Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dissémination des données'
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Idir, Lilia. "Dissémination de données dans les réseaux véhiculaires." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB157.
Full textThe number of vehicles on the roads in the world increased from 500 million in 1986 to 1 billion vehicles in 2010. Such a huge road network has brought some comfort to many drivers but on the other hand it represented around 1.24 million accidents in 2010. With the progress and development of wireless technologies these recent years, vehicular networks quickly evolved. Many car manufacturers and countries have built and imagined different applications in vehicular networks: road safety applications, others for traffic information, and entertainment applications. This last category of applications is distinguished from others by the quantity and volume of exchanged data, and represents a real problem due to the lossy nature of vehicular communications. In this thesis, we address the problem of data dissemination in distributed vehicular systems. Our main objective is to provide practical and workable solutions to disseminate data in realistic vehicular environments. The concept of data dissemination is large and significant. In this context, we call data dissemination each time there is a certain amount of data which must be distributed on in wireless network. The data is sent to multiple destinations who are interested to recover all or part of the information. As examples, we can consider the file sharing applications, streaming multimedia files and so on. We discuss in this thesis the data dissemination problem in vehicular networks, specifically the dissemination of large volumes of data such as content distribution. With the evolution in recent years of vehicular networks thanks to many car manufacturers support (eg Toyota, Nissan, BMW, Ford, etc.), the amount of exchanged data has increased exponentially over the years. Unfortunately, despite the advancement of wireless communications technologies, exchange large volumes of data in vehicular networks remains a challenge because of wireless communications features and those specific to vehicular networks
Idir, Lilia. "Dissémination de données dans les réseaux véhiculaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB157.
Full textThe number of vehicles on the roads in the world increased from 500 million in 1986 to 1 billion vehicles in 2010. Such a huge road network has brought some comfort to many drivers but on the other hand it represented around 1.24 million accidents in 2010. With the progress and development of wireless technologies these recent years, vehicular networks quickly evolved. Many car manufacturers and countries have built and imagined different applications in vehicular networks: road safety applications, others for traffic information, and entertainment applications. This last category of applications is distinguished from others by the quantity and volume of exchanged data, and represents a real problem due to the lossy nature of vehicular communications. In this thesis, we address the problem of data dissemination in distributed vehicular systems. Our main objective is to provide practical and workable solutions to disseminate data in realistic vehicular environments. The concept of data dissemination is large and significant. In this context, we call data dissemination each time there is a certain amount of data which must be distributed on in wireless network. The data is sent to multiple destinations who are interested to recover all or part of the information. As examples, we can consider the file sharing applications, streaming multimedia files and so on. We discuss in this thesis the data dissemination problem in vehicular networks, specifically the dissemination of large volumes of data such as content distribution. With the evolution in recent years of vehicular networks thanks to many car manufacturers support (eg Toyota, Nissan, BMW, Ford, etc.), the amount of exchanged data has increased exponentially over the years. Unfortunately, despite the advancement of wireless communications technologies, exchange large volumes of data in vehicular networks remains a challenge because of wireless communications features and those specific to vehicular networks
Trouessin, Gilles. "Traitements fiables de données confidentielles par fragmentation-redondance-dissémination." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30260.
Full textAllani, Sabri. "Agrégation et dissémination de données dans un réseau véhiculaire VANET." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3013/document.
Full textSince the last decade, the emergence of affordable wireless devices in vehicle ad-hoc networks has been a key step towards improving road safety as well as transport efficiency. Informing vehicles about interesting safety and non-safety events is of key interest. Thus, the design of an efficient data dissemination protocol has been of paramount importance. A careful scrutiny of the pioneering vehicle-to-vehicle data dissemination approaches highlights that geocasting is the most feasible approach for VANET applications, more especially in safety applications, since safety events are of interest mainly to vehicles located within a specific area, commonly called ZOR or Zone Of Relevance, close to the event. Indeed, the most challenging issue in geocast protocols is the definition of the ZOR for a given event dissemination. In this thesis, our first contribution introduces a new geocast approach, called Data Dissemination Protocol based on Map Splitting(DPMS). The main thrust of DPMS consists of building the zones of relevance through the mining of correlations between vehicles’ trajectories and crossed regions. To do so, we rely on the Formal Concept Analysis (FCA), which is a method of extracting interesting clusters from relational data. The performed experiments show that DPMS outperforms its competitors in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. In another hand, some VANET applications, e.g., Traffic Information System (TIS), require data aggregation in order to inform vehicles about road traffic conditions, which leads to reduce traffic jams and consequently CO2 emission while increasing the user comfort. Therefore, the design of an efficient aggregation protocol that combines correlated traffic information like location, speed and direction known as Floating Car Data (FCD) is a challenging issue. In this thesis, we introduce a new TIS data aggregation protocol called Smart Directional Data Aggregation (SDDA) able to decrease the network overload while obtaining high accurate information on traffic conditions for large road sections. To this end, we introduce three levels of messages filtering: (i) filtering all FCD messages before the aggregation process based on vehicle directions and road speed limitations, (ii) integrating a suppression technique in the phase of information gathering in order to eliminate the duplicate data, and (iii) aggregating the filtered FCD data and then disseminating it to other vehicles. The performed experiments show that the SDDA outperforms existing approaches in terms of effectiveness and efficiency
Antoine, Maeva. "Amélioration de la dissémination de données biaisées dans les réseaux structurés." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4054/document.
Full textMany distributed systems face the problem of load imbalance between machines. With the advent of Big Data, large datasets whose values are often highly skewed are produced by heterogeneous sources to be often processed in real time. Thus, it is necessary to be able to adapt to the variations of size/content/source of the incoming data. In this thesis, we focus on RDF data, a format of the Semantic Web. We propose a novel approach to improve data distribution, based on the use of several order-preserving hash functions. This allows an overloaded peer to independently modify its hash function in order to reduce the interval of values it is responsible for. More generally, to address the load imbalance issue, there exist almost as many load balancing strategies as there are different systems. We show that many load balancing schemes are comprised of the same basic elements, and only the implementation and interconnection of these elements vary. Based on this observation, we describe the concepts behind the building of a common API to implement any load balancing strategy independently from the rest of the code. Implemented on our distributed storage system, the API has a minimal impact on the business code and allows the developer to change only a part of a strategy without modifying the other components. We also show how modifying some parameters can lead to significant improvements in terms of results
Haddadou, Nadia. "Réseaux ad hoc véhiculaires : vers une dissémination de données efficace, coopérative et fiable." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1023/document.
Full textVehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) allow sharing different kinds of data between vehicles in a collaborative way. In this thesis, we are particularly interested in road safety applications, designed for the exchange of information on road traffic and conditions. This kind of applications have strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, as data must be routed thoroughly and without any delays so for assuring the timely delivery of useful information to the drivers. In this context, data routing must face several issues raised by the high mobility and dispersion of vehicles, inadequate or completely lacking infrastructure, a variable network density, network saturation due to the large of information to deliver, and the size of the geographical areas to cover. Indeed, the problem of data dissemination in VANETs is non-trivial, and several research challenges must be solved in order to provide an efficient, collaborative, and reliable support for road safety applications. Specifically, we will address the problem of collaborative data dissemination through the following three questions: “How to perform data dissemination?”, “When should we do it?”, and “What must be disseminated?” We have provided answers to these questions through the three contributions of this thesis. Our first contribution is an efficient dissemination strategy, specifically tailored to the importance of the exchanged information as well as its lifespan, which is able to avoid the intensive dissemination process that generates network congestion and data redundancy. We confirm our statements and validate the performance of our solution by modeling it using a discrete-time Markov chain, which demonstrates the number of necessary retransmissions for all concerned vehicles to receive information. Moreover, we performed extensive simulations that show a reduction of up to 90% of redundant messages with respect to message flooding dissemination strategies. Next, in order to further improve the road safety message dissemination process, we propose a communications channel access scheduler, which aims at reducing the number of collisions caused by IEEE 802.11p/1609.4 multi-channel synchronizations, and thus improving the data reception rate. We base our solution on the optimal stopping theory, which chooses the right moment to send information by balancing the channel occupancy rate, the data delivery efficiency, and the maximum deferment delay tolerated by the information. To this end, we formulate the optimal stopping theory through a Markov decision process (MDP). We show through simulation-based evaluations an improvement of the reception rate of up to 25% and a reduction of up to 47% of message losses. Finally, after being interested in the quantitative aspect of network performance, we centered our efforts on improving the reliability of the dissemination process, which is obtained by motivating vehicles to cooperate and evicting malicious vehicles from the process. To this end, we propose a trust model inspired on signaling games, which are a type of dynamic Bayesian games. Through the use of our model, equilibrium is achieved, thus resulting in a fast and low-cost vehicle self-selection process. We define the parameters of our trust model through a discrete-time Markov chain model. To the best of our knowledge, our solution is the only existing solution that tackles the negative effects introduced by the presence of both malicious and selfish vehicles in a VANET. We evaluated the performance of our solution by modeling it using a Markov chain, and a set of simulations. Our results show that up to 100% of malicious vehicles are evicted while keeping a high cooperation rate, thus achieving an improvement of 42% when compared to other similar solutions
Hamidouche, Lyes. "Vers une dissémination efficace de données volumineuses sur des réseaux wi-fi denses." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS188/document.
Full textWe are witnessing a proliferation of mobile technologies and an increasing volume of data used by mobile applications. Devices consume thus more and more bandwidth. In this thesis, we focus on dense Wi-Fi networks during large-scale events (such as conferences). In this context, the bandwidth consumption and the interferences caused by the parallel downloads of a large volume of data by several mobile devices that are connected to the same Wi-Fi network degrade the performance of the dissemination. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication technologies such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi Direct can be used in order to improve network performance to deliver better QoE to users. In this thesis we propose two approaches for improving the performance of data dissemination. The first approach, more suited to a dynamic configuration, is to use point-to-point D2D connections on a flat topology for data exchange. Our evaluations show that our approach can reduce dissemination times by up to 60% compared to using Wi-Fi alone. In addition, we ensure a fair distribution of the energy load on the devices to preserve the weakest batteries in the network. We have observed that by taking into account the battery life and the bandwidth of mobile devices, the solicitation of the weakest batteries can be reduced significantly. The second approach, more adapted to static configurations, consists in setting up hierarchical topologies by gathering mobile devices in small clusters. In each cluster, a device is chosen to relay the data that it receives from the server and forwards it to its neighbors. This approach helps to manage interference more efficiently by adjusting the signal strength in order to limit cluster reach. In this case, we observed up to 30% gains in dissemination time. In the continuity of this thesis work, we discuss three perspectives which would be interesting to be undertaken, in particular the automatic adaptation of the dissemination to the state of the network and the simultaneous use of both topology types, flat and hierarchical
Hamidouche, Lyes. "Vers une dissémination efficace de données volumineuses sur des réseaux wi-fi denses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS188.
Full textWe are witnessing a proliferation of mobile technologies and an increasing volume of data used by mobile applications. Devices consume thus more and more bandwidth. In this thesis, we focus on dense Wi-Fi networks during large-scale events (such as conferences). In this context, the bandwidth consumption and the interferences caused by the parallel downloads of a large volume of data by several mobile devices that are connected to the same Wi-Fi network degrade the performance of the dissemination. Device-to-Device (D2D) communication technologies such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi Direct can be used in order to improve network performance to deliver better QoE to users. In this thesis we propose two approaches for improving the performance of data dissemination. The first approach, more suited to a dynamic configuration, is to use point-to-point D2D connections on a flat topology for data exchange. Our evaluations show that our approach can reduce dissemination times by up to 60% compared to using Wi-Fi alone. In addition, we ensure a fair distribution of the energy load on the devices to preserve the weakest batteries in the network. We have observed that by taking into account the battery life and the bandwidth of mobile devices, the solicitation of the weakest batteries can be reduced significantly. The second approach, more adapted to static configurations, consists in setting up hierarchical topologies by gathering mobile devices in small clusters. In each cluster, a device is chosen to relay the data that it receives from the server and forwards it to its neighbors. This approach helps to manage interference more efficiently by adjusting the signal strength in order to limit cluster reach. In this case, we observed up to 30% gains in dissemination time. In the continuity of this thesis work, we discuss three perspectives which would be interesting to be undertaken, in particular the automatic adaptation of the dissemination to the state of the network and the simultaneous use of both topology types, flat and hierarchical
Kubler, Sylvain. "Premiers travaux relatifs au concept de matière communicante : Processus de dissémination des informations relatives au produit." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0130.
Full textOver the last decade, communities involved with intelligent-manufacturing systems (IMS - Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, HMS - Holonic Manufacturing System) have demonstrated that systems that integrate intelligent products can be more efficient, flexible and adaptable. Intelligent products may prove to be beneficial economically, to deal with product traceability and information sharing along the product lifecycle. Nevertheless, there are still some open questions such as the specification of what information should be gathered, stored and distributed and how it should be managed during the lifecycle of the product. The contribution of this thesis is to define a process for disseminating information related to the product over its lifecycle. This process is combined with a new paradigm, which changes drastically the way we view the material. This concept aims to give the ability for the material to be intrinsically and wholly "communicating". The data dissemination process allow users to store context-sensitive information on communicating product. In addition to the data dissemination process, this thesis gives insight into the technological and scientific research fields inherent to the concept of "communicating material", which remain to be explored
Kubler, Sylvain. "Premiers travaux relatifs au concept de matière communicante : Processus de dissémination des informations relatives au produit." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00759600.
Full textMezghani, Farouk. "La dissémination de contenus dans les réseaux véhiculaires." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14471/1/Mezghani_Farouk_INPT.pdf.
Full textOrtiz, Acosta Martín Eduardo. "Histoire de la végétation et du climat au nord-ouest du Mexique : données et méthodes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30004.
Full textWe show the pollen analysis, techniques and preparation of taken samples from Northwestern Mexico. We discuss of the palynological problems in arid lands and we hoping that it will be used to further studies. The second chapter relates the modern pollen rain and the statistical relationships with vegetation. We show a geographical gradient of six vegetation zones. The following chapter used the Biomes methodology applied previously in other countries and was tested for biomes of the North-West Mexico. This method allowed the methodology of Plant Functional Types (PFT's). The following chapter shows a climatic reconstruction based on modern pollen records and tested on fossil pollen records from Sonoran Desert and Sierra Madre Occidental
Hu, Ruijing. "Algorithmes de dissémination épidémiques dans les réseaux à grande échelle : comparaison et adaptation aux topologies." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931796.
Full textCherif, Mohamed Oussama. "Optimization of V2V and V2I communications in an operated vehicular network." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1906.
Full textAs a component of the intelligent transportation system (ITS) and one of the concrete applications of mobile ad hoc networks, vehicular networks are attracting an extensive attention from both academia and industry. The most important feature of these networks is their ability to extend the horizon of drivers and on-board devices and, thus, to make the time spent in vehicle enjoyable to both driver and passengers and improve road traffic safety and efficiency. Nevertheless, it is not usually casy to develop such systems due to the constraints related to the vehicular environment such as the road’s architecture and the high mobility of nodes. These different properties offer two major challenges which are (i) offering sufficient QoS, and (ii) limiting the generated overhead. In this thesis, we focused on both vehicle to vehicle communication and vehicle to infrastructure communication. We tried to propose some optimized solutions that improve the quality of service in vehicular networks while generating a limited overhead and make easier the deployment of new services. First, we focused on the address configuration and mobility management in vehicular networks which are basic issues that act as pedestals to all other items. We proposed a multicast-communication-based solution to minimize the handover delays. Then, we bend over to study three major items in the vehicular network context : (i) data dissemination, where we proposed a local intersection-aware data dissemination protocol called ROD, (ii) data collection, where we proposed CGP protocol. This later is based on both cellular network and V2V communications, and (iii) self organization, where we proposed a self-organizing architecture based on geographic clustering. The performances of the different contributions were evaluated via simulations studies. Some of them were also evaluated analytically or/and via on-road real tests
Soua, Ahmed. "Vehicular ad hoc networks : dissemination, data collection and routing : models and algorithms." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919774.
Full textSoua, Ahmed. "Vehicular ad hoc networks : dissemination, data collection and routing : models and algorithms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TELE0028.
Full textEach day, Humanity loses thousands of persons on roads when they were traveling to work, to study or even to distract. The financial cost of these injuries is also terrifying: Some statistics evaluate the financial cost of vehicle accidents at 160 billion Euro in Europe each year. These alarming figures have driven researchers, automotive companies and public governments to improve the safety of our transportation systems and communication technologies aiming at offering safer roads and smooth driving to human beings. In this context, Vehicular Adhoc Networks, where vehicles are able to communicate with each others and with existent road side units, emerge as a promising wireless technology able to enhance the vision of drivers and offer larger telematic horizon. VANETs promising applications are not only restricted to road safety but span from vehicle trafficoptimization like flow congestion control to commercial applications like file sharing and internet access. Safety applications require that their alert information is propagated to the concerned vehicles (located in the hazardous zone) with little delay and high reliability. For these reasons, this category of applications is considered as delay sensitive and broadcast-oriented nature. While classical blind flooding is rapid, its major drawback is its huge bandwidth utilization. In this thesis, we are interested on enhancing vehicular communications under different scenarios and optimizations: First, We focus on deriving a new solution (EBDR) to disseminate alert messages among moving vehicles while maintaining it efficient and rapid. Our proposal is based on directional antennas to broadcast messages and a route guidance algorithm to choose the best path for the packets. Findings confirmed the efficiency of our approach in terms of probability of success and end-to-end delays. Moreover, in spite of the broadcast nature of the proposed technique, all transmissions stop very soon after the arrival of a packet to its destination representing a strong feature in the conception of EBDR. Second, we propose a novel mathematical framework to evaluate the performance of EBDR analytically. Although most of the proposed techniques present in literature use experimental or simulation tools to defend their performance, we rely here on mathematical models to confirm our achieved results. Our proposed framework allows to derive meaningful performance metrics including the probability of transmission success and the required number of hops to reach thefinal destination. Third, we refine our proposed broadcast-based routing EBDR to provide more efficient broadcasting by adjusting the transmission range of each vehicle based on its distance to the destination and the local node density. This mechanism allows better minimization of interferences and bandwidth's saving. Furthermore, an analytical model is derived to calculate thetransmission area in the case of a simplified node distribution. Finally, we are interested on data collection mechanisms as they make inter-vehicle communications more efficient and reliable and minimize the bandwidth utilization. Our technique uses Q-learning to collect data among moving vehicles in VANETs. The aim behind using the learning technique is to make the collecting operation more reactive to nodes mobility and topology changes. For the simulation part, we compare it to a non-learning version to study the effect of the learning technique. Findings show that our technique far outperforms other propositions and achieves a good trade off between delay and collection ratio. In conclusion, we believe that the different contributions presented in this Thesis will improve the efficiency of inter-vehicle communications in both dissemination and data collection directions. In addition, our mathematical contributions will enrich the literature in terms of constructing suitable models to evaluate broadcasting techniques in urban zones