The Digital Future Of HR." Restaurant Business 118, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i9.8019.
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The present paper aims to provide an overview of digital disruption in HR by integrating discussions, opinions, interviews of HR leaders, and empirical evidences. The paper comprehensively presents the challenges faced by HR in modern organizations, theory of disruption and its relevance to HR. The paper also elaborates the factors influencing the talent demand-supply equation and disruptive trends & opportunities extended by digital technologies in the area of HR.
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Khan, Mahmood A. "Technological Disruptions in Restaurant Services: Impact of Innovations and Delivery Services." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 44, no. 5 (February 26, 2020): 715–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348020908636.
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This qualitative exploratory study assesses the technological disruptions in restaurant services caused by innovations in food delivery. A systematic review of the restaurant classification for the past two decades showed that the use of the term “restaurant delivery service” increased significantly since 2014 and is now used as often as “fast food service.” An improved typology of services as affected by technology is presented. A hypothetical model was developed to show the hierarchical progression of restaurant services as affected by technological innovations. Technological disruptions were categorized at different stages. The theory of disruptive innovation was assessed, and a hypothesis is presented to relate the impact on delivery services. Major disruptions identified are in the restaurant terminology/classification, widening of the distance between the service provider and customer contact points, and the potential collateral disruption to the service quality. Opportunities and challenges related to disruptions are identified.
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Isenberg, Sarina, Debra Roter, Jennifer L. Wolff, Thomas J. Smith, Katherine Clegg Smith, and Rebecca Aslakson. "A qualitative exploration of companion involvement in the presurgical consent visit for patients undergoing major surgery for advanced cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.31_suppl.29.
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29 Background: The decision to undergo non-emergent cancer surgery is complicated by risk of mortality and diminished quality of life weighed against potential benefits of extended life and symptom management. Sometimes, unanticipated clinical information or quality of life considerations (“disruptions”) arise during these pre-surgical visits, which can lead to to the surgery’s reconsideration, postponement, or cancelation. Little is known about disruptions. This paper explores case studies of how patients, companions, and surgeons negotiate surgical plan disruptions. Methods: This study is based on secondary analysis of pre-surgical recordings with 61 patients and nine surgeons. Patients were recruited at nine surgical oncology clinics at an academic tertiary care hospital from July 2015-September 2016. Qualitative analysis incorporated existing theory and inductively developed codes. Results: Four of the 61 pre-surgical visits were identified as having a disruption. Each case study explores the presentation of the disruption, patient reaction to the disruption, companion involvement and role in the encounter, and resolution of the disruption. While each disruption involves a nuanced approach to decision making, there are cross cutting themes across the cases. Specifically, analysis of these visits explored companion roles, including: patient autonomy-enhancing behaviors and patient autonomy-detracting behaviors. This analysis also addressed variation and similarities in surgeons’ behaviors, including examples of collaborative, facilitative, and informative behaviors. Conclusions: As more high risk surgeries are performed on sicker and older patients, decision making regarding whether to pursue surgery may become increasingly complex, and lend itself more frequently to disruptions. Disruption reflects the engagement and mutual influence of multi-party participants in treatment decision making. By enhancing our understanding of disruptions, we hope to assist in the delicate communication and shared decision making needed for a patient and family centered resolution. Clinical trial information: NCT02489799.
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A. Marley, Kathryn, Peter T. Ward, and James A. Hill. "Mitigating supply chain disruptions – a normal accident perspective." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 19, no. 2 (March 4, 2014): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-03-2013-0083.
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Purpose – Existing supply chain literature provides examples of countermeasures that firms can adopt to mitigate abnormal or catastrophic supply chain disruptions. However, none address reducing interactive complexity prior to adopting countermeasures to mitigate everyday or normal supply chain disruptions. Most mitigation strategies focus on adding capabilities or resources to protect an organization. Here, the authors aim to consider an alternative strategy of examining current processes to determine whether processes can be simplified by using the normal accident theory and its constructs of interactive complexity and coupling as a theoretical basis. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop a model based on the normal accident theory and use logistic regression to test their propositions in the context of a steel processing plant and its customers. Findings – The findings show the importance of reducing interactive complexity to mitigate supply chain disruptions. However, high inventory is not considered a significant countermeasure, and high inventory levels may increase the likelihood of causing a disruption downstream. These findings support the lean management approach of operating under low inventory levels while eliminating complexity to make problems more visible, causing fewer disruptions. Originality/value – While others have examined the impact of mitigation strategies conceptually, no study has captured information from actual supply chain disruptions to assess how interactive complexity and inventory levels affect disruption potential at downstream customers' facilities. Capturing information from supply chain disruptions enables managers to assess the situation as the disruption is occurring. The authors suggest a strategy in which countermeasures that increase slack in the system should be considered only after the system is sufficiently simplified to mitigate disruptions.
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Gabatz, Ruth Irmgard Bärtschi, Eda Schwartz, Viviane Marten Milbrath, Hudson Cristiano Wander de Carvalho, Celmira Lange, and Marilu Correa Soares. "Formation and disruption of bonds between caregivers and institutionalized children." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, suppl 6 (2018): 2650–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0844.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the perspective of caregivers about the formation and disruption of bonds with institutionalized children. Method: a qualitative research that used as a theoretical framework the Attachment Theory and the Symbolic Interactionism, and the Grounded Theory as methodological framework. Participating in the study were 15 female caregivers of children aged zero to three years, from a child care institution in the south of Brazil, from April to July 2015. Results: three categories were elaborated: "Experiencing the formation of bond and attachment"; "Disrupting with the established bonds and detaching"; "Learning how to work with formation and disruption of bond". Final considerations: we need to think of ways to minimize the negative effects formation and disruption of bonds. In this sense, active listening and the offer of psychological support favor the sharing of experiences and the emotional strengthening of the female caregivers.
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Prasetio, Eko Agus. "Investigating the Influence of Network Effects on the Mechanism of Disruptive Innovation." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030157.
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Disruptive technology theory receives a lot of attention and has a significant influence on scholars and managers in approaching technology competition. Some studies have formalized the disruptive technology, investigating the mechanism and determinants of disruption. While some modern technologies are understood to be disruptive, they also exhibit increasing return to the adoption properties or network effects. However, how the network effects influence the disruption mechanism has only received little attention in the previous formal disruptive technology models. Therefore, in this study, we developed a formal model to investigate the dynamics of disruption by exploring the interaction of technology development, the consumer’s choice, firm’s decision, and structure of demand under the influence of different degrees of network effects. The model is simulated using agent-based software of the Laboratory for Simulation Development (LSD). We argue that weak network effects allow for different competitive outcomes (i.e., competitive isolation, convergence, and disruption), where the heterogeneity of the consumers’ preferences matters in determining the outcomes. Therefore, this study suggests that weak network effects enhance the likelihood of disruptive innovation, depending on the heterogeneity in customer preference. Strong network effects, however, lead to a winner-takes-all situation regardless of the heterogeneity in the consumers’ preferences.
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Fang, Chao, Piao Dong, Yi-Ping Fang, and Enrico Zio. "Vulnerability analysis of critical infrastructure under disruptions: An application to China Railway High-speed." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 234, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x19889149.
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Considerable attention has been paid to the vulnerability of critical infrastructures because of the increasing occurrence of disruptive events, such as man-made or natural disasters. Even small disruptions could eventually affect the normal function of infrastructure systems. Enhancing the reliability of these systems and their robustness to disruptions is necessary and urgent. High-speed rail is a critical infrastructure that is subject to various disruptions, including component aging, malicious attacks, natural disasters, and demand surges. In this study, we analyze the topological centrality indicators of China Railway High-speed network using network theory and take real train flow information for assessing the importance of network components in terms of vulnerability to disruption. By Monte Carlo simulation, we analyze the risk of the China Railway High-speed network under random attacks and spatially localized failures. The significance of taking pre-actions for protecting critical infrastructures by mitigating its vulnerability to disruptions is emphasized.
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Waters, Everett, German Posada, Judith Crowell, and Keng-Ling Lay. "Is attachment theory ready to contribute to our understanding of disruptive behavior problems?" Development and Psychopathology 5, no. 1-2 (1993): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400004351.
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AbstractAttachment theory and research have traditionally been subspecialties in infant social development. Recent work has extended the relevance of attachment theory and assessments well into childhood and has established firm ties to work with adults. Many of the same variables associated with the development of disruptive behavior problems also influence the development of attachment. In addition, recent data point to consistent relations between attachment status and disruptive behavior problems. This paper reviews attachment theory, summarizes mechanisms through which attachment might be related to disruptive behavior problems, and discusses the relevance of attachment theory to prevention and therapy. We emphasize the diversity of possible relations between attachment and disruptive behavior problems and the fact that incorporating attachment theory into research on disruptive behavior problems does not mean interpreting every disruptive behavior as attachment related or every attachment-related disruption as serving the same function.
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Jiang, Yang, Qiulei Ding, Junhu Ruan, and Wenjuan Wang. "Combining prospect theory with fuzzy theory to handle disruption in production scheduling." Filomat 32, no. 5 (2018): 1649–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1805649j.
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This paper focuses on revising a production scheduling that an unpredictable disruption happens after a subset of jobs has been processed. Under these circumstances, continuing with the original schedule will not be optimal. This paper combines prospect theory and fuzzy theory to present a recovery model to handle the disruption. The proposed model is different from most rescheduling approaches in that the difference between the original schedule and the recovery schedule is contained by taking human behavior into consideration. The computational result demonstrates that due to the tradeoff between all participators involved in production scheduling, our model is more effective than existing rescheduling approaches.
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Smith, Andrea N. "Critical Race Theory: Disruption in Teacher Education Pedagogy." Journal of Culture and Values in Education 3, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/jcve.03.01.4.
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Teacher education programs are charged with preparing teacher candidates to successfully educate student populations that are more racially and culturally diverse than ever. However, a look at graduation rates among teacher education programs proves that the majority still produce, on average, a teaching force that is 80% White, although White students make up less than 49% the total Kindergarten-12th grade public school population (U.S. Department of Education, 2016). Absent from the dialogue on diversity in teacher education is a discussion on how race and racism are institutionalized and maintained within such programs (Sleeter, 2016). In this article, the use of Critical Race Theory (CRT) offers tools to examine the role of race and racism in teacher education. I further consider the role CRT can play in the disruption of postsecondary rhetoric about teacher education programs. Focus is placed on my own experiences in a Teaching Internship Seminar course when applying the structures of CRT to encourage conversations on disruptive practices that facilitate social justice in a course within a teacher preparation program. The tenets of interest convergence and permanence of racism are examined in the context of course development as pedagogical practices that disrupt normative patterns in teacher education. I conclude by envisioning how faculty in teacher education programs might address these challenges in such a way that offers suggestions derived from these tenets.
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Tavory, Iddo, and Gary Alan Fine. "Disruption and the theory of the interaction order." Theory and Society 49, no. 3 (February 20, 2020): 365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11186-020-09384-3.
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Driesen, David M. "The Economic Dynamics of Climate Disruption and the Need for a Better Legal Theory." Climate Law 8, no. 3-4 (October 31, 2018): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-00803004.
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While the law of climate disruption constitutes a field of positivist study, the normative legal theory of climate disruption remains poorly understood. Many scholars treat climate-disruption law as another branch of neoclassical law and economics. This article argues that this approach does not fit climate law well and proposes an economic dynamic theory that provides a broad and useful framework for thinking about climate-disruption law and many other fields of law.
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Farrar, Glennys R. "Workshop on Stellar Tidal Disruption." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S285 (September 2011): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312000701.
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AbstractThe past year has seen major advances in the observational status of Stellar Tidal Disruption, with the discovery of two strong optical candidates in archived SDSS data and the real-time X-ray detection of Swift J1644+57, plus rapid radio and optical follow-up establishing it as a probable Tidal Disruption Flare (TDF) in “blazar mode”. These observations motivated a workshop devoted to discussion of such events and of the theory of their emission and flare rate. Observational contributions included a presentation of Swift J2058+05 (a possible second example of a TDF in blazar mode), reports on the late-time evolution and X-ray variability of the two Swift events, and a proposal that additional candidates may be evidenced by spectral signatures in SDSS. Theory presentations included models of radio emission, theory of light curves and the proposal that GRB101225A may be the Galactic tidal disruption of a neutron star, an interpretation of Swift J1644+57 as due to the disruption of a white dwarf instead of main-sequence star, calculation of the dependence of the TDF rate on the spin of the black hole, and analysis of the SDSS events, fitting their SEDs to profiles of thoretical emission from accretion disks and showing that their luminosity and rate are consistent with the proposal that TDEs can be responsible for UHECR acceleration.
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Durach, Christian F., Patrick C. Glasen, and Frank Straube. "Disruption causes and disruption management in supply chains with Chinese suppliers." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 47, no. 9 (October 2, 2017): 843–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-07-2017-0228.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and rank supply chain disruption causes for Western buying firms in the Chinese market; to identify supplier-relationship-specific mitigation strategies to avoid and resist such disruptions; and to develop and propose a framework of relational supply chain disruption management with Chinese suppliers. Design/methodology/approach Two group exercises with 42 representatives from Western manufacturing buying firms and nine in-depth interviews were conducted. The group exercises applied the nominal group technique. Findings The authors identified and ranked 22 disruption causes in China for Western buying firms. Evaluating the five most urgent causes, 43 mitigation strategies could be identified that build on implementing strategic relationships with Chinese suppliers. A framework of relational supply chain disruption management for Western buying firms was developed with six propositions on primary constructs, mediators, and moderators, highlighting guanxi as a fundamental construct of relations within the Chinese culture. Research limitations/implications The findings contribute to theory development at the intersection of risk management and culture. Quantitative testing of the proposed relationships in the framework is needed to derive more reliable conclusions. Practical implications The study depicts how cultural differences between Chinese suppliers and Western buyers influence relational supply chain disruption management strategies. Using the study findings, managers of Western buying firms are informed regarding the most pressing disruption causes in the Chinese market and the value and strategic use of Chinese-supplier relationships. Originality/value The study provides a valuable contribution to the scant body of literature on disruption management in supply chains with Chinese suppliers. It contributes to our understanding of a successful risk management in the presence of cultural differences.
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Asmoro, Priandhita Sukowidyanti, Ferina Nurlaily, and Edlyn Khurotul Aini. "DISRUPTIVE TREND AND TAX POTENTIAL : THE CASE OF FOOD TRUCKS." MEDIA BINA ILMIAH 14, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.33758/mbi.v14i3.322.
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At present, we are facing a new era, namely, era disruption. In the business world, there are still many people who misinterpret disruption as extensive use of information technology in business processes or what is known as a digital business. Disruption is an innovation. Disruption is destructive and creative. For some businesses, the emergence of a disruptive trend is considered an opportunity rather than an obstacle. In the culinary business, the disruptive trend has been responded to by the growth of the food truck business in recent years. Although food trucks are considered as a new business model that offers many benefits, the existence of a food truck business turns out to also cause problems for tax revenues. Until now, food trucks are still an informal business sector in almost all regions in Indonesia because they have not been legalized, including in Sidoarjo Regency. Therefore, a food truck is also a group of Hard to Tax, is a group of taxpayers, whether individuals or entities involved in a cash transaction and not registered as a taxpayer. From the regulator's side, the food truck business is considered as a party born without following the applicable legal rules. They create innovations that violate the law, even, do not pay taxes that cause a loss of potential tax revenue, including local taxes. However, this is contrary to the disruption theory, which states that disruption in the business world is positive, and the government should respond by creating disruptive regulation. The government must be able to create tax policies that can maximize the potential for tax revenues without having to hamper business growth and innovation. This study attempts to analyze the potential expansion of the restaurant tax object on the food truck business using qualitative methods. Data collection is done by interviewing local tax policymakers and food truck business people. The results of this study indicate that the food truck business can be used as the object of restaurant tax because it fulfills the Laffer Theory concept and the criteria of Sidoarjo Regency Regional Regulation Number 8/2010 about Restaurant Taxes.
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Franke, Henrik, Finn Wynstra, Fabian Nullmeier, and Chloe Nullmeier. "Project managers' reactions to project disruption: sponsor actions versus environmental uncertainty." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 42, no. 13 (August 29, 2022): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-02-2022-0103.
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PurposeManaging projects is an important part of operations management, but many projects fail. This study focuses on attribution processes of such disruption from the underrepresented perspective of the project manager. The authors consider two types of causes: the more frequently researched environmental uncertainty (i.e. uncontrollable events) and the scarcely researched uncertainty imposed by non-collaborative project sponsors (i.e. other-controllable events).Design/methodology/approachThe authors test conceptual arguments grounded in attribution theory and the notion of psychological contracts in a scenario-based experiment among 325 practicing project managers.FindingsThe findings indicate that non-collaborative project sponsors negatively affect project managers' motivation, whereas uncontrollable disruptions leave hope to achieve positive future outcomes. This latter effect is further strengthened when project managers have an internal attribution style. They tend to blame the disruption on themselves and generally feel in control of achieving success even if they are not.Originality/valueThese socio-psychological insights nuance the economic idea that uncertainty reduces motivation per se in the context of project disruption appraisal. The authors contribute to the behavioral project management literature and general attribution theory and help guide the allocation of resources during the recovery of failed projects.
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Mbura, Issa. "Crux of the Bongo Movie from a Digital Disruption Lens." Umma: The Journal of Contemporary Literature and Creative Arts 9, no. 2 (January 31, 2022): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/ummaj.v9i2.4.
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This paper reports the findings of a study that had explored digital disruption as an analytical lens developed based on the constructs of two theories: the digital disruption theory and the disruptive innovation theory. The study had employed unstructured in-depth interviews, direct observation and virtual ethnographic to consult media experts, pioneer filmmakers, Bongo Movie’ producers, movies library’s keepers, movie retailers, movie translators (deejays) and social network sites (SNS) to collect data. Based on the study findings, the paper argues that the shift in technological paradigm, specifically from the use of expensive and inaccessible technologies used in filmmaking engendered the development and sustainability of the Bongo Movie genre in Tanzania. This technological paradigm shifts were twofold. To begin with, there was a transition from the use of celluloid film and analogue video cameras to digital video cameras in film production. Second, there was a shift from the use of optical prints and Vertical Helican Scan (VHS) tapes to optical discs such as Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) in the distribution of films. These changes in the technologies used in production and distribution of films provided entrants into the local film industry with necessary tools to produce low-budget films and service the low-end market of the country, which augured well with the country’s resource-poor context. Moreover, these Bongo Movies “disrupted” the erstwhile traditional, established, and stringent patterns of consumption of both locally-produced and foreign-imported films in local film markets. Overall, the Bongo Movie genre evolution appears to be a model of how digitally-motivated disruptions can occur in a local film market in a developing nation’s video-film industries and become a staple particularly among the low-end clientele.
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Benelli, Giovanni, and Andrea Lucchi. "From Insect Pheromones to Mating Disruption: Theory and Practice." Insects 12, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12080698.
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Liu, W. William. "Disruption of thin current sheets: A two‐fluid theory." Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 102, A7 (January 1997): 14331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97ja00748.
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Raynor, Michael E. "Disruption theory as a predictor of innovation success/failure." Strategy & Leadership 39, no. 4 (July 5, 2011): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10878571111147378.
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Anglin-Jaffe, Hannah. "Sign, Play and Disruption: Derridean Theory and Sign Language." Culture, Theory and Critique 52, no. 1 (April 2011): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14735784.2011.621665.
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Christensen, Clayton M. "The Ongoing Process of Building a Theory of Disruption." Journal of Product Innovation Management 23, no. 1 (January 2006): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2005.00180.x.
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Lodato, Giuseppe, Alessia Franchini, Clement Bonnerot, and Elena M. Rossi. "Recent developments in the theory of tidal disruption events." Journal of High Energy Astrophysics 7 (September 2015): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jheap.2015.04.003.
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Hoang, Thiem. "Rotational Disruption of Astrophysical Dust and Ice—Theory and Applications." Galaxies 8, no. 3 (July 6, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies8030052.
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Dust is an essential component of the interstellar medium (ISM) and plays an important role in many different astrophysical processes and phenomena. Traditionally, dust grains are known to be destroyed by thermal sublimation, Coulomb explosions, sputtering, and shattering. The first two mechanisms arise from the interaction of dust with intense radiation fields and high-energy photons (extreme UV), which work in a limited astrophysical environment. The present review is focused on a new destruction mechanism present in the dust-radiation interaction that is effective in a wide range of radiation fields and has ubiquitous applications in astrophysics. We first describe this new mechanism of grain destruction, namely rotational disruption induced by Radiative Torques (RATs) or RAdiative Torque Disruption (RATD). We then discuss rotational disruption of nanoparticles by mechanical torques due to supersonic motion of grains relative to the ambient gas, which is termed MEchanical Torque Disruption (METD). These two new mechanisms modify properties of dust and ice (e.g., size distribution and mass), which affects observational properties, including dust extinction, thermal and nonthermal emission, and polarization. We present various applications of the RATD and METD mechanisms for different environments, including the ISM, star-forming regions, astrophysical transients, and surface astrochemistry.
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Milisavljevic, Marija, Slobodan Markovic, and Vasilije Gvozdenovic. "Role of symmetry and simplicity in shape disruption perception tasks." Psihologija 45, no. 1 (2012): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1201005m.
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Purpose of the present research was further examination of roles of symmetry and complexity in visual perception tasks. We tested hypothesis from perceptual economy theory, and since we used shape disruptions as one of the stimulus characteristics we could also address Luccio?s two step theory concerning perception of shape disruptions on good forms. Four experiments were conducted, visual search and simultaneous and delayed matching. Symmetry and complexity were varied, as well as set size in visual search experiment. Dependent variables were reaction time and error number. In all four experiments, symmetry had dominant effect, while significant effect of complexity was registered only in Experiment 1. However, in first three experiments interaction of symmetry and complexity was also significant. Analysis of reaction times and performance suggested that our results follow the pattern suggested by perceptual economy, i.e. that symmetry is dominant in easier tasks, while complexity was significant in most difficult task. Our results couldn?t completely support Luccio?s assumption that shape disruption is better perceived on good forms, although it can?t be completely discarded.
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Rahoyo, Stefanus. "DISRUPSI DARI ATAS: KASUS BANGKRUTNYA KIOS TRADISIONAL BERHADAPAN DENGAN MINIMARKET MODERN." Jurnal Dinamika Sosial Budaya 22, no. 1 (June 11, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/jdsb.v22i1.1892.
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<p>Various studies have concluded that the presence of modern minimarkets has a negative impact on traditional kiosks. One of the negative impacts is revenue’s decrase of the tradisional kiosks. However, the various studies have not answered <em>why</em> and <em>how</em> the kiosts’ revenue decrase or even they bankrupted. Losing in competition is not a correct reason to explain the above phenomenon because the fact is—and is perceived so by consumers—the price of goods in traditional kiosks is cheaper than the price of the same goods in modern minimarkets.</p><p>With a qualitative approach this study found that the phenomenon of revenue’s decrease and even the bankruptcy of traditional kiosks were because of disruption and not because they could not compete with modern minimarkets. It is, however, differ from Chistensen's disruptive innovation theory where disruption always starts from low-end market; this research found the opposite direction, namely disruption starting from high-end market or disruption from above.</p>
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Wofford, Larry, David Wyman, and Christopher W. Starr. "Do you have a naïve forecasting model of the future?" Journal of Property Investment & Finance 38, no. 4 (March 20, 2020): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-12-2019-0154.
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PurposeThis paper addresses the increasingly rapid and disruptive changes caused by technology innovations impacting commercial real estate (CRE) and how leaders in today's CRE business environment can better anticipate, and even experiment with, disruptive technologies while maintaining current business assets and practices.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative research is based in systems theory, through which the impact of disruptive technology innovation cycles on business models is described for tactical and strategic utility.FindingsThe advent of the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) is characterized by a convergence of multiple technological innovations including artificial intelligence, the Internet of things, smart buildings, autonomous agents, and automated decision-making. Industry 4.0 promises a future of discontinuities and disruptive innovation superseding the deployment of digital technologies enabled by Industry 3.0. Ambidextrous leaders need to maintain two concurrent foci: one on the current CRE business environment for incremental improvements and one on new opportunities made possible by the next technology innovation cycle.Practical implicationsBy anticipating the inflection points of nonlinear technology adoption cycles, CRE leaders can reduce risks and increase innovative opportunities as participants in the next disruptive cycle rather than falling victim to it.Originality/valueThis work examines CRE market disruptions caused by technology innovation cycles through the lens of systems theory. A connection is made between the nonlinear nature of technology disruption cycles within the CRE business environment and how CRE leadership can better anticipate and prepare for change through ambidextrous thinking.
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Liao, Kun, Ozden Bayazit, and Fang Wang. "Building a Natural Disaster Risk Index for Supply Chain Operations." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 7, no. 4 (October 2014): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2014100102.
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Risk for an organization is associated with uncertainties in all areas of its operations. As firms move toward global sourcing, supply chain risk increases dramatically, which is linked to lower financial performance and market value. One major type of supply chain risk is disruptions caused by natural or man-made disasters. In this paper, major factors causing supply chain disruptions are identified based on resource dependency theory and contingency theory. As a result of the study, a comprehensive supply chain risk index for natural disasters is proposed by including two major factors (i.e. location and single source). Actions are suggested for supply chain managers to lower disruption risks within a supply chain when they use the risk index as a measure.
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von der Goltz, C., V. Vengeliene, F. Kiefer, and R. Spanagel. "Pharmacological Disruption of Alcohol-related Memories - Therapeutic Impact of the Theory of Memory Reconsolidation." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70540-1.
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Long-lasting memories that associate environmental stimuli with the effects of alcohol are known to be a main cause of relapse and are a major challenge in the treatment of alcohol addiction. It is reasonable to hypothesize that disrupting consolidated alcohol-related memories might help to prevent relapses. The reconsolidation theory states that a consolidated memory could again become labile and susceptible to disruption by protein synthesis inhibition or NMDA-antagonism after memory retrieval. This has been shown for cocaine- and morphine-associated memories in several recent studies. The aim of our investigations was to examine in an animal model for cue-induced relapse to alcohol-seeking behavior whether the behavioral impact of previously conditioned alcohol associated cues is significantly reduced by blocking the reconsolidation of learned alcohol associations. We show that reconsolidation of alcohol memories is disrupted by post-retrieval ICV-administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin. Similarly, post-retrieval i.p.-administration of the NMDA antagonist MK-801 reduced alcohol seeking behavior during the following test day as compared to vehicle treated rats. Pharmacological disruption of reconsolidation of alcohol-associated memories may thus provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of relapse in alcohol addiction.
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Ilieva, Evgenia. "Philosophical Hermeneutics and Comparative Political Theory." Journal of Dialogue Studies 3, no. 2 (2015): 5–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.55207/sppp2454.
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This paper examines Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics and its appropriation by Fred Dallmayr as a powerful alternative to Orientalism and political theory’s parochialism. Drawing on Gadamer, a number of comparative political theorists similarly invoke the tropes of provocation, self-disruption, and self-dislocation to highlight the benefits that ensue from cross-cultural dialogue and the encounter with non-Western texts. But absent a more concrete theorisation of how dialogue may unsettle and disrupt our self-understandings, the repeated invocation of this trope remains just a phrase. The aim of this paper is to problematise the easy separation of dialogue from power that prevails in much CPT literature. To this end, I use Joshua Casteel’s account of the encounter between an interrogator and detainee in his Letters from Abu Ghraib as an example of the kind of transformative self-disruption that comparative political theorists invoke but do not theorise.
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Scholten, Kirstin, Pamela Sharkey Scott, and Brian Fynes. "Building routines for non-routine events: supply chain resilience learning mechanisms and their antecedents." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 24, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 430–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-05-2018-0186.
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Purpose Organisations must build resilience to be able to deal with disruptions or non-routine events in their supply chains. While learning is implicit in definitions of supply chain resilience (SCRes), there is little understanding of how exactly organisations can adapt their routines to build resilience. The purpose of this study is to address this gap. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an in-depth qualitative case study based on 28 interviews across five companies, exploring learning to build SCRes. Findings This study uncovers six learning mechanisms and their antecedents that foster SCRes. The learning mechanisms identified suggest that through knowledge creation within an organisation and knowledge transfer across the supply chain and broader network of stakeholders, operating routines are built and/or adapted both intentionally and unintentionally during three stages of a supply chain disruption: preparation, response and recovery. Practical implications This study shows how the impact of a supply chain disruption may be reduced by intentional and unintentional learning in all three disruption phases. By being aware of the antecedents of unintentional learning, organisations can more consciously adapt routines. Furthermore, findings highlight the potential value of additional attention to knowledge transfer, particularly in relation to collaborative and vicarious learning across the supply chain and broader network of stakeholders not only in preparation for, but also in response to and recovery from disruptions. Originality/value This study contributes novel insights about how learning leads both directly and indirectly to the evolution of operating routines that help an organisation and its supply chains to deal with disruptions. Results detail six specific learning mechanisms for knowledge creation and knowledge transfer and their antecedents for building SCRes. In doing so, this study provides new fine-grained theoretical insights about how SCRes can be improved through all three phases of a disruption. Propositions are developed for theory development.
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Viña, Jose, Consuelo Borras, Kheira M. Abdelaziz, Rebeca Garcia-Valles, and Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera. "The Free Radical Theory of Aging Revisited: The Cell Signaling Disruption Theory of Aging." Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 19, no. 8 (September 10, 2013): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ars.2012.5111.
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Utesheva, Anastasia, Jason R. Simpson, and Dubravka Cecez-Kecmanovic. "Identity metamorphoses in digital disruption: a relational theory of identity." European Journal of Information Systems 25, no. 4 (July 2016): 344–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2015.19.
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Flavin, Michael. "Disruptive innovation and technology enhanced learning." Psychology of Education Review 45, no. 1 (2021): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsper.2021.45.1.17.
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This paper uses disruptive innovation theory as a lens through which to analyse technology enhanced learning in higher education. The paper also explores how higher education might be disrupted. Specific technologies are examined, including the Virtual Learning Environment and Wikipedia. Specific practices are analysed, including Bring Your Own Device. The article argues higher education has not been disrupted by technology to date, but that the conditions for disruption are increasingly propitious.Keywords:technology enhanced learning; disruptive innovation; virtual learning environment (VLE); bring your own device (BYOD); Wikipedia; higher education.
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Morris, Jeffrey B. "DISORIENTATION AND DISRUPTION IN “PARADISE REGAINED”." Milton Studies 26 (January 1, 1990): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/26395564.
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SMITH, WILLIAM. "Civil disobedience as transnational disruption." Global Constitutionalism 6, no. 3 (November 2017): 477–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204538171700020x.
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Abstract:Civil disobedience has been theorised as an informal guardian of the constitution in democratic societies, but such accounts struggle to accommodate protest that has an international or global dimension. This article addresses this issue through offering a theory of civil disobedience as transnational disruption. Civil disobedience is ‘transnational’ insofar as it is an appeal to a national, international or global public that highlights failures to observe moral, political or legal values that are an appropriate source of normative authority in global contexts. Civil disobedience is ‘disruptive’ insofar as it obstructs the routine activities of relevant parties in order to draw attention to the demands of protesters. The core argument is that civil disobedience can uphold normative standards that have been incorporated into a dense network of treaties, conventions and global regulatory frameworks. It can thus make a modest but valuable contribution to the processes through which publics deliberate about the meaning and interpretation of these contested norms.
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Drakakis, John. "Shakespeare, Reciprocity and Exchange." Critical Survey 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2018.300302.
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In his book The Structure of World History (2014) Kojin Karatani has argued that too little attention has been paid in Marxist historiography to the issue of ‘exchange’. In a number of Shakespearean texts ‘exchange’ and ‘reciprocity’ are of vital importance in sustaining social cohesion; in Romeo and Juliet, for example, radical disruptions of patterns of reciprocity and exchange expose an ambivalence that, in certain critical circumstances, inheres in language itself. The disruption that results from the perversion of these values is felt at every level of the social order, but particularly in the sphere of the ‘economic’, where money and trade become metaphors for the disturbance of the relation between language and action, word and object. This disruption is represented as a product of ‘nature’ but it also becomes a feature of a historically over-determined human psychology, and leads to a critical examination of different forms of government and social organization.