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Cirakoglu, Okan Cem. "Role Of Locus Of Control And Critical Thinking In Handling Dissatisfactions In Romantic Relationships Of University Students." Phd thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607133/index.pdf.
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In the present study, the role of locus of control and critical thinking in handling dissatisfactions in the romantic relationships of university students was examined. Five hundred and eighty university students (373 females, 207 males) from different faculties of five universities located in Ankara voluntarily participated in the study. Convenient sampling procedure was used in all phases of the study. A pilot study was conducted to adapt My Responses to Relationship Problems Scale (MRRPS) into Turkish. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) were utilized to assess factorial and dimensional structure of MRRPS. Results revealed MRRPS to be psychometrically satisfactory. In the main study, four separate, moderated regression analyses were conducted to assess the predictive role of locus of control, critical thinking, and their interaction on exit, voice, loyalty and neglect responses. Results revealed that locus of control significantly predicted exit, voice and neglect responses. Participants with external locus of control had significantly higher exit and neglect scores whereas participants with internal locus of control had significantly higher voice scores. In addition, critical thinking significantly predicted exit and voice scores. Participants with lower levels of critical thinking disposition had higher exit scores whereas participants with higher levels of critical thinking had significantly higher voice scores. Findings of the present study were discussed in the framework of locus of control, critical thinking and close relationships.
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安藤, 史高, та Fumitaka Ando. "重視する英語技能の生徒-教師間での不一致・授業に対する不満と英語学習動機づけ との関連". 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3029.
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Sarenbrink, Hanna. "Sambandet mellan användning av sociala medier, självskattad hälsa och kroppsfixering hos unga vuxna : En kvantitativ studie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Folkhälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23553.
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Background: While there are many positive benefits of social media, studies have shown that the use of certain types such as Facebook and Instagram may have negative health outcomes for young people including depression and eating disorders. Not much however is known about the impact of frequent exposure to Facebook and Instagram on health outcomes such as self-rated health and body fixation. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate if there is an association between the frequent use of social media and self-rated health as well as body fixation among young adults between the ages of 18-25 years. Design and method: This study was a cross-sectional study using questionnaires anonymously answered via Facebook. There were 65 respondents in the survey. The analysis was performed by using descriptive statistics and chi-test in SPSS. Results: A larger proportion of those who frequently use social media had poorer self-rated health and more body fixation. After completing chi-squared tests, no statistically significant relationship was found for frequent use of social media and body fixation (p=0,164). Conclusion: Frequent use of social media specifically Facebook and Instagram, has no statistically significant association with body fixation and Self-rated health.<br>Bakgrund: Det finns många positiva effekter av sociala medier, dock har studier visat att användningen av vissa typer såsom Facebook och Instagram kan ha negativa hälsoutfall för ungdomar, inklusive depression och ätstörningar. Inte mycket är dock känt om effekterna av frekvent exponering för Facebook och Instagram på hälsoresultat som självskattad hälsa och kroppsfixering. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan den frekventa användningen av sociala medier och självskattad hälsa samt kroppsfixering bland unga vuxna i åldrarna 18-25 år. Design och metod: Denna studie var en tvärsnittsstudie som med hjälp av enkäter anonymt besvaras via Facebook. Det fanns 65 respondenter i undersökningen. Analysen genomfördes med hjälp av beskrivande statistik och chi-test i SPSS. Resultat: En större andel av dem som ofta använder sociala medier hade sämre självskattad hälsa och mer kroppsfixering. Efter chitvå-test utförts har inget statistiskt signifikant samband konstaterades för frekvent användning av sociala medier och kroppsfixering (p=0,164). Slutsats: Sociala medier har inget samband med självskattad hälsa och kroppsfixering.
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Adlard, Leesa. "The relationship between body dissatisfaction of mothers and body dissatisfaction of their adolescent daughters." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11192007-114545.
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Mayers, Andrew Graeme. "Subjective sleep dissatisfaction in depression." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 2006. http://ssudl.solent.ac.uk/585/.
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Although the relationship between sleep and depression has been examined extensively, much of this has focused on objective measures, such as sleep electroencephalography, whereas subjective measures have been studied in less detail. A key focus of this thesis is the subjective perception of sleep in depression. The research questions asks whether sleep dissatisfaction in depressed participants is related to their mood, regardless of sleep timing perceptions; while sleep dissatisfaction in those without depression is more likely to be related to poor sleep timing perceptions, irrespective of mood. The initial chapters focus on 'sleep architecture'; the relationship between sleep disorders and depression; methods used to measure objective and subjective sleep; and include an overview of the observed effect of antidepressants on sleep. As it has been argued that poor sleep satisfaction in depression may be maintained by negative cognitive bias, the main prediction was that perceived sleep satsifaction, but not perceived sleep timing, would be related to perceived quality of life and mood for those with current depressive symptoms; while for those without such symptoms, perceived quality of life and mood would more likely be related to perceived sleep timing. Three original studies explored these predictions: the first indicated that, in depressed patients, sleep satisfaction perceptions (SSP; 3 out of 5 items significantly different; p<.05), and not sleep timing perceptions (STP; 2/8), were more likely to be related to perceived quality of life (QoL), while the opposite was found with the healthy controls (SSP 2/5 vs. STP 4/8). The second study replicated this finding (depressed: SSP 3/5, STP 0/11; vs. not depressed: SSP 1/5, STP 9/11; p<.05). The third original study found fewer between-group differences (mostly due to abnormally porr QoL scores in the student group), but regression analysis indicated that STP variance was related to the absence of depression, and the presence of anxiety (anxiety: 3/6 STP variables, p<.01; depression: 0/6); while SSP variance was related to the presence of depression, but not anxiety or the absence of depression (depression: 2/4 SSP variables, p<0.001; no depression: 0/4; anxiety: 0/4). In each of these studies the main hypothesis was supported. The final chapter concludes by considering the study findings and critically examining the methods; possible implications for futher research and clinical practice are explored.
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Lurowist, Natalie Dickens. "Divine dissatisfaction: an actor's process." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6187.
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Written to fulfill a partial requirement for a Masters of Fine Arts degree in Acting, this thesis explores Natalie Lurowist’s continued evolution as an actor during her time at the University of Iowa. In the spirit of “the verb,” she attempts first to philosophize about acting by questioning, categorizing, defining truths, and briefly discussing its personal meaning and implications. She then ventures back in time (with a nod to her undergraduate training) to process her process as it has evolved over the course of three years of graduate school. Similar to the students’ M.F.A. plan of study, the elements of process are broken down into the foundational subjects of movement, acting, and voice. In the final section, university productions are examined for their opportunities, challenges, and the corresponding exploration, struggles, and successes in regards to Lurowist’s evolution. Inevitably, the past leads up to the present moment and future outlook in her persistent endeavor to grow.
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Adams, Gillian. "Body dissatisfaction in adult men." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405528.
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McDonald, Lisa Elaine. "A historical analysis of physician dissatisfaction." [New Haven, Conn. : s.n.], 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-12092008-143028/.
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Fenby, Frank. "Examining dissatisfaction with an online doctoral program." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1083.
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Chang, Li-jing Arthur. "Job satisfaction, dissatisfaction of Texas newspaper reporters /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Langenbrunner, Mary R. "Sources of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction in Parenting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1986. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3516.
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Mitra, Trin A. 1974. "Measuring the causes of airline customer dissatisfaction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82232.
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Kirchmeyer, Richard H. "An Examination of Body Dissatisfaction and Media Exposure." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/126.
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The goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between muscle magazine consumption and body dissatisfaction. The study also examined the relationship between muscle magazine consumption and the amount of disparity between ideal and real body shape. Participants (N = 108) were recruited via study board, and also on a volunteer basis, from a mid-Western university with a population of 20,674 students. The first hypothesis stated that men with greater exposure to muscle magazines would indicate that their actual body shape falls further away from their ideal body shape, in terms of both muscularity and fat level, than men who read fewer magazines that focus on muscle building. The second hypothesis stated that men with greater exposure to muscle magazines would indicate higher levels of body dissatisfaction than men who read fewer magazines focused on muscle building. To evaluate the first hypothesis, a linear regression analysis was conducted to determine whether magazine consumption would predict the distance between real and ideal body shape, in terms of both fat and muscle content. Results did not support the first hypothesis and are not consistent with prior research that showed higher levels of muscle and fitness magazine consumption correlating positively with a greater drive for thinness and a greater drive for muscularity. Results did not support the second hypothesis: greater exposure to muscle magazines did not lead to greater levels of body dissatisfaction. Regression analysis found that there was no predictive relationship between muscle magazine consumption and body dissatisfaction or muscle magazine consumption and greater distance between ideal and real body shapes. Additional t-test analysis found that men who read muscle magazines actually indicated significantly lower levels of dissatisfaction with their bodies than men who did not read muscle magazines; however, that result is restricted to collegiate athletes only.
Results from this study are important in that they indicate, in men, there are other factors involved in determining how individuals end up with increased levels of body dissatisfaction. Prior findings also concluded that men’s concerns with body shape thrive as a combination of multiple constructs involving social, personal, and mass media factors. Although magazine literature has some bearing on body image concern, particularly with women, it is unclear as to whether magazine consumption contributes to its effect on men.
One limitation of this study is that participants reported on the degree to which they were dissatisfied with their bodies. Some individuals may not have acknowledged their level of dissatisfaction with their own bodies. Information based upon self-reporting measures may have been inaccurate due to under or over reporting in surveys. Another limitation of this study, particularly when using the results as a comparison tool toward previous studies, is that the measures used to determine levels of body dissatisfaction differ. Researchers abroad have used different measures to arrive at what would be considered similar conclusions regarding body dissatisfaction. There are multiple measures that can be used to determine a person’s level of satisfaction and drive for muscularity. Some measures are better than others at capturing variable characteristics.
Another important limitation is that muscle magazines only represent one form of media consumption. A study that incorporated other forms of media may be more fruitful in its findings. Therefore, results should be interpreted with caution. However, with everexpanding information technology capabilities, society is increasingly bombarded with information more so than ever before. This study provides additional insight into the question of whether or not more is better. It also identifies a gender difference in the predicting power of magazine consumption and body dissatisfaction.
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Egelton, Kara. "A lifetime of body image dissatisfaction among women." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103768.
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A history of body dissatisfaction may lead to lifelong emotional problems among women. Throughout life, a female's social environment may protect her from body image disturbances or exacerbate them. There are few studies investigating older women's experiences with long term body dissatisfaction. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and understand women's experiences with lifelong body dissatisfaction. More specifically, the objective of this study was to explore and better understand the personal body dissatisfaction triggers and outcomes of women's persistent body dissatisfaction. Seven adult women (Mean age = 55 years) were interviewed to better understand their lifelong body image struggles and health implications. Personal body image triggers were identified as: weight, appearance, health, social comparison, and significant others. A perception of being overweight and the desire to maintain weight and a youthful appearance were described as the most significant triggers of body dissatisfaction. The influence of social comparison and the perception of significant others' expectations on body dissatisfaction were present across all participants' lives. Cognitive (e.g., constant rumination and self-acceptance), behavioural (e.g., health and appearance related behaviours), affective (e.g., negative and positive body-related emotions), and social outcomes (e.g., social physique anxiety) of body dissatisfaction were found. The importance of better understanding women's body dissatisfaction experiences across the lifespan is discussed. The importance of recognizing individual differences among women and their body dissatisfaction experiences is also emphasized.<br>La présence d'antécédents d'insatisfaction de l'image corporelle chez la femme peut mener à des troubles émotifs qui perdurent tout au long de sa vie. Au cours d'une vie, l'environnement social de la femme peut la protéger des perturbations de l'image corporelle ou, au contraire, peut les exacerber. Il existe peu d'études au sujet de l'insatisfaction de l'image à long terme chez la femme plus âgée. C'est pourquoi cette étude phénoménologique avait pour but d'explorer et de comprendre les expériences d'insatisfaction de l'image corporelle chez la femme. Plus spécifiquement, les objectifs ciblent les déclencheurs personnels de l'insatisfaction et les conséquences de cette insatisfaction. Des entrevues ont été réalisées auprès de sept femmes (âge moyen 55 ans) afin de mieux comprendre les effets des perceptions négatives de leur image au cours de leur vie et les conséquences de celles-ci sur la santé. Les déclencheurs de l'insatisfaction de l'image corporelle au niveau de la personne ont été identifiés comme étant : le poids, l'apparence physique, la santé, les différences sociales et la perception des proches. Une perception de surpoids, le désir de vouloir maintenir son poids et la volonté de conserver une apparence jeune ont été les éléments déclencheurs de l'insatisfaction corporelle les plus souvent mentionnés. Par ailleurs, l'influence des différences sociales et la perception des attentes des proches au sujet de l'insatisfaction de leur image corporelle ont été présentes tout au long de la vie des participantes. Ainsi, des aspects en relation avec l'insatisfaction corporelle ont été trouvés, et ce, aux niveaux: cognitif (c.-à-d. les ruminations mentales et l'acception du soi), comportemental (c.-à-d. la santé et des comportements reliés à l'image), affectif (c.-à-d. des émotions positives et négatives en relation avec l'image corporelle) et à celui des impacts sociaux (c.-à-d. l'anxiété physique sociale). De plus, l'importance de mieux comprendre les expériences d'insatisfaction de l'image corporelle tout au long de la vie a été discutée, celle de reconnaitre les différences individuelles chez les femmes et leur expérience d'insatisfaction sont aussi soulignées.
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Clarkson, Verity A. "Appearance dissatisfaction in females : its measurement and correlates /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SB/09sbc6138.pdf.
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Cady, Paul Stevens. "Patient counseling and satisfaction/dissatisfaction with prescription medication." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184469.
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This study was undertaken to test the satisfaction process as it relates to the consumption of prescription medication. The disconfirmation of expectations model was used as a framework for the study. The study sought to evaluate the impact the provision of drug information has on the satisfaction/dissatisfaction process. To accomplish this, consumers recruited from two community pharmacies were provided with a scenario that described the purchase, and consequences of taking a prescription product intended for the treatment of migraine headache. Each subject received a scenario that contained one of four (4) levels of drug information. The four levels were: (1) no drug information; (2) information about side effects; (3) information about effectiveness; and (4) information about effectiveness and side effects. Each subject also received a scenario that described one of four therapeutic outcomes. They were: (1) no side effects with total elimination of headaches; (2) no side effects with partial elimination of headaches; (3) side effects with total elimination of headaches; and (4) side effects with partial elimination of headaches. The disconfirmation of expectation model was supported by the study. Using an ANOVA model, analyses revealed that the provision of drug information resulted in more positive disconfirmation and higher levels of satisfaction when the outcome of therapy was less than optimal. The measures of future intention were also affected by the provision of drug information. Further analyses revealed satisfaction was a function of expectation and disconfirmation.
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Langenbrunner, Mary R. "Parental Perception of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Parenting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1986. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3517.
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Kleimeyer, Katherine Jean. "Social Norms, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Disorder Symptoms." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1303224657.
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Johnston, Robert. "The service quality factors : satisfaction, dissatisfaction and recovery." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34729/.
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Service quality appears to transcend a number of, as yet, only loosely related fields including operations management, service management and consumer behaviour. The intention of the first part of this research was to draw together some parts of these complementary literatures in order to understand the nature of service quality. The objective of the empirical study was to identify the customer-based determinants of service quality, in particular to identify those service quality factors which tend to lead to satisfaction, those that tend to lead to dissatisfaction and those that are important to the process of service recovery. The purpose of the research was to add to the growing body of knowledge on service quality and to help managers undertake activities for the measurement, control and improvement of service quality. The empirical study took a logical positivist/empiricist approach using customer's perceptions of reality. The chosen research instrument was the critical incident technique. The study found that the various quality factors do have different, though not exclusive, effects on the outcome of the service experience in terms of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. It was also found that the dissatisfaction factors and the satisfaction factors are not the obverse of each other. Furthermore, the satisfaction factors are primarily tangible factors, underlining the critical role of service staff in providing satisfaction, and the dissatisfaction factors are primarily intangible factors stressing the more systemic issues that tend to result in dissatisfaction. It was suggested that these factors may either act as switches, amending customers' perceptions of the service experience during the service itself, or act as levers upon the customers' satisfaction or dissatisfaction thresholds. Service recovery was also identified as a key creator of satisfaction and a number of factors were identified that support the recovery process. It has been suggested that operations managers should be concerned with designing-in satisfaction switches/levers and removing dissatisfaction switches/levers. They should also be concerned with implementing systems to seek out failures and to try to recover from them.
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Pettersson, Tove. "The Neural Correlates of Body Dissatisfaction in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa : Examining the similarities between diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and body dissatisfaction." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17444.
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Body dissatisfaction (BD) is a condition derived from negative thoughts and feelings about one's body and is a core symptom of the eating disorder anorexia nervosa (AN). Beingdissatisfied with one’s body is highly present in women and to some extent men. This might be a result of a skewed ideal in combination with social influences. In recent year, research on neurobiological risk factors as well as neuroscientific and cognitive mappings of AN and BD have gained traction, particularly when it comes to studies using neuroimaging- techniques and cognitive tests. Studies have identified brain regions (insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, parietal cortex, amygdala, dorsolateral and orbitofrontal areas of the prefrontal cortex) associated with the processing of body shape as well as dysfunctional processing of self-image and body satisfaction. Structural imaging studies of AN patients using CT and MRI have, in many cases, found reduced cerebral volume, increased spinal fluid (CSF) and enlarged ventricles. Usually, food and water restriction has been seen as the cause, and structural deficits in AN patients have shown to improve with weight gain after long-term recovery.
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Watsky-Scileppi, Caryn. "Adult Attachment and Body Dissatisfaction: The Role of Ethnicity." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/582.
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Body dissatisfaction has become commonplace, however, it has been associated with several detrimental outcomes, including eating disorders, depression, and suicidality. Despite having larger Body Mass Indexes, African American women have reported more satisfaction with their bodies than Caucasian American women. Anxious attachment has been found to relate to body dissatisfaction; however, this study was the first to explore whether this relationship differs across ethnic groups. American societal beliefs about attractiveness and ethnic identity were also explored as potential moderators of the relationship between anxious attachment and body dissatisfaction. Purposive sampling was used to identify students from colleges with diverse ethnic representation for recruitment. Participants were 233 Caucasian American and 108 African American women recruited from ethnically diverse colleges in the Northeast and Southeast United States. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression and one-way analysis of covariance. Past findings regarding ethnic differences in body dissatisfaction were replicated as were findings regarding ethnic differences in attachment styles and the relationship between anxious attachment and body dissatisfaction, even after controlling for negative affect. Results of the primary analyses indicated no moderation by ethnicity of the relationship between anxious attachment and body dissatisfaction. Beliefs about attractiveness was found to moderate this relationship for Caucasian American but not African American women, and there was a trend for the moderation of the relationship between anxious attachment and body dissatisfaction by ethnic identity for the African American women in this sample. Implications for prevention and therapeutic interventions are discussed.
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Örnólfsdóttir, Unnur Ósk. "Swedish women´s self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and health." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58684.
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Self-reported mental health problems have increased dramatically among young female high school (Swedish: gymnasium) and university students in Sweden since the 1990’s. The reasons for this increase are mostly unknown but self-esteem and body image might be important factors behind this problem. The aim of this study was to test whether self-esteem and body dissatisfaction predict health. All correlation directions were in accordance with previous studies on the subject. There was no age group difference in levels of self-esteem, body dissatisfaction or health among the women. Multiple regression analysis revealed that global self-esteem was the strongest single predictor of health. These results give support for the importance of global self-esteem for subjective health. This should be considered in future studies and in the battle against the development of depression, anxiety and eating disorders among women.
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van, den Berg Patricia. "Self-schema and social comparison explanations of body dissatisfaction." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001281.
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Matney, Ashley. "Murdoch and the machine of fantasy, dissatisfaction, and desire." Connect to resource, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/31932.
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Chase, Michelle E. "Identity development and body image dissatisfaction in college females." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001chasem.pdf.
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Leone, James Edward. "Predictors of body image dissatisfaction among selected adolescent males /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456294641&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Maganto, Mateo Carmen, and Saez Soledad Cruz. "Body dissatisfaction as an explanatory variable of eating disorders." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2002. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100872.
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Eating disorders ha ve increased over the last few years, as well as the age range of their initialonset which includes younger people. Food-related anxiety, fear of gaining weight, and obsession with thinness are associated with variables of age, sex, social leve!, body mass index, distortion and dissatisfaction with body image are considered risk factors for eating disorders. This research examined the relationship among these factors and analyzed their predictive value. The participants were 200 adolescents (104 boys and 96 girls), aged between 14 and 17 years. The testsused werc the STAI, EDI-2, EAT and two experimental tests. The results indicated that underlying these disorders were distorted body-image perception and dissatisfaction. The risk for girlsincreased between 15 and 16 years. Dissatisfaction with global physical aspect, distortion of body size, age, and trait anxiety were revealed as predictive factors.<br>La ansiedad con relación a la comida, el temor a aumentar de peso y la obsesión por la delgadez van asociadas a variables de edad, sexo, nivel social, índice de masa corporal, distorsión einsatisfacción con la imagen corporal y se consideran factores de riesgo de los trastornos alimenticios.Se investigan y analizan las relaciones entre dichos factores así como su valor predictivo. Los participantes fueron 200 adolescentes de 14 a 18 años (104 chicos y 96 chicas). Se administraron el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado/Rasgo (STA!), el Inventario de Trastornos dela conducta Alimentaria (EDI-2) el Eating Altitudes Test (EAT) y dos instrumentos en construcción.Los resultados revelaron que la percepción distorsionada de la imagen del propio cuerpo,vinculada a la insatisfacción, se halla a la base de estos trastornos. La edad más sensible paralas chicas está entre los 15 y 16 años y los factores predictivos encontrados son: insatisfacción con el aspecto físico global, distorsión del tamaño del cuerpo, edad y ansiedad rasgo.
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Van, den Berg Patricia. "Self-Schema And Social Comparison Explanations of Body Dissatisfaction." Scholar Commons, 2005. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/892.
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The current study was an investigation of the self-schema and social comparison theories of the development of body dissatisfaction. Social comparison stimuli, consisting of photographs of women, were piloted and selected to form 3 stimuli sets: upward comparison, downward comparison, and no comparison. A priming manipulation consisting of an imagery exercise intended to prime participants appearance self-schema was also piloted. Participants completed state measures of body image and mood at pretest, were given the priming manipulation and the social comparison stimuli, then completed posttest measures of mood and body image, as well as providing demographic information. Results indicated no significant interaction between priming and social comparison and no significant main effect for priming. However, there was a significant effect of social comparison, such that those in the downward comparison condition showed decreased body dissatisfaction and negative mood. Results are discussed in the context of self-schema theory and social comparison, and suggestions are given for future research that might further shed light on these topics.
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Crandall, Sharp Amanda. "The Relationship Between Body Dissatisfaction and Cosmetic Enhancement Surgery." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5455.
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Previous research has indicated an increasing trend toward elective cosmetic surgery to achieve a perceived ideal body image and meet psychological and social needs. However, there remains a gap in the literature regarding the number of procedures performed on a single patient, and the potential that patients may suffer from body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Therefore, the purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between the number of cosmetic surgeries undergone, level of body dissatisfaction, level of dysmorphic concern, and preoccupation with appearance. Participants included 75 females and 55 males, ranging in age from 18 to 64 years. The majority of participants identified as Caucasian and resided in the United States. Most participants reported having two or three cosmetic surgeries. A multiple regression analysis was run to predict whether dysmorphic concern, body image concern, and/or BDD symptomology predict the number of cosmetic procedures undergone. The first significant finding was that body dissatisfaction, level of dysmorphic concern, and likelihood of BDD predict the number of cosmetic surgeries an individual chooses to undergo. The second significant finding was that the level of body image satisfaction-dissatisfaction as measured by the Body Image Ideal Questionnaire does predict the number of cosmetic procedures undergone. The results from this study provide support for the prerequisite of a psychological screening for cosmetic surgery and thus may contribute to positive social change for the cosmetic surgery community and its patients. Successful implementation of such a screening tool would contribute to social change, particularly for those candidates with diagnosed or undiagnosed mental health concerns.
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Marshall, Gary. "Strategies to Reduce Job Dissatisfaction within 911 Call Centers." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7822.
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In 2017, more than 6.9 million employees parted ways with their employer because of voluntary employee turnover, layoffs, or terminations. Emergency call center supervisors who fail to implement adequate job satisfaction strategies experience reduced productivity and increased voluntary turnover. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies some southern Ontario 911 call center supervisors used to reduce job dissatisfaction. The conceptual framework supporting the study was the competing values framework. The population included 6 supervisors of 911 call centers in the province of Ontario, Canada, who successfully implemented job satisfaction strategies. Data were collected from interviews with the leaders and documentation. Data were analyzed using Yin's 5-step process. Three themes emerged: provide supportive leadership, create a balanced culture, and provide non-financial rewards. The implications for positive social change include healthy working communities through decreased job dissatisfaction resulting in organizations' greater productivity and provision of services.
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Lydecker, Janet. "Visual Attention Bias and Body Dissatisfaction in Eating Disorders." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3158.
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Eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia nervosa, have profound negative effects on the quality of life of both affected individuals and their families. Behavioral approaches such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are commonly used for the treatment of these disorders. CBT teaches skills to restructure maladaptive thought patterns as a method of altering feelings and behaviors. However, even after CBT, 50-70% of women with bulimia and 67-87% of women with anorexia report continued eating disordered thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Measuring underlying cognitive processes such as orienting, maintaining, and executive attention in individuals with eating disorder symptomatology might be an important first step in improving these existing therapies. Attentional biases can be identified using a variety of techniques, including eye movement in response to stimuli (gaze patterns; focal points) as assessed by sophisticated eye tracking tasks. The current project sought to evaluate eye movement behavior related to body dissatisfaction, and to assess the feasibility of modifying attention. Participants (N = 1017) completed survey measures assessing disordered eating and body image (n = 1011), and participants meeting eligibility requirements participated in the in-person eye-tracking assessment (n = 85). Overall, longer gaze duration was associated with more dissatisfying body regions, and the attention modification intervention decreased time spent looking at the most dissatisfying region. Gaze time on the most dissatisfying body region was not different for self images compared with other images, nor was there an influence of level of shape concern. Body image anxiety also reduced after the attention modification intervention. These results suggest that it is feasible to modify attention biases related to body dissatisfaction. Implications and future extensions of this study are discussed.
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Bell, Rhiannon. "Controlling the relationship between body dissatisfaction and weight restriction behaviours /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19226.pdf.
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李穎 and W. Lee. "Body dissatisfaction, depressive symptoms, and pubertal timing in HongKong Chinese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203657.
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Buser, Juleen K. "Body dissatisfaction, religious coping, and bulimic symptomatology among college women." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Vander, Wal Jillon S. "Predictors of body image : dissatisfaction in elementary-age school girls /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9951131.
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Burrell, Ruth. "Body dissatisfaction and commitment to train as a competitive bodybuilder." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95594/.
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This thesis explores body dissatisfaction and the commitment to train within a competitive sport. Given the rise of social media and different forums for people to make social comparisons, including on their physical appearance the implications on an individuals’ psychological wellbeing is interesting to explore. The first chapter is a systematic review of the relationship between body dissatisfaction, anxiety and / or depression. Throughout the review the studies are critically appraised and themes that emerged from the studies are discussed (‘Relationship between body dissatisfaction, anxiety and / or depression’; ‘No relationship between body dissatisfaction, anxiety and / or depression’; ‘Self-esteem’). Limitations, future directions for research and advice and suggestions for health professionals working with people describing body dissatisfaction are also discussed. The second chapter explores the lived experiences of committing to train as a competitive female bodybuilder. Seven women were recruited for this study and a qualitative methodology, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used. Three themes emerged from the data: ‘Challenging self’, ‘Perfectionism and unrelenting standards’ and ‘Self in relation to others’. Findings are discussed in the context of clinical implications and future research is considered. The third chapter is a reflective account of the research process. Highlighting areas of personal and professional learning throughout the process.
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Ladki, Said M. "Consumer involvement in ethnic restaurants: a measure of satisfaction/dissatisfaction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40139.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether consumer orientation (active/passive) and psychological involvement (attitude, opinion, belief, and behavioral intention) affect satisfaction when dining in an ethnic restaurant. The sample represented 232 consumers who dined in participating Washington D.C. metropolitan area ethnic restaurants. Information was obtained by asking consumers to answer a four part, 86 item questionnaire. Correlation analysis revealed that opinion (r = 0.17, P < 0.04), belief (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), and behavioral intentions (r = 0.19, P < 0.02) of the active consumer significantly affect satisfaction. Whereas, for the passive consumer no significant effect was found. Results of the stepwise regression analysis revealed that consumer psychological involvement and restaurant attributes affect satisfaction with service (R² = 0.57, p<0.05), satisfaction with lunch (R² = 0.8, p<0.05), satisfaction with dinner (R² = 0.33, p<0.05), and satisfaction with the overall dining experience (R² = 0.39, p<0.0l). Further, it was found that consumers' future visitations, within the next few weeks, were affected by consumer's psychological involvement (R² = 0.53, p<0.0l). Restaurant attributes (speed of service; employee courtesy; and food quality and prices) affected overall satisfaction in dining (R² = 0.4, p<0.0l), but it weakly affected future visitations (R² = 0.04, p<0.04, negative Mallows' Coefficient). The findings of this study contribute not only to consumer self-concept theory and satisfaction theory but also have practical implications to the ethnic restaurant industry.<br>Ph. D.
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Schofield, Terrence. "Exploration of Perceptions of Marriage Dissatisfaction Among African American Couples." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2882.
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Perceptions of Marital Dissatisfaction Among African American Couples
by
Terrence Schofield
MS, Walden University, 2012
BS, Knoxville College, 1994
Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
Clinical Psychology
Walden University
August 2016
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Derrig, Coda Calico Jasmine. "Model Fit Comparison for Two Competing Models of Body Dissatisfaction." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1397486802.
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Setty, Christine Hope. "Media and Maternal Influences on Body Dissatisfaction of Prepubescent Daughters." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1435676066.
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Matthews, Sarah. "The development and validation of a multidimensional measure of male body dissatisfaction and its preliminary use in exploring the relationship between body dissatisfaction and exercise." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/162803/.
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Historically, research has focused predominately on female experience of body dissatisfaction (BD). More recently there has been an increased focus upon BD in men. The current literature review indicates that research in BD in men is its infancy compared to BD in females and the review highlights the differences between the experience of BD in men and women and the difficulties in applying evidence that has been found in female samples to males. In line with this, tools used to assess females may not be appropriate to assess males. It is therefore important to develop an instrument that accurately assesses BD in males to identify those who may be at risk. The literature review also pays attention to the coping strategies that men may engage in with a particular focus on exercise and its potential role as both a protective and risk factor. The purpose of the empirical paper was to explore the structure of a new measure: The Male Body Dissatisfaction Inventory (M-BoDI). A Principal Components Analysis revealed a four-component structure. The study provided evidence of concurrent validity for the M-BoDI and good internal reliability and the scores on the M-BoDI were stable over a 4-week period. A significant relationship was found between negative reasons for exercising and BD as measured by the M-BoDI, and negative reasons for exercising were also linked to core excessive exercise features. Implications of the current findings and ideas for further research are discussed.
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Woods, Amanda Michelle. "Medication Adherence in Adolescents with HIV: The Impact of Body Dissatisfaction." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/65.
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Human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and Acquire immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a worldwide epidemic that impacts individuals physically, socially, and psychologically, and the rates of HIV/AIDS in youth are rising. Antiretroviral treatments have drastically prolonged life in individuals with HIV/AIDS; however, this type of treatment requires strict medication adherence. Many psychosocial factors impacting antiretroviral adherence have been explored, yet very little has been investigated regarding body image. This study investigated the potential impact of body dissatisfaction on antiretroviral medication adherence in adolescents with HIV. Seventy five male and female youth were administered questionnaires on the constructs of body dissatisfaction and medication adherence. Results support the hypothesis that body dissatisfaction negatively impacts medication adherence; yet, its effect in this sample was small (R2 = .06; F(1,61) =3.87, p =.05). Additionally, it was predicted that gender would moderate the nature of the relation between body dissatisfaction and medication adherence, given the disparate societal presentations of ideal body types among genders. However, within the current sample, gender did not have an effect on this relation. Furthermore, this study was interested in exploring if body dissatisfaction within a population of HIV-infected youth was best explained by specific body dissatisfaction with areas of the body associated with lipodystrophy or lipoatrophy syndromes. Due to a very small presentation of these syndromes in the final sample (n = 4), it was not surprising that body dissatisfaction was not best explained through specific dissatisfaction with these body parts. However, dissatisfaction with muscularity in general, was predictive of general body dissatisfaction regardless of gender. A discussion of these findings is included. This study is one of the first of its kind to explore the potential detrimental effects of body dissatisfaction in HIV infected youth.
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Vincent, Maureen Anne, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "BODY DISSATISFACTION AND BODY CHANGE STRATEGIES AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION." Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040906.135500.
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This thesis examined body dissatisfaction and body change behaviors among adolescent girls and boys from a biopsychosocial framework. The contribution of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors were examined in relation to body dissatisfaction, weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors among early adolescent girls and boys. In particular, pubertal maturation, body mass index (BMI), perception of body shape and size and psychological factors, such as depression, anxiety, ineffectiveness, self-esteem and perfectionism, were examined as possible factors that may precipitate or maintain body dissatisfaction and engagement in body change strategies. The sociocultural factors evaluated were the quality of family and peer relationships, as well as the influence of family and peers in predicting the adoption of specific body change strategies. The specific mechanisms by which these influences were transmitted were also examined. These included perceived discussion, encouragement and modelling of various body change strategies, as well as perceived teasing about body shape and size.
A number of separate cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted to examine the above relationships and identify the factors that contribute to weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors in adolescents. Study 1 examined the psychometric properties and principal components structure of the Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R; Thelen, Farmer, Wonderlich, & Smith, 1991) to assess its applicability to adolescent samples. Study 2 investigated the nature of body dissatisfaction and weight loss
behaviors among 603 adolescents (306 girls and 297 boys) using a standardised questionnaire. This preliminary study was conducted to ascertain whether variables previously found to be relevant to adolescent girls, could also be related to the development of body dissatisfaction and weight loss behaviors among adolescent boys.
Studies 3 and 4 described the development and validation of a body modification scale that measured weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors. Studies 5 and 6 were designed to modify an Excessive Exercise Scale developed by Long, Smith, Midgley, and Cassidy (1993) into a shorter form, and validate this scale with an adolescent sample. Study 7 investigated the factors that contribute to weight loss, weight gain and increased muscle among adolescent girls and boys both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (over one year). Structural equation modelling was used to examine associations among self-reported body dissatisfaction, body change strategies and a range of biological, psychological and sociocultural variables both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
Overall, the results suggested that both girls and boys experience body dissatisfaction and engage in a number of different body change strategies in order to achieve an ideal size. A number of gender similarities and differences were identified in the expression of body dissatisfaction and the adoption of body change strategies for both girls and boys. Girls were more likely than boys to report body dissatisfaction and engage in weight loss behaviors, while boys were more likely than girls to engage in weight gain and increased muscle tone behaviors. Generally, the same factors were found to contribute to weight
loss, and more specifically, bulimic symptomatology, ad weight gain in both adolescent girls and boys. While a combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors contributed to bulimic symptomatology, only biological and psychological factors were found to contribute to weight gain in adolescents. The most notable gender differences were found in the model of increased muscle tone. Sociocultural and biological factors contributed to increased muscle tone behaviors in girls, while sociocultural and psychological factors were implicated in these behaviors in adolescent boys. With the exception of the model of increased muscle tone for boys, body dissatisfaction was a consistent factor in the adoption of body change behaviors. Consistent with previous investigations, the present thesis provides empirical support for the need to examine the etiology and maintenance of such concerns and behaviors from a multifaceted perspective.
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Cheng, Hsiu-Lan. "Body image dissatisfaction of college women potential risk and protective factors /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4493.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (April 25, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lee, W. "Body dissatisfaction, depressive symptoms, and pubertal timing in Hong Kong Chinese." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203657.
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Rofail, Diana. "Treatment satisfaction and dissatisfaction in patients with chronic low back pain." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4616.
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This thesis explores treatment satisfaction and dissatisfaction in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Chapters 1 and 2 provide background on CLBP, and treatment satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Chapter 3 presents study 1, the systematic review which identified research concerning treatment satisfaction and dissatisfaction in patients with CLBP. Findings indicated a need to define the concept, and establish appropriate measurement based on patient input and evidence to support the reliability and validity of items. Chapter 4 presents study 2, a qualitative study. Ten patients with CLBP taking medication and/or receiving physiotherapy were interviewed. A conceptual model of CLBP and a thematic map of treatment satisfaction and dissatisfaction were developed. Satisfaction was related to being 'happy' or 'pleased', and maintaining normal functioning. Treatment not working, causing discomfort, or negatively affecting health-related quality of life, as well as inconvenience of medication, lack of information, not feeling involved in treatment decisions, lack of trust and confidence in healthcare professionals, and being misdiagnosed or undiagnosed, were associated with dissatisfaction. Chapter 5 documents the development of the CLBP Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire, based on patient input from study 2. Cognitive debriefing showed items were relevant and understood by patients. Chapter 6, study 3, explored the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. The longitudinal design involved data collection from 249 patients, some of whom participated in follow-ups. Results indicated that treatment satisfaction/dissatisfaction involves an appraisal of the following seven domains: 'Information Provided about Back Pain and Treatment', 'Burden of Back Pain', 'Impact of Back Pain and Treatment on Relationships', 'Satisfaction with the Treatment Process', 'Problems with Side Effects of Medication', 'Adherence to Physiotherapy', and 'Medication Acceptability'. Some evidence of reliability and validity are presented. This thesis concludes with Chapter 7, a discussion of the main findings of the studies, strengths and limitations, and recommendations for future research.
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Kwong, Yip-yee, and 鄺葉宜. "Body dissatisfaction of adolescent girls in a Hong Kong secondary school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31960984.
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Sperry, Steffanie. "Predictors of Body Dissatisfaction, Eating Disturbance, and Depressive Symptoms in Mothers." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3362.
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Body image, eating disturbance, and depressive symptomatology have been examined extensively in the general population. The assessment of these variables within the postpartum period has also been a target of recent research. Unfortunately, no existing studies have examined the intercorrelations among these factors in mothers of young children, despite increasing media pressure for moms to maintain a slim, pre-pregnancy body. The current study examined predictors of body dissatisfaction, eating disturbance, and depressive symptoms in mothers of children aged 0-5. Simple correlations were followed by a series of linear multiple regressions incorporating sociocultural predictors alongside covariates identified in the extant literature. Findings suggest that sociocultural factors are significantly related to body image, eating disturbance, and depressive symptomatology in the mothers sampled, and BMI, perceived stress, and current exercise status accounted for significant variance in study outcomes. Limitations, implications and significance are addressed in turn.
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Ghasem, Nagi. "How does dissatisfaction with supervisors affect workers in Libyan manufacturing organisations?" Thesis, Northumbria University, 2011. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/5844/.
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This study investigates the effect of supervisors and specifically trust and respect for supervisors on job satisfaction, and the causes of job satisfaction within a sample of Libyan Manufacturing Organisations (LMOs). The specific focus of this study is on whether the employee-supervisor relationship is related to job satisfaction and can lead to positve outcomes for LMOs.
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Mack, Jennifer E. "Nutrition knowledge, disordered eating, and body dissatisfaction among middle school females." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221314.
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The purpose of the study was to better understand nutrition knowledge, disordered eating and body dissatisfaction among middle school females, in hopes of disseminating this information to parents, teachers, and others with an interest in the well-being of young women. The design of the study determined prevalence of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction, and the level of nutrition knowledge among middle school females. 134 subjects completed a 66-item questionnaire. Descriptive statistics along with an independent t-test, chi square, and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient were used to analyze the data. Prevalence of disordered eating among 7th graders was 18.8%, and 15% for 8" graders. High levels of body dissatisfaction were observed in 35% of 7"' graders and 26% of 8t' graders. A significant relationship was found between nutrition knowledge and disordered eating (r=-.309). There was no statistically significant difference between 70' and 8th graders for either disordered eating or body dissatisfaction.<br>Department of Physiology and Health Science