Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dissolution des carbonates'
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Hänchen, Markus. "CO storage by aqueous mineral carbonation : olivine dissolution and precipitation of Mg-carbonates." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17459.
Full textBERGAMASCHI, VANDERLEI S. "Influencia de parametros de precipitacao nas caracteristicas fisicas e quimicas do carbonato de zirconio." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10884.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Mléneck, Vautravers Maryline. "Sédimentation et dissolution des carbonates biogéniques aux moyennes latitudes Nord et Sud : approche quantitative et relations avec les paléocirculations océaniques des derniers 150.000 ans." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10514.
Full textDesboeufs, Karine. "Processus de dissolution des aérosols atmosphériques au sein des gouttes d'eau nuageuses." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005175.
Full textGaulard, Coralie. "Influence de l'environnement sur l'altération de la matrice UO2 du combustible irradié en situation de stockage." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0019/document.
Full textWithin the framework of the geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel, research on the long term behavior of spent fuel is undertaken and in particular the study of mechanisms of UO2 oxidation and dissolution in water-saturated host rock. Under the law program on the sustainable management of radioactive materials and waste of June 28, 2006, France was chose as the reference solution the retreatment of spent fuel and disposal in deep geological repository of vitrified final waste. Nevertheless, studies on a direct disposal of spent fuel will continue for safety. The disposal concept provides for conditioning spent fuel in a steel container whose seal is guaranteed for a period specified in the order of 10,000 years. It is also reasonable to assume that the groundwater comes into contact with the fuel after the deterioration of container and lead to the UO2 matrix degradation and the release of radionuclides. The oxidation/dissolution of UO2 has been studied by means electrochemical methods coupled to XPS and ICP-MS measurements.A thermodynamic and bibliographic study of U(VI)/UO2(s) system allowed to show the effect of the physical and chemical conditions of the solution on the system, and to show the different mechanisms proposed to describe the oxidation and the dissolution of the uranium dioxide in different media (non-complexing, carbonate and clay). The study of the oxidation/dissolution of UO2 in acidic and non-complexing media (0.1 mol/L NaCF3SO3, pH = 3), where UO22+/UO2(s) predominates and the formation of precipitates is limited or even avoided, showed a mechanism with two electrochemical steps and a model characteristic of UO2 oxidation in acidic non-complexing media. Then, the study in neutral non-complexing media (0.05 mol/L NaCl, pH = 7.5) showed a mechanism with two electrochemical steps and one chemical step (EEC) in which both electrochemical steps are similar to those proposed in acidic media. Finally, a first approach of the UO2 oxidation/dissolution was carried out in carbonate media (0.05 mol/L NaCl + 2x10-3 mol/L NaHCO3, pH = 7.5) and in the presence of clay (MX80) in the solution. These studies have respectively shown the influence of carbonates and MX80 on the dissolution of uranium dioxide
Mazingue-Desailly, Vincent Philippe Guillaume. "Assessing the influence of diagenesis on reservoir quality: Happy Spraberry Field, Garza County, Texas." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/27.
Full textMiroud, Lakhdar. "Étude par traction lente de la corrosion sous contrainte des aciers au carbone en milieu alcalin : rôle des inhibiteurs passivants." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMPD371.
Full textDaly, P. J. "Dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372693.
Full textPereira, Nunes Joao Paulo. "Pore-scale modelling of carbonate dissolution." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/34683.
Full textGolfier, Fabrice. "Dissolution des roches carbonatées par injection d'acide." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634112.
Full textRanson, Simon David. "Modelling vadose diagenesis of holocene carbonate sands." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326765.
Full textContraires, Simon. "Effets hydrauliques d'une injection de CO2 en réservoir souterrain : Mise au point de méthodes géophysiques de surface permettant de suivre ces effets." Phd thesis, Institut de physique du globe de paris - IPGP, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00577680.
Full textBindley, Lucy Ann. "Calcium carbonate growth and dissolution to the nanoscale." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425538.
Full textPonnou-Delaffon, Vivien. "Fonctionnement de la Zone Critique en milieu agricole : cas du Bassin versant d'Auradé : variations hydrochimiques spatio-temporelles et bilans d'érosion." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0056.
Full textUnderstanding the hydrochemical functioning of the Critical Zone is a major issue of these decades, especially for water, nitrogen and carbon cycles interactions. The Montoussé agricultural catchment at Auradé (Gers, France) undergoes strong anthropic and climatic pressure on these cycles, and is one of the long-term perennial observatory of the OZCAR research infrastructure in charge of monitoring the Critical Zone in an agricultural context. This carbonate catchment suffers semi-arid-climate characterized by a strong evapotranspiration and high water flow conditions during spring, as confirmed by water isotopic data. The investigation of the temporal evolution of atmospheric rainfall and stream water discharge at long-term (15 and 30 years), middle-term (seasonal and annual) and short-term (nycthemeral land daily), and at a high frequency (10 minutes), revealed: (i) the origin of elements in the precipitations; (ii) the influence of increasing discharge and of flood frequency on the decrease of major element concentration; (iii) K and DOC, as indicators of soil organic matter erosion, favored by improved agricultural practices and increasing air temperature; (iv) calcite precipitation, nitrification, evapotranspiration and vegetation uptake processes. A spatial investigation of stream water chemical composition at the catchment scale, coupled with carbon and nitrogen isotopic signature, allowed to identify the origin of the elements and the hydrological and geochemical processes associated with weathering perturbations. Separation of stromflow hydrograph, discharge-concentration relationships and stables isotopes analyses (15N, 17O and 18O) highlighted the nitrate control by denitrification process, a preferential way of ion transfer by sub-surface water flow, whereas suspended particulate matter (SPM) was transported by runoff. The flood events contribution to total flux exportation represented 93% for SPM and 30- 47% for dissolved major elements. The major elements mass-balance (inputs-outputs) was dependent upon drainage. The net major elements exportation was close to the average of other catchments of the southwest of France, whereas SPM fluxes were close to those of Maghreb semi-arid catchments. Nitrogen fertilizer inputs contributed to soil acidification, have modified the natural carbonate dissolution and have increased the chemical weathering rate, inducing a 15% loss of consumed CO2 compared natural conditions. The soils from the Montoussé catchment are not currently in balance since mechanical erosion is two times stronger than chemical weathering. In the coming years, climate Change and agricultural practices will have strong implication for the carbon and nitrogen cycle dynamic. The Critical Zone observatories will thus have an essential role in the survey and the understanding of these perturbations in the next decades, as well as in supporting agricultural catchment management
Curran, Virginia 1977. "Thorium oxide dissolution kinetics for hydroxide and carbonate complexation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8687.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 64-66).
In order to better understand the behavior of thorium breeder reactor fuel in a repository environment, the behavior of thorium oxide was investigated. The kinetics of crystalline thorium oxide dissolution were studied under argon and argon/10% CO2 over a broad pH range in 0.1 M ionic strength NaC1O4 solution. Samples were analyzed for thorium concentration using ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and NAA. Data was fit to a first order kinetics model. The kinetic rate constant under pure argon was 0.0107 ± 0.00123 h-1 for pH 2-3. Under 10% CO2, the rate constant was 0.00511 ± 0.000863 h-1. No kinetics results could be discerned from the data at higher pH. Under argon, solubility at pH greater than 3 was at nm/L levels, three orders of magnitude lower than at pH 3 and below. Under 10% CO2, solubilities decreased from 10 [mu]mol/L at pH 2.06 to 80 nm/Lat pH 3. Thorium oxide powder remnants from each experiment were analysed using XRD, FflR, and BET surface area analysis. Surface area analysis showed a 15% increase in surface area at pH 10 and higher under argon, and a uniform surface area increase of 15 to 30% under 10% CO2. XRD and FfIR spectra showed that the thorium oxide was otherwise identical to the untreated standards.
by Virginia Curran.
S.M.
Eide, Kristian Engen. "CO2 Sequestration: The effect of carbonate dissolution on reservoir rock integrity." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for petroleumsteknologi og anvendt geofysikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18355.
Full textBhowmick, Subhamoy. "Arsenic and its speciation analysis in biological and environmental samples using ICP techniques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125307.
Full textL'arsènic (As) és un dels contaminants cancerígens més comuns en les aigües subterrànies de Bengala Occidental, Índia, així com d’altres regions. Els científics creuen que la contaminació en arsènic en l'aigua subterrània d'aquesta regió és deguda a la dissolució reductiva dels oxihidròxids de ferro i a l'oxidació de la matèria orgànica. No obstant, la nostra investigació mostra que una combinació de la dissolució mineral de carbonat i la reducció dels oxihidròxids de ferro en són la causa. Com a conseqüència la població d'aquesta regió estan exposats a nivells alts d'As. El nostre estudi mostra que la saliva és un bon biomarcador d'exposició a l’arsènic. A més, mitjançant la determinació de l’especiació d’As en saliva es pot comprendre la susceptibilitat individual a malalties relacionades amb aquest element. Finalment, proposem la utilització de montmorillonita dopada amb nanopartícules de ferro metàl·lic com un material eficaç per reduir els alts nivells d'As en l'aigua
Croizé, Delphine. "Mechanical and chemical compaction of carbonate sediments : An experimental study." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU020.
Full textUnderstanding compaction processes in sediments or rocks is important for instance for the characterisation of compaction in sedimentary basins or for sealing of active fault. The aims of the present study are firstly to separate and quantify the relative role of mechanical and chemical compaction in carbonate sediments. Secondly to better understand chemical compaction processes acting on sediments. The potential for porosity loss by mechanical compaction of platforms carbonate strata was investigated by carrying out K0 triaxial tests. Eleven samples cemented with low, Mg calcite and five dolomitized samples from the Marion plateau, offshore northeast Australia (ODP (ocean drilling program) Leg194) were uniaxially compacted at effective stresses up to 70 MPa. Early cementation of bioclastic carbonate samples created a stable cemented framework with a high degree of over, consolidation and low compressibility. Water saturation of the samples produces weakening of the mechanical strength and greater scatter in the correlation of P, wave velocity versus porosity. Most of the tested samples were already so strongly cemented at 30, 400 meters that further porosity loss during burial up to 4, 5 km depth must occur mainly by chemical rather than mechanical processes. To study chemical processes two other types of experiments were carried out. Pressure solution is the main chemical compaction mechanism affecting sediments during burial, therefore the rate of calcite deformation by pressure solution creep at a single contact was studied. The results enable the identification of the relative importance of pressure solution driven by normal load, and free surface dissolution driven by strain energy. Two different processes occur during pressure solution of calcite crystals at the grain scale. In one case, diffusion of the dissolved solid takes place in the pore fluid present along a rough interface between calcite and the indenter. In the second case, diffusion occurs through cracks that propagate from the contact toward the less stressed part of the crystal. Strain rates are higher for experiments in which crack propagation occurred. Overall it seems strain rates are not really stress dependent but rather dependent on whether crack propagation occurs or not. Eventually, both mechanical and chemical compaction processes were studied on aggregates of calcite and bioclastic carbonate sands. Experimental compaction showed that compaction of carbonates sands should be modelled as a function of both mechanical and chemical compaction also at relatively shallow depth and low temperature. In all cases, the nature of the fluid, the initial grain packing, and the grain size represent important control parameters of the final strain and the strain rates at a given stress. Samples saturated with non, reactive fluids, e. G. Air or decane, show less strain than samples saturated with reactive fluids at the same effective stress since the compaction was only mechanical. During the loading phase, chemical compaction occurs by pressure solution creep which is enhanced by the presence of cracks at the grain, to, grain contacts. This is also supported by the identification of compaction related microstructures in thin, sections. During creep tests, the samples compressibility is controlled by, in order of importance, grain size, stress, and water saturation. Low ultrasonic velocities are especially observed in samples saturated with reactive fluids. Dissolution and transport affecting the grain, to, grain contacts geometry and crack propagation are likely to be the reason for such velocity alteration. In conclusion, porosity loss in carbonate sediments is mostly due to chemical compaction and very little to mechanical compaction. Chemical compaction processes are pressure solution and pressure solution enhanced by subcritical crack growth. The predominance of one or the other mechanism is to be related to the fluid in presence and to the nature of the grains
Schweers, Rachel Marie. "In Situ Studies of Limestone Dissolution in a Coastal Submarine Spring." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1605125.
Full textLimestone dissolution in karst environments is likely due to geochemistry of the water, the actions of microbial communities, and the effect of water flow. We explored the rate of limestone dissolution and will examine here the microbial communities associated with the limestone. A conduit within the brackish cave, Double Keyhole Spring, on the coast of central west Florida was the site of the experiment. PVC pipes (5cm x 16cm) were filled with crushed limestone that was screened to a 1.9cm ? 2.54cm size range. There were three treatments (5 replicates each): Control - sealed autoclaved controls with limestone and conduit water; Low Flow ? sealed at one end, with a screen on the other so water contacts the limestone but cannot flow through; High Flow ? screen mesh at both ends to allow the flow of conduit water over the limestone in the tube. After 9 months, the samples were retrieved. The Controls showed a loss of 0.33% ? 0.10, Low Flow samples showed a loss of 1.63% ? 0.71, and High Flow samples lost 2.28% ?0.29. Other studies in freshwater conditions found an average mass loss of 2.25% over the same time period under conditions similar to the High Flow sample in this experiment. Q-PCR and LH-PCR were used to estimate microbial density and species richness. The microbial community growing on the limestone samples were found to be significantly different from sediment or water column samples in both diversity and richness. The conclusion of this study is that the archaeal community growing on the limestone is the main biological driver of limestone dissolution in Double Keyhole Spring.
Zubtsov, Sergey. "Etudes expérimentales de la déformation des roches carbonatées par dissolution cristallisation sous contrainte." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744993.
Full textCohen, Charles-Édouard. "Modélisation et simulation de la stimulation acide des puits carbonatés." Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000601/.
Full textMatrix acidizing of a well in a carbonated reservoir improves its productivity, especially when the well is damaged. This stimulation technique relies on an unstable process which creates, under specific conditions, empty channels called "wormholes". The objective of the operator is to use this instability to reconnect the well to the reservoir while minimizing the duration of the treatment and the volume of acid injected. The aim of the present thesis is to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of instability and to optimize the acid treatment. In the first part, we present a series of linear stability analysis of the dissolution front in a porous media. Results explain the role of dimensionless numbers in transitions between the different dissolution regimes and serve to predict these transitions. We also use simulations of core acidizing to study the wormhole density, the mechanism of wormhole competition and the effect of confinement induced by the core boundaries on dissolution patterns in 2D and 3D, in linear and radial geometries. Then, in the second part, we propose a large scale model to simulate full acid treatments, based on a dual porosity approach. An exemple of simulation of a full acid treatment illustrated the model. Finally, we link this acidizing simulator to a reservoir simulator and an inversion software in order to optimise the treatment parameters, as a function of the oil production
Jianning, Le. "Temperature and carbonate dissolution variability in the western equatorial Pacific during the late Quaternary." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239205.
Full textGudavalli, Ravi Krishna. "Effect of pH and temperature on the carbonate promoted dissolution of sodium meta-autunite." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/773.
Full textWiid, Ansuretha. "Exploratory study of single and multi-step dissolution-precipitation synthesis of carbonate containing hydrocalumite." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56125.
Full textDissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2016
Chemical Engineering
MEng
Unrestricted
Maduakor, Ekene Obioma. "Effects of carbon dioxide injection on the displacement of methane and carbonate dissolution in sandstone cores." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4164.
Full textDavis, Charles Stuart. "Core-shell nanoparticle models for in-situ SERS measurements of carbonate dissolution under environmentally realistic conditions." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/86355/.
Full textYang, Yang. "Removal Mechanisms of Protective Iron Carbonate Layer in Flowing Solutions." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339731278.
Full textAuffray, Baptiste. "Impact du stockage de CO₂ dans les systèmes réservoirs carbonatés : interactions et transport d'éléments traces, effets sur les propriétés réservoirs." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30034.
Full textOver the last decade, an international will to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere developed, in order to limit their atmospheric concentration. Thus, to deal with the large amounts of CO₂ produced by human activities, this gas is to be injected under supercritical state in the underground. Outside the CO₂ plume, this gas dissolves within brine and acidifies it. Two phenomena occurs then. They are the main subject of this work: (i) the fate of chemical species mobilized by mineral dissolution, and (ii) the evolution of flooding properties induced by mineral reactivity. To study those phenomena, experiments were carried out on the Lavoux and the Saint-Emilion carbonates. Those two natural samples were selected because their mineralogical composition ensures a high reactivity and limits the complexity of the geochemical system, as they contain neither clays nor organic matter. Two types of experiments were carried out. Competition between dissolution and sorption was studied in batch reactors, from conditions similar to those of the surface (20°C – 1 atm) to those of a storage site (40°C – 90 bar of CO₂), passing by intermediate pressures (30 and 60 bar). The parameters investigated are salinity, initial concentration of divalent cations, and the state of solid samples (powder, core). On the other hand, an experimental setting was developed during the thesis project. It allows the study of trace elements diffusion through a core in CO₂ geological storage conditions. The experimental results evidence the impact of dissolution on chemical species mobilization, competition between those species regarding sorption and consequences of this selectivity on transport and availability of those chemical species. The petrophysical study of reacted samples evidence a porosity increase and the homogenization of the porous network. The data resulting from the batch experiments are used as input data for simulations, in order to estimate sorption parameters of trace elements in the systems investigated. Thanks to those results, the monitoring of CO₂ geological storage sites is possible within several different geological formations, and allows to track both flux of chemical species and flooding properties evolution
Perez, Fernandez Andrea. "Etude expérimentale sur l'échange isotopique dans le système eau-roches carbonatées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30398.
Full textThe isotopic signatures of carbonate minerals have been applied to illuminate a plethora of natural geochemical processes. This thesis is aimed to assess the rates and or conditions at which such isotope signatures might be altered by fluid-mineral interaction through a series of systematic experimental studies performed with dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) magnesite (MgCO3) and calcite (Ca-CO3). Ca and Mg isotopic compositions were measured as a function of time during closed-system stoichiometric dolomite dissolution experiments at 50 to 126°C. Although identical to that of the original dolomite at low temperatures, at temperatures >120 °C, the calcium isotopic signature of fluid phase (delta(44/42)Ca fluid) became 0.6±0.1‰ higher than that of the dissolving dolomite over a 4-week period. In contrast, the delta(26/24)Mg fluid, remained equal to that of the dolo-mite both at low and high temperatures. This set of experiments evidences the two-way transfer of calcium in and out of the dolomite structure at elevated temperatures. The results suggest that the inhability of dolomite to precipitate at these conditions is due to the difficulty of Mg to be reincorporated in the dolomite structure. In a follow-up study, magnesite was dissolved at 25°C in the presence of fluids with distinct pH and CO2 pressures. The isotopic compositions of the fluid differed from that of the solid at near-to chemical equilibrium indicating the two-way transfer of magnesium into this mineral at ambient temperatures. A single fractionation mechanism cannot explain the distinct Mg isotope behaviors observed. Further work on carbon isotope exchanges in the calcite water system shows a slow by steady evolution of the carbon isotopic composition towards the accepted equilibrium fractionation factor over the course of nearly year-long experiments after the system had attained bulk chemical equilibrium. Carbon isotope reequilibration rates were found to be approximately four orders of magnitude slower than that of bulk calcite dissolution, suggesting that the rate limiting step to the carbon isotope reequilibration process is the transport of carbon into and out of the bulk mineral after it has exchanged on the surface. The results of this thesis suggest that the Mg, Ca and C isotopic signatures in carbonate minerals are not invariant over geological time-frames and can be readily altered by water-mineral interaction. Such results indicate that the preservation of carbonate mineral signatures require low permeability rock formations or some inhibitory mechanism limiting metal and carbon exchange
Saldi, Giuseppe. "Les cinétiques de dissolution et de précipitation de la magnésite aux conditions hydrothermales." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425552.
Full textPalmer, Denise D. "Late Holocene planktic foraminiferal assemblages from Orca Basin : effects of dissolution on faunal assemblages." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001693.
Full textStockmann, Gabrielle J. "Experimental study of basalt carbonatization." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1572/.
Full textThe increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere and the potential dangers this pose to the Earth through climate change, ocean acidification and sea-level rise has lead to a substantial number of projects attempting to find a safe and benign way to capture and store CO2 in geological formations, also referred to as the CCS (Carbon Capture Storage) technology. One of these CCS attempts is currently taking place in Iceland at the geothermal power plant Hellisheiði, located close to the capital Reykjavik (the CarbFix project). CO2 and other gasses (H2S, N2, H2, CH4) are waste products of the geothermal energy exploitation and the aim is with time to store all of this anthropogenic-made CO2 in the basaltic formations underlying Hellisheiði. The CO2 is dissolved in groundwater as it is pumped down to 350 meters depth and then injected into mixed horizons of basaltic glass and crystalline basalt. The basaltic rocks are characterized by high contents of divalent cations like Mg2+, Fe2+ and Ca2+ and relatively fast dissolution rates. The acidic CO2-loaded water will dissolve the basalt thereby releasing cations, which can react with the aqueous carbonate ions to form carbonate minerals (magnesite, siderite, calcite, ankerite and Ca-Mg-Fe solid solutions). The rate-limiting step of this carbon sequestration process is thought to be the dissolution of basaltic rocks, thus any effect that could potentially limit basalt dissolution would be detrimental to the overall CO2 sequestration process. My part of the CarbFix project has been to look at the effects the formation of calcium carbonate coatings would have on the dissolution of the primary phase, in this case basaltic glass and the clinopyroxene diopside, so there would be a glass phase to compare with the results of a mineral phase. Furthermore, a series of experiments were conducted where we tested the primary mineral structure's affect on calcite nucleation. This was done in order to test if different silicate structures would lead to different extent of calcite nucleation and growth. Finally, extensive series were conducted on the dissolution of basaltic glass in the presence of dead and live heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas reactans in order to determine the potential effect of bacteria on the carbon storage effort at the Hellisheiði site. The basaltic glass and diopside dissolution experiments were run at 25 and 70 ºC and pH 7-8 in mixed-flow reactors connected to solutions containing CaCl2±NaHCO3 with ionic strengths > 0. 03 mol/kg. Two sets of experimental series were run simultaneously, one series called the "precipitation" experiments in which the solution inside the reactor was supersaturated with respect to calcite, and the other series called the "control" experiments, where PHREEQC modeling foretold no major secondary mineral formation. By this, it was possible to compare dissolution rates of basaltic glass and diopside at 25 ºC with and without calcium carbonate and other secondary mineral formation in order to deduce the effect on their dissolution rates. Scanning electron microscope images showed substantial amounts of calcium carbonate had precipitated in the "precipitation" experiments, but in the case of basaltic glass the primary growth appeared as big, discrete cluster of calcite and aragonite with no growth on the glass itself. Opposed to this, several of the diopside crystals were extensively overgrown by calcite coatings and no aragonite was found. In neither cases did the presence of calcite/aragonite have an effect on the dissolution rates of basaltic glass and diopside when compared to the "control' dissolution rates. It appears the discontinuous cover of the carbonate allows the ions of the primary phases to continue to diffuse through the secondary layer unhindered. To further assess the effect of silicate surface on the nucleation of calcite, the dissolution rates of six selected silicate minerals and rocks were measured in mixed-flow reactors in solutions supersaturated with respect to calcite at 25 ºC and pH ~9. 1. The silicate phases were: Mg-rich olivine, enstatite, augite, labradorite, basaltic glass and peridotite. The results show different onset time of calcite nucleation and thus different extent of carbonate coverage with elapsed time depending on silicate phase. Within the same timeframe olivine, enstatite and peridotite (mainly composed of Mg-rich olivine) were the most covered by calcite precipitations, followed by augite, labradorite and finally basaltic glass. All calcite growth took place on the silicate surface including on the basaltic glass. Kinetics favor calcite nucleation growth on the orthorhombic minerals (enstatite and olivine) over the monoclinic and triclinic minerals. Least calcite was found on the glass, which has no ordered silicate structure. Heterotrophic bacteria, Pseudomonas reactans was extracted from one of the monitoring wells at Hellisheiði, and then separated, purified and cultured in the laboratory. Its optimal growth conditions were found to be 5-37 ºC and pH 7. 0-8. 2 on Brain Heart Broth nutrient. Being a common water- and soil bacteria it offered a good candidacy to test what could be expected of heterotrophic bacteria in general when storing CO2 in a natural aquifers like the one at the Hellisheiði site, in Iceland. Basaltic glass dissolution rates were measured at 25 ºC in newly developed Bacterial Mixed-Flow reactors (BMFR) in buffer solutions carrying 0. 1-0. 4 g/L of dead bacteria and 0. 9-19 g/L of live bacteria at 4 = pH =10. The results show that the presence had either no or a slightly rate-limiting effect. The overall conclusion is that neither the carbonate coatings nor the bacteria had major impact on the measured dissolution rates of the primary silicate phases, thus their effect are expected to be negligible on the CO2 sequestration process in basalt. Crystalline basalt might be faster covered by calcium carbonate, but also basaltic glass can act as a nucleation platform for calcite nucleation
Sanz, Escudé Esteban. "Brackish springs in coastal aquifers and the role of calcite dissolution by mixing waters." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6251.
Full textThese mechanisms have been studied for many years but some controversy still remains. It is clear that they are related to deep well developed karst systems. Under these conditions, groundwater flows in a turbulent mode through a network of interconnected conduits immersed in a porous matrix with slow Darcyan flow velocities. Surprisingly, different models to explain the functioning of the system, although based on different conceptual and methodological approaches lead to similar results. This sugests that a global study on the salinitzation mechanisms of brackish springs should be undertaken. Here, we first derive the equations governing turbulent flow for density-dependent fluids and describe different mechanisms of salinization of inland brackish springs, in order to compare with the spring discharge and concentration response for those mechanisms of salinization.
The insights gained in this analysis are applied to the study of S'Almadrava spring (Mallorca, Spain). This spring discharges up to 2 m3/s with salinities of 20 mS/cm at an elevation of 8 m.a.s.l. It generally displays an inverse relation between discharge rate and concentration (i.e., discharging higher salinity waters for low flow rates, and vice versa). A hypothetical but geologically feasible dual permeability model is proposed to reproduce observed salinity variations for both the dry and wet seasons but also to explain the secondary salinity peaks observed after every rainfall event. Model results agree with observations, but the lack of geological information at depth impedes model validation. Therefore, a second validation of the conceptual model is undertaken based on high-frequency geochemical observations. Due to the highly dynamic conditions of the system, the geochemical data was analyzed using fully coupled reactive transport modelling. The interpretation of geochemical data not only helps on validating conceptual models but also yields information on the water-rock interaction processes occurring at deep carbonate systems. In fact, one of the processes initially proposed to explain the occurrence of well-developed karst systems at depth, is the enlargement of tectonic fissures by carbonate dissolution due to the mixing of fresh and seawater.
The theory of dissolution by mixing waters is based on the fact that when two solutions are mixed, concentrations in the mixture are volume weighted averages of the two end-members, but the thermodynamic activities of the species controlling the water-mineral reactions are non linear functions of the mixing ratio. Therefore, two end-member solutions in equilibrium with a solid phase could lead to an undersaturated mixture depending on several factors, most notably CO2 content and ionic strength. Observation of mixing and carbonate dissolution at depth has not been possible because of technical difficulties. More accessible to observation is the seawater mixing zone in coastal aquifers where calcite undersaturation and/or calcite dissolution have been reported numerous times. Yet, dissolution in coastal environments is not always clear and oversaturation or lack of dissolution in mixing zones have also been described. This apparent inconsistency on field observations around the world prompted the studies of the second part of the thesis. Flow-through laboratory experiments were performed in CO2-controlled atmosphere in order to quantify the dependence of the dissolution of calcite with the mixing ratio, and the role that CO2 variations may have on enhancing the dissolution capacity of the mixture. Results show that, although dissolution occurs, the major carbonate dissolution in aquifers must be considered only in a geological time scale. Sanford and Konikow (1989) predicted the location and magnitude of long term porosity development of coastal aquifers, based on a two step method. We compare their results with a reactive transport model approach in 1D and 2D, showing that reactive transport is required to properly understand the phenomenon because it is found that dissolution is controlled not only by geochemical factors but also by the rate at which fresh and salt water mix (i.e., by dispersion).
GALINDO, Katia Botelho Torres. "Comportamento hidro-mecânico de rochas carbonáticas sintéticas submetidas à injeção de um fluido reativo." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18867.
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A injeção e a extração de fluidos em reservatórios de petróleo pode causar dissolução dos minerais existentes nas rochas, alterações de pressão, temperatura e saturação que afetam o estado de tensão, resultando em deformações na rocha reservatório, bem como alterações da permeabilidade e porosidade do meio poroso. Neste contexto, os mecanismos físicos e químicos na interação rocha-fluido afetam o comportamento mecânico da rocha, diminuindo sua resistência mecânica quando submetidas às diferentes condições de carregamento, podendo assim levar ao enfraquecimento pela perda de rigidez ou resistência mecânica. Desta forma, esta pesquisa tem como o objetivo estudar as tensões e deformações de uma rocha carbonática sintética durante a dissolução dos minerais usando ensaios edométricos, a fim de representar e entender o comportamento geomecânico e geoquímico de rochas carbonáticas durante a dissolução dos minerais. Com esta finalidade, foram realizados ensaios de dissolução com uma rocha carbonática sintética usando de uma célula edométrica modificada, permitindo assim o fluxo controlado de uma solução ácida através da amostra. Os ensaios de dissolução foram realizados em duas etapas: dissolução parcial e dissolução total. A partir dos resultados dos ensaios de dissolução dos minerais observou-se que a tensão horizontal aumenta linearmente, sendo observado também uma deformação volumétrica de 3,9% e 11,51% para a dissolução parcial e total respectivamente. Por meio dos ensaios de resistência a compressão simples foi possível verificar que a resistência da amostra sintética foi de 3530 kPa antes do processo de dissolução. Após a dissolução dos minerais houve uma diminuição da resistência em 22% e o aumento da porosidade em 46,4% da rocha, fato este que pode provocar a compactação induzida quimicamente do reservatório quando submetido à injeção de fluidos que possam interagir quimicamente com o meio poroso.
The injection and extraction fluid oil reservoir can cause the mineral dissolution, changes in pressure, temperature and saturation that affect the stress state, resulting in reservoir rock strain, as well as changes in the permeability and porosity of the porous medium. In this context, the physical and chemical mechanisms in the rock-fluid interaction affects the mechanical behavior of the rock, reducing its strength when subjected to different load conditions and can thus leads to a weakening for the loss of stiffness and mechanical strength. Thus, the main objective of this research is to study the stresses and strains of a synthetic carbonate rock during the dissolution of minerals from oedometer tests in order to represent and understand the geomechanical and geochemical behavior of the rock during the dissolution of minerals. For this purpose, dissolution tests were performed using a synthetic carbonate rock by a modified oedometer cell, allowing a controlled flow of acidic solution through the pores of the sample. The dissolution tests were carried out in two steps: total dissolution and partial dissolution. From the results of the mineral dissolution test it was observed that the horizontal stress increases linearly, also observed a volumetric strain at 3.9% and 11.51% for the total and partial dissolution, respectively. Regarding the results of the mineral dissolution test it was observed that the horizontal stress increases linearly and the volumetric strain data were 3.9% and 11.51% for the total and partial dissolution, respectively. Through the unconfined compression tests it can be seen that the strength of the synthetic sample reaches a value of 3530 kPa before the dissolution process. On the other hand, after the mineral dissolution there was a decrease in resistance by 22% and a increased to 46.4% of the porosity rock. Thus, this fact can lead to chemically induced compression of the reservoir, when submitted to fluid injection thar can chemically interact with the porous medium.
Fajardo, Nino De Rivera Vanessa. "Localized CO2 Corrosion in the Presence of Organic Acids." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1300466494.
Full textBattaglin, Beatriz Bidoli Fernandes. "Dissolução do carbonato na Bacia de Santos durante o último ciclo glacial (150 mil anos): registros micropaleontológicos, geoquímicos e sedimentares." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21136/tde-21012019-103932/.
Full textThe calcium carbonate dissolution is linked to ocean circulation and climate change. Through this study it was possible to identify, during last glacial cycle (150 kyrs), three dissolution events occurring in the Santos Basin, during MIS 5d, 5b and 4. For this, micropaleontological, geochemical and sedimentary proxies were used. Through these proxies it was possible to infer which processes are associated with the carbonate dissolution during this period. The micropaleontological proxies of area density (ρA), dissolution resistent species (ERD and BDI) and fragmentation index (IF), were able to identify the beginning of the dissolution events, while the proxies of grain size variation, calcium carbonate content in different size fractions, benthic/planktonic ratio (B/P) and size normalized weight (SBW) were related with the dissolution peak. The proxies based in cocoliths (CEX\'), Broecker/Clark Index and Chiu/Broecker Index presented inconclusive results. It was observed that during the three dissolution events there was an increase in the contribution of the water mass of southern origin (more corrosive to the carbonate) in the region, indicated from the variation of δ13C in benthic foraminifera. This increase also coincided with the increase in the contribution of non-carbonate sediment (continental input indicator -IAC, Fe/Ca and Ti/Ca). The paleoproductivity proxies (based in cocoliths - PP, RN, and G. bulloides/G. ruber ratio) did not indicate an increase in primary productivity during dissolution events, therefore productivity was not considered as one of the processes that led to dissolution in this study. The depths at which these sediment cores are found (∼2000 m) also eliminate the possibility that the dissolution occurred as a function of the variation of the position of the lysocline, even if considering that it was ∼1000 m shallower during the last glacial period. In this way, we believe that the dissolution events are related to an increased southern-sourced water mass more corrosive to the carbonate during MIS 5d, 5b and 4, which implies the reorganization of the water masses in the region and a reduction in the strength of AMOC during these periods.
Hupfer, Sarah [Verfasser], Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Weller, and S. [Akademischer Betreuer] Kruschwitz. "Spectral induced polarisation for an enhanced pore-space characterisation and analysis of dissolution processes of carbonate rocks / Sarah Hupfer ; Andreas Weller, S. Kruschwitz." Clausthal-Zellerfeld : TU Clausthal, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1231362642/34.
Full textRaveloson, Joharivola. "Influence de la variabilité spatiale des paramètres thermodynamiques et de cinétique chimique sur la précipitation des minéraux carbonatés en milieu poreux (stockage minéral du CO2)." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0746/document.
Full textThe present work is based on the study of water-rock interactions in the case of CO2 storage in geological media. Particular attention is devoted to heterogeneities at different observation scales geochemical phenomena. These heterogeneities can be observed at different scales: the grain (mineral crystallinity present defects and impurities), and the centimeter scale / multi- decametric (rocks are heterogeneous at different scales). In particular, the thermodynamic parameters logK and chemical kinetics kS (in this work we considered the product of the rate constant k by the specific surface area S is kS as "chemical kinetics parameter") are known from laboratory experiments to a few centimeters in size, while we are interested in mineralogical reactions across tanks.We propose to evaluate the geostatistical characteristics of the local variability after reaction through simulations of reactive transport on a small scale in which various parameters (logK and kS) are perturbed with a first spatial variability imposed. A combination of both approaches is discussed: deterministic and geostatistical for the study of geochemical problems at different scales. The reactive transport code - COORES (IFP - EN and Ecole nationale supérieure des mines de Saint -Etienne) was used for deterministic simulations and the geochemical system studied concerns the dissolution of diopside with precipitation of secondary minerals such as calcite and magnesite.After analysis by the method of design of experiments, the results show that high spatial correlation variance combined with high dispersion of minerals promotes a high reactivity when minerals chemically disturbing is the kinetic parameter kS. In addition, a high velocity injection accelerates the dissolution of the mineral studied. However, the effect of spatial variability of the thermodynamic parameter, did not significantly affect the results, the system behaves as in the homogeneous case. From the standpoint of homogenizing the parameter kS, include the influence of the history of dissolution
Booth, Bryan Charles. "An Investigation of the Effects of Chemical and Physical Weathering on Submerged Karst Surfaces." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5904.
Full textESTRADA, MALDONADO C. FABIOLA. "Contribution a l'etude du systeme ca-mg-co#2-h#2o : dissolution de la calcite et de la dolomite dans l'eau de mer et dans des solutions de nacl de 0 a 300c." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30223.
Full textCodevilla, Cristiane Franco. "Desenvolvimento e validação de metodologia analítica, ensaio de dissolução e estudo de estabilidade do carbonato de lodenafila." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71350.
Full textLodenafil carbonate is a PDE5 inhibitor developed in Brazil, which is a dimer formed by two lodenafil molecules linked by a carbonate bridge. It is currently available in tablets. There is no monograph available for this drug in any official code. Thus, the purpose of the present study was the development of analytical methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of LC in tablets, evaluation of drug stability in forced degradation, comprising the determination of photodegradation kinetic, identification and in vitro cytotoxicity study of two major degradation products and develop a dissolution test based on in vivo data. The characterization of the reference chemical substance was performed by: melting range by differencial scanning calorimetry, infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry methods, as well as the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The methods by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), UV spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) were used to identify the drug in pharmaceutical formulations. The following methods, applied to the assay of the drug in tablets were developed and validated: a stability-indicating HPLC method, UV spectrophotometry and CE. All of them met the criteria described by the validation guidelines and showed no significant statistically difference in the drug determination. The photodegradation kinetics of lodenafil carbonate showed firstorder kinetics. Two degradation products found by photodegradation were identified by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLCMS/ MS) as 4-ethoxy-3-(1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-6,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo [4,3- d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-benzenesulfonic acid and 4-ethoxy-3-(1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-6,7- dihydro-1H-pyrazolo [4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl) benzenesulfinic acid. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that the lodenafil carbonate degraded sample did not show toxicity. A dissolution test was developed and validated using 900 mL of 0.1 M HCl + 1.5% sodium lauryl sulfate (w/v), at 37 ± 0.5 °C as dissolution medium, paddle at 25 rpm and quantitation by UV spectrophotometry. The dissolution profile showed first order kinetics. According to the obtained results, all proposed methods can be used in the quality control of lodenafil carbonate.
Laveuf, Cédric. "Les terres rares et le zinc comme traceurs des processus pédogénétiques : application à une séquence de sols issue de calcaires minéralisés." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452682.
Full textHauck, Judith [Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Wolf-Gladrow, and Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider. "Processes in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle: Dissolution of carbonate sediments and inter-annual variability of carbon fluxes / Judith Hauck. Gutachter: Dieter Wolf-Gladrow ; Birgit Schneider. Betreuer: Dieter Wolf-Gladrow." Bremen : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1071993844/34.
Full textStockmann, Gabrielle J. "Étude expérimentale de la carbonatation du basalte." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712597.
Full textNoiriel, Catherine. "Contribution à la détermination expérimentale et à la modélisation des différents processus contrôlant l'évolution géochimique, structurale et hydrodynamique des roches fissurées carbonatées." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012048.
Full textGREENBERG, JANET LISA. "HIGH TEMPERATURE KINETICS OF PRECIPITATION AND DISSOLUTION OF FERROUS-CARBONATE." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/13221.
Full textChang, Hsing-Yue, and 張星悅. "Evolution of Porosity and Hydraulic Conductivity Induced by Dissolution in Carbonate Rocks." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7ktajs.
Full text國立中央大學
應用地質研究所
96
While flowing through a porous medium, migration of solute causes mineral dissolution and precipitation, thus modifying porosity and hydraulic conductivity. This study investigates the evolution of porosity and hydraulic conductivity induced by dissolution of carbonate rocks. Batch experiments were carried out to understand the dissolution rates of CaCO3. Column experiments with constant flow rate were subsequently executed to investigate the evolution of porosity and hydraulic conductivity affected dissolution in carbonate rocks. Evolution of porosity and hydraulic conductivity induced by dissolution under different conditions of flow rates, HCl concentration and particles size were examined. Results show that higher HCl concentrations cause a faster CaCO3 dissolution of the porous medium in batch experiment. Moreover, higher HCl concentrations and larger flow rates cause faster increments in porosity and permeability. The size of CaCO3 particle has insignificant influences on the evolution of porosity and permeability. Additionaly, re-crystallized CaCO3 particles were found in SEM.
Chen, Yi-chun, and 陳宜君. "Effect on Porosity and Hydraulic Conductivity Induced by Dissolution in unconsolidated Carbonate Rock." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43505303809782033768.
Full text輔英科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
100
A variety of physical and/or chemical reactions such as dissolution,precipitation, ion-exchange, complexation, adsorption and desorption take place inside the porous media, when groundwater containing various types of chemical substances flows through it. The dissolution and/or precipitation will change the aquifer structure and then impact on its porosity and hydraulic conductivity, and thereby cause a shift in its geohydrological conditions and transport phenomenon of chemical species. In this study, hydrochloric acid solution was used as the groundwater fluid, dynamic column tests were conducted to observe the shift in its porosity and hydraulic conductivity characteristics of unconsolidated carbonate layer. The calcium carbonate particles and glass beads were filled inside the column to simulate the unconsolidated carbonate rock. The whole objective of this study is to clarify the effect on hydraulic conductivity characteristics of unconsolidated carbonate layer resulted from dissolution of acidic solution eluted under different composition and hydrodynamic conditions. The results reveal that the hydraulic conductivity and porosity caused by dissolution reaction of acidic solution increased with increasing operation time. And change in hydraulic conductivity of fine particle(0.60mm~0.85mm) filling column sets is only about 4 %, and the K/K0 increasing trend under very low inlet H+ concentration is approximately same. From the results of ultrafine particles (0.30mm~0.35mm) filling column sets operated under same flowing rate, the diluted acidic solution (0.0028 M) had lager K/K0 increasing ratio than concentrated acidic solution (0.006 M) was found. It was supposed that the phenomenon was related to the production and removal of CO2 gas during the acidic solution flowing through column. And the same acidic solution with larger flowing rate had lager K/K0 increasing ratio. It was presumed that the renew rate of acidic solution on the surface of calcium carbonate particles played an important role.
Crockford, Peter W. "CO2 storage in a Devonian carbonate system, Fort Nelson British Columbia." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3848.
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Haddad, Geoffrey Allen. "Calcium carbonate dissolution patterns at intermediate water depths of the tropical oceans during the Quaternary." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16729.
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