Journal articles: 'Dissertations – Forest and wood science'

1

Schneider, Marc H. "Forest products and wood science." Forest Ecology and Management 36, no. 2-4 (September 1990): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(90)90035-a.

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Sugden, Andrew M. "Declining wood in disturbed forest." Science 362, no. 6416 (November 15, 2018): 789.5–790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.362.6416.789-e.

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Woodcock, D. W., G. Dos Santos, and C. Reynel. "WOOD CHARACTERISTICS OF AMAZON FOREST TYPES." IAWA Journal 21, no. 3 (2000): 277–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000248.

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The Tambopata region of the southern Peruvian Amazon supports a high diversity of both woody plants and forest types. Woods collected from low riverside vegetation, floodplain forest, clay-soil forest on an upper terrace, sandy-soil forest, and swamp forest provide an opportunity to test for significant differences in quantitative anatomical characters among forest types. Vessel-element length in floodplain-forest trees is significantly greater than in the other forest types. Specific gravity is lower in the two early-successional associations (low riverine forest and mature floodplain forest). Vessel diameter and density do not show significant differences among forest types and may be responding to overall climate controls. These two characters, however, show a pattern of variation within a transect extending back from the river along a gradient of increasing substrate and forest age; in addition, sites characterized by frequent flooding or presence of standing water lack vessels in the wider-diameter classes. The six characters analyzed show distributions that are, with the exception of wood specific gravity, significantly nonnormally distributed, a consideration that may be important in representing characteristics of assemblages of taxa. The degree of variability seen in some of the quantitative characters shows the importance of either basing analysis on adequate sample sizes or identifying robust indicators that can be used with small samples.

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Allan, Christie. "Non-Wood Forest Products 13. Resource Assessment of Non-Wood Forest Produce. Experience an Biometric Principles." Economic Botany 57, no. 4 (November 2003): 663–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2003)057[0663:dfabre]2.0.co;2.

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Clair, Bruno, Julien Ruelle, Jacques Beauchêne, Marie Françoise Prévost, and Meriem Fournier. "Tension Wood and Opposite Wood in 21 Tropical Rain Forest Species." IAWA Journal 27, no. 3 (2006): 329–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000158.

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Wood samples were taken from the upper and lower sides of 21 naturally tilted trees from 18 families of angiosperms in the tropical rain forest in French Guyana. The measurement of growth stresses ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood, and lower tensile stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Eight species had tension wood fibres with a distinct gelatinous layer (G-layer). The distribution of gelatinous fibres varied from species to species. One of the species, Casearia javitensis (Flacourtiaceae), showed a peculiar multilayered secondary wall in its reaction wood. Comparison between the stress level and the occurrence of the G-layer indicates that the G-layer is not a key factor in the production of high tensile stressed wood.

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Eriksson, Ljusk Ola, Ola Sallnäs, and Göran Ståhl. "Forest certification and Swedish wood supply." Forest Policy and Economics 9, no. 5 (January 2007): 452–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2005.11.001.

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Udayana, Cicik, Harry P. Andreassen, and Christina Skarpe. "Wood and non-wood forest products of Central Java, Indonesia." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 38, no. 8 (April 28, 2019): 715–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2019.1606720.

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Gril, J., and B. Thibaut. "Tree mechanics and wood mechanics: relating hygrothermal recovery of green wood to the maturation process." Annales des Sciences Forestières 51, no. 3 (1994): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19940311.

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Ruelle, Julien, Bruno Clair, Jacques Beauchêne, Marie Françoise Prévost, and Meriem Fournier. "Tension Wood and Oppositewood in 21 Tropical Rain Forest Species." IAWA Journal 27, no. 4 (2006): 341–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000159.

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The anatomy of tension wood and opposite wood was compared in 21 tropical rain forest trees from 21 species belonging to 18 families from French Guyana. Wood specimens were taken from the upper and lower sides of naturally tilted trees. Measurement of the growth stress level ensured that the two samples were taken from wood tissues in a different mechanical state: highly tensile-stressed wood on the upper side, called tension wood and normally tensile-stressed wood on the lower side, called opposite wood. Quantitative parameters relating to fibres and vessels were measured on transverse sections of both tension and opposite wood to check if certain criteria can easily discriminate the two kinds of wood. We observed a decrease in the frequency of vessels in the tension wood in all the trees studied. Other criteria concerning shape and surface area of the vessels, fibre diameter or cell wall thickness did not reveal any general trend. At the ultrastructural level, we observed that the microfibril angle in the tension wood sample was lower than in opposite wood in all the trees except one (Licania membranacea).

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Leyton-Brown, David. "Hewers of Wood: The Forest Products Sector." International Journal 42, no. 1 (1986): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40202430.

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Leyton-Brown, David. "Hewers of Wood: The Forest Products Sector." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 42, no. 1 (March 1987): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070208704200104.

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Baldwin, Richard F. "Forest Products Utilization Within a Circular Bioeconomy." Forest Products Journal 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/0015-7473.70.1.4.

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Abstract The advent of tall wood structures in North America is heightening a public awareness that forest products, designed for higher and better uses, will lead to enhanced environmental benefits within the Circular Bioeconomy. The application of these newer wood-based processing technologies and their resulting products, in place of completive products such as concrete, steel and other non-wood construction materials, will redefine and expand the advantages that wood has as a construction material. Further, the growing capability to use small logs, and diverse species, as raw material for the newer generation of forest products will magnify the carbon sequestration benefits from the working forest. A recipe of getting more benefits and improved utilization from the working forest is identified and described, while focusing on the means and methods of obtaining these benefits.

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Flores Hernandez, Ulises. "Analysis of forest wood supply chains for round-wood production restricted by technical constraints." Forest Systems 28, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): eSC01. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2019281-14102.

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Aim of the study: Integrated information tools models are fundamental for analyzing supply chains as regards pattern of consumption and production. These models are very useful for availability estimations of natural resources when social and environmental uncertainties need to be addressed, as it is the case for forest wood supply chains. This work presents an analysis of a forest wood supply chain focusing on forest operations to estimate the availability of round-wood volume restricted by technical constraints using a local case study in Mexico. The theoretical and technical potentials of woody biomass availability were reviewed considering an assessment of forest operations for round-wood production.Area of the study: municipality of Santa Maria del Rio S.L.P. inside the forested land of San Antonio in Mexico.Material and methods: Geographical, historical and socioeconomic data and field work were used to develop technical constraints as extraction limits. Felling and extraction operations were analyzed resulting in a production rate of 2.48 m3 per productive machine hour.Main results: The theoretically produced standing timber accounted to 21,132 m3. After simulating technical constraints, the technically feasible supply of round-wood accounted to 2, 113 m3. Furthermore, a biomass flow chart for tracing biomass along the system boundaries was developed.Research highlights: With the given results, it is possible to give recommendations and conclusions for the improvement of wood supply chains supported by time studies values, technical constraints on terrain slope, harvesting intensity and mechanization level.Keywords: Mexico; modeling; forest operations; sustainable forest management.

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Bunnell, Fred L., and Isabelle Houde. "Down wood and biodiversity — implications to forest practices." Environmental Reviews 18, NA (December 2010): 397–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a10-019.

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Many species require or use down wood (fine and coarse woody debris) as habitat. Where forestry has been practiced for several rotations large proportions of these species are considered threatened. Key attributes determining the suitability of down wood as habitat are decay stage, tree species, and size, specifically diameter. Both quantity and distribution of suitable down wood influence species’ presence and abundance. We present a simple framework describing use of down wood based on broad natural history features, derive predictions from the framework, then test these by review and summary of literature. Our focus is terrestrial vertebrates, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. Species other than vertebrates are addressed to ensure that metrics derived for vertebrates also are appropriate for other organisms. Basic metrics are the same, but appropriate values span a larger range among nonvertebrates. Current evidence suggests that the “extinction debt” apparent for nonvertebrates is approaching for vertebrates. Predictions derived from underlying natural history hold when tested. From that basis we derive broad guidelines for forest planning and practice, and suggest how regional target values can be derived.

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Conrad, Joseph L., and M. Chad Bolding. "Virginia's Woody Biomass Market: Opportunities and Implications." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 35, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/35.2.67.

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Abstract Recent interest in producing energy from woody biomass has raised questions about the coexistence of wood-to-energy markets and the traditional forest products industry in Virginia. This study examined recent trends in the forest products industry and the wood-to-energy market, as well as the potential for competition between the two industries. Results indicate that the forest products industry has struggled recently, whereas wood-to-energy markets have expanded. Current opinion varies as to whether or not the wood-to-energy market will negatively affect the forest products industry. At present, 75% of Virginia's pulpmills are located within 50 miles of a wood-to-energy facility, and all pulpmills are within 75 miles. Recent trends in pulpwood prices, fuel chip prices, and Virginia law indicate that competition for raw material is unlikely in the short term. However, this research indicates that in the longer term, depending on government policies and technological progress in conversion technologies, competition between forest industry and wood-to-energy companies is possible.

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Hyde, William F., and Lawrence S. Hamilton. "Loss of Forest and Fuel-wood Prices." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 1 (1988): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900028496.

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17

Ferguson, Ian. "Integrating Wood Production Within Sustainable Forest Management." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 24, no. 1 (May 11, 2007): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v24n01_02.

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NOSHIRO, Shuichi, and Mitsuo SUZUKI. "Forest reconstruction from fossil wood assemblages in prehistory." Quaternary Research (Daiyonki-Kenkyu) 27, no. 4 (1989): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4116/jaqua.27.313.

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19

Banin, Lindsay, Simon L. Lewis, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Timothy R. Baker, Carlos A. Quesada, Kuo-Jung Chao, David F. R. P. Burslem, et al. "Tropical forest wood production: a cross-continental comparison." Journal of Ecology 102, no. 4 (May 9, 2014): 1025–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12263.

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20

Krimi, Z., and S. Mehdid. "Identification of wood-decay fungi infecting various forest trees." EPPO Bulletin 31, no. 1 (March 2001): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2338.2001.tb00979.x.

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21

YRJALA, K. "Wood ash fertilization alters the forest humus Archaea community." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36, no. 1 (January 2004): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2003.09.003.

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22

Sebera, J. "Assessment of non-wood-producing functions of the forest as forest services to the public." Journal of Forest Science 50, No. 6 (January 11, 2012): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4626-jfs.

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One of the elementary conditions for a successful incorporation of forest ecosystems into the socio-economic system, which also enables to determine the effectiveness of expenditure on environment conservation, is to define their value with possible subsequent valuation. The issue closely relates to the actual assessment of forest services to the public with respect to the non-wood-<br />producing functions of the forest. A methodology was worked out for the assessment of forest services to the public with respect to the non-wood-producing functions of the forest, which makes it possible to characterize the influence of these forest services in time in the framework of the assessed forest ecosystems. The methodology was verified by a study of some forest ecosystems in the time period of 1993–2003.

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Dalir, P., R. Naghdi, and V. Gholami. "Modelling of forest road sediment in the northern forest of Iran (Lomir Watershed)." Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 3 (April 2, 2014): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/91/2013-jfs.

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Forest roads are the most important ways of access; nevertheless, they are the main source of sediment production. The delivered sediment by forest roads causes environmental problems and pollution of water resources. This study has been done to present a model for estimating the sediment yield of forest road using a multiple regression analysis on the Caspian southern coasts (north of Iran, Lomir watershed). For this purpose, 45 wood dams were created and their sediment volume (dependent variable) was measured. The following independent variables were estimated: road length, road width, road slope, vegetation cover, height of cut slope and road age. Then, a regression analysis was done using SPSS software to present a linear model. In the next step, the accuracy and capability of the presented model were considered and validated using the model for estimating the wood dam sediment. The results showed that road length and road width have significant effects in sediment generation. Also, the presented model can estimate the forest road sediment in northern Iran.  

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Martens, Kyle D., Daniel C. Donato, Joshua S. Halofsky, Warren D. Devine, and Teodora V. Minkova. "Linking instream wood recruitment to adjacent forest development in landscapes driven by stand-replacing disturbances: a conceptual model to inform riparian and stream management." Environmental Reviews 28, no. 4 (December 2020): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0035.

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Instream wood plays an important role in stream morphology and creation of fish habitat in conifer forests throughout the temperate zone. In some regions, such as the US Pacific Northwest, many streams currently have reduced amounts of instream wood due to past management activities (timber harvest, wood removal, etc.). These reductions exist against a backdrop of naturally dynamic amounts and distributions of instream wood, which likely fluctuate over time based in part on the stage of development (disturbance and succession) in adjacent riparian forests. Despite many studies on both forest development and instream wood accumulation, the linkages between these processes have not been fully described, particularly as they relate to stream restoration needs. In this paper, we combine literature on forest development, disturbance, and processes that drive instream wood recruitment to more explicitly connect the temporal dynamics of stream wood inputs with the dynamics of adjacent riparian forests. We use moist forests of the Pacific Northwest as an exemplary system, from which to draw broadly applicable patterns for landscapes influenced by stand-replacing disturbance regimes. This conceptual model highlights a U-shaped pattern of instream wood recruitment, in which instream wood is highest after a stand-replacing disturbance and during the old-growth stage, and lowest through the middle stages of forest development (currently the most abundant stages in many landscapes as a result of past forest management practices). This mid-successional period of scarce wood is likely exacerbated in streams with a history of wood removal. The U-shaped pattern suggests that, without higher-than-average levels of disturbance, many streams in landscapes dominated by mid-successional second-growth forests (∼30–80 yr old) will be deficient of instream wood until forest stands are over 200 years old. As such, the balance between the predominant riparian conservation strategy of passive restoration (e.g., unharvested riparian reserves) and the alternative of active restoration (e.g., wood additions and (or) riparian stand treatments) should be carefully considered, depending on management objectives, site context, and potential tradeoffs over time.

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Cown, DJ, AN Haslett, MO Kimberley, and DL McConchie. "The influence of wood quality on lumber drying distortion." Annales des Sciences Forestières 53, no. 6 (1996): 1177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19960611.

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Machado, Silvia Rodrigues, Roberto Antonio Rodella, Veronica Angyalossy, and Carmen Regina Marcati. "STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS IN ROOT AND STEM WOOD OF STYRAX (STYRACACEAE) FROM BRAZILIAN FOREST AND CERRADO." IAWA Journal 28, no. 2 (2007): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001632.

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The genus Styrax L. (Styracaceae) has a wide distribution in Brazil, occurring in diverse ecosystems. To get a better insight into the ecologieal adaptations ofwood strueture, we studied two speeies, S. camporum and S.jerrugineus from the cerrado, and three species, S. latifolium, S. martii and S. leprosus from the Atlantie forest. For each species, the wood of root and stern was analyzed separately and observations inc1uded qualitative as well as quantitative wood characteristics. The results show that there were significant anatomical differences between the forest and cerrado species as well as between the root and stern wood within single species. Quantitatively, the most informative features in the root wood that separated the forest from the cerrado species were diameter, length and number of vessels, length of fibres, and width and frequeney of rays. In the stern wood, length and frequency of vessels, length of fibres, and width and frequency of rays were the most informative features. In contrast to the forest species, which had larger vessel diameters in their stem wood, the cerrado species had larger vessel diameters in their root wood. The ca1culated vulnerability index indicates that all Styrax species have adaptations to mesic conditions. The cerrado species had the smallest index values, which could be related to the seasonally dry condition of this environment.

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Kim, Taek Joo, David N. Wear, John Coulston, and Ruhong Li. "Forest land use responses to wood product markets." Forest Policy and Economics 93 (August 2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2018.05.012.

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Alberdi, I., S. Bender, T. Riedel, V. Avitable, O. Boriaud, M. Bosela, A. Camia, et al. "Assessing forest availability for wood supply in Europe." Forest Policy and Economics 111 (February 2020): 102032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.102032.

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29

Benyon, Richard, Shane Haydon, Rob Vertessy, Tom Hatton, George Kuczera, Paul Feikema, and Patrick Lane. "Comment on Wood et al. 2008, 'Impacts of fire on forest age and runoff in mountain ash forests'." Functional Plant Biology 37, no. 12 (2010): 1187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp10141.

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Wood et al. (2008; FPB 35) concluded their measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) in Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. forest at Wallaby Creek, Victoria showed that ET differs only slightly between regrowth and oldgrowth, contrary to the findings of previous research. We assert that the conclusions of Wood et al. are invalid and argue that Wood et al. substantially overestimated annual transpiration and rainfall. Monthly whole-forest ET measured by Wood et al. using eddy covariance in a 296-year-old stand sum to ~700 mm year–1; consistent with rainfall of 721 mm year–1 recorded nearby by the Bureau of Meteorology. However, the Wood et al. conclusions were based on 1077 mm annual transpiration at this site, which appears to be estimated from a few months of heat pulse velocity measurements. Transpiration alone cannot be 54% higher than whole-forest ET because the latter includes transpiration, rainfall interception and evaporation from the forest floor. We believe Wood et al. made errors in scaling heat pulse velocities to whole-stand annual transpiration. Their rainfall of 1175 mm year–1 averages 62% higher than at three Bureau of Meteorology and Melbourne Water sites nearby. The paper also contains inaccuracies in reporting of the literature and numerous other errors.

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Pugliese, Stephanie, Trevor Jones, Michael D. Preston, Paul Hazlett, Honghi Tran, and Nathan Basiliko. "Wood ash as a forest soil amendment: The role of boiler and soil type on soil property response." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94, no. 5 (November 2014): 621–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss-2014-037.

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Pugliese, S., Jones, T., Preston, M. D., Hazlett, P., Tran, H. and Basiliko, N. 2014. Wood ash as a forest soil amendment: The role of boiler and soil type on soil property response. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 621–634. Wood ash is produced in large quantities in Canada as a by-product of the pulp and paper, sawmill, and bioenergy industries and it is anticipated that its disposal in landfills will not be a viable option. An alternative option may be to use it to amend forest soils. Wood ash is a complex mixture and its composition depends on several variables, including the combustion parameters of the boiler in which it is generated. We present an analysis of the amendment of two Canadian forest soils (a Brunisol from the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence and a Luvisol from the Carolinian forest regions of Ontario) with six different wood ashes collected from different biomass boilers through short-term controlled incubations. We show that following an 8-wk incubation period, amendment of the soils with wood ash led to small to moderate increases in soil pH, but had little effect on soil microbial activity and biomass. The concentration of important base cations such as calcium, magnesium and potassium as well as phosphorus generally increased in both soil types following amendment with different ash. This practice can return nutrients lost from forest ecosystems during harvesting; however, effects were found to be boiler-specific. Lastly, we show that four ash types led to small increases in cadmium in either soil; the concentration of all other measured heavy metals was not significantly increased following amendment, and in certain cases decreased, particularly with lead. The only potentially negative aspect encountered was elevated sodium, particularly with ash from one boiler, but unacceptable Na-absorptivity ratios were not exceeded. These results demonstrate that with proper characterization and selection of wood ash type and application rates, amendment of Canadian forest soils with wood ash may benefit forest ecosystems and is unlikely to disrupt the chemical and biological processes in soil environments.

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31

HILLRING, B. "World trade in forest products and wood fuel." Biomass and Bioenergy 30, no. 10 (October 2006): 815–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.04.002.

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Kolobov, A. N. "SIMULATION OF OPTIMAL FOREST PLANTING SCHEMES." Regional problems 24, no. 2-3 (2021): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2021-24-2-3-192-195.

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The author has carried out a comparative analysis of spruce stands productivity for different planting schemes based on imitation modeling. He shows that the process of the stand self-thinning depends both on the initial density of planting and on the trees relative position on the site, which ultimately determines the amount of a given diameter wood stock. It is determined the optimal forest planting schemes for spruce stands providing the maximum stock of small, medium and large wood.

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Snider, Anthony G., and Frederick W. Cubbage. "Economic Analyses of Wood Chip Mill Expansion in North Carolina: Implications for Nonindustrial Private Forest (NIPF) Management." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 30, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/30.2.102.

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Abstract Potential economic benefits of wood chip mills in North Carolina and likely forest management changes for nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners were analyzed. The net effects of wood chip mills provided a small net stumpage price increase (1.9%) benefit to forest landowners, had very small economic welfare effects on total economic returns to timber producers and consumers (>0.1%), and had a moderate impact on reducing aggregate site preparation costs (11.6%). Discounted cash-flow analyses indicated that wood chip markets would increase returns somewhat more for pine management than for hardwood management, but the much greater sawtimber prices, especially for pines, still would favor long rotations and pine management. These analyses indicate that markets provided by wood chip mills would tend to create more harvest of pulpwood as part of existing harvests or in new timber harvests of small stands, but would not be likely to encourage clearcutting of much more valuable sawtimber stands or large-scale changes in forest management practices.

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Muñoz-López, N. Z., A. R. Andrés-Hernández, H. Carrillo-Ruiz, and S. P. Rivas-Arancibia. "Coleoptera Associated with Decaying Wood in a Tropical Deciduous Forest." Neotropical Entomology 45, no. 4 (February 24, 2016): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13744-016-0367-0.

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35

Okuyama, T., H. Yamamoto, M. Yoshida, Y. Hattori, and RR Archer. "Growth stresses in tension wood: role of microfibrils and lignification." Annales des Sciences Forestières 51, no. 3 (1994): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19940308.

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36

Krzyszowska-Waitkus, Anna, George F. Vance, and Caroline M. Preston. "Influence of coarse wood and fine litter on forest organic matter composition." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 86, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s05-040.

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Forest soil organic matter (SOM) is affected by inputs from coarse wood (CW) and fine litter (FL, e.g., leaves, twigs, cones, and needles). The influence of these materials on forest SOM was studied in a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest in southeastern Wyoming. Organic materials in CW sites were significantly (P < 0.05) more acidic, but contained half the total N of FL sites. Forest floor materials and SOM C contents were significantly greater in CW samples. Lignin decomposition products (CuO analysis) accumulated primarily in organic horizons of both sites, with significantly higher (60–70%) contents in CW materials. Vanillyl compounds were the primary lignin products from both sites, with cinnamyl compounds also important in SOM from FL sites. Vanillic acid to vanillin ratios were significantly higher in mineral soils under CW. 13C-NMR spectra indicated CW materials were enriched in lignin, and that humic acids from both site types were very similar and unusually high in alkyl C. Fulvic acids were also high in O-alkyl and carboxyl C, particularly in the CW sites. Results suggest there are differences in forest C constituents and that removal of CW could possibly alter forest soil dynamics that would impact forest productivity and biodiversity. Key words: Forest, coarse wood, litter, carbon, soil organic matter, humic substances

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Dudek, Tomasz. "The Impacts of the Energy Potential of Forest Biomass on the Local Market: An Example of South-Eastern Poland." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 22, 2020): 4985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184985.

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Forest biomass is and will remain a primary source of renewable energy in many EU countries in the coming years. The aim of this study was to determine the energy potential of forest biomass on a regional scale with regard to the needs of its inhabitants in terms of electricity and heat consumption. The study was carried out in south-eastern Poland. Energy potential was calculated based on the determined wood mass and calorific value of wood. The current level of forest biomass acquisition satisfies 4.2% of the needs of the local market in terms of electricity and heat consumption. Taking into account high forest cover of the region (40%), the 60% annual increment of total harvesting, and obtaining biomass at the level of 30% of the total harvesting, waste wood from the forest can meet 58.1% of the needs of the local market in terms of electricity consumption and 14.4% of the need for thermal energy consumption. There is a certain niche in the fuel wood market that is currently unused, presenting the opportunity to develop this sector and generate additional jobs in local markets. However, the increase in obtained forest biomass must be in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.

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NONIC, Dragan, Mersudin AVDIBEGOVIC, Jelena NEDELJKOVIC, Nenad RANKOVIC, Viorel MARINESCU, and Florin IORAS. "Typology of Non-Wood Forest Products Based Enterprises in Serbia." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 42, no. 2 (December 2, 2014): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha4229725.

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In Serbia, as in other European countries, small and medium enterprises are recognized as a pillar of economic development. At the same time, a clear need for support to those enterprises and entrepreneurship, both in urban and rural areas, is emphasized in national strategic documents. In forestry, small and medium enterprises are of special importance for sector development. However, in Serbia, there is a lack of knowledge about them, and particularly about small and medium enterprises whose business is based on non-wood forest products. Bearing in mind the importance of these enterprises for development of private forestry sector and rural areas, research aiming to determine their characteristics and types is needed. Door-to-door survey was conducted with 91 representatives of non-wood forest products based small and medium enterprises in Central Serbia. Results of cluster analysis showed there were three types of non-wood forest products based small and medium enterprises, in regard to their characteristics. The same number of types was distinguished, in regard to business activities. Results of this research can be used for further detailed study on types of forest-based small and medium enterprises and as a basis for formulation of support measures and, thus, improvement of the entrepreneurship in non-wood forest products sector in Serbia.

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39

Callado, Cátia H., and Cecília G. Costa. "Wood Anatomy of Some Anaueria and Beilschmiedia Species (Lauraceae)." IAWA Journal 18, no. 3 (1997): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001488.

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The wood anatomy of the species Anaueria brasiliensis Kosterm., Beilschmiedia emarginata (Meissn.) Kosterm., B. rigida (Mez) Kosterm. and B. taubertiana (Schw. et Mez) Kosterm. (Lauraceae) is described. The taxonomy and ecology of these species, important components of the Amazonian forest or Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil, are discussed as related to wood anatomy. The main anatomical differences are: presence, type, arrangement and location of inorganic inclusions and secretory cells, and the arrangement of the axial parenchyma.

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Pace, José-Henrique Camargo, João-Vicente De Figueiredo Latorraca, Paulo-Ricardo Gherardi Hein, Alexandre Monteiro de Carvalho, Jonnys Paz Castro, and Carlos-Eduardo Silveira da Silva. "Wood species identification from Atlantic forest by near infrared spectroscopy." Forest Systems 28, no. 3 (October 8, 2019): e015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2019283-14558.

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Aim of study: Fast and reliable wood identification solutions are needed to combat the illegal trade in native woods. In this study, multivariate analysis was applied in near-infrared (NIR) spectra to identify wood of the Atlantic Forest species.Area of study: Planted forests located in the Vale Natural Reserve in the county of Sooretama (19 ° 01'09 "S 40 ° 05'51" W), Espírito Santo, Brazil.Material and methods: Three trees of 12 native species from homogeneous plantations. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression by discriminant function (PLS-DA) were performed on the woods spectral signatures.Main results: The PCA scores allowed to agroup some wood species from their spectra. The percentage of correct classifications generated by the PLS-DA model was 93.2%. In the independent validation, the PLS-DA model correctly classified 91.3% of the samples.Research highlights: The PLS-DA models were adequate to classify and identify the twelve native wood species based on the respective NIR spectra, showing good ability to classify independent native wood samples.Keywords: native woods; NIR spectra; principal components; partial least squares regression.

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41

Iida, Kiyoaki. "Agenda 2020 for America's Forest, Wood and Paper Industry." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 49, no. 9 (1995): 1299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.49.1299.

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Yadav, Raj Kumar, Ketan Mewada, Sweta Rajpurohit, and R. D. Kamboj. "Non-wood Forest Products Collection and their valuation in Chhotaudepur Forest Division of Gujarat State, India." Indian Forester 145, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36808/if/2019/v145i1/142732.

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Barajas-Morales, Josefina. "Wood Structural Differences between Trees of Two Tropical Forests in Mexico." IAWA Journal 6, no. 4 (1985): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000962.

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A comparison was made of the wood structure of trees from a tropical rainforest and a tropical deciduous forest. Qualitative as well as quantitative differences were found. In the species from the tropical deciduous forest the wood is darker, harder and inclusions like crystals and resin are more abundant than in the rainforest species. Species from the deciduous forest have generally shorter and narrower vessel elements, shorter fibres and rays, greater pore abundance, greater specific gravity, and greater vessel wall thickness than the species from the rainforest.

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Earl, Julia E., Elizabeth B. Harper, Daniel J. Hocking, Michael S. Osbourn, Tracy A. G. Rittenhouse, and Raymond D. Semlitsch. "Effects of timber harvest on small mammal captures in experimental forestry plots." Animal Biology 66, no. 3-4 (2016): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002511.

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To investigate effects of timber harvest on small mammals, we compared capture rates in experimental forestry arrays of uncut forest, partial cut forest, and clearcuts with high and low coarse downed wood in Missouri, USA. Past studies show that effects of timber harvest on small mammals depend on species and forest type. We used an information theoretic approach to compare the effects of timber harvest treatment and habitat characteristics on capture rates.Sorex longirostriscaptures were best predicted by timber harvest treatment.S. longirostrishad higher captures in the clearcut with low downed wood, intermediate numbers of captures in the partial cut and clearcut with high downed wood, and low captures in uncut forest. However, despite differences in captures between the clearcuts with high and low downed wood, we found no difference in habitat variables between the two clearcut types.Blarinaspp.,Microtus pinetorum, andPeromyscusspp. captures were best predicted by habitat variables rather than timber harvest treatment.Blarinaspp. captures were associated with lower leaf litter depth.Peromyscusspp. andM. pinetorumcaptures were associated with increased coarse downed wood, possibly due to their preference for nest building under logs. Some of these relationships differ from results in other areas of the United States, which may reflect differences in species-habitat relationships in different forest types or regions. Relationships between species and habitat variables will be useful in adjusting forestry practices to meet species management objectives.

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CAVALERI, MOLLY A., STEVEN F. OBERBAUER, and MICHAEL G. RYAN. "Wood CO2 efflux in a primary tropical rain forest." Global Change Biology 12, no. 12 (October 19, 2006): 2442–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01269.x.

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Castéra, P., G. Nepveu, F. Mahé, and G. Valentin. "A study on growth stresses, tension wood distribution and other related wood defects in poplar (Populus euramericana cv 1214): end splits, specific gravity and pulp yield." Annales des Sciences Forestières 51, no. 3 (1994): 301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19940309.

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Eggers, Jeannette, Anders Lindhagen, Torgny Lind, Tomas Lämås, and Karin Öhman. "Balancing landscape-level forest management between recreation and wood production." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 33 (June 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.04.016.

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Kobayashi, Noriyuki. "Focus on ASIA. II. Asian forest resources and wood industry with its wood consumption trend." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 49, no. 8 (1995): 1196–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.49.1196.

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49

Bosio, Fabio, Patrícia Soffiatti, and Maria Regina Torres Boeger. "Ecological Wood Anatomy of Miconia Sellowiana (Melastomataceae) in three vegetation types of paraná state, Brazil." IAWA Journal 31, no. 2 (2010): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000015.

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Miconia sellowiana (Melastomataceae), a widespread species occurring in Araucaria Forest, Montane Dense Forest and Upper Montane Forest (Paraná state, Brazil) has a highly variable foliar morphology. This study investigated whether the wood anatomy follows this pattern influenced by environmental conditions. Samples of six individuals per area were collected, fixed and prepared, according to standard techniques in wood anatomy. ANOVA indicated differences for length and diameter of vessel elements and fibres, fibre wall thickness, width of rays and ray frequency, especially regarding the population of the Upper Montane Forest. The secondary xylem from this vegetation is characterized by shorter vessel elements and fibres, thicker fibre walls and wider rays. These characteristics are associated to a certain degree of water stress imposed to the plants in the Upper Montane Forest, mainly due to the shallow neosol soils. The Araucaria Forest and the Montane Dense Forest have more similar environmental conditions, supported by the Cluster analysis. The Principal Components Analysis explained 98% of the total variance, where fibre and vessel element lengths showed a posi-tive correlation; however, this analysis did not allow the separation of three distinct groups. Although less pronounced, the wood anatomical differences corroborate the results obtained with foliar morphology, where leaves from the Upper Montane Forest presented the most xeric characteristics among the populations of Miconia sellowiana studied.

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Anderson, Robert L. "Changing Forests and Forest Management Policy in Relation to Dealing with Forest Diseases." Phytopathology® 93, no. 8 (August 2003): 1041–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.8.1041.

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The forest landscape of the United States has changed over time, as has public concern for the trees, water, and wildlife. Early in the history of the United States, forests were viewed as an encumbrance and an inexhaustible resource, used to meet the needs of a growing nation. Around 1900, it became clear that old approaches were not sustainable and forest pathology saw its beginning. Annual lumber production increased from 5.4 billion to 44.5 billion board feet. Forest pathologists were called upon to help manage forests for a variety of products, with a focus on decays of wood and wood products. Projection of timber famine stirred public concern, and a number of laws were enacted to deal with the issue. Pathologists were called upon to deal with many of the issues associated with intensive management, and new pests such as chestnut blight and white pine blister rust demanded attention. Then pathologists were called upon to help manage for multiple benefits, and the issues became more complex. Pests such as mistletoes, root diseases, rusts, nursery pests, and urban pests presented new challenges. Concepts such as landscape level assessments, ecosystem management, and multiple-use led to the management of forests to provide for a complex variety of needs. Management objectives vary across the landscape, and pathologists find themselves working with managers who want to maximize fiber production, those that manage areas set aside for special purposes, and all combinations in between. Issues such as acceptable levels of pests, nonnative invasive species, landowner values, visual and watershed quality, and best management practices must be considered in an ever-changing landscape.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dissertations – Forest and wood science'

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