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Istiqlaly, Binta, and Umar Ma’ruf. "Judicial Review Implementation On Dissenters Notary Rights In Making Deeds." Jurnal Akta 6, no. 2 (August 29, 2019): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v6i2.5085.
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The purpose of this study was to: 1) Knowing and analyzing on the Implementation of the Right Dissenters in the Making Notary Deed. 2) To determine and analyze about the obstacle Notaries in Implementing Dissenters rights. The method used in this research is the empirical jurisdiction. Adopting legislation, learning materials primary and secondary law. The technique of collecting data using interviews and literature study and data analysis techniques qualitative analysis using descriptive analysis decomposition.After doing research Juridical Review of Implementation of the Right Dissenters In the Manufacture Notary Deed to a conclusion that is Implementation of the Dissenters rights in the Making Notary Deed is basically the right to withdraw from testifying upfront Court in Civil and Criminal problem. Implementation of the right of refusal notaries in practice, if it turns out the notary as a witness or a suspect, defendant, or in the examination by the Board of Trustees Notary divulge and provide information/statements should shall be kept confidential, while legislation is not ordered, then the complaint filed by parties who feel aggrieved can sue the notary.As well as Obstacles Notaries in options or Use Dissenters rights in the Making Deed is faced by a notary public in using the right of refusal which are the Assembly, Regional Supervisor (MPD) approved the request of the police in the inspection of a notary public, a notary unable to escape to does not provide information because the police already have the recommendation of the Supervisory Council of Regions (MPD). Another constraint is that if the investigating authorities in this case the police use forceful measures with the reason for the interest of the investigation, the notary can not usually be avoided by reason of use right of refusal because the police could have used the excuse that the notary was not cooperative in providing information regarding the deed he made , so that the police do a forced effort.Keywords: Dissenters Rights, Notary and Deed.
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Brantlinger, P. "Dissenters and Mavericks: Writing about India in English, 1765-2000." Comparative Literature 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/-56-1-107.
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Walker, Peter W. "The Bishop Controversy, the Imperial Crisis, and Religious Radicalism in New England, 1763-74: By arrangement with the Colonial Society of Massachusetts the Editors of the New England Quarterly are pleased to publish the winning essay of the 2016 Walter Muir Whitehill Prize in Early American History." New England Quarterly 90, no. 3 (September 2017): 306–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00623.
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This essay re-examines the “bishop controversy”, a dispute between Anglicans and Dissenters in the decade preceding the American Revolution. The controversy, it argues, was part of the imperial crisis caused by the Seven Years' War and the government's toleration of French Catholics in Quebec. This perspective highlights the Church of England's limited role in the empire and the unacknowledged radicalism of loyalist Anglicans.
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Chapman, Alison A. "“To All Baptized”: The Watery Dissent of Paradise Regained." Milton Studies 65, no. 2 (August 2023): 276–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/miltonstudies.65.2.0276.
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ABSTRACT This essay reads the opening scene of Paradise Regained—in which Jesus goes down to the River Jordan to be baptized—in the contexts both of the intense seventeenth-century debates about baptism and Milton’s own stated support for adult, believer baptism (as opposed to infant christening) in De Doctrina Christiana. Especially in light of the crackdown on Dissenters after the Restoration, Milton’s decision to feature a scene of full-immersion adult baptism was a polemical one that expressed his tacit solidarity with the community of baptistic believers.
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Hillenbrand, Rainer. "KONTROVERSTHEOLOGISCHE BILDINTERPRETATIONEN VON FISCHART UND NAS." Daphnis 42, no. 1 (May 1, 2013): 93–139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-90001128.
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The images of a church service with animal figures — in Strasbourg cathedral —, later destroyed, are characteristically interpreted by the Protestant Fischart and the Catholic Nas in favour of their own denomination, although they agree in their misunderstanding of the actual meaning of the images. The view of Nas that heretical dissenters are criticized through the animals, is more convincing than the attempt by Fischart to see the medieval sculptors as critics of the church and thus as precursors of Protestantism.
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ALSOP, J. D. "DEFOE, TOLAND, AND THE SHORTEST WAY WITH THE DISSENTERS." Review of English Studies XLIII, no. 170 (1992): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/xliii.170.245.
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Panchenko, A. A. "Who Were the Doukhobors Discussed by Herzen in "My Past and Thoughts"?" Russkaya literatura 1 (2020): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-1-102-112.
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In the 4th part of "My Past and Thoughts", Herzen recalls his life in Novgorod in 1841–1842 and, inter alia, tells a story about a certain «Doukhobor leader», allegedly imprisoned by the Emperor Paul I. Even though the story looks rather far-fetched, it seems to stem from real historical events — the 1800 investigation into the religious dissenters from the Novgorod Gubernia and certain episodes from the life of Kondratiy Selivanov, the leader of the Scoptsy (Castrates) movement. The article deals with the social, historical, and religious contexts of the narrative told by Herzen.
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Hannak, Kristine, and Andrew Weeks. "Sebastian Franck, Johann Arndt, and the Varieties of Religious Dissent." Daphnis 48, no. 1-2 (March 19, 2020): 319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18796583-04801005.
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Sebastian Franck and Johann Arndt must be included among those dissenters inspired by the Lutheran Reformation who pursued reforming objectives that went beyond theology and devotion. Franck and Arndt are contrasting figures who reveal the breadth of the movement. The former was a radical and rebel whose studies included history and humanism; the latter turned to Paracelsus and strove to work within Lutheran institutions and retain the pastoral authority which Franck cast aside. Both rejected theological dispute and religiously motivated violence; and both were decisively attracted to the same mystical texts. Both exercised remarkable influence in their day and belatedly in different later periods.
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Binfield, Clyde. "Breadth from Dissent: Ada Ellen Bayly (‘Edna Lyall’) and Her Fiction." Studies in Church History 48 (2012): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400001431.
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Attitudes change. They broaden as well as contract. They reflect the permeation of dissenting ideas in apparently settled communities and the assimilation of conventionally accepted ideas by dissenters. The process is transformative. Literature is a prime medium for the transmission of ideas. It shapes attitudes. What, then, of the role of popular literature, especially fiction, in shaping the attitudes, especially the religious attitudes, of a rapidly growing, clearly intelligent and significandy female reading public? This paper considers an Anglican writer, formed in part by Dissent, whose work particularly appealed to Nonconformists exercising their citizenship in a complex but now promisingly open society. This Broad Churchwoman enlarged the minds of her readers in liberal directions without diminishing their Dissenting formation. She is now quite forgotten, but her apparently modest achievement was in fact considerable.
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Bytko, Sergey S. "Old Believer’s Book Culture in P. I. Melnikov-Pechersky’s Novel “In the Woods” (To the 140th Anniversary of the Writer’s Death)." Two centuries of Russian classics 5, no. 1 (2023): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2686-7494-2023-5-1-84-101.
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The article examines the peculiarities of P. I. Melnikov-Pechersky’s perception of the Volga Old Believers’ book tradition. In particular, it establishes the sources of the formation of the writer’s ideas about the role of bookishness in the daily life of “dissenters.” The author of “In the Woods” acquired a deep acquaintance with church literature during the performance of his official duties and numerous business trips. The article clarifies curious details of Melnikov’s description of the reading culture of the Old Believers, as well as the main ways of spreading bookishness among the “zealots of ancient piety.” The writer demonstrated his own view on factors that determined the popularity of a particular work among “dissenters.” The article examines Melnikov-Pechersky’s perception of the significance of the monasteries in the preservation of the Old Russian Cyrillic heritage, as well as the role of the scribes in the organization of the religious and everyday life of the Old Believers communities. The author analyzes the influence of the spread of the civil press and secular education on the processes of gradual secularization of the Old Believers community. Summing up the results, it can be concluded that Melnikov had very ambiguous attitude to the book traditions of the “old time lovers.” Thus, the author points to the extreme fanaticism of some polemical Old Believers’ writings, which destructively affect the consciousness of their readers, calling for moving away from progress and hating everything around them.
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McKelvey, Seth. "Beyond Protest: Voice and Exit in Contemporary American Poetry." American Literature 91, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 841–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-7917332.
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Abstract In liberal political economy, voice (voting, complaining, etc.) and exit (dissociating, boycotting, etc.) are the two primary feedback mechanisms for improving large organizations. When it comes to the political state, however, exit is off the table: no one leaves the state, so dissenters must articulate their dissatisfaction within systems of representation. For any politics opposed to the state, voice is all one has. This essay reads Juliana Spahr’s This Connection of Everyone with Lungs (2005) and Well Then There Now (2011) and Nathaniel Mackey’s Splay Anthem (2006) as exemplars of an impetus in contemporary American poetry to enable exit from the state. However, this project inevitably fails, and the poetics of exit resorts to a renewed voice. Rather than a complaint addressed to authority, these poets’ voiced demand for exit now forms the potential basis of new political collectivities, people joined by a shared desire to leave the state.
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Tickell, A. "Review: The Dissonance of Dissent * Margery Sabin: Dissenters and Mavericks: Writings about India in English, 1765-2000." Cambridge Quarterly 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/33.1.74.
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Jerryson, Michael. "Introduction." Bulletin for the Study of Religion 45, no. 3-4 (October 27, 2016): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsor.v45i3-4.31344.
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This special issue is devoted to the work and legacy of René Girard. One of the most prodigious scholars to work on religion and violence, Girard produced scholarship that has stimulated thousands of scholars for over forty years. On November 4, 2015, René Girard died at his residence in Stanford, California. He had served as the Andrew B. Hammond Professor of French Language, Literature, and Civilization, from 1985-1994 and had continued as Professor Emeritus of French Language, Literature, and Civilization. While there are scholars who support Girard’s work and see much of his work as a launching point for further work—and carry the reference as “Girardians” – there are notable critics who disagree with Girard, even his most foundational concepts. Regardless of their positions, the advocates and dissenters of Girardian theory evince René Girard’s widespread impact. This commemorative issue hosts a compilation of essays by some of the most influential scholars to write on religion and violence. Some authors advance Girard’s work, some authors critique it; collectively, their work pays tribute.
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Wykes, David L. "From David’s Psalms to Watts’s Hymns: the Development of Hymnody among Dissenters following the Toleration Act." Studies in Church History 35 (1999): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400014054.
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The introduction of hymns and hymn-singing has been described as one of the greatest contributions made by dissent to English worship. Yet, with the exception of specialist studies by hymnologists, church historians have largely ignored eighteenth-century hymns and hymn-singing, though it is clear they represented a powerful and popular source of contemporary religious expression. Hymns, that is compositions which depart too far from Scripture to be called paraphrases, have been one of the most effective mediums of religious thought and feeling, second only to the Bible in terms of their influence. The only recent academic studies have been in English Literature, where hymns have been examined as literary texts for their poetic value. As a consequence neither the historical context of the development of the hymn in the decades following the 1689 Toleration Act, nor the liturgical significance of their introduction to public worship, has been addressed.
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Marshall, A. "The Generic Context of Defoe's The Shortest-Way with the Dissenters and the Problem of Irony." Review of English Studies 61, no. 249 (August 4, 2009): 234–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgp053.
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Shim, Hoon. "Narative journalism in the contemporary newsroom." Narrative Inquiry 24, no. 1 (October 28, 2014): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.24.1.04shi.
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This study examines the journalistic discourse in American trade publications toward a storytelling format, competitive in contemporary daily papers, which has long been considered as not appropriate for objective news writing. Thomas Kuhn’s concept of ‘paradigm’ was employed in examining and analyzing narrative discourse in trade journals. The outcome of text-analysis revealed that assenters in narrative news writing outnumbered the dissenters; narrative upholders have vividly attempted to construct a friendly perspective toward a storytelling format by eulogizing the prose style, battering the old form of news production, and distancing the previous literary movement from contemporary narrative news writing. The author concludes that the change of journalistic perception toward the narrative style documents the hierarchical relationship between the occupational ideology and the market ideology within which the journalistic paradigm of news writing can be modified and replaced when the established one — the inverted pyramid news writing — fails to satisfy the concerns of the media industry.
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Galbraith, Jeffrey. "“The Spirit of Martyrdom is Over”: Irony, Communication, and Indifference in Daniel Defoe’s The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1702)." Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory 33, no. 1 (January 2, 2022): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10436928.2022.2019507.
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Fruzińska, Justyna. "From Physical to Spiritual Errand: The Immigrant Experience in John Winthrop, William Bradford, and Samuel Danforth." Text Matters, no. 5 (November 17, 2015): 148–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/texmat-2015-0011.
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The paper analyzes early colonial representations of the New World, connected with immigration of the first- and second-generation religious dissenters in what was to become America. Taking into account the well-documented influence of Puritans on American identity (often noticed by scholars since Tocqueville), the paper elaborates on the Puritans’ and Pilgrims’ mindsets as they arrived in the New World, connected not only with their religious beliefs but most of all with a practical need to organize themselves effectively. Be it in John Winthrop’s “A Modell of Christian Charity,” William Bradford’s “Of Plymouth Plantation” or Samuel Danforth’s “New England’s Errand into the Wilderness,” the authors of these works clearly show how the Pilgrims and Puritans had to confront the experience of emigration/immigration and construct not only new ways of social organization but also new identity. The paper focuses on the immigrants’ perception of the New World, their own role and challenges they were faced with, and their thinking about the society they came from and were about to construct. It deals with their process of adjusting to the surroundings and discussing values they decided to promote for the sake of communal survival in the adverse conditions of the New World.
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Davies, Richard G. "Lollardy and Locality." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 1 (December 1991): 191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679036.
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There can now be no doubt of the intellectual substance and cohesion of early Wyclifitism as expressed in the writings of educated clerks in immediate contact with the man himself. Most would accept, too, that this coherence was successfully transferred from Latin to English. However, although these Wyclifite scholars recognised the need for a corpus of literature to cater for a non-academic audience and provide the basis in ideas for a sustained movement, they had difficulty in supplying it. This might seem to offer easy comfort to those who are already doubtful whether people called Lollards could or did grasp Wyclifitism; whether they just amputated the bits they liked, debased or perverted them, or really did not take anything on board at all. Even some less cynical would agree that the Church itself played a large part in shaping Lollardy's ideas and characteristics: such is so often the way in the birth of protest movements. Indeed, to some hardliners ‘Lollardy’ seems little more than a scare-story invented by the Church in order to damn a large but motley crew of critics and dissenters. Or, if not the Church, then those historians in whom hope triumphs over experience.
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Oktaria, Renti, Irhamni Ali, and Purwanto Putra. "The Potential Utilizing ChatGPT for Education and Teaching Students: Understanding, Prospects, Challenges, and Utilization"." Educative: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan 1, no. 2 (August 14, 2023): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37985/educative.v1i2.75.
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This research aims to analyze the development of the ChatGPT topic in the context of its utilization and the challenges in supporting 21st-century education and learning programs that require the development of learning media as well as mapping the risks associated with the presence of AI (Artificial Intelligence) phenomenon, specifically ChatGPT. This requires the development of learning media as well as the mapping of risks associated with the presence of AI phenomenon, specifically ChatGPT. The method used in this study is a literature review related to ChatGPT, gathered from the Google database using the Google Advanced search strategy. The keywords "ChatGPT," "education," and "learning" were used to access various publications, particularly national and international scholarly articles that discuss relevant topics. The research findings generally indicate that ChatGPT is currently popular and dynamic, and it is predicted to continue growing in the future. However, discussions specifically related to ChatGPT in the field of education and learning are still the subject of debate, with both supporters and dissenters presenting rational arguments. Several examples demonstrate the significant positive benefits of ChatGPT's presence. To avoid confusion, it is crucial to establish policies formulated by authorized entities and implement them nationally with various supporting regulations.
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’Dunmade, ’Femi. "A Phenomenology of Selected Postproverbial Poetry of Jack Mapanje." Matatu 51, no. 2 (September 21, 2020): 417–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05102014.
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Abstract Studies on Jack Mapanje’s poetry are largely postcolonial and on the poet’s use of Malawian lore but hardly on his use of proverbs. Yet Mapanje deploys proverbs sufficiently in his poetry for the deployment to merit study. Therefore, this study examines the deployment of the umbilical-cordage-of-peculiar-hounds proverb in selected poems from Mapanje’s Skipping Without Ropes. It adopts phenomenology. The choice of the theory is to allow the critic to move with aplomb between the four selected poems in a resolute hunt for the essence of the proverb in the poetry. The study reveals that Mapanje ruptures the original meaning of the proverb which is about choice and thirst to see the wonder and beauty of creation as cause to travel to a distant land but deploys it to treat flight from barbarous tyranny. The poetry describes state abuse of dissenters, peine forte er dure, imprisonment and death, and threats to life as cause enough to flee one’s country. The rhetorical transformation of the proverb in semantic terms makes the idiom behind the poetry postproverbial. The study also advances Mapanje’s penchant for “rhetoric of animality”, ritual aesthetics and pit-death symbolism and recommends that Mapanje’s deployment of proverb in other poetry merits further study.
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Altenburger, Martin. "The Effect of Injunctive Social Norms and Dissent on Budget Reporting Honesty." Journal of International Accounting Research 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-51744.
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ABSTRACT Research in budgeting suggests that contextual factors may have a considerable influence on budget reporting honesty. Therefore, the present study investigates managers' honesty in the presence of different social norms. While there are several studies that look at the impact of descriptive social norms (what one actually does) on managerial honesty, injunctive social norms (what one ought to do) have not received a lot of attention in the literature. As concrete actions of peers are rarely observable in the budgeting process, this study focuses on the effect of injunctive norms for honesty/opportunism on budget reporting honesty. Moreover, the role of dissenters from the norm is investigated. The results from a laboratory experiment suggest that injunctive norms can have a considerable influence on managers' budget reporting behavior because many people conform to the preferences of their peer group. However, the effect of injunctive norms decreases substantially when there are minorities that show alternative preferences. With the use of the experimental data, the expected firm profit is calculated under different contracts. As the managers show considerable levels of honesty, a trust contract should be preferred compared to a hurdle contract, which is derived from conventional economic theory. Companies should therefore consider injunctive norms as a possible device to positively affect their managers' honesty and the respective firm profit.
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Hodana, Tomasz. "Śmierć grzesznika w prawosławnej literaturze polemicznej epoki unii brzeskiej." Slavica Wratislaviensia 168 (April 18, 2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1150.168.2.
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The death of a sinner in Orthodox polemical literature of the era of the Union of BrestIn the Orthodox polemics of the end of the 16th and the first half of the 17th century, sinners, dying of a “bad death”, are most often apostates from the faith bishops who joined the Union of Brest, converts, and religious dissenters, especially persecutors of the Orthodox Сhurch, and those committing sacrilege and blasphemy. Descriptions of their miserable deaths are based on a traditional Old East Slavic schema, but they have a particular, less universal dimension. They generally act as cautionary examples, which are referred to when discussing current issues the dispute over the legality of the Synod of Brest, the controversy over the acquisition of temples and properties, the debate over the calendrical reform, and the apologetics and defence of Orthodox sanctuaries, icons, and relics. In all cases, the death of a sinner Uniate, Catholic or Protestant becomes the final confirmation that the Orthodox author is right, as well as the evidence of the sanctity of his tradition, and the sign of condemnation of the religious dissenters.Смерть злодея в православной полемической литературе времен Брестской церковной унииВ православной полемической литературе конца ХVI и первой половины XVII века в роли грешников, умирающих „злой смертью”, чаще всего выступают вероотступники главным образом, епископы, признавшие Брестскую церковную унию 1596 года, люди, обращенные из православия, и инославные христиане, в первую очередь гонители Церкви, святотатцы и богохульники. Описания их жалкого конца опираются на традиционную древнерусскую модель, но в отличие от нее носят гораздо менее универсальный характер. Большей частью они играют роль назидательных примеров, к которым полемисты обращались в связи со злобой дня, такой как спор о каноничности брестского поместного собора, протесты против захвата православных храмов и имущества, разногласия насчет календарной реформы или же апология и защита православных святынь — церквей, икон и мощей. Во всех приведенных примерах смерть злодея униата, католика или протестанта является окончательным оправданием позиций благочестивого автора — доказательством богоугодности его собственной традиции и знаком осуждения любого инославия.
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Sommerville, C. John. "Puritan Humor, or Entertainment, for Children." Albion 21, no. 2 (1989): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4049927.
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When Keith Thomas wrote “The Place of Laughter in Tudor and Stuart England,” he could not ignore the so-called Marprelate Tracts, which are famous lampoons on Queen Elizabeth's bishops. But they are a problem, because they are examples of what can only be termed Puritan humor. No one yet has described them as the work of a “funny Puritan.” Those words repel each other. So we usually say they were the work of a “Puritan sympathizer.” Funny Puritans don't exist, almost by definition. Professor Thomas searched for an acceptable expression and finally dismissed the episode—seven pamphlets which have been called “The best prose satires of Elizabeth's reign”—as “bizarre.” In his view, then, it is all simply inexplicable, and he hastens to assure readers that “not only the Church but also its Puritan opponents condemned Martin [the pseudonymous “Martin Marprelate”] for treating the matter with such levity.” Here we have the Puritans we know and love, the ones whom H. L. Mencken defined as those who live with the haunting fear that someone, somewhere may be happy.But English Puritan literature for children reveals other anomalies in this characterization. Puritans and (after 1660) “Dissenters” wrote a great deal for children, more than any other group in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Most of it is tedious if not downright grim, including some of their attempts at humor. But much of it was intended to give pleasure. The purpose of this article is to look into the strangely neglected subject of Puritan humor through the prism of their works for the entertainment of children.
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Ampleman-Tremblay, Sandrine, and Camille Nadeau. "Justice Côté in 2019: Great Dissenter, Voice of the Court, or Both?" Manitoba Law Journal 44, no. 2 (August 25, 2021): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/mlj1260.
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This article analyzes quantitative data extracted from decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada as a way to provide a picture of the year 2019. More precisely, this paper focuses on Côté J. and her contribution to the Court. It also looks at the Court’s trends in 2019 with a gender lens and thus expands on existing literature. Guided by two hypotheses, the article divides its analysis into three parts, which each examine a specific topic: dissents and concurrences (3.1), frequency of agreement (3.2), and majority authorship (3.3). The first hypothesis suggests that Côté J. is more likely to dissent and less likely to agree with her colleagues (measured through the frequency of agreement and participation, or lack thereof, with majority reasons). The second hypothesis builds on the first one and proposes that Côté J. is less likely to author a majority opinion. The first hypothesis found validation, whereas the second did not. While it is true that Côté J.’s contribution to the Court in 2019 can be examined through her dissents, we should note the following nuances: she (1) shared the top of the dissenting chart with Brown J.; (2) dissented in only one of the oral judgments in which she took part; (3) was chosen by the Chief Justice to be the voice of the Court for half of the unanimous decisions; and (4) had a majority authorship rate akin to her colleagues’ average. Finally, given our sample size, we could not conclude that gender had a definite impact either on concurrences and dissents, frequency of agreement, or majority authorship. This does not mean that no gender-related data is discussed in this paper.
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Mulcahy, Sean. "Dissents and Dispositions." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 5, no. 2 (June 7, 2018): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v5i2.247.
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This article provides critical reflections on the Conference of the Law, Literature and Humanities Association of Australasia, held on 12-14 December 2017 at La Trobe University and the University of Melbourne, Australia. The conference theme of dissents and dispositions ‘invited consideration of the arrangements and rearrangements of the conduct of law and life; of the dispositions of law and jurisprudence, and how these relate to dissents, resistance and transformation.’ Speakers discussed law, literature, public art, visuality, media, gender and sexuality. The various papers collectively raised questions of how the law is, through art and other mediums, arranged and subsequently – sometimes violently and sometimes politely – rearranged, constantly in a process of developing, evolving, never finishing, and always applying its words and touch to new circumstances.
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Danylenko, Liudmyla. "Memory cannot die: understanding of criminal psychiatry in the USSR in s. Protsiuk’s novel “The Grass cannot die”." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 13, no. 23 (2020): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2020-13-23-22-30.
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Reconstruction of the USSR`s life memory is extremely relevant, as it awakens awareness of the past traumas: the realities of the Soviet everyday life (standardization, patience, adaptation) and the cruel destruction of any attempt to uphold national identity. The interest in this topic is caused by the understanding of the modern problems in the development of the Ukrainian independence, especially in times of Russian military and ideological aggression. The works about the Soviet past appear in the Ukrainian literature one by one. Writers are driven not by the desire to immerse themselves in nostalgic memories of childhood or adolescence, but by the need to expose the destructive impact on the worldview, culture, language of the Ukrainians, and ultimately on our statehood. The article is devoted to a topic of memory about the struggle for the national freedom of the Ukrainians in the 1970's, which is represented in S. Protsiuk's novel “The grass cannot die”. The main focus of the analysis is the reconstruction of the Soviet past, the horrific systematic methods of the authorities against citizens who asserted their national identity in particular. Special attention is paid to the artistic comprehension of such phenomenon as punishment of «dissenters» by treatment in psychiatric medical institutions. The representation peculiarity of «punitive psychiatry» which is little known for the general public is traced. The author shows how real events of the past are reflected in the artistic text. She briefly analyzes the work of former Soviet political prisoners, including L. Pliushch’s memoir “At the Carnival of History”. At the center of the study is the image of a psychiatric hospital in Dnepropetrovsk. It is a contrast to the figure of the Ukrainian poet Maksym Tomylenko, a victim of punitive psychiatry. The author's ability to show the authenticity of events, the inner state of the characters and the surrounding circumstances are analyzed. Ideological and semantic role of the work is specified as a reminder of the past heroes, of the difficult way to fight for Ukraine, of its spiritual heritage. The author of the article proves that S. Protsiuk's novel opens the tragic pages of the past and dispels myths about the well-being of the Ukrainian nation in the USSR. Problematic issues of the work, its ideas and appropriate stylistics are essential in the complex study of the artistic vision of the Soviet past in contemporary prose.
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Allen, Ronald J., and Michael S. Pardo. "Relative plausibility and its critics." International Journal of Evidence & Proof 23, no. 1-2 (January 3, 2019): 5–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1365712718813781.
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Within legal scholarship there is a tendency to use (perhaps overuse) “paradigm shift” in ways far removed from the process famously described by Thomas Kuhn. Within the field of evidence, however, a phenomenon very similar to a paradigm shift, in the Kuhnian sense, is occurring. Although not on the scale of the transformation from Newtonian to Einsteinian physics or other tectonic shifts in science, the best understanding of juridical proof is shifting from probabilism to explanationism. For literally hundreds of years, proof at trial was assumed to be probabilistic. This assumption was given sustained scholarly attention and support beginning with the 1968 publication of John Kaplan’s path-breaking article that generated a rich literature explaining virtually all aspects of juridical proof as probabilistic, from the basic nature of relevancy through the processing of information to the final decision about the facts. Although probabilism quickly became the dominant paradigm, some analytical difficulties were detected quite early (“anomalies” or “irritants” in the words of Kuhn), beginning with L. Jonathan Cohen’s demonstration of certain proof paradoxes. These were extended by Ronald Allen, who also demonstrated the incompatibility of Bayesian reasoning with trials and proposed an analytical alternative. Again a complex literature ensued with the defenders of the dominant paradigm attempting to explain away the anomalies or to shield the probabilistic paradigm from their potentially corrosive effects (in what in fact on a very small scale is precisely what Kuhn explained and predicted with respect to paradigm shifts in science). Over the last two decades, these anomalies have become too irritating to ignore, and the strengths of the competing paradigm involving explanatory inferences (referred to as the relative plausibility theory) have become too persuasive to dismiss. Thus the paradigm shift that the field is now experiencing. We provide here a summary of the relative plausibility theory and its improvement on the probabilistic paradigm. As Kuhn noted, not everybody gets on board when paradigms shift; there are holdouts, dissenters, and objectors. Three major efforts to demonstrate the inadequacies of relative plausibility have recently been published. We analyze them here to demonstrate that their objections are either misplaced or unavailing, leaving relative plausibility as the best explanation of juridical proof. It is interesting to note that two of the three critiques that we discuss actually agree on the inadequacies of the probabilistic paradigm (they provide alternatives). The third concedes that explanationism may provide a better overall account of juridical proof but tries to resuscitate a probabilistic interpretation of burdens of proof in light of one particular analytical difficulty (i.e., the conjunction problem, which arises from the fact that proof burdens apply to the individual elements of crimes, civil claims, and defenses rather than a party’s case as a whole). In analyzing the alternative positions proposed by our critics, we demonstrate that their accounts each fail to provide a better explanation than relative plausibility.
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Madzharov, Alexander S. "Religious Schism of the Russian Orthodox Church in Official Notes of I. S. Aksakov (1849–51)." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2022): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-3-662-673.
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I.S. Aksakov’s “Notes” on the history of the Schism of the Russian Orthodox Church appeared in 1849–51 and in 1866–89 were introduced into scientific use. In 2002 they have been republished and provided with scientific commentary. The documents as a source of theoretical conclusions about the Schism did not attract the researchers’ attention, and I.S. Aksakov’s doctrine on Old Believers was not elucidated. Thus, it is necessary to examine the “Notes” as a historiographical source, to determine its place in the literature of the 1850s. The study of texts has included analyzing their origin and content, comparing the evidence in notes and letters, correlating doctrines. I.S. Aksakov explained the meaning of the Schism in a new way, disavowing views of Platon (Levshin), Filaret Drozdov, Ignatius, Makarius, and others who reduced the phenomenon to rite, “ignorance” of the opponents of the church and state. He described the Schism as a spiritual and material dissonance in the life of society, provided insights into the meaning of protest resulting from inconsistency of the activities of protestants, church, and state with the moral ideal, tradition. I.S. Aksakov's conclusions were based on analysis of history and modernity of the process. The religious scholar assessed the scale of the phenomenon, its depth and danger to society. Having studied life and customs of the Old Believers of Bessarabia, he became convinced that the church was dealing with an “organized” “cohesive” “society” supported by “huge capital.” His familiarity with current life of dissenters led I.S. Aksakov to reject the key thesis of clerics about their ignorance. In a “Brief Note on Wanderers or Runaways,” he noted that a “well-read” heretic could surpass “any rural priest” in discussion of religious issues. Contrary to position of historians of the scholastic school, who blamed solely Old Believers for the crisis, I.S. Aksakov believed that responsibility for the split lay with the church and state. Hid reports note “bureaucratic nature of the church,” venality of clerics. In a letter to his family dated January 22, 1850, he reproached the “clergy” for abusing the “administrative and police trend.” However, the root cause of the Schism development in the 18th – 19th centuries in the Slavophile’s opinion was reforms of Peter I that changed the masses’ way of life. In his “Notes” (1849–51), I.S. Aksakov rejected the scholastic method of church historians and was the first to investigate the Schism as a historical phenomenon generated by contradictions in the society. Within frameworks of a different ideology and methodology, this trend was continued by A.P. Shchapov, S.M. Solovyov, N.I. Kostomarov, and other scientists whose works determined the specifics of the new historiography of the Schism.
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choi jae min. "John Bunyan as a Dissenter: A Study of Dissenting Literature in the Restoration." Medieval and Early Modern English Studies 22, no. 1 (February 2014): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17054/memes.2014.22.1.121.
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Butt, Simon. "The Function of Judicial Dissent in Indonesia’s Constitutional Court." Constitutional Review 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/consrev411.
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Indonesian judges are permitted to issue dissenting opinions. Constitutional Court judges regularly hand them down. However, neither judges nor academics have outlined the purposes of dissenting opinions in Indonesia. This article aims to promote discussion about what these purposes are, or should be, in Indonesia, with a view to increasing the utility of dissents. It begins by considering the international scholarly literature details some purposes recognised in other countries, such as increased transparency and accountability, but also some disadvantages, such as the perceived weakness of a divided court. It then considers how the Constitutional employs dissents, before exploring some of the uncertainties and unanswered questions about dissents and their use in Indonesia.
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Deconinck-Brossard, Françoise. "Representations of Children in the Sermons of Philip Doddridge." Studies in Church History 31 (1994): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400012997.
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When one realizes how small a percentage of eighteenth-century pulpit literature consists of sermons to, or about, children, one may wonder whether the much-vaunted new ‘awareness of childhood’ ever influenced preachers in the Augustan age. The most prominent minister to address the theme being Philip Doddridge of Northampton, the influential Dissenter, it seems worth investigating how he and his contemporaries chose to represent children.
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O'Brien, Glen. "'NOT RADICALLY A DISSENTER' : SAMUEL LEIGH IN THE COLONY OF NEW SOUTH WALES." Wesley and Methodist Studies 4 (January 1, 2012): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/42909827.
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O'Brien, Glen. "'NOT RADICALLY A DISSENTER' : SAMUEL LEIGH IN THE COLONY OF NEW SOUTH WALES." Wesley and Methodist Studies 4 (January 1, 2012): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/weslmethstud.4.2012.0051.
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Weeks (book author), Andrew, and Erica Bastress-Dukehart (review author). "Valentin Weigel: German Religious Dissenter, Speculative Theorist, and Advocate of Tolerance." Renaissance and Reformation 36, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v36i2.8608.
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Schade, Richard E., and Andrew Weeks. "Valentin Weigel (1533-1588). German Religious Dissenter, Speculative Theorist, and Advocate of Tolerance." German Quarterly 74, no. 1 (2001): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3072818.
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Vysoven, Oksana. "REPRESSIVE PSYCHIATRY AS PUNITIVE AND CORRECTIVE REMEDY IN THE FIGHT AGAINST ACTIVE MEMBERS OF THE BRANCH OF THE EASTERN CHRISTIAN BAPTIST (SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY)." Journal of Ukrainian History, no. 39 (2019): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-4611.2019.39.9.
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The purpose of the study is to unbiased analysis of sources and literature on the use of psychiatry in punitive and repressive purposes in the Ukrainian SSR. The article uses the following methods of research: comparative-historical, typologies, classifications, problem-chronological, etc. The first works in which the facts of the struggle of the totalitarian system with the active members of the brotherhood of the ECB began to be publicized by means of repressive psychiatry were the self-published bulletins that were periodical and published in the 70's and 80's. Soviet researchers did not mention in their works the facts of torture of believers by means of repressive medicine. Modern scholars, especially specialists in the field of psychiatry, partially re-thought and reinterpreted the crimes of repressive medicine over dissent and active members of the brotherhood of the ECB. At the same time, there is no comprehensive scientific-historical research about punitive psychiatry as a form of struggle against political opponents, and in particular with active members of the ECB in the second half of the twentieth century. There is no time for this, so we will try to fill this gap somewhat.The study found that the systematic use of psychiatry for the imprisonment of dissidents in a psychiatric hospital began in the late 1950's in connection with mass rehabilitation of political prisoners who, after returning from places of detention, openly opposed all kinds of abuse of power, lack of freedom of conscience and religion; it is proved that the Soviet regime under the psychiatric repressions was summed up the theoretical and legal basis, that led to the list of restrictions on so-called mentally ill: in professional capacity and in general, in capacity, in correspondence and many others, even if they were not brought to criminal responsibility; it was shown that in the 70-80s of the XX century. punitive and repressive machine of the totalitarian system, in the name of the leaders of the security forces and their analysts with maniacal zeal, developed anti-human torture for dissenters, the main role in their humiliation now relied on psychiatrists and their Jesuit methods based on the so-called «innovative» teaching of the Moscow school of psychiatrists A. Snezhevsky about «slowed down schizophrenia», this diagnosis was recognized only in the USSR and its satellites. Under the diagnosis of «delayed schizophrenia» could fall anyone who somehow expressed dissatisfaction with the actions of the ruling regime. It was found out that in the late 70's of the twentieth century threats with a psychiatric hospital to active believers have become systemic, especially the secret services have been pressured on the members of the Council of the Relatives of the ECB Prison, who were engaged in printing and publishing crimes of totalitarian power against humanity and freedom of conscience and religion; it is proved that in the early 1970's reports of unjustified hospitalization of political and religious dissidents in psychiatric hospitals reached the West and the United States. In order to prevent an international scandal, the leadership of a totalitarian state, together with intelligence agencies, decided to set up a group of advocacy specialists who also developed a plan of major measures to expose anti-Soviet slander campaign on so-called «political abuses» in psychiatry; in spite of the measures taken by the leadership and special services of the totalitarian regime, regarding the debunking of the so-called «myths about punitive medicine in the USSR,» the international community has gathered a lot of facts and interviewed persons over which there were inhumane torture in medical institutions throughout the communist state, which proved to be evidence the fact that the USSR in the 70's and 80's of the twentieth century the main method of combating dissent was the repressive psychiatry.
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Poster, Carol. "A Good Dissenter Speaking Well: William Enfield’s Educational and Elocutionary Philosophies in Religious Context." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 18, no. 1 (January 2015): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.18.1.0097.
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ABSTRACT Eighteenth-century British dissenting minister and rector of Warrington Academy William Enfield, author of the enormously successful elocutionary manual, The Speaker, although often ignored entirely or dismissed as trite and uninteresting in many histories of rhetoric, in fact wrote his elocutionary manual as part of a comprehensive educational system grounded in moral theology and faculty psychology. This article places Enfield’s elocutionary work within religious and pedagogical context through analysis of his writings on religion and education and his pamphlets debating Joseph Priestley over the nature of dissent.
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Madsen, Tine Hindkjaer. "Civil Disobedience, Epistocracy, and the Question of whether Superior Political Judgment Defeats Majority Authority." Journal of Moral Philosophy 17, no. 6 (July 6, 2020): 606–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-20203144.
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Abstract I outline a new approach to the question of when civil disobedience is legitimate by drawing on insights from the epistocracy literature. I argue that civil disobedience and epistocracy are similar in the sense that they both involve the idea that superior political judgment defeats majority authority, because this can lead to correct, i.e. just, prudent or morally right, political decisions. By reflecting on the question of when superior political judgment defeats majority authority in the epistocracy case, I identify considerations that also apply to the disobedience context. I conclude that disobedience in protest of law X performed by agents who know that X is wrong is legitimate when: 1) it is not reasonably disputable that the civil dissenter knows that X is wrong 2) the adoption of X is a high-stakes political decision and 3) no destabilizing effects ensue.
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Paulson, Ronald, and Ashley Marshall. "William Hogarth and Richard Steele." Eighteenth-Century Life 46, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 61–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9664410.
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William Hogarth and Richard Steele were in many ways part of the same intellectual and religiopolitical milieu, one that also links them both to the radical Whig cleric Benjamin Hoadly. Modern scholars have almost always connected Steele to Joseph Addison, emphasizing Steele's morals-and-manners journalism—but this is not a fair representation of his output. Identifying the connections between Steele and Hogarth allows us to appreciate each man's more radical proclivities. Hogarth transforms Steele's populism into something still more radical, emphasizing religion, and to do so he exploits the greater flexibility, ambiguity, and complexity of the graphic mode. An examination of Steele and Hoadly, among other things, permits us to situate more precisely the “sacred parody” of Hogarth's major works on a grid of such terms as Radical Dissenter, Hoadlian Low Churchman, Deist, Enlightenment gentleman, and witty blasphemer.
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Young, Lauren E. "Who dissents? Self-efficacy and opposition action after state-sponsored election violence." Journal of Peace Research 57, no. 1 (January 2020): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343319886000.
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Reactions to acts of state-sponsored election violence and other forms of repression vary greatly across individuals. This article develops a theory that the psychological characteristic of self-efficacy moderates opposition supporters’ reactions to state-sponsored election violence. I use data from an original survey and in-depth qualitative interviews with opposition supporters in Zimbabwe to illustrate and test this theory. Self-efficacy is a strong predictor of intention to take action in support of the opposition after episodes of state-sponsored election violence and is related to the emotional reactions that opposition supporters have after violent events. Specifically, people who are higher in self-efficacy report that they would feel more anger relative to fear after episodes of state-sponsored election violence. The relationship between self-efficacy and persistence in pro-opposition action after violence is similar in magnitude to variables that the existing literature argues are the most important predictors of dissent in repressive environments, including strength of identification with the opposition and gender. These results provide empirical support for the assumption in many collective action theories that psychological characteristics create variation in dissent in repressive environments. Understanding how individual psychological differences can shape reactions to coercive violence may help explain why forms of repression like state-sponsored election violence have such unpredictable effects on subsequent pro-opposition mobilization.
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Thompson, R. J. E. "THE VENTRIS–CHADWICK CORRESPONDENCE AND THE DECIPHERMENT OF LINEAR B: A DENIER, A DISSENTER AND A DUBIOUS CONCLUSION." Cambridge Classical Journal 65 (September 25, 2019): 173–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270519000058.
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The correspondence between Michael Ventris and John Chadwick, housed in the Mycenaean Epigraphy Room in the Faculty of Classics, Cambridge, provides valuable insights into the decipherment of Linear B and the collaboration between the two men which produced first ‘Evidence for Greek dialect in the Mycenaean archives’ (Ventris and Chadwick (1953)) and then Documents in Mycenaean Greek (Ventris and Chadwick (1956)). The letters also reveal interesting information about the relationship between Ventris and Chadwick and other scholars of the day. This article examines their relationship with Arthur Beattie, who never accepted the decipherment, and Leonard R. Palmer, who disagreed fundamentally with many of their interpretations of the texts. A file of correspondence containing letters from 1956, discovered only after the publication of Andrew Robinson's biography of Ventris (Robinson (2002)), casts doubt on the conclusion that, perhaps in part owing to difficulties with Palmer, Ventris had lost interest in Linear B immediately before his death.
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Heine, Victoria. "Institutional Unity vs Freedom of Expression: A Dissent Analysis of the Richardson Courts." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 33, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2002): 1001–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v33i3-4.5825.
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This paper undertakes an empirical analysis of the dissent patterns of the Court of Appeal during Sir Ivor Richardson's Presidency (1996-2002) using the New Zealand Law Reports and Brookers Ltd electronic Court of Appeal decisions as the data set. Existing literature suggests that there are three main factors in whether a dissenting judgment would be given: judicial workload, the Court's willingness to send out a clear message about the law, and the personalities and attitudes of individual judges. Dissents are also more likely to be common in discretionary decisions and the application of statutory principles. The results show a low rate of multiple judgments and rates of dissent in the Court of Appeal, seemingly as a result of an increase in judicial workload as well as the personality of individual judges.
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Apter, Emily. "A Conversation with Aliza Shvarts." October, no. 176 (2021): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00428.
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Abstract Aliza Shvarts first came to widespread attention when her Untitled [Senior Thesis] (2008), consisting of a yearlong performance of self-induced miscarriages, was declared a “fiction” by Yale University and censored from public exhibition. That controversial work was on view for the first time in New York as part of her 2020 exhibition Purported at Art in General. It frames the areas of inquiry she has continued to explore: how the body means and matters and how the subject consents and dissents. In this in-depth conversation, Emily Apter and Aliza Shvarts discuss the exhibition and a wide range of topics relevant to contemporary feminist practice and thought: the genealogy of citation; the uses of theory; speech action; rape kits; nonconsensual collaboration; queer kinship; and memes.
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Mohameed, Muneba Khalaf. "A Feminist and Psychoanalytical Analysis of Flannery O’Connor “Good Country People”." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 29, no. 8, 1 (August 10, 2022): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.8.1.2022.25.
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Flannery O’Connor is one of the greatest American writers during the twentieth century whose writings have been analyzed as criticism for the emptiness in the American society. She dissents the new attitudes towards rejecting religion and resorts to her literature to bridge the chasm that was highly expanded with the prevalence of Darwinian nihilism between religion and the individuals. However, critics assume that the complexity in O’Connor’s works transcend the theological limits; thus, they have started to analyze her literary production from new perspectives. This paper provides a close feminist and psychoanalytical reading for “Good Country People” to highlight the acts of repressing women in patriarchal society , applying a psychoanalytical approach to examine Hulga’s psychological defenses to maintain the balance between herself and the society, in addition to dissect the spiritual transformation of Hulga by resorting to a clear analysis for the psychological and archetypal symbols in the text.
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Lincoln, Andrew. "Anna Barbauld and Charlotte Smith on War and Acquiescence." Eighteenth-Century Life 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-8718688.
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This essay considers works published by two women writers as Britain was preparing for hostilities against revolutionary France in 1793: a Fast Day sermon, Sins of Government, Sins of the Nation, published anonymously by Anna Barbauld, Charlotte Smith’s novel The Old Manor House, and her blank verse poem The Emigrants. It considers how these works, which condemn the guilt arising from war, expose the problem of necessary acquiescence in what is condemned. Taken together, the writings illuminate two sides of the problem. As a Dissenter, Barbauld belonged to a social group that, during the early years of the French revolution, had reason to feel especially vulnerable to the threat of civil disorder; she therefore had a particular incentive to see the horrors of war abroad in relation to the fear of social unrest at home. For Smith, who identified herself publicly with the landowning classes, and who desired socially appropriate positions for her children, such horrors had to be set against the material opportunities made available by war. In both cases the representation of sympathy for the victims of war provides a way out of the moral impasse they encounter.
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Trigg, Christopher. "Thomas Prince’s Travels and the Invention of Britain." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 21, no. 4 (September 2023): 507–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2023.a912120.
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ABSTRACT: From 1709 to 1711, Thomas Prince (1687–1758), recent Harvard graduate and future minister of Boston’s Old South Church, traveled between Boston, Barbados, and London. His travel journal (now in the collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society) excerpted passages from English poetry and popular song from the previous five decades. By transcribing the works of a politically and religiously diverse range of authors (Whig and Tory, Nonconformist and Anglican), Prince made the case for a tolerant, patriotic, and cosmopolitan Britishness. In late February and early March 1710, while Prince was in London, Anglican minister Henry Sacheverell was impeached by Parliament for preaching a sermon questioning Nonconformists’ loyalty. During his trial, anti-Dissenter rioting broke out in London and spread across England and Wales. As Prince transcribed poems for and against Sacheverell, he bemoaned the factional contention that was undermining British unity. In the middle of the nineteenth century, Chandler Robbins Gilman and Chandler Robbins, both great-grandnephews of Prince, incorporated brief excerpts from his travel journal in fictional tales and sketches. Gilman and Robbins used these fragments to symbolize the cultural continuity between England, New England, and the United States, overlooking the contingency and fragility of British identity in Prince’s account.
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Alenezi, Numan. "‘The City of Abraham’s Children’: The Religious Communities of Damascus in the Late 7th A.H./13th A.D. Century." Collectanea Christiana Orientalia 19 (October 17, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/cco.v19i.15252.
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This article discusses the relationships between the three Abrahamic faith communities (Jews, Christians and Muslims) of Damascus during the late 7th A.H./13th A.D. century, employing a textual research study, through the collation and critical review of a range of reference sources; historical and contemporaneous observations, personal narratives and accounts. Preliminary research results attest to a generally congenial co-existence between the religious groups that was occasionally disrupted by inter-communal clashes. Later disturbances occurred between Christians and Muslims communities as a consequence of the Mongol invasion of the city and the later Christian Crusaders. The Abrahamic theological commonality largely tied the three monotheistic religious traditions together in a loose triumvirate social coalition. Despite Muslim political dominance being firmly established, the jizyā was not enforced as an obligation on non-Muslims during the Caliphate period. Muslim hegemony remained throughout a number of inter-religious dissents and intrigues due to a measurable success in Muslim politico-economic policies. These political manoeuvres appear to be significant factors in a religious tri-existence in which each community largely supported the status quo. This study then, explores some of the historical events and activities that contributed to this particular period in Damascus’ history.
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Lee, Kyungmi, and Su Hyun Kim. "Patients' and Nurses' Perceptions of What Constitutes Good Nursing Care: An Integrative Review." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 34, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 144–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/rtnp-d-19-00070.
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BackgroundDifferences between patients' and nurses' perceptions of good nursing might be one of the barriers to optimal nursing care that matches the preferences of patients. A better understanding of the attributes of Good Nursing Care across different settings, circumstances, and patient populations will provide an integrated idea about Good Nursing Care, which can contribute to nursing theory development and future research.PurposeThis study aimed to integrate the literature on patients' and nurses' perceptions of what constitutes Good Nursing Care and thereby identify the similarities and differences in patients' and nurses' perceptions of Good Nursing Care.MethodsA literature search of PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE was conducted for article published between January 2000 and June 2017. A total of 18 studies were identified and assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. The studies were analyzed and synthesized using Swanson's theory of caring as the theoretical framework.ResultsSome dissents and agreements were found between patients and nurses regarding the crucial attributes of Good Nursing Care. While “enabling,” such as providing information, coaching, and guidance, was more emphasized by patients, “being with” (being present at the bedside) was more emphasized by nurses. “Doing for,” especially expert performance and enhancing physical comfort, was the most frequently mentioned attribute of Good Nursing Care by both patients and nurses.Implications for PracticeTheoretical developments regarding Good Nursing Care—characterized by a balance between sufficient nursing knowledge and competent technical skills on one hand and patient empowerment based on trusting relationships on the other hand—would promote the provision of Good Nursing Care in clinical practice.
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Firstova, Maria Yu. "Artistic Embodiment of Unitarian Religious Principles in the Literary Works of Elizabeth Gaskell." Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология 14, no. 2 (2022): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2073-6681-2022-2-131-141.
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The paper deals with the origins and major principles of the Unitarian religion that began to spread in Great Britain in the 18th century. The author aims to reveal the impact of the ethics of this Non-conformist (Dissent) Christian religious thought on the literary works of Elizabeth Gaskell (1810–1865), whose family background was largely Unitarian. The study shows the way that ethical principles of the Unitarian doctrine influence the problem-theme facet of her novels, which is evident in the artistic interpretation of the idea of strengthening the role of women in the Victorian society, in the author’s new approach to the solution to ‘the fallen woman’ problem, based on the possibility to atone for the sin through the service to the good of people and maternal love. The article focuses on the artistic depiction of the evil nature of a lie, the ideas of pacifism, religious tolerance, social justice, and resolution of social problems on the basis of the Christian idea of mutual dependence of humans, as presented in the novels written by Gaskell. The characters of her works, being new for Victorian literature, are also developed on the moral principles of Unitarianism. They are a socially active young woman from the middle class whose efforts are aimed at the resolution of the social conflict and a church minister (a dissenter) suffering from religious or moral doubts. The latter circumstance determines the shift from the depiction of the external social conflict to the internal one, which results in the in-depth psychological insight into the character in Gaskell’s narration. Particular attention is also given to the artistic interpretation of the key Unitarian idea of moral development and perfection of humans and continuous social progress in the novels Ruth (1853), North and South (1855), Sylvia’s Lovers (1863).