To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Disruption.
Journal articles on the topic 'Disruption'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Disruption.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Riccardo, V., and JET EFDA contributors. "Disruptions and disruption mitigation." Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 45, no. 12A (November 17, 2003): A269—A284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/45/12a/018.
Full text
2
Messina, Dario, Ana Cristina Barros, António Lucas Soares, and Aristides Matopoulos. "An information management approach for supply chain disruption recovery." International Journal of Logistics Management 31, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 489–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-11-2018-0294.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeTo study how supply chain decision makers gather, process and use the available internal and external information when facing supply chain disruptions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews relevant supply chain literature to build an information management model for disruption management. Afterwards, three case studies in the vehicle assembly sector, namely cars, trucks and aircraft wings, bring the empirical insights to the information management model.FindingsThis research characterises the phases of disruption management and identifies the information companies use to recover from a variety of disruptive events. It presents an information management model to enhance supply chain visibility and support disruption management at the operational level. Moreover, it arrives at two design propositions to help companies in the redesign of their disruption discovery and recovery processes.Originality/valueThis research studies how companies manage operational disruptions. The proposed information management model allows to provide visibility to support the disruption management process. Also, based on the analysis of the disruptions occurring at the operational level we propose a conceptual model to support decision makers in the recovery from daily disruptive events.
3
Riemer, Kai, and Robert B. Johnston. "Disruption as worldview change: A Kuhnian analysis of the digital music revolution." Journal of Information Technology 34, no. 4 (April 12, 2019): 350–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268396219835101.
Full textAbstract:
Why is it that technology-enabled industry disruptions appear entirely inevitable with hindsight, yet practitioners in disrupted businesses typically struggle to detect and respond appropriately to disruption while it is unfolding? We term this surprising contradiction ‘interpretive discontinuity’ and use it to problematize the established understanding of disruption in the literature. We suggest that the contradiction at the heart of interpretive discontinuity holds an important key to what exactly changes during disruption and why. By juxtaposing an empirical case of disruption in the music industry with theoretical resources sensitive to the nature of radical change – Thomas Kuhn’s work in the unrelated field of scientific practice – we demonstrate that it is productive to understand disruption as a Kuhnian paradigm shift. We are then able to trace interpretive discontinuity to the gestalt switch in worldview that accompanies such a paradigm shift. This insight sheds new light on both what is actually ‘disruptive’ about disruption and also on the limitations of prior work theorizing disruption. Our work is important because it adds to the literature on disruptive innovation important yet overlooked conceptual tools in Kuhn’s work – the role of exemplars, the worldview aspect of a paradigm, and paradigm incommensurability.
4
Bastian, Heather, and Jennifer Nish. "Toward Disruptive Agency." College Composition & Communication 75, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 389–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ccc2023752389.
Full textAbstract:
We take up disruption in this article to consider what sustained attention to disruption and its relationship to agency can bring to scholars and educators. We do so by revealing the ideological commitments, relationships, and labor that make disruption possible and valuable. We also look to Indigenous studies and new materialism to explore matter and ethical responsibilities at the interstices of rhetorical practice and work. From this, we propose a theory of disruptive agency that seeks to understand how disruptions emerge and how they can be rhetorically engaged for progressive change.
5
Roggema, Rob. "Design for Disruption: Creating Anti-Fragile Urban Delta Landscapes." Urban Planning 4, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i1.1469.
Full textAbstract:
In this article three different responses are taken as the starting point how different types of disruption could be dealt with. These responses—repair, bounce back and grow stronger—are combined with three disruptions (sea level rise, storm surge and heavy rainfall), and then tested in three case studies. The result of the investigation is that anti-fragility (grow stronger) is a preferential approach to create delta landscapes that become stronger under influence of a disruption. Anti-fragility is for this research subdivided in three main characteristics, abundance of networks, adaptivity and counterintuitivity, which are used to analyse the three case study propositions. The type of response, type of disruption, characteristic of anti-fragility and the qualities of the case study area itself determine the design proposition and the outcome. In all cases this approach has led to a stronger and safer landscape. The concept of anti-fragility impacts on the period before a disruption, during and also after the disruptive impact. This gives it a better point of departure in dealing with uncertain or unprecedented hazards and disruptions.
6
Jandri´ć, Petar, and Sarah Hayes. "The blockchain university: disrupting 'disruption'?" Networked Learning Conference 12 (August 16, 2024): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/nlc.v12.8658.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the promise of disruption of higher education offered by latest platform technologies - a combination of mobile applications for connecting teachers and students and blockchain technology for secure transactions of information and money. We start with a brief examination of several generations of technological disruptions arriving from the Silicon Valley with a special focus to educational technology. Showing that these disruptions are primarily focused to furthering capitalist mode of production, we question whether the latest disruption could provide different results. We briefly examine a historical (utopian) attempt at disrupting education described in Ivan Illich's book Deschooling Society (1971). While this analysis firmly belongs into the past, it presents us with important insights about connections between education, technology, capitalism and the environment which are just as relevant today. We proceed with an analysis of the world's first blockchain university - the Woolf University. Advertised as 'Uber for students, Airbnb for teachers', the Woolf University offers the seductive promise of radical transformation of higher education based on cooperative principles. We examine blockchain technology in detail and identify its main novelty - the transfer of trust from people to technologies. We briefly question this transfer, leaving a more detailed analysis for further research. Instead we focus to ideological underpinnings of the blockchain university, as they reflect to teaching, learning, and university administration. We show that further analyses of the blockchain university will be best supported by adopting a networked learning perspective and especially its wide body of knowledge about various (learning) connections. The Woolf University has not even admitted its first cohort of students, and the question remains as to whether Woolf will now adopt the blockchain in such a manner as to radically disrupt 'disruption', or it will simply blend into the existing powerful political, educational and economic structures. Our analysis, which is therefore based on early ideas about the development of the Woolf University, indicates that it has the potentials to offer cooperative learning to students, cooperative employment to academic workers, all the while retaining highest quality of teaching and learning modelled after ancient scholastic principles. On that basis, we conclude that the Woolf University, together with other adaptations of blockchain technology for educational purposes, does offer a lot of potential for fundamental disruption of higher education and should be closely watched in the times to come.
7
Nugroho, Arief Priyo, and Ardanareswari Ayu Pitaloka. "PHYSICIANS AND DISRUPTION ON TELEMEDICINE: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia 11, no. 2 (November 12, 2023): 244–353. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v11i2.2023.244-353.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Telemedicine has developed rapidly since the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine applications have marked significant transformations in healthcare. Rapid changes in healthcare services inevitably affect health service providers, specifically physicians. Aims: This study examines physicians' responses to a disruptive era in the healthcare industry. Methods: This paper applies a systematic literature review approach to characterize physicians’ experiences, challenges, and obstacles in managing disruption in the health service delivery context. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the Scopus database and borrowing PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) method. There were 78 articles included in the analysis. Results: This study found that doctors who use telemedicine experience several types of disruption. The studies that examine physicians’ experience in health service disruption tend to be dominant in 4 (four) out of 5 (five) disruption types. First, disruption to the current delivery mode. Second, disruption to clinical practice role and responsibility. Third, disruption to clinical practice role and responsibility. Fourth, disruption to the work environment. Meanwhile, the disruption in personal life becomes less elaborated in the telemedicine studies debate. Conclusion: It is essential to pay close attention to the disruptions that have an effect on physicians' personal lives. Personal life is essential because it benefits physicians and directly supports the quality and sustainability of telemedicine services. Keywords: Disruption, Physician, and Telemedicine.
8
Aymerich, E., G. Sias, F. Pisano, B. Cannas, S. Carcangiu, C. Sozzi, C. Stuart, P. J. Carvalho, A. Fanni, and JET Contributors. "Disruption prediction at JET through deep convolutional neural networks using spatiotemporal information from plasma profiles." Nuclear Fusion 62, no. 6 (April 4, 2022): 066005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac525e.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In view of the future high power nuclear fusion experiments, the early identification of disruptions is a mandatory requirement, and presently the main goal is moving from the disruption mitigation to disruption avoidance and control. In this work, a deep-convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed to provide early detection of disruptive events at JET. The CNN ability to learn relevant features, avoiding hand-engineered feature extraction, has been exploited to extract the spatiotemporal information from 1D plasma profiles. The model is trained with regularly terminated discharges and automatically selected disruptive phase of disruptions, coming from the recent ITER-like-wall experiments. The prediction performance is evaluated using a set of discharges representative of different operating scenarios, and an in-depth analysis is made to evaluate the performance evolution with respect to the considered experimental conditions. Finally, as real-time triggers and termination schemes are being developed at JET, the proposed model has been tested on a set of recent experiments dedicated to plasma termination for disruption avoidance and mitigation. The CNN model demonstrates very high performance, and the exploitation of 1D plasma profiles as model input allows us to understand the underlying physical phenomena behind the predictor decision.
9
Yang, Zongyu, Fan Xia, Xianming Song, Zhe Gao, Shuo Wang, and Yunbo Dong. "In-depth research on the interpretable disruption predictor in HL-2A." Nuclear Fusion 61, no. 12 (November 12, 2021): 126042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac31d8.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In-depth research is implemented on the disruption predictor in HL-2A to improve the accuracy and interpretability of the model. For higher accuracy, four adjustments are tried to solve four corresponding problems in a baseline model. Reductive comparison experiments are designed to evaluate their contribution to performance. The result shows that these adjustments together can improve the AUC (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) of the baseline model by 0.039. For interpretability of model, an interpretation method is proposed to evaluate the real-time importance of each input signal. The result of single shot interpretation shows good coherence with the causes of disruptions. To further validate the reasonability of this interpretation method, disruption causes of shot nos. 20000–36000 are analysed to make a disruption cause dataset. Statistical analysis of the output of the interpretation algorithm on this dataset also shows a good coherence with the disruption causes. Then a Bayes classifier is developed to recognize the cause of disruption based on the interpretation algorithm’s output. This classifier has an accuracy of 71.2% on the labelled dataset, which contains 605 disruptive shots categorized into five disruption causes.
10
Kharlov, L. "Modelling the Disruptive Innovations." Review of Business and Economics Studies 8, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2308-944x-2020-8-2-29-33.
Full textAbstract:
Horse carriages, film cameras, and traditional encyclopedia were dethroned by the once bizarre cars, digital cameras, and online resources, respectively. Although such major shifts were happening for at least one hundred years by now, the Theory of disruptive innovations was designed only in the late nineties by a prominent academic and business consultant Clayton Christensen. So, the main questions of my paper are how do disruptive innovations proceed and what are the factors causing the disruption? The existing literature provides a substantial critique of Christensen’s theory and taken this into account. I propose that the disruptions usually succeed due to the random factors or the ones not directly connected to disruption Theory and unfold favourably for incumbents irrespectively of their strategical choices.
11
Khasinah, Siti, and Elviana Elviana. "Jenis dan Faktor Disrupsi di Kelas, Pencegahan dan Penanganan Guru." Jurnal MUDARRISUNA: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam 12, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jm.v12i2.14786.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the types of disruptive behaviors of students in school classroom and the factors which cause them, as well as teachers’ intervention in preventing and intervening the disruption. All data in this qualitative descriptive study were obtained from interviews with 7 teachers from SMKN 1 Kota Banda Aceh, Lhoksemawe, and Langsa. The results showed that there were various types of disruptions made by students with various factors causing them. It was also found that teachers provided varied interventions in preventing and overcoming disruptive behavior in their classes. Interventions are given according to the disruption that occurs such as extinction, verbal reprimand, punishment, and referrals to outside resources such as other teachers, homeroom teachers, parents, school principals and counseling teachers.
12
Parast, Mahour Mellat, and Nachiappan Subramanian. "An examination of the effect of supply chain disruption risk drivers on organizational performance: evidence from Chinese supply chains." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 26, no. 4 (January 22, 2021): 548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-07-2020-0313.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship of supply chain disruption risk drivers to supply chain performance and firm performance outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Four disruption risk drivers for a supply chain are identified, namely, demand disruption risk, supply disruption risk, process disruption risk and environment disruption risk. A cross-sectional survey was developed and data was collected from 315 Chinese firms to determine the relationship of supply chain disruption risks to supply chain performance and firm performance. Findings The empirical findings show that supply disruption risks and process disruption risks have a significant impact on supply chain performance. In addition, this paper shows that supply disruptions, demand disruptions and process disruptions are significantly related to firm performance. This paper shows that supply chain disruption risks have different effects on supply chain performance and firm performance. Managers should be aware that disruption risk drivers can have an impact on firm performance that is different from their impact on supply chain performance. An important finding of the study is that the magnitude of the impact of disruption risks on supply chain performance is greater on the upstream side of the supply chain than on the downstream side of the supply chain. Originality/value This is one of the early studies to examine the effect of supply chain disruption risk drivers on both firm performance and supply chain performance. An important finding of the study is that the magnitude of the impact of disruption risks on supply chain performance is greater on the upstream side of the supply chain than on the downstream side of the supply chain.
13
Andres, Beatriz, and Giulio Marcucci. "A Strategies Alignment Approach to Manage Disruptive Events in Collaborative Networks." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 2641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072641.
Full textAbstract:
Enterprises of the supply chain are currently embedded in dynamic and turbulent environments, having to deal with the appearance of disruptive events. When an enterprise is affected by a disruptive event, the consequences of the disruption not only impact in the enterprise itself, but also influences on the other partners of the network to which it belongs. Thus, disruptive events exceed the capability of individual actors, impacting on the network performance. Consequently, network partners have to collaboratively make decisions to soften the negative impacts on the performance. In this regard, after a disruption takes place, network enterprises should be aware of activating a set of sustainable and resilience strategies that attenuate the performance loss and reduce the disruption recovery time. Nevertheless, the diverse nature of disruptions means that a wide range of varied and sometimes contradictory strategies can be formulated, resulting in conflict situations among the collaborative network (CN) partners. The current paper proposes an approach that makes it possible to collaboratively manage the strategies to activate when a disruptive event occurs, so that the selected strategies are aligned. The strategies alignment approach, proposed in the paper, makes it possible to select those strategies that have a positive impact, or a minimum negative impact, on the objectives defined, not only in the enterprise itself, but also in the objectives defined by the rest of CN partners. The alignment of strategies makes it possible to reduce the performance level loss when a disruption takes place. Thus, the strategies alignment approach aims at activating those strategies that maximize the performance of the CN, achieving levels of performance equal or higher than the levels previous to the disruption, limiting the adverse effects produced by the disruptive events, and contributing to a more sustainable–resilient CN. Finally, in order to validate the proposal, a case study is presented. The proposed model is validated to deal with a drop in demand due to a political embargo, in a textile CN.
14
Amiruddin, Siti Zubaidah, Hawa Hishamuddin, Noraida Azura Darom, and Hilmi Hisyam Naimin. "A Case Study of Carbon Emissions from Logistic Activities During Supply Chain Disruptions." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(2)-07.
Full textAbstract:
Supply chain disruptions have significant negative effects on logistics operations, in which recovery actions could in turn affect the environment if certain green precautions are not undertaken. The objective of this research is to assess the effect of disruption on carbon emissions from logistics activities in the supply chain. A case study was carried out in this study to identify the factors of supply chain disruptions that affect logistics operations, and investigate the impact of the disruptions on the environment. Data collection using the Fuel Monitor application and real disruption data from a selected company were used to quantify the carbon emissions during disruption and non-disruption scenarios. Analysis of the study found that carbon emissions during disruption events increased to approximately 18 – 20 % as compared to normal operations. This is due to the increase in travelling distance in order to fulfill customer backorders during the disruption occurrence. The carbon emission amount was slightly higher when using fuel consumption as reference data in comparison to distance travelled, as fuel consumption takes into account the driving behaviour and efficiency of the truck engines. This study is useful for analyzing the impact of supply chain disruptions on the environment, particularly from the post-disruption recovery decisions.
15
Kungwalsong, Kanokporn, Chen-Yang Cheng, Chumpol Yuangyai, and Udom Janjarassuk. "Two-Stage Stochastic Program for Supply Chain Network Design under Facility Disruptions." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052596.
Full textAbstract:
A supply chain disruption is an unanticipated event that disrupts the flow of materials in a supply chain. Any given supply chain disruption could have a significant negative impact on the entire supply chain. Supply chain network designs usually consider two stage of decision process in a business environment. The first stage deals with strategic levels, such as to determine facility locations and their capacity, while the second stage considers in a tactical level, such as production quantity, delivery routing. Each stage’s decision could affect the other stage’s result, and it could not be determined individual. However, supply chain network designs often fail to account for supply chain disruptions. In this paper, this paper proposed a two-stage stochastic programming model for a four-echelon global supply chain network design problem considering possible disruptions at facilities. A modified simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is developed to determine the strategic decision at the first stage. The comparison of traditional supply chain network decision framework shows that under disruption, the stochastic solutions outperform the traditional one. This study demonstrates the managerial viability of the proposed model in designing a supply chain network in which disruptive events are proactively accounted for.
16
Marra, Alessio Daniele, and Francesco Corman. "From Delay to Disruption: Impact of Service Degradation on Public Transport Networks." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 10 (August 17, 2020): 886–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120940989.
Full textAbstract:
Public transport networks (PTN) are affected daily by different types of disturbances. In fact, between a single delay and a long service interruption, there is a range of disruptions with different impacts, depending on their characteristics. Despite this, in literature, the common definition of disruption is a link closure for a certain amount of time. Low interest is given to different types of disruptions or to the connection between delays and disruptions. In addition, in multimodal PTN a physical link closure is not always observable, but rather people experience delays or cancelled stops on different lines. The aim of this work is to explore the relationship between delays and disruptions, analyzing different degrees of disruptions, in relation to duration, delay, size, and network characteristics. Real disturbances of the PTNs in Zürich and Bern, Switzerland, are analyzed to identify disruptions with different characteristics. Therefore, the disruption impact is computed on simulated origin–destinations (ODs), based on the sets of possible paths with and without the disruption. For this purpose, a choice set generation algorithm is used. Finally, relationships between the disruption characteristics and the impact are analyzed to identify the main features of a disruption.
17
Storme, Matthias E. "On Courts Disrupting or Minimizing Disruption and on Law Dealing with Technological Disruption." European Review of Private Law 28, Issue 4 (October 1, 2020): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2020048.
Full text
18
Sawik, Tadeusz. "Stochastic versus Deterministic Approach to Coordinated Supply Chain Scheduling." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3460721.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to consider coordinated selection of supply portfolio and scheduling of production and distribution in supply chains under regional and local disruption risks. Unlike many papers that assume the all-or-nothing supply disruption pattern, in this paper, only the regional disruptions belong to the all-or-nothing disruption category, while for the local disruptions all disruption levels can be considered. Two biobjective decision-making models, stochastic, based on the wait-and-see approach, and deterministic, based on the expected value approach, are proposed and compared to optimize the trade-off between expected cost and expected service. The main findings indicate that the stochastic programming wait-and-see approach with its ability to handle uncertainty by probabilistic scenarios of disruption events and the much simpler expected value problem, in which the random parameters are replaced by their expected values, lead to similar expected performance of a supply chain under multilevel disruptions. However, the stochastic approach, which accounts for all potential disruption scenarios, leads to a more diversified supply portfolio that will hedge against a variety of scenarios.
19
Duchastel de Montrouge, Catherine. "Shipping Disability/Fanfiction: Disrupting Narratives of Fanfiction as Inclusive." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 8, no. 2 (April 28, 2019): 10–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v8i2.489.
Full textAbstract:
In this essay I will first give a definition of what fanfiction is within the wider online environment of online participatory cultures, as well examine whether inclusiveness holds up as a defining characteristic when disability is taken into consideration. I then examine how the development of fanfiction as a creative practice and of fanfiction-specific genres, have contributed to the queering of fanfiction spaces and practices Finally I argue that subversion and transgression are not best suited to conceptualize fanfiction, and that instead disruption can generate more apt interrogations. Specifically, disruption allows for us to explore fanfiction as both disrupting heteronormative narratives, gendered and fan behaviour expectations, and as disrupting the notion of the fan as a somehow homogenous construction. This affords disability the possibility of being disruptive in turn.
20
Jan van der Veen, Egbert, Dimitrios A. Giannoulas, Marco Guglielmi, Thijs Uunk, and Daniel Schubert. "Disruptive Space Technologies." International Journal of Space Technology Management and Innovation 2, no. 2 (July 2012): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijstmi.2012070102.
Full textAbstract:
The theory of Disruptive Technologies explains the evolution of technologies that disturb the status quo of both dominant technology platforms and competitive market layouts. In this paper, the theory of Disruptive Technologies for the space sector is explored. This exploration is required because the Disruptive Technology theory is currently based upon the innovation dynamics of mass consumer markets, which are significantly different from the dynamics of the low volume, highly governmentally influenced space sector. The objective is to clarify the dynamics of innovation in space (with particular respect to technological disruptions) in order to help decision makers in their effort to support innovation in the development of space technologies. This is done by analyzing the dynamics of the space sector and the theory of Disruptive Technologies in respect to its applicability to the space sector. The result of these analyses leads to the creation of a theory that is tailored to the specific innovation dynamics of the space sector. The theory is termed Disruptive Space Technologies. Key element of this theory is the fact that Disruptive Technologies in the space sector focus mainly on technology disruption rather than market disruption.
21
Kumschick, Irina Rosa, Cécile Tschopp, Larissa Maria Troesch, and Annette Tettenborn. "Disruption Management Interacts with Positive and Negative Emotions in the Classroom: Results from a Simulation-Based Study." Education Sciences 14, no. 9 (September 2, 2024): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090966.
Full textAbstract:
The conduct of teachers, especially in handling disruptions, significantly impacts the comfort of students. This research investigates the correlation between preservice teachers’ effectiveness in terms of managing disruptions and the emotions experienced by both engaged and disruptive students. In an experimental simulation, we crafted a classroom scenario wherein preservice teachers engaged in handling severe disruptions over a 10-min period. During the simulation, other preservice teachers assumed the roles of either engaged or disruptive students, following specific behaviour guidelines. Afterwards, the student role players completed questionnaires to gauge their perceptions of positive and negative emotions, as well as to assess the effectiveness of the teacher’s management of disruptions. Notably, interaction effects were observed between preservice teachers’ disruption management strategies and the students’ roles (either engaged or disruptive) on their emotional responses. When preservice teachers effectively managed the classroom during the simulation, those acting as engaged students reported higher levels of positive emotions and fewer negative emotions. In contrast, when classroom management was ineffective, participants portraying disruptive students experienced more positive emotions and fewer negative emotions. The educational implications of these results are considered and discussed.
22
Bongomin, Ocident, Aregawi Yemane, Brendah Kembabazi, Clement Malanda, Mwewa Chikonkolo Mwape, Nonsikelelo Sheron Mpofu, and Dan Tigalana. "Industry 4.0 Disruption and Its Neologisms in Major Industrial Sectors: A State of the Art." Journal of Engineering 2020 (October 10, 2020): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8090521.
Full textAbstract:
Very well into the dawn of the fourth industrial revolution (industry 4.0), humankind can hardly distinguish between what is artificial and what is natural (e.g., man-made virus and natural virus). Thus, the level of discombobulation among people, companies, or countries is indeed unprecedented. The fact that industry 4.0 is explosively disrupting or retrofitting each and every industrial sector makes industry 4.0 the famous buzzword amongst researchers today. However, the insight of industry 4.0 disruption into the industrial sectors remains ill-defined in both academic and nonacademic literature. The present study aimed at identifying industry 4.0 neologisms, understanding the industry 4.0 disruption and illustrating the disruptive technology convergence in the major industrial sectors. A total of 99 neologisms of industry 4.0 were identified. Industry 4.0 disruption in the education industry (education 4.0), energy industry (energy 4.0), agriculture industry (agriculture 4.0), healthcare industry (healthcare 4.0), and logistics industry (logistics 4.0) was described. The convergence of 12 disruptive technologies including 3D printing, artificial intelligence, augmented reality, big data, blockchain, cloud computing, drones, Internet of Things, nanotechnology, robotics, simulation, and synthetic biology in agriculture, healthcare, and logistics industries was illustrated. The study divulged the need for extensive research to expand the application areas of the disruptive technologies in the industrial sectors.
23
Krüger, Magret, Johannes Ackermann, Daniar Osmonov, Veronika Günther, Dirk Bauerschlag, Johannes Hensler, Jan-Hendrik Egberts, et al. "Impact of Acoustic and Interactive Disruptive Factors during Robot-Assisted Surgery—A Virtual Surgical Training Model." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 17, 2020): 5891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205891.
Full textAbstract:
The use of virtual reality trainers for teaching minimally invasive surgical techniques has been established for a long time in conventional laparoscopy as well as robotic surgery. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of reproducible disruptive factors on the surgeon’s work. In a cross-sectional investigation, surgeons were tested with regard to the impact of different disruptive factors when doing exercises on a robotic-surgery simulator (Mimic Flex VRTM). Additionally, we collected data about the participants’ professional experience, gender, age, expertise in playing an instrument, and expertise in playing video games. The data were collected during DRUS 2019 (Symposium of the German Society for Robot-assisted Urology). Forty-two surgeons attending DRUS 2019 were asked to participate in a virtual robotic stress training unit. The surgeons worked in various specialties (visceral surgery, gynecology, and urology) and had different levels of expertise. The time taken to complete the exercise (TTCE), the final score (FSC), and blood loss (BL) were measured. In the basic exercise with an interactive disruption, TTCE was significantly longer (p < 0.01) and FSC significantly lower (p < 0.05). No significant difference in TTCE, FSC, or BL was noted in the advanced exercise with acoustic disruption. Performance during disruption was not dependent on the level of surgical experience, gender, age, expertise in playing an instrument, or playing video games. A positive correlation was registered between self-estimation and surgical experience. Interactive disruptions have a greater impact on the performance of a surgeon than acoustic ones. Disruption affects the performance of experienced as well as inexperienced surgeons. Disruption in daily surgery should be evaluated and minimized in the interest of the patient’s safety.
24
de Goede, Evert, Jaco Nel, and Wesley Niemann. "Guiding buyer-supplier relationships through supply chain disruptions: a study of South African 3PLs and clients." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(2).2018.11.
Full textAbstract:
Even though a lot of attention has been directed towards risk management, disruptions are inevitably present within supply chains and should therefore be successfully managed if organizations are to thrive in today’s ever-changing world. How organizations respond to these disruptions has an impact on the relationship between the parties involved. This study explored what factors influenced buyer-supplier relationships in either a strengthening or weakening manner within a disruption context. A generic qualitative research approach was used to gather data by conducting semi-structured interviews with 24 participants that consisted of 3PLs and clients who have experienced a recent disruption between each other. This study reported on the relational factors within pre-, during- and post- disruption phases. A total of 18 strengthening factors were identified with the majority being classified into the during-disruption phase. The factors that added to existing disruption literature included having a mutual business understanding, problem solving ability and an introspective focus when resolving disruptions. Twelve weakening factors emerged from the data. Common business problems, a lack of, or weak prior relationship, no mutual business understanding and the occurrence and late detection of the disruption are novel findings. Practitioners gain value from this study as it equips them to manage supply chain disruptions successfully by highlighting important strengthening and weakening relational factors to consider when working with supply chain members to resolve disruptions. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by being one of the first empirical studies conducted on the relational effects of supply chain disruptions in a developing country context.
25
Mohd Sudin, Nurul Anis, Hawa Hishamuddin, Muhammad Idham Sabtu, Hilmi Hisyam Naimin, and Nurhadi Siswanto. "A Recovery Model for an Inventory Sistem Subject to Supply Disruption and Quality Uncertainty." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 32, no. 2 (May 30, 2020): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2020-32(2)-16.
Full textAbstract:
The risk of supply chain disruptions can occur from a variety of events that make disruptions almost inevitable. Previous studies did not consider the quality uncertainty that can be affected by supply shortages. This paper presents a disruption recovery model for a single stage production and inventory system with consideration of disruption and quality uncertainties. The inventory system may experience a variety of disruptions such as supply chain disruptions, transportation disruptions and interruptions in the quality of the product. Therefore, management must make decisions quickly and efficiently to overcome these disruptions with minimum cost possible. The disruption recovery model was developed to help managers in making the right decisions and without affecting the production when the interruptions happen. Numerical examples are used to illustrate and examine the effectiveness and benefits of the mathematical model in solving the problem of supply disruption and quality uncertainty caused by the production process. Next, the model is optimized using LINGO software. This study showed that the optimal recovery schedule obtained is dependent on the percentage of products that have quality problems as well as other cost parameters. If the percentage of damaged goods in the production increases, the overall cost for recovery will also increase dramatically. Thus, the proposed model is seen to be a very useful tool to help managers make the right decisions on the optimal recovery plan during disruption occurences.
26
Lee, Jane, Lavanya Marla, and Alexandre Jacquillat. "Dynamic Disruption Management in Airline Networks Under Airport Operating Uncertainty." Transportation Science 54, no. 4 (July 2020): 973–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2020.0983.
Full textAbstract:
Air traffic disruptions result in flight delays, cancellations, passenger misconnections, and ultimately high costs to aviation stakeholders. This paper proposes a jointly reactive and proactive approach to airline disruption management, which optimizes recovery decisions in response to realized disruptions and in anticipation of future disruptions. The approach forecasts future disruptions partially and probabilistically by estimating systemic delays at hub airports (and the uncertainty thereof) and ignoring other contingent disruptions. It formulates a dynamic stochastic integer programming framework to minimize network-wide expected disruption recovery costs. Specifically, our Stochastic Reactive and Proactive Disruption Management (SRPDM) model combines a stochastic queuing model of airport congestion, a flight planning tool from Boeing/Jeppesen and an integer programming model of airline disruption recovery. We develop a solution procedure based on look-ahead approximation and sample average approximation, which enables the model’s implementation in short computational times. Experimental results show that leveraging even partial and probabilistic estimates of future disruptions can reduce expected recovery costs by 1%–2%, as compared with a myopic baseline approach based on realized disruptions alone. These benefits are mainly driven by the deliberate introduction of departure holds to reduce expected fuel costs, flight cancellations, and aircraft swaps.
27
Seymour, Matt. "Complexity, Contradiction, and Carnival: Microethnographic Research on Student Disruption in a High School English Language Arts Classroom." Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia 40 (October 12, 2018): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/actpaed.2018.0.11889.
Full textAbstract:
[full article in English]
When teaching, many educators must respond to unruly and disruptive students. While most scholarship on student disruption focuses on classroom management strategies and tactics, few studies consider the nature of the disruption, its ideological significance and the social consequences that follows. Via ethnographic methods and microethnographic discourse analysis, this paper examines the complexity and contradictions of macro- and microstructures as they manifest during a student’s disruption of a classroom discussion of a novel in an 11th and 12th grade English Language Arts class in the United States. Using Bakhtin’s notion of carnival as a theoretical framework, this paper examines the pattern of disruption in the classroom that evoked multiple and contradictory ideologies and both maintained and subverted power structures in the context. Contrary to the belief that classroom disruptions are always challenges to power, they sometimes reinforced power relations on a broader cultural level. This paper urges that research and scholarship embrace complexity and contradiction as inherent in the interactions of people in schools and seeks to rethink how educators view and respond to classroom disruption. It concludes by advocating that embracing complexity and contradiction will better allow teachers and researchers to think through systems of education as a way to effectively and ethically intervene when these structures prove problematic.
28
Angle, Daryan, Grant Larsen, Alan Ulsifer, and Patrice Lacoste. "The Future – Disruptive Optometry." Canadian Journal of Optometry 80, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.80.268.
Full textAbstract:
Change is the only constant. How our profession embraces, and indeed leads, disruption will be the key to our collective successful future. The pace of disruption, both in our world and in our industry, is accelerating, forcing independent optometrists to examine their practices with a view to meeting changing patient needs and embracing technology, while also ensuring patient safety. This opportunity allows the profession of optometry to get ahead of the curve and lead change, rather than be a victim of it. The Canadian Association of Optometrists invited four leaders in the industry to provide their perspectives on disruptive optometry and how optometrists can be the disruptor, rather than the disrupted.
29
Ding, Can, Li Liu, Yi Zheng, Jianxiu Liao, and Wenxing Huang. "Role of Distribution Centers Disruptions in New Retail Supply Chain: An Analysis Experiment." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 6529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116529.
Full textAbstract:
The convergence of physical stores and e-commerce has led to the emergence of a new retail business mode in the retail industry. In today’s world, new retail supply chains face the potential risks of disruption caused by natural and man-made disasters, and epidemics. In this paper, we simulate a three-stage new retail supply chain consisting of suppliers, manufacturers, and a retailer with online and offline channels in the AnyLogistix simulation and optimization software. We develop a simulation model to analyze the effects of various supply chain node disruptions on new retail supply chain performance and service level with consideration of four scenarios: disruption-free; manufacturer disruption; warehouse center disruption; offline store disruption. The main results show that supply chain node disruptions have negative impacts on the performance and service level. Besides, the warehouse center disruption has the most devastating effect on this new retail supply chain. Overall, this paper provides insights for decision-makers to consider disruption issues when designing resilient new retail supply chains.
30
Maddock, Jane, Sam Parsons, Giorgio Di Gessa, Michael J. Green, Ellen J. Thompson, Anna J. Stevenson, Alex SF Kwong, et al. "Inequalities in healthcare disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from 12 UK population-based longitudinal studies." BMJ Open 12, no. 10 (October 2022): e064981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064981.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesWe investigated associations between multiple sociodemographic characteristics (sex, age, occupational social class, education and ethnicity) and self-reported healthcare disruptions during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCoordinated analysis of prospective population surveys.SettingCommunity-dwelling participants in the UK between April 2020 and January 2021.ParticipantsOver 68 000 participants from 12 longitudinal studies.OutcomesSelf-reported healthcare disruption to medication access, procedures and appointments.ResultsPrevalence of healthcare disruption varied substantially across studies: between 6% and 32% reported any disruption, with 1%–10% experiencing disruptions in medication, 1%–17% experiencing disruption in procedures and 4%–28% experiencing disruption in clinical appointments. Females (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.40; I2=54%), older persons (eg, OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.72; I2=77% for 65–75 years vs 45–54 years) and ethnic minorities (excluding white minorities) (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.35; I2=0% vs white) were more likely to report healthcare disruptions. Those in a more disadvantaged social class were also more likely to report healthcare disruptions (eg, OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.27; I2=0% for manual/routine vs managerial/professional), but no clear differences were observed by education. We did not find evidence that these associations differed by shielding status.ConclusionsHealthcare disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic could contribute to the maintenance or widening of existing health inequalities.
31
Nagao, Takaki, Hiromasa Ijuin, Tetsuo Yamada, Keisuke Nagasawa, and Lei Zhou. "COVID-19 Disruption Strategy for Redesigning Global Supply Chain Network across TPP Countries." Logistics 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics6010002.
Full textAbstract:
Background: COVID-19 has disrupted and adversely affected supply chains worldwide. A global supply chain network that considers disruptions is needed. This study strategically analyzes the economic and structural effects of disruption on a global supply chain network with customs duty and the trans-pacific partnership (TPP) agreement. Methods: We present a cost minimization model which helps in understanding the difficulty of supplying materials or products to factories or customers if the supplier’s cities are facing disruption. This enables us to model and evaluate simultaneous considerations of supplier disruption, customs duty, and TPP in redesigning a global supply chain network. This network is modeled and formulated using integer programming, disruption scenarios, and a sensitivity analysis for customs duty. Results: Regarding the impact of disruptions on suppliers, two patterns emerge in the reconfigured network: direct changes due to supplier disruptions and indirect changes due to factory relocation. The sensitivity analysis for customs duty shows that the TPP has a positive impact on cost maintained, even in the presence of disruptions. Conclusions: Suppliers should be switched depending on the scale of disruption; when many distant suppliers need to be switched, the factory should be relocated to the country where these suppliers are located.
32
Wang, Weixin, Jiafu Su, Jin Xu, and Xianlong Ge. "Reactive Strategies in the Multiproject Scheduling with Multifactor Disruptions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (May 30, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3154047.
Full textAbstract:
Multiproject scheduling aims at the generation of the baseline schedules, which has been studied for several years with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the project. In this paper, we analyzed the impact of network structure disruption, activity disruption, and resource disruption on scheduling scheme, respectively; this problem is related to the disruptions in scheduling process, which leads to a deviation between actual scheduling and baseline scheduling. The mode of the related activities is changed and the start time is reset. Because it is a NP-hard problem and involves a large number of activities, the dual population genetic algorithm is designed to solve this problem. From the results of case analysis, we find that single disruption on scheduling was local, when there was no resource conflict. While multifactor disruptions have greater effect on duration and total cost, multifactor disruptions would affect each other, so it was more complicated.
33
LACOURBE, PAUL. "BALANCING THE DUAL ROLE OF DISRUPTOR AND DISRUPTEE." International Journal of Innovation Management 17, no. 04 (August 2013): 1350017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919613500175.
Full textAbstract:
In the framework of disruptive technology, a new product plays the role of a disruptor when it improves quality and captures exisiting consumers from the incumbent. While the profit of the new product typically increases as it moves into the more lucrative segment of the market, such an upstream movement leaves more consumers at the low end unserved, who may become a potential market for even newer products that will disrupt the new product. In this paper, we use modelling approach to study how the firm may deal with this dilemma. In our model setting, we are able to show that the disruptor may balance its profit and risk of being disrupted by appropriately slowing down its migration into the high end. If migration to the high end is strategically important and should not be slowed down, the firm can still defend against disruption by offering a low end product, which is a better option than pure price cutting. Finally, we find that the accessory dimension makes it more likely to have disruption, which explains why new disruptors tend to be superior on accessory dimensions. The firm has more incentive to invest in cost reduction rather than to improve an accessory dimension, because cost reduction helps in capturing more wealthy customers, while improving an accessory dimension helps in capturing more poor consumers. So the disruptors are more likely to focus on disrupting because it is more profitable, rather than investing to improve the accessory dimension to defend against newer disruptors. The existing literature on disruptive technology has so far focused on the interaction between the product that disrupts and the product that is disrupted. Our analysis sheds light on a different angle of the phenomenon, that is, how a product that disrupts and that is disrupted simultaneously.
34
Zhang, Huan, Yang Liu, and Jingsi Huang. "Supply Chain Coordination Contracts under Double Sided Disruptions Simultaneously." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/812043.
Full textAbstract:
Supply chain coordination models are developed in a two-echelon supply chain with double sided disruptions. In a supply chain system, the supplier may suffer from the product cost disruption and the retailer suffers from the demand disruption simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to design proper supply chain contracts, under which the supply chain with double sided disruption can be coordinated. Firstly, the centralized decision-making models are applied to find the optimal price and quantity under three cases as the baseline. The different cases are divided by the different relationship between the product cost disruption and the demand disruption. Secondly, two different types of contracts are introduced to coordinate the whole supply chain. One is all-unit wholesale quantity discount policy (AQDP) contract, and the other one is capacitated linear pricing policy (CLPP) contract. And it is found out that the gap between the demand disruption and the product cost disruption is the key factor to influence the supply chain coordination. Some numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the models. The AQDP contracts are listed out under different cases to show how to use it under double sided disruptions.
35
Grenfell, Tallessyn Zawn. "Unshakeable Hope: Pandemic Disruption, Climate Disruption, and the Ultimate Test of Theologies of Abundance." Religions 13, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13050404.
Full textAbstract:
Leaders on the forefront of the rapidly escalating climate crisis continually seek effective strategies to help communities stay engaged without burning out or spiraling into despair. This paper examines the concept of adaptive change for its potential to reframe disruption and intentionally harness its potential for building resilience in both practical and psychological ways. In particular, social science suggests that secure communal bonds lay the foundation for the adaptive ability to build resilience through and from disruption. Swiss history offers an intriguing example of this phenomenon: held up as a model for its social, political, and ecological resilience, Swiss democracy evolved as part of the restructuring of society after a series of disruptive historical pandemics. This paper uses the Swiss example and the current COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease) pandemic in order to explore the potential of transcendent and adaptive sociological and theological frameworks for the development of robust concepts of resilience in the face of climate destabilization. It further argues that a wide theological interpretation of Eucharistic abundance offers a lens through which to claim the liberative resurrection of disruptions, even, or perhaps especially, in the extreme case of human or planetary annihilation.
36
Zavala, Araceli, David Nowicki, and Jose Emmanuel Ramirez-Marquez. "Quantitative metrics to analyze supply chain resilience and associated costs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 233, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 186–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x18766738.
Full textAbstract:
The growth of global supply chains has allowed trading partners to experience synergistic, economic expansion and increase their competitive success. At the same time, reliance on global supply chains exposes its trading partners to unforeseen disruptions. While the economic benefits are tremendous, they are not without risk as global supply chains are by their very nature susceptible to a wide array of disruptions. Methods that mitigate the effect of disruption directly contribute to the competitive success of global supply chain networks. One approach for mitigating the effects of disruption is to increase resilience. Thus, this research focuses on understanding supply chain vulnerability and how to return the supply chain to its desirable performance level after a disruptive event by reconfiguring the supply chain network. This article frames this foundational work in the context of systems theory to add to the body of resilience research by providing a time-dependent definition of supply chain resilience. This article then provides a mathematical model, based on inventory theory that operationalizes that definition. The model is presented in the context of a multi-echelon, post-production support network of a sustainment-dominated system such as those found in the aerospace, defense, utilities, and construction industries. The model demonstrates the post-disruption resilience at each supply chain network node along with the investment necessary to restore the network.
37
McCormick, Cameron A., Wilkins Aquino, Chandler Smith, and Timothy Walsh. "Predicting cross-barrier communication disruption using adaptive Support Vector Machines." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015975.
Full textAbstract:
Certain applications may exist where it is necessary to transmit data between two sides of a physical barrier without compromising the structure of the barrier itself. This may be the case when the barrier separates personnel from dangerous conditions or when sensitive electronics are hermetically sealed. One solution is to use mechanical waves to transmit data across the barrier directly. However, this solution is susceptible to new environmental disruptions that can compromise the data stream, such as mechanical vibrations from components in contact with the barrier. Comprehensively evaluating the entire range of expected environmental disruptions can be prohibitive. This work will present the application of Support Vector Machines (SVMs) to adaptively predict environments in which data disruption is expected to occur. The problem is cast as a binary classification problem, for which SVMs are one of the leading machine learning algorithms. The adaptive SVM approach is able to accurately predict disruptive environmental conditions while exploring only a small subset of the entire range. Knowledge of the environmental conditions that lead to data disruption will then enable the design of experiments for validation.SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525
38
Konieczna, Agnieszka. "Teachers’ changing practices for “disruption management” in the classroom." Problemy Opiekuńczo-Wychowawcze 614, no. 9 (November 30, 2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1278.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this article is to present the main aspects of teachers’ responses to students’ disruptive behaviours during lessons, analysed in the context of changes that are taking place in the approach to institutional practices in this area. In the modern school, effective “disruption management” is a considerable challenge for the teacher, but also a priority. Teachers are under tremendous pressure as their responses to student misbehaviour are evaluated and are a marker of their competence. Two different ways of conceptualizing practices to correct disruptive student behaviour are compared. The changes offered by the new approach to methods of reducing undesirable classroom disruptions seem very promising, but also impose new responsibilities on the teacher. The review of the literature presented in this article aims to prepare a solid ground for research in this area. Increased knowledge on how to respond to disruptive student behaviour in everyday teaching situations can also be valuable for teacher training institutions and thus contribute to improving the quality of education.
39
Smith, Jennifer. "Vocal disruptions in the aural game world: The female entertainer in The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt, Transistor and Divinity: Original Sin II." Soundtrack 11, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ts_00006_1.
Full textAbstract:
The voice as disruption is not a new concept. Disruptions to discourses, relationships and lifestyles can be caused by the insertion of the voice. In video games, voices can be disruptive to player progressions, gameplay and character relationships through dialogue and performances. The female entertainer frequently disrupts the aural space of a game through her uniqueness as a performer at the forefront of the diegetic space, using song to tell her own story. The video games The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015), Transistor (2014) and Divinity Original Sin II (2017) use diegetic female entertainer voices to disrupt the video game’s continuity. These case studies consider performance as disruption to gameplay, which is significant for the growth of the story and its characters, alongside the player’s understanding of the game’s musical meanings.
40
Wang, Jiguang, and Yucai Wu. "An Improved Voronoi-Diagram-Based Algorithm for Continuous Facility Location Problem under Disruptions." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 31, 2018): 3099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093099.
Full textAbstract:
The classical location models implicitly assume that the facilities, once built, will always operate as planned. However, some of the facilities may become unavailable from time to time due to disruptions which highlight the urgent need to effectively manage supply chain disruptions in spite of their low probability of occurrence. Therefore, it is critical to take account of disruptions when designing a resilient supply chain network so that it performs well as a whole even after an accidental disruption. In this paper, a stylized facility location problem is considered in a continuous plane which is solved through an improved Voronoi-diagram-based algorithm under disruption risks. The research problem is to minimize the total cost in normal and failure scenarios. Furthermore, the impact of misestimating the disruption probability is also investigated. The results numerically show that although the estimated disruption probability has a significant impact on the facilities configuration, it has a minor impact on the total quantity of facilities and the expected total cost. Therefore, this paper proposes that the decision-maker should moderately overestimate disruption risk based on the “pessimistic principle”. Finally, the conclusion considers managerial insights and proposes potential areas for future research.
41
Sinha, Saurabh. "Financial technology FINTEC innovation and disruption." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (May 1, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem32794.
Full textAbstract:
The advent of financial technology (fintech) advances has caused a rapid transformation of the financial industry, causing major disruptions to the traditional banking and finance sectors. In an effort to shed light on how the financial industry is changing, this thesis examines the patterns and ramifications of fintech innovation and disruption. The first section of the paper is a thorough examination of the literature that describes the development of fintech as well as the theoretical underpinnings of disruption and innovation. Through case studies of profitable fintech businesses, it investigates current developments in fintech innovation, such as robo-advisors, blockchain technology, and digital payments. The thesis also examines the disruptive effects of fintech on the financial sector, emphasizing the ways in which fintech is changing the landscape of traditional banking and finance. Additionally, it addresses the regulatory issues raised by fintech. The thesis makes predictions about the direction of fintech based on the data and suggests possible areas for more study. With a summary of the most important findings and their ramifications for researchers, financial institutions, and legislators, it ends by highlighting the necessity of proactive tactics for adjusting to the shifting fintech environment. By adding to the body of knowledge already available on fintech innovation and disruption, this thesis helps academics, business professionals, and policymakers navigate the changing financial world. Through innovation and disruption, financial technology, or fintech, has become a disruptive force in the financial industry, altering traditional banking and finance. This thesis examines how fintech has developed and how it has affected the financial industry, emphasizing trends, obstacles, and stakeholder consequences. This study examines the several ways that fintech is changing the financial services sector, including banking, insurance, and investment management, through an extensive assessment of the literature. With an emphasis on regulatory sandboxes and open banking initiatives, it investigates how regulatory frameworks either support or impede fintech innovation and disruption. This thesis also explores the tactics used by prosperous fintech startups to overthrow established players and increase market share. It also takes into account the dangers and difficulties that come with fintech innovation, like issues with cybersecurity, data protection, and regulatory compliance.
42
Sinha, Saurabh, and Dr Ashutosh Kumar Jha. "Financial Technology FINTEC Innovation and Disruption." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 4 (April 30, 2024): 5535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.61243.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The advent of financial technology (fintech) advances has caused a rapid transformation of the financial industry, causing major disruptions to the traditional banking and finance sectors. In an effort to shed light on how the financial industry is changing, this thesis examines the patterns and ramifications of fintech innovation and disruption. The first section of the paper is a thorough examination of the literature that describes the development of fintech as well as the theoretical underpinnings of disruption and innovation. Through case studies of profitable fintech businesses, it investigates current developments in fintech innovation, such as robo-advisors, blockchain technology, and digital payments. The thesis also examines the disruptive effects of fintech on the financial sector, emphasizing the ways in which fintech is changing the landscape of traditional banking and finance. Additionally, it addresses the regulatory issues raised by fintech. The thesis makes predictions about the direction of fintech based on the data and suggests possible areas for more study. With a summary of the most important findings and their ramifications for researchers, financial institutions, and legislators, it ends by highlighting the necessity of proactive tactics for adjusting to the shifting fintech environment. By adding to the body of knowledge already available on fintech innovation and disruption, this thesis helps academics, business professionals, and policymakers navigate the changing financial world. Through innovation and disruption, financial technology, or fintech, has become a disruptive force in the financial industry, altering traditional banking and finance. This thesis examines how fintech has developed and how it has affected the financial industry, emphasizing trends, obstacles, and stakeholder consequences. This study examines the several ways that fintech is changing the financial services sector, including banking, insurance, and investment management, through an extensive assessment of the literature. With an emphasis on regulatory sandboxes and open banking initiatives, it investigates how regulatory frameworks either support or impede fintech innovation and disruption. This thesis also explores the tactics used by prosperous fintech startups to overthrow established players and increase market share. It also takes into account the dangers and difficulties that come with fintech innovation, like issues with cybersecurity, data protection, and regulatory compliance
43
Liu, Tianyou, Zhenliang Ma, and Haris N. Koutsopoulos. "Unplanned Disruption Analysis in Urban Railway Systems Using Smart Card Data." Urban Rail Transit 7, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40864-021-00150-x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMetro system disruptions are a big concern due to their impacts on safety, service quality, and operating efficiency. A better understanding of system performance and passenger behavior under unplanned disruptions is critical for efficient decision making, effective customer communication, and identifying potential improvements. However, few studies explore disruption impacts on individual passenger behavior, and most studies use manually collected survey data. This study examines the potential of using automated collection data to comprehensively analyze unplanned disruption impacts. We propose a systematic approach to evaluate disruption impacts on system performance and individual responses in urban railway systems using automated fare collection (AFC) data. We develop a set of performance metrics to evaluate performance from the perspectives of train operations, information provision (communication), and bridging strategy (shuttle bus services to connect stations impacted by a disruption). We also propose an inference method to quantify the individual response to disruptions (e.g. travel or not, change stations or modes) depending on their trip characteristics with respect to the location and timing of the disruption. The proposed approach is demonstrated using data from a busy metro system. The results highlight the ability of AFC data in providing new insights for the analysis of unplanned disruptions, which are difficult to extract from traditional data collection methods. The case study shows that the disruption impacts are network-wide, and the impacts on passengers continue for a significant amount of time after the incident ended. The behavior highlights the importance of real-time information and the need for timely dissemination.
44
Stevens, Martin, Isabel S. Winney, Abi Cantor, and Julia Graham. "Outline and surface disruption in animal camouflage." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1657 (November 18, 2008): 781–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1450.
Full textAbstract:
Camouflage is an important strategy in animals to prevent predation. This includes disruptive coloration, where high-contrast markings placed at an animal's edge break up the true body shape. Successful disruption may also involve non-marginal markings found away from the body outline that create ‘false edges’ more salient than the true body form (‘surface disruption’). However, previous work has focused on breaking up the true body outline, not on surface disruption. Furthermore, while high contrast may enhance disruption, it is untested where on the body different contrasts should be placed for maximum effect. We used artificial prey presented to wild avian predators in the field, to determine the effectiveness of surface disruption, and of different luminance contrast placed in different prey locations. Disruptive coloration was no more effective when comprising high luminance contrast per se , but its effectiveness was dramatically increased with high-contrast markings placed away from the body outline, creating effective surface disruption. A model of avian visual edge processing showed that surface disruption does not make object detection more difficult simply by creating false edges away from the true body outline, but its effect may also be based on a different visual mechanism. Our study has implications for whether animals can combine disruptive coloration with other ‘conspicuous’ signalling strategies.
45
Isenberg, Sarina, Debra Roter, Jennifer L. Wolff, Thomas J. Smith, Katherine Clegg Smith, and Rebecca Aslakson. "A qualitative exploration of companion involvement in the presurgical consent visit for patients undergoing major surgery for advanced cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2017): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.31_suppl.29.
Full textAbstract:
29 Background: The decision to undergo non-emergent cancer surgery is complicated by risk of mortality and diminished quality of life weighed against potential benefits of extended life and symptom management. Sometimes, unanticipated clinical information or quality of life considerations (“disruptions”) arise during these pre-surgical visits, which can lead to to the surgery’s reconsideration, postponement, or cancelation. Little is known about disruptions. This paper explores case studies of how patients, companions, and surgeons negotiate surgical plan disruptions. Methods: This study is based on secondary analysis of pre-surgical recordings with 61 patients and nine surgeons. Patients were recruited at nine surgical oncology clinics at an academic tertiary care hospital from July 2015-September 2016. Qualitative analysis incorporated existing theory and inductively developed codes. Results: Four of the 61 pre-surgical visits were identified as having a disruption. Each case study explores the presentation of the disruption, patient reaction to the disruption, companion involvement and role in the encounter, and resolution of the disruption. While each disruption involves a nuanced approach to decision making, there are cross cutting themes across the cases. Specifically, analysis of these visits explored companion roles, including: patient autonomy-enhancing behaviors and patient autonomy-detracting behaviors. This analysis also addressed variation and similarities in surgeons’ behaviors, including examples of collaborative, facilitative, and informative behaviors. Conclusions: As more high risk surgeries are performed on sicker and older patients, decision making regarding whether to pursue surgery may become increasingly complex, and lend itself more frequently to disruptions. Disruption reflects the engagement and mutual influence of multi-party participants in treatment decision making. By enhancing our understanding of disruptions, we hope to assist in the delicate communication and shared decision making needed for a patient and family centered resolution. Clinical trial information: NCT02489799.
46
Tawfeek, Moaz Magdy, Yomna Mahmoud Sadek, and Amin Mohamed Kamel El-kharbotly. "Study of event-driven and periodic rescheduling on a single machine with unexpected disruptions." Independent Journal of Management & Production 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v10i1.838.
Full textAbstract:
This paper studies the rescheduling problem of a single machine facing unexpected disruptions in order to determine which parameters can help reducing the negative impacts of these disruptions on schedule performance. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to generate the initial schedule and the updated ones according to a reactive strategy. The performance of event-driven rescheduling and periodic rescheduling policies are compared in terms of total tardiness and total cost of rescheduling. Other factors that may affect rescheduling such as disruption time, disruption duration and number of disruptions are investigated. The sensitivity of results to both due date tightness and cost factor variation is tested. The results showed that the timing of the occurrence of disruption as related to scheduling horizon has a major effect on determining the best rescheduling policy. Event-driven policy is superior to other policies for short infrequent disruptions. It was found that the periodic policy is more appropriate for long and frequent disruptions.
47
Webster, Richard J. "Does disruptive camouflage conceal edges and features?" Current Zoology 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 708–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.708.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Camouflage is ubiquitous in the natural world and benefits both predators and prey. Amongst the range of concealment strategies, disruptive coloration is thought to visually fragment an animal’s’ outline, thereby reducing its rate of discovery. Here, I propose two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses for how disruptive camouflage functions, and describe the visual mechanisms that might underlie them. (1) The local edge disruption hypothesis states that camouflage is achieved by breaking up edge information. (2) The global feature disruption hypothesis states camouflage is achieved by breaking up the characteristic features of an animal (e.g., overall shape or facial features). Research clearly shows that putatively disruptive edge markings do increase concealment; however, few tests have been undertaken to determine whether this survival advantage is attributable to the distortion of features, so the global feature disruption hypothesis is under studied. In this review the evidence for global feature disruption is evaluated. Further, I address if object recognition processing provides a feasible mechanism for animals’ features to influence concealment. This review concludes that additional studies are needed to test if disruptive camouflage operates through the global feature disruption and proposes future research directions.
48
Adner, Ron, and Marvin Lieberman. "Disruption Through Complements." Strategy Science 6, no. 1 (March 2021): 91–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2021.0125.
Full textAbstract:
We expand the perspective on disruption by going beyond substitute products to consider the ways in which complements can impact the competitiveness of incumbents. Complementors represent a different kind of disruptive threat, one that is latent within the initial structure of value creation: complementors that disrupt are not new entrants but, rather, established actors that can shift their impact from positive to negative. With this perspective, we consider how ecosystem dynamics can clarify aspects of disruptive competition, and we use the dynamics of disruption to illuminate dimensions of competition in ecosystem settings. We elaborate three processes through which disruption through complements can occur: commoditization, adjacent entry, and value inversion. For each process we discuss specific examples, and we illustrate their interaction in the context of the automotive industry, which is fast evolving in response to technological change. In so doing, the paper fills a critical gap in the literature, which is so far missing a systematic examination of how complementors can disrupt established firms.
49
Matas, Jose, Nieves Perez, Laura Ruiz, and Marta Riquelme-Medina. "Firm disruption orientation and supply chain resilience: understanding mechanisms to mitigate disruption impact." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 39, no. 13 (April 30, 2024): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2023-0562.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This study aims to investigate the interplay between a proactive attitude towards disruptions – supply chain disruption orientation – and supply chain resilience, increasing our understanding of their influence on reducing the impact of supply chain disruptions within the B2B context. Design/methodology/approach As unexpected disruptions are closely related to a dynamic and changing perception of the environment, this research is framed under the dynamic capabilities lens, consistent with existing resilience literature. The authors used partial least squares-path modeling (PLS-PM) to empirically test the proposed research model using survey data from 216 firms. Findings Results show that a proactive approach to disruptions alone is insufficient in mitigating their negative impact. Instead, a firm’s disruption orientation plays a crucial role in boosting its resilience, which acts as a mediator, reducing the impact of disruptions. Originality/value This paper sheds light on the mechanisms by which firms can mitigate the effects of supply chain disruptions and offers insights into how certain capabilities are needed so that firms’ attitudes can effectively impact firm performance. This research thus suggests that dynamic capabilities, traditionally perceived as being enabled by other elements, act themselves as enablers. Consequently, they have the potential to translate strategic orientation or attitudes into tangible effects on performance, enriching our understanding of how firms combine their internal attitudes and capabilities to achieve sustained competitive advantage.
50
Williams, Michael V., Betsy White Williams, and Mark Speicher. "A Systems Approach to Disruptive Behavior in Physicians: A Case Study." Journal of Medical Regulation 90, no. 4 (December 1, 2004): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-90.4.18.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Disruptive behavior in a medical setting has been defined as objectionable or offensive interpersonal behavior that leads to disruptions of professional activities in the workplace. The most frequent approaches to disruptive professionals have largely focused exclusively on the identified physician. This focus has been found to be ineffective for a number of reasons, in particular because of the recurrence of the behavior after a period of time. A new conceptualization of disruptive behavior is offered in this paper. The authors argue such behavior is often instrumental — that is to say the behavior is goal oriented and accomplishes a result sought by the disruptive individual. Starting from this conceptualization, a case is reviewed. The case is analyzed, first to demonstrate the effect of the disruption on team functioning. A significant disruption in team communication is demonstrated through an analysis of the clinical team’s social network. Significant role confusion is found among support professionals in the clinical team. The case is then analyzed to determine the instrumentality (usefulness) of the behavior to the disruptive physician. A system-based intervention is developed and the disruptive behavior is reduced. The authors argue disruptive behavior presents a significant risk to patient safety. They also argue regulatory authorities have a duty to reduce this risk and understanding the impact of this behavior on the team, and the delivery of health care services, will allow authorities to effectively intervene and reduce or eliminate the behavior and its safety risk.