Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dissolved and colloidal components

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Academic literature on the topic 'Dissolved and colloidal components'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Dissolved and colloidal components"

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Dreves, Alexander, Nils Andersen, Pieter M. Grootes, Marie-Josée Nadeau, and Carl-Dieter Garbe-Schönberg. "Colloidal matter in water extracts from forest soils." Environmental Chemistry 4, no. 6 (2007): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en07057.

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Environmental context. Little is known about the proportion of tiny dispersed particles and true solutions in soil water although the distinction has a major influence on transport processes of organic matter, fertiliser and pollutants in soils and thus, e.g., on carbon storage, and its role in global warming. Our study has found a noticeable amount of tiny particles (range 17 nm to 1.0 μm) in filtered soil water, that have a different chemical composition and a lower bioavailability of their organic components in comparison to the soluble part. This significant occurrence and the ecological relevance of colloids for the transport and storage of soil constituents highlights the need to partition soil water content into ‘particulate’ and ‘dissolved’ since the access to soil pores determines particle transport. Abstract. Water-extracted organic matter (WEOM) is widely used as a surrogate for natural organic matter in soil water in the investigation of soil carbon dynamics. Information about the dissolved or colloidal nature of the organic matter is scarce since dissolved organic matter (DOM) is simply operationally defined by filtration: ‘DOM is what passes through the filter’. Water extracts of two topsoil horizons from both a deciduous (Steinkreuz) and a coniferous (Rotthalmünster) forest, located in Bavaria (Germany), were filtered through a 1-μm quartz filter and analysed regarding the amount of colloids in the range ~17 nm to 1.0 μm, the chemical composition and the radiocarbon concentration of both the colloidal and the dissolved fraction separated by high-speed centrifugation. Up to 13.9 wt-% of the total charge of the water extracts belongs to the colloidal fraction. The colloidal fraction has a higher relative proportion of metals and older organic C than the dissolved fraction. This demonstrates the dual nature of WEOM and the need for a more careful definition of DOM.
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Pokrovsky, O. S., L. S. Shirokova, S. N. Kirpotin, S. Audry, J. Viers, and B. Dupré. "Effect of permafrost thawing on organic carbon and trace element colloidal speciation in the thermokarst lakes of western Siberia." Biogeosciences 8, no. 3 (2011): 565–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-565-2011.

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Abstract. To examine the mechanisms of carbon mobilization and biodegradation during permafrost thawing and to establish a link between organic carbon (OC) and other chemical and microbiological parameters in forming thermokarst (thaw) lakes, we studied the biogeochemistry of OC and trace elements (TEs) in a chronosequence of small lakes that are being formed due to permafrost thawing in the northern part of western Siberia. Twenty lakes and small ponds of various sizes and ages were sampled for dissolved and colloidal organic carbon, metals and culturable heterotrophic bacterial cell number. We observed a sequence of ecosystems from peat thawing and palsa degradation due to permafrost subsidence in small ponds to large, km-size lakes that are subject to drainage to, finally, the khasyrey (drained lake) formation. There is a systematic evolution of both total dissolved and colloidal concentration of OC and TEs in the lake water along with the chronosequence of lake development that may be directly linked to the microbial mineralization of dissolved organic matter and the liberation of the inorganic components (Fe, Al, and TEs) from the organo-mineral colloids. In this chronosequence of lake development, we observed an apparent decrease in the relative proportion of low molecular weight <1 kDa (1 kDa ~ 1 nm) OC concentration along with a decrease in the concentration of total dissolved (<0.45 μm) OC. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in the small size organic ligands (probably autochthonous exometabolites produced by the phytoplankton) and a simultaneous decrease in the proportion of large-size organic (humic) complexes of allochthonous (soil) origin. This evolution may be due to the activity of heterotrophic bacterioplankton that use allochthonous organic matter and dissolved nutrients originating from peat lixiviation. Most insoluble TEs demonstrate a systematic decrease in concentration during filtration (5 μm, 0.45 μm) exhibiting a similar pattern among different samples. At the same time, there is an increase in the relative proportion of large size particles over the <1 kDa fraction for most insoluble elements along the chronosequence of lake evolution. TEs are likely to be bound to colloidal OC and coprecipitate with the mineral (Fe, Al) part of the colloids. Upon progressive consumption of dissolved OC by the heterotrophic bacteria, there is liberation of Fe, Al, and insoluble TEs in the water column that may be subjected to coagulation in the form of particles or large-size mineral colloids.
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Li, Yuan, Jie Liu, Yibiao Yu, Hao Zhu, Zheng Shen, and Yalei Zhang. "Particle Size Distribution Based Occurrence Features of Organic Components in Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Under a Treatment Process." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911804009.

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A more detailed occurrence features of organic matters in the printing and dyeing wastewater, based on its particle size distribution (PSD) and along with a wastewater treatment process, was conducted to provide a support for advanced treatment. Results suggested that, (1) In the dyeing wastewater, the occurrence characteristic of COD was: soluble>supra colloidal>colloidal>settleable; However, for protein, the supra colloidal was dominant, followed by the soluble. The feature of the polysaccharide was consistent with COD’s. In the wastewater, 29.66% of COD could be attributed to proteins and 3.45% of the COD could be attributed to polysaccharides. (2) The relationship among the forms of COD in the primary sedimentation tank, aerobic tank, secondary sedimentation tank, and reverse osmosis-treated concentrated effluent was consistent, that was: soluble>colloidal>supra colloidal>settleable. (3) In the primary sedimentation tank, the settleable COD was almost completely removed; In the aerobic tank, the residual super colloidal COD was not much; After MBR-RO treatment, the COD in the reverse osmosis concentrated water was almost dissolved and only a little presented in other forms.
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Tammelin, Tekla, Monika Österberg, and Ingvild A. Johnsen. "Adsorption of colloidal extractives and dissolved hemicelluloses on thermomechanical pulp fiber components studied by QCM-D." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 22, no. 1 (2007): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2007-22-01-p093-101.

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5

Pokrovsky, O. S., L. S. Shirokova, J. Viers, et al. "Fate of colloids during estuarine mixing in the Arctic." Ocean Science 10, no. 1 (2014): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-10-107-2014.

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Abstract. The estuarine behavior of organic carbon (OC) and trace elements (TE) was studied for the largest European sub-Arctic river, which is the Severnaya Dvina; this river has a deltaic estuary covered in ice during several hydrological seasons: summer (July 2010, 2012) and winter (March 2009) baseflow, and the November–December 2011 ice-free period. Colloidal forms of OC and TE were assessed for three pore size cutoffs (1, 10, and 50 kDa) using an in situ dialysis procedure. Conventionally dissolved (< 0.22 μm) fractions demonstrated clear conservative behavior for Li, B, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sr, Mo, Rb, Cs, and U during the mixing of freshwater with the White Sea; a significant (up to a factor of 10) concentration increase occurs with increases in salinity. Si and OC also displayed conservative behavior but with a pronounced decrease in concentration seawards. Rather conservative behavior, but with much smaller changes in concentration (variation within ±30%) over a full range of salinities, was observed for Ti, Ni, Cr, As, Co, Cu, Ga, Y, and heavy REE. Strong non-conservative behavior with coagulation/removal at low salinities (< 5‰) was exhibited by Fe, Al, Zr, Hf, and light REE. Finally, certain divalent metals exhibited non-conservative behavior with a concentration gain at low (~ 2–5‰, Ba, Mn) or intermediate (~ 10–15‰, Ba, Zn, Pb, Cd) salinities, which is most likely linked to TE desorption from suspended matter or sediment outflux. The most important result of this study is the elucidation of the behavior of the "truly" dissolved low molecular weight LMW< 1 kDa fraction containing Fe, OC, and a number of insoluble elements. The concentration of the LMW fraction either remains constant or increases its relative contribution to the overall dissolved (< 0.22 μm) pool as the salinity increases. Similarly, the relative proportion of colloidal (1 kDa–0.22 μm) pool for the OC and insoluble TE bound to ferric colloids systematically decreased seaward, with the largest decrease occurring at low (< 5‰) salinities. Overall, the observed decrease in the colloidal fraction may be related to the coagulation of organo-ferric colloids at the beginning of the mixing zone and therefore the replacement of the HMW1 kDa–0.22 μm portion by the LMW< 1 kDa fraction. These patterns are highly reproducible across different sampling seasons, suggesting significant enrichment of the mixing zone by the most labile (and potentially bioavailable) fraction of the OC, Fe and insoluble TE. The size fractionation of the colloidal material during estuarine mixing reflects a number of inorganic and biological processes, the relative contribution of which to element speciation varies depending on the hydrological stage and time of year. In particular, LMW< 1 kDa ligand production in the surface horizons of the mixing zone may be linked to heterotrophic mineralization of allochthonous DOM and/or photodestruction. Given the relatively low concentration of particulate versus dissolved load of most trace elements, desorption from the river suspended material was less pronounced than in other rivers in the world. As a result, the majority of dissolved components exhibited either conservative (OC and related elements such as divalent metals) or non-conservative, coagulation-controlled (Fe, Al, and insoluble TE associated with organo-ferric colloids) behavior. The climate warming at high latitudes is likely to intensify the production of LMW< 1 kDa organic ligands and the associated TE; therefore, the delivery of potentially bioavailable trace metal micronutrients from the land to the ocean may increase.
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Pokrovsky, O. S., L. S. Shirokova, J. Viers, et al. "Transformation of organic carbon, trace element, and organo-mineral colloids in the mixing zone of the largest European Arctic river." Ocean Science Discussions 10, no. 5 (2013): 1707–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-10-1707-2013.

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Abstract. The estuarine behavior of organic carbon (OC) and trace elements (TE) was studied for the largest European sub-Arctic river, which is the Severnaya Dvina; this river is a deltaic estuary covered in ice during several hydrological seasons: summer (July 2010, 2012) and winter (March 2009) baseflow, and the November–December 2011 ice-free period. Colloidal forms of OC and TE were assessed using three pore size cutoff (1, 10, and 50 kDa) using an in-situ dialysis procedure. Conventionally dissolved (< 0.22 μm) fractions demonstrated clear conservative behavior for Li, B, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sr, Mo, Rb, Cs, and U during the mixing of freshwater with the White Sea; a significant (up to a factor of 10) concentration increase occurs with increases in salinity. Si and OC also displayed conservative behavior but with a pronounced decrease of concentration seawards. Rather conservative behavior, but with much smaller changes in concentration (variation within ±30%) over a full range of salinities, was observed for Ti, Ni, Cr, As, Co, Cu, Ga, Y, and heavy REE. Strong non-conservative behavior with coagulation/removal at low salinities (< 5‰) was exhibited by Fe, Al, Zr, Hf, and light REE. Finally, certain divalent metals exhibited non-conservative behavior with a concentration gain at low (~2–5‰, Ba, Mn) or intermediate (~10–15‰, Ba, Zn, Pb, Cd) salinities, which is most likely linked to TE desorption from suspended matter or sediment outflux. The most important result of this study is the elucidation of the behavior of the "truly" dissolved low molecular weight LMW< 1 kDa fraction containing Fe, OC, and a number of insoluble elements. The concentration of the LMW fraction either remains constant or increases its relative contribution to the overall dissolved (< 0.22 μm) pool as the salinity increases. Similarly, the relative proportion of colloidal (1 kDa–0.22 μm) pool for the OC and insoluble TE bound to ferric colloids systematically decreased seaward, with the largest decrease occurring at low (< 5‰) salinities. Overall, the observed decrease of the colloidal fraction may be related to the coagulation of organo-ferric colloids at the beginning of the mixing zone and therefore the replacement of the HMW1 kDa–0.22 μm portion by the LMW< 1 kDa fraction. These patterns are highly reproducible across different sampling seasons, suggesting significant enrichment of the mixing zone by the most labile (and potentially bioavailable) fraction of the OC, Fe and insoluble TE. The size fractionation of the colloidal material during estuarine mixing reflects a number of inorganic and biological processes, the relative contribution of which to element speciation varies depending on the hydrological stage and time of year. In particular, LMW< 1 kDa ligand production in the surface horizons of the mixing zone may be linked to heterotrophic mineralization of allochthonous DOM and/or photodestruction. Given the relatively low concentration of particulate vs. dissolved load of most trace elements, desorption from the river suspended material was less pronounced than in other rivers in the world. As a result, the majority of dissolved components exhibited either a conservative (OC and related elements such as divalent metals) or non-conservative, coagulation-controlled (Fe, Al, and insoluble TE associated with organo-ferric colloids) behavior. The climate warming in high latitudes is likely to intensify the production of LMW< 1 kDa organic ligands and the associated TE; therefore, the delivery of potentially bioavailable trace metal micronutrients from the land to the ocean may increase.
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Neal, C. "Rare earth element concentrations in dissolved and acid available particulate forms for eastern UK rivers." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (2007): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-313-2007.

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Abstract. Variations in concentration of yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm) and gadolinium (Gd) among rivers of eastern England and the border with Scotland are described in relation to the dissolved (<0.45 µM) fraction and acid-available particulate (AAP) fractions. The rivers cover a range of rural, agricultural and urban/industrial environments. Yttrium and the lanthanides show significant levels of both dissolved and acid-available particulate forms (typically about 40% in the dissolved form). For the dissolved phase, Y and the lanthanides are linearly correlated with each other and with iron: most of this dissolved component may be in a micro-particulate/colloidal form. The Y and lanthanide relationships show marked scatter and there are anomalously high La concentrations at times for the rivers Great Ouse, Thames and Wear that are probably linked to pollutant sources. For the Ouse, and especially for one of its tributaries, the Swale, relatively high Sm concentrations are probably associated with mineralisation within the catchment and contamination of the associated flood plain. For the AAP components, there are strong linear relationships with Y and the lanthanides across all the rivers. There is also a strong link between these AAP associated REE and AAP iron, although the scatter is greater and the industrial rivers have a lower lanthanide to iron ratio, probably due to iron-rich contaminants.
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Leenheer, J. A. "Comprehensive assessment of precursors, diagenesis, and reactivity to water treatment of dissolved and colloidal organic matter." Water Supply 4, no. 4 (2004): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0054.

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A comprehensive isolation, fractionation, and characterization research approach was developed for dissolved and colloidal organic matter (DOM) in water, and it was applied to various surface- and groundwaters to assess DOM precursors, DOM diagenesis, and DOM reactivity to water treatment processes. Major precursors for natural DOM are amino sugars, condensed tannins, and terpenoids. Amino sugar colloids derived from bacterial cell walls are incompletely removed by drinking water treatment and foul reverse osmosis membranes, but are nearly quantitatively removed by soil/aquifer treatment. When chlorinated, amino sugars produce low yields of regulated disinfection by-products (DBPs) but they produce significant chlorine demand that is likely caused by chlorination of free amino groups. Condensed tannins are major precursors for ,blackwater- DOM such as that found in the Suwannee River. This DOM produces high yields of DBPs upon chorination, and is efficiently removed by coagulation/flocculation treatment. Terpenoid-derived DOM appears to be biologically refractory, infiltrates readily into groundwater with little removal by soil/aquifer treatment, gives low DBP-yields upon chlorination and is poorly removed by coagulation/flocculation treatments. Peptides derived from proteins are major components of the base DOM fraction (10% or less of the mass of DOM), and this fraction produces large yields of haloacetonitriles upon chorination.
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Muller, François L. L. "Interactions of copper, lead and cadmium with the dissolved, colloidal and particulate components of estuarine and coastal waters." Marine Chemistry 52, no. 3-4 (1996): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00097-6.

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Hwang, Byung-Gi, Kwan-Soo Jun, Young-Dae Lee, and Wu-Seng Lung. "Importance of DOC in sediments for contaminant transport modelling." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 11 (1998): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0467.

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Contaminants in the interstitial waters are not only dissolved but also associated with a filterable colloidal phase such as DOC. The DOC plays an important role regulating the distribution of chemicals between particulate and dissolved phases since it binds chemicals and makes them unavailable for vertical diffusive exchange. A three-phase partitioning model that consists of free-dissolved, DOC-bound, particulate-bound components of the chemicals involved is used for the contaminant transport model in order to include the effect of DOC on the partition coefficient. The contaminant model is linked to WASP modeling framework to predict remobilization of PCBs in sediments and the fate and transport of the contaminant in overlying waters of the New Bedford Harbor where the harbor has been contaminated with PCBs and heavy metals released from electronic capacitor manufacturers. Simulation of remedial controls indicates that if no action is taken, PCB concentrations will continue to be at elevated levels. Several scenarios for the removal of contaminated sediments have been performed to reduce the elevated PCB concentrations to background levels.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dissolved and colloidal components"

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Rice, Matthew. "New Techniques for Continuous Chemical Analysis in the Pulp&Paper Industry." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3131.

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Fitzsimmons, Jessica Nicole. "The marine biogeochemistry of dissolved and colloidal iron." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84914.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Chemical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Iron is a redox active trace metal micronutrient essential for primary production and nitrogen acquisition in the open ocean. Dissolved iron (dFe) has extremely low concentrations in marine waters that can drive phytoplankton to Fe limitation, effectively linking the Fe and carbon cycles. Understanding the marine biogeochemical cycling and composition of dFe was the focus of this thesis, with an emphasis on the role of the size partitioning of dFe (<0.2 jm) into soluble (sFe<0.02 jm) and colloidal (0.02ptm<cFe<0.2 m) size fractions. This was accomplished through the measurement of the dFe distribution and size partitioning along basin-scale transects experiencing a range of biogeochemical influences. dFe provenance was investigated in the tropical North Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans. In the North Atlantic, elevated dFe (>I nmol/kg) concentrations coincident with the oxygen minimum zone were determined to be caused by remineralization of a high Fe:C organic material (vertical flux), instead of a laterally advected low oxygen-high dFe plume from the African margin. In the South Pacific Ocean, dFe maxima near 2000m were determined by comparison with dissolved manganese and 3He to be caused by hydrothermal venting. The location of these stations hundreds to thousands of kilometers from the nearest vents confirms the "leaky vent" hypothesis that enough dFe escapes precipitation at the vent site to contribute significantly to abyssal dFe inventories. The size partitioning of dFe was also investigated in order to trace the role of dFe composition on its cycling. First, the two most commonly utilized methods of sFe filtration were compared: cross flow filtration (CFF) and Anopore filtration. Both were found to be robust sFe collection methods, and sFe filtrate through CFF (10 kDa) was found to be only 74±21% of the sFe through Anopore (0.02pjm) filters at 28 locations, a function of both pore size differences and the natural variability in distribution of 1 OkDa- 0.02 [m colloids. In the North Atlantic, a colloidal-dominated partitioning was observed in the surface ocean underlying the North African dust plume, in and downstream of the TAG hydrothermal system, and along the western Atlantic margin. However, cFe was depleted or absent at the deep chlorophyll maximum. A summary model of dFe size partitioning in the North Atlantic open ocean is presented in conclusion, hypothesizing that a constant dFe exchange between soluble and colloidal pools modulates the constant partitioning of nearly 50% dFe into the colloidal phase throughout the subsurface North Atlantic Ocean, while sFe and cFe cycle independently in the upper ocean.<br>by Jessica Nicole Fitzsimmons.<br>Ph.D.
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Vadas, George G. "Aqueous Solubility of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixtures Containing Dissolved Solid Components." W&M ScholarWorks, 1990. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617610.

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Pan, Jinfen. "Bioavailability of trace metals to marine bivalves mediated by dissolved and colloidal organic carbon /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202004%20PAN.

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Floge, Sheri Ann. "Seasonal Variations in Colloidal Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in the Damariscotta River Estuary, Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/FlogeSA2005.pdf.

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Chambers, Katrin Bella. "Association and Bioavailability of 17?-Estradiol with Soil and Manure Aqueous Dissolved and Colloidal Fractions." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27346.

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Steroidal estrogens in the environment exert toxicological effects at very low concentrations. Furthermore, dissolved and colloidal fractions of soil and manure play an important role in the environmental fate and transport of steroidal estrogens. One objective of this study was to quantify the association of the natural estrogen, 17?-estradiol (E2), with the dissolved fraction and colloidal fraction isolated from liquid swine manure (LSM), soil, and soil+LSM mixtures. The second objective of this study was to evaluate whether the E2 associated with the dissolved fraction/colloidal fraction, dissolved fraction and colloidal fraction of the various media could induce an estrogenic response. Estrogenicity was assessed using an E2 receptor (ER) competitor assay, which provided E2 equivalent concentration (EEQ) of dissolved fraction/colloidal fraction, dissolved fraction and colloidal fraction solutions created from the Soil, Soil+LSM and LSM.
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Chambers, Katrin Bella. "Association and Bioavailability of 17β-Estradiol with Soil and Manure Aqueous Dissolved and Colloidal Fractions". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27346.

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Steroidal estrogens in the environment exert toxicological effects at very low concentrations. Furthermore, dissolved and colloidal fractions of soil and manure play an important role in the environmental fate and transport of steroidal estrogens. One objective of this study was to quantify the association of the natural estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), with the dissolved fraction and colloidal fraction isolated from liquid swine manure (LSM), soil, and soil+LSM mixtures. The second objective of this study was to evaluate whether the E2 associated with the dissolved fraction/colloidal fraction, dissolved fraction and colloidal fraction of the various media could induce an estrogenic response. Estrogenicity was assessed using an E2 receptor (ER) competitor assay, which provided E2 equivalent concentration (EEQ) of dissolved fraction/colloidal fraction, dissolved fraction and colloidal fraction solutions created from the Soil, Soil+LSM and LSM.
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Sjödahl, Ragnar. "Some aspects on the effects of dissolved wood components in kraft pulping." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Träkemi och massateknologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3868.

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During kraft cooking a significant part of the wood material, especially lignin and hemicelluloses, is degraded and dissolved in the cooking liquor, rendering a broad range of degradation products with different molecular mass and functional groups. The main part of this thesis has been devoted to clarify the role of these dissolved wood components (DWC) during kraft cooking. The investigations have covered their influence on e.g. the delignification rate, pulp yield, point of defibration, unbleached pulp c olour and pulp bleachability, i.e. the amount of bleaching chemicals consumed per kappa number or lignin unit to reach a certain brightness. Both softwood (Picea Abies) and hardwood (Eucalyptus urograndis) have been studied. During kraft cooking, many reactions occur simultaneously. Therefore emphasis has been put on separating the effects of hydroxide ions, hydrogen sulphide ions, sodium ions and DWC. This has been enabled by the use of a so called constant-composition-cooking technique, which enables the use of almost constant concentrations of the cooking chemicals during the cook and also results in a very low concentration of DWC in the cooking liquor. The presence of DWC has been controlled by the addition of industrial black liquor. To further scrutinise the role of DWC, the effect of different molecular mass fractions were studied and representative model substances were used to clarify the origin of the observed effects. A kinetic study showed that the delignification rate was significantly affected by the presence of DWC in the cooking liquor and resulted in a rate increase in the part of the cook where the bulk phase dominates and a decreased delignification rate when the residual phase dominates. The increase in delignification rate was dependent on the concentration of DWC and was observed in softwood as well as hardwood kraft cooks. The rate increasing effect was investigated further by the use of ultra- and nanofiltra tion. This way the DWC was divided into fractions with different molecular mass distributions. The results showed that the increase in delignification rate related more strongly to the content of free phenolic groups in the DWC than on the total amount of DWC. By cooking in the presence of representative model substances the effect was further clarified. Aromatic structures with free phenolic groups gave a rate increasing effect while no visible effect could be seen from other structures. This supports the finding that the delignification rate relates to the amount of free phenols in the cooking liquor and shows that the phenolic functionality take active part in the delignification reactions. Free phenolic groups in the degraded lignin may explain a large part of the rate increasing effect seen from the presence of DWC. Further, the presence of DWC increased the point of defibration in a eucalyptus kraft cook and made it possible to terminate the cook at a higher kappa number with the same amount of reject. By terminating the cook at a higher kappa number it was possible to noticeably increase the fully bleached pulp yield. The content of hexenuronic acids (HexA) in the eucalyptus pulp depends on the H-factor and increases with delignification, providing that the bulk phase still dominates. Therefore, by increasing the rat e of delignification and terminating the cook at a higher kappa number it was possible to significantly decrease the amount of HexA in the pulp. The presence of DWC causes a darkening of the unbleached pulp. Bleachability in a D(EOP)DD sequence was negatively affected by the presence of DWC during pulping of softwood, while no effect was seen on the bleachability of hardwood<br>QC 20100920
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Sjödahl, Ragnar. "Some aspects on the effects of dissolved wood components in kraft pulping /." Stockholm : Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3868.

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Rundlöf, Mats. "Interaction of dissolved and colloidal substances with fines of mechanical pulp - influence on sheet properties and basic aspects of adhesion." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Pulp and Paper Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3297.

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Books on the topic "Dissolved and colloidal components"

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Harnish, R. A. Particulate, colloidal, and dissolved-phase associations of plutonium and americium in a water sample from well 1587 at the Rocky Flats Plant, Colorado. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.

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Leenheer, J. A. Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1987-90. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Leenheer, J. A. Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1987-90. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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Rowan, David Silas. Colloidal properties of dissolved kraft lignin. 1989.

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Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt, and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Analysis of minerals containing dissolved taraces of the fluid phase components "water" and "carbon dioxide": Final report submitted to the NASA Ames Research Center for NASA cooperative agreement NCC 2-446. SETI Institute, 1991.

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Li, Jing, and Xiao-Ying Huang. Nanostructured crystals: An unprecedented class of hybrid semiconductors exhibiting structure-induced quantum confinement effect and systematically tunable properties. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533053.013.16.

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This article describes the structure-induced quantum confinement effect in nanostructured crystals, a unique class of hybrid semiconductors that incorporate organic and inorganic components into a single-crystal lattice via covalent (coordinative) bonds to form extended one-, two- and three-dimensional network structures. These structures are comprised of subnanometer-sized II-VI semiconductor segments (inorganic component) and amine molecules (organic component) arranged into perfectly ordered arrays. The article first provides an overview of II-VI and III-V semiconductors, II-VI colloidal quantum dots, inorganic-organic hybrid materials before discussing the design and synthesis of I-VI-based inorganic-organic hybrid nanostructures. It also considers the crystal structures, quantum confinement effect, bandgaps, and optical properties, thermal properties, thermal expansion behavior of nanostructured crystals.
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Book chapters on the topic "Dissolved and colloidal components"

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Herbert, Bruce E., and Paul M. Bertsch. "Characterization of Dissolved and Colloidal Organic Matter in Soil Solution: A Review." In Carbon Forms and Functions in Forest Soils. Soil Science Society of America, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/1995.carbonforms.c5.

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Glater, Julius, Lawrence C. Wilson, and Johannes B. Neethling. "Dissolved Organic Components in Process Water at the Los Banos Desalting Facility." In Advances in Chemistry. American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1988-0219.ch043.

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Iino, Masashi, and Toshimasa Takanohashi. "Molecular and Colloidal Structure of Coal Asphaltenes and Other Heavy Solvent Soluble Components." In Structures and Dynamics of Asphaltenes. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1615-0_6.

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Stockman, Christine T., and Robert C. Moore. "Use of Dissolved and Colloidal Actinide Parameters within the 1996 Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Compliance Certification Application." In Actinide Speciation in High Ionic Strength Media. Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8690-0_4.

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Ortiz-Caballero, Z. K., A. Covarrubias-Muñoz, M. E. Montero-Cabrera, and M. Rentería-Villalobos. "Distribution of Uranium and Thorium Isotopes in Colloidal and Dissolved Fraction of Water from San Marcos Dam, Chihuahua, Mexico." In Uranium - Past and Future Challenges. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11059-2_72.

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True, Mary B., and Oliver C. Zafiriou. "Reaction of Br2-Produced by Flash Photolysis of Sea Water with Components of the Dissolved Carbonate System." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0327.ch008.

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Absar, Nurul, Mohd Qaim Raza, Sminto Augustine, Shreyas Managave, D. Srinivasa Sarma, and S. Balakrishnan. "Trace, Rare-Earth Elements and C, O Isotope Systematics of Carbonate Rocks of Proterozoic Bhima Group, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India: Implications for the Source of Dissolved Components, Redox Condition and Biogeochemical Cycling of Mesoproterozoic Ocean." In Society of Earth Scientists Series. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89698-4_13.

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Bunker, Bruce C., and William H. Casey. "The Colloidal Chemistry of Oxides." In The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199384259.003.0014.

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Colloids are defined as suspensions of finely divided particles in a continuous medium that do not settle rapidly and are not readily filtered. To be more specific, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry defines a colloid as any material for which one or more of its three dimensions lies within the size range of 1 to 1000 nm. As the nucleation and growth of oxides from aqueous solutions almost always produces suspensions containing submicron particles (see Chapter 7), typical oxide suspensions fall squarely within the colloidal domain. In this book, we consider colloidal particles to represent oxides or hydroxides that are small enough to stay in aqueous suspensions for more than a few hours, yet are larger and lacking in the specific molecular structures of typical hydrolysis products (see Chapter 5). Given the density range of most oxides (from around 2−10 g/cm3), the sizes of most colloidal oxides fall within the limits of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (see Section 8.4.5). Colloidal oxide particles suspended in water represent a complex chemical environment. At the molecular level, protons, ions, small molecules, and polymeric species interact with particle surfaces to create charged surface sites and promote adsorption and desorption phenomena (see Chapter 6). These modified surfaces perturb the adjacent liquid, creating ordered solvent layers and strong concentration gradients in ions and other dissolved species. These interfacial phenomena generate a range of forces called interaction potentials. Such forces determine whether particles repel each other (leading to stable suspensions) or are attracted to one another, resulting in agglomeration and sedimentation phenomena. The length scales of those components of the oxide–water interface that influence the interaction potentials to be discussed in this chapter are introduced in Figure 8.1. At the subatomic level, the correlated polarization of electron clouds gives rise to dispersion forces described by quantum mechanics that contribute to van der Waals interactions. At the atomic level, the inherent charge on each exposed oxygen anion that terminates the oxide surface is controlled by local chemical bonds to adjacent cations (see Chapter 6).
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Buchert, J., A. Mustranta, and B. Holmbom. "Enzymatic control of dissolved and colloidal substances during mechanical pulping." In Progress in Biotechnology. Elsevier, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-0423(02)80030-2.

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Wang, Y., and C. Su. "Colloidal and dissolved species of metallic elements in lake waters." In Water-Rock Interaction. Taylor & Francis, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe0415451369.ch269.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dissolved and colloidal components"

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Savenko, Alla, Alla Savenko, Oleg Pokrovsky, Oleg Pokrovsky, Irina Streletskaya, and Irina Streletskaya. "DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE YENISEI RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT WATER AREA OF THE KARA SEA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43172445b0.

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The distribution of dissolved chemical elements (major ions, nutrients, and trace elements) in the Yenisei River estuary and adjacent water area in 2009 and 2010 are presented. These results were compared to the data obtained during previous hydrochemical studies of this region. The transport of major cations (Na, K, Mg, Ca) and some trace elements (Rb, Cs, Sr, B, F, As, Mo, U) in the estuary follows conservative mixing. Alkalinity also belongs to conservative components, however this parameter exhibits substantial spatial heterogeneity caused by complex hydrological structure of the Yenisei Bay and adjoining part of the Kara Sea formed under the influence of several sources of desalination and salty waters inflow. Concentrations of Pmin, Si, and V in the desalinized waters of photic layer decrease seaward owing to uptake by phytoplankton. The losses of these elements reach 30–57, 30, and 9% of their supply by river runoff, respectively. The content of dissolved phosphates and vanadium in the intermediate and near-bottom layers of the Yenisei River estuary strongly increases with salinity due to regeneration of precipitated organic matter, whereas silica remineralization is much less pronounced. Barium is characterized by additional input of dissolved forms in the mixing zone in the quantity comparable to that carried out by river runoff. This may be caused by its desorption from river suspended matter due to ion exchange. The transport of dissolved Al and Mn in the estuarine zone is probably controlled by the coagulation and flocculation of organic and organomineral colloids, which is indicated by a decrease in the concentration of these elements at the beginning of the estuary (31 and 56%, respectively) followed by a stable concentration further seaward.
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Savenko, Alla, Alla Savenko, Oleg Pokrovsky, Oleg Pokrovsky, Irina Streletskaya, and Irina Streletskaya. "DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED CHEMICAL ELEMENTS IN THE YENISEI RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT WATER AREA OF THE KARA SEA." In Managing risks to coastal regions and communities in a changing world. Academus Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b947e8aa678.89317861.

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The distribution of dissolved chemical elements (major ions, nutrients, and trace elements) in the Yenisei River estuary and adjacent water area in 2009 and 2010 are presented. These results were compared to the data obtained during previous hydrochemical studies of this region. The transport of major cations (Na, K, Mg, Ca) and some trace elements (Rb, Cs, Sr, B, F, As, Mo, U) in the estuary follows conservative mixing. Alkalinity also belongs to conservative components, however this parameter exhibits substantial spatial heterogeneity caused by complex hydrological structure of the Yenisei Bay and adjoining part of the Kara Sea formed under the influence of several sources of desalination and salty waters inflow. Concentrations of Pmin, Si, and V in the desalinized waters of photic layer decrease seaward owing to uptake by phytoplankton. The losses of these elements reach 30–57, 30, and 9% of their supply by river runoff, respectively. The content of dissolved phosphates and vanadium in the intermediate and near-bottom layers of the Yenisei River estuary strongly increases with salinity due to regeneration of precipitated organic matter, whereas silica remineralization is much less pronounced. Barium is characterized by additional input of dissolved forms in the mixing zone in the quantity comparable to that carried out by river runoff. This may be caused by its desorption from river suspended matter due to ion exchange. The transport of dissolved Al and Mn in the estuarine zone is probably controlled by the coagulation and flocculation of organic and organomineral colloids, which is indicated by a decrease in the concentration of these elements at the beginning of the estuary (31 and 56%, respectively) followed by a stable concentration further seaward.
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Saab, Joseph, Ramy Abou Naccoul, Juliette Stephan, Rosette Ouaini, Jacques Jose, and Naim Ouaini. "Dynamic Fluid Saturation Method for Hydrocarbons Thermodynamics’ Properties Determination." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37114.

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Low solubility compounds suffer from lack of data, leading to an impoverishment in thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy of dissolution (ΔH), entropy (ΔS), infinite dilution coefficient (γ∞) and isobaric heat capacity (Cp) of utmost practical importance for industrial optimization processes. Dynamic fluid method is a novel technique for low solubility (expressed as molar fraction χ) determination based on the saturation of a specific heated fluid passing through a saturation cell. The heated components are kept inside a chromatographic oven maintained at a constant temperature to within ± 0.05°C by means of a PID temperature controller. A regular stream of fluid, using a constant flow pump, passes through the saturation cell packed with an inert stationary phase (Gaz chrom R 60/80) pre-coated with the organic compound. The solute transported by the fluid is subsequently trapped in a specific extraction column (inverse phase). The organic compound is removed by back flushing using the appropriate solvent in order to dissolve and carry out the totality. A low flow of fluid through the generator column is to be set to avoid safely the formation of colloidal dispersion, to increase the contact time and to keep small pressure drops across the generator/extractor column. The gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer detector is used in order to quantify the solute. The validation of this apparatus was achieved by comparison of our values with the ones extracted from previous papers using the static method to determine aqueous solubility of the ethylbenzene, and a precision of our solubility measurements was established to be better than 0.2%. In continuous, aqueous solubility and thermodynamics properties of perfluorocarbons compounds were determined in the range of temperature from 273 K to 333 K. Considering the contribution of chromatographic, calibration and other operational errors, the combined measurement uncertainty (standard deviation) was established to be less than 3%.
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Tang, Jaw-Luen, Ping-Chang Jui, and Jian-Neng Wang. "Enhancing sensing sensitivity for long period grating sensor with colloidal gold nanoparticles." In Passive Components and Fiber-based Devices III. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.689046.

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Amme, M., H. Lang, and M. Sto¨ckl. "Different Pathways of Secondary Phase Formation Induced by Colloidal and Dissolved Silica During the Dissolution of UO2 Nuclear Fuel in Leaching Tests." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4504.

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We investigated the different dissolution behaviour of UO2 nuclear fuel material in waters containing silica in two different physical and chemical forms (dissolved ions and as SiO2 colloids, respectively) at elevated temperatures (95 °C in autoclaves). It was investigated if SiO2 colloids can act as carrier material for U ions during a interface geochemical dissolution process, a process that might possibly enhance the mobilization of uranium. Herefore, leaching / dissolution tests were conducted in batch reactors, using both dissolved Si (sodium metasilicate solution), as well as synthetic SiO2 colloids (100 nm diameter). Solid materials were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) after the tests and ICP-OES was used for analysis of concentrations of U and Si in solutions. Thermodynamic calculations were applied for modelling the surface charges of the solid materials. Results show that a treatment with colloidal SiO2 has different effects on the surfaces than a leaching in dissolved silicate solutions. In the presence of colloids, well-crystallized secondary phases containing U and Si (most obviously uranyl silicates) were found on the surfaces, which were attacked by the treatment. This was not the case when dissolved Si was used. SiO2 colloids were partly found to remain on the surfaces after 1000 h at 95 °C. Dissolved U concentrations decreased with increasing Si content in the systems, especially so when colloidal Si was used. Ultrafiltration showed that the greatest part of the dissolved U was associated with Si colloids. A surface charge model suggests that the different effects are due to the development of electrostatic interactions between the UO2 and SiO2 surfaces.
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Peterson, William A., Emma G. Saloky, Molly M. McGuire, and Ellen K. Herman. "FLUME SIMULATIONS TO DETERMINE FE2+ AND FE3+ KINETICS OF THE COLLOIDAL AND DISSOLVED FRACTIONS IN ABANDONED MINE DRAINAGE." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-303936.

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Descousse, A., K. Mönig, and K. Voldum. "Evaluation Study of Various Produced-Water Treatment Technologies to Remove Dissolved Aromatic Components." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/90103-ms.

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Patsayeva, Svetlana V., and Rainer Reuter. "Spectroscopic study of major components of dissolved organic matter naturally occurring in water." In Satellite Remote Sensing II, edited by Donald W. Deering and Preben Gudmandsen. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.228618.

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Sun, Ying, Vadim Bromberg, Sailee Gawande, Somnath Biswas, and Timothy Singler. "Transport processes associated with inkjet printing of colloidal drops for printable electronics fabrication." In 2009 IEEE 59th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ectc.2009.5074188.

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Zhang, Lifu, and Berna Hascakir. "A Systematic Study of Water-Rock Reactions to Reveal the Relationship Between Total Dissolved Solids and Colloidal System Parameters." In SPE Canada Unconventional Resources Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200013-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Dissolved and colloidal components"

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OJI, LAWRENCE. Identification of Tank 50H Solids Components Responsible for Removal of Dissolved Actinides. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/823472.

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Buesseler, K. O., S. B. Moran, and J. E. Bauer. Transformation rates and fate of dissolved, colloidal and particulate forms of organic carbon in ocean margins. Final report, May 1, 1992--April 30, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/491422.

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Buesseler, K. O., S. B. Moran, J. E. Bauer, and E. R. M. Druffel. Transformation rates and fate of dissolved, colloidal and particulate forms of organic carbon in ocean margins. Final report, May 1, 1992--April 3, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/666224.

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Roesler, Collin S. Conservative and Non-conservative Variability in the Inherent Optical Properties of Dissolved and Particulate Components in Seawater. Defense Technical Information Center, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada628354.

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Roesler, Collin. Conservative and Non-conservative Variability in the Inherent Optical Properties of Dissolved and Particulate Components in Seawater. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada636790.

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Bauer, J., and E. Druffel. Final Report: Sources and Turnover Times of Dissolved Colloidal and Particulate Organic Carbon in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Chesapeake Bay, May 1, 1994 - June 30, 1998. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/763214.

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Bauer, J., and D. Druffel. Final Report: Sources and Turnover Times of Dissolved, Colloidal and Particulate Organic Compound in Waters in the Middle Atlantic Bight and Chesapeake Bay, July 1, 1995 - June 30, 1998. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/765163.

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Particulate, colloidal, and dissolved-phase associations of plutonium and americium in a water sample from well 1587 at the Rocky Flats Plant, Colorado. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri934175.

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Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1987-90. US Geological Survey, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri934204.

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Data on natural organic substances in dissolved, colloidal, suspended-silt and -clay, and bed-sediment phases in the Mississippi River and some of its tributaries, 1991-92. US Geological Survey, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri944191.

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