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Journal articles on the topic 'Dissonance (Psychologie)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Molinier, Pascale. "Des différences dans les voix différentes." Articles 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1030993ar.

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L’auteure s’appuie sur les théories de la voix en psychologie morale de même qu’en philosophie morale et politique pour montrer qu’elles autorisent une conception du sujet féminin directement articulée avec le politique, sous condition de les faire travailler avec le féminisme matérialiste. L’auteure relate une enquête ethnographique réalisée dans un établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes et discute de la pluralité des voix et des langages à l’intérieur du domaine de travail du care. Elle repère trois modalités d’échec de la « voix différente » : l’inexpressivité (langue de bois importée du monde masculin), la surexpressivité (hystérie au sens social ou « hystérie de culture ») et la voix étouffée dans l’entre soi (résistance). Parler publiquement dans « une voix différente » impliquerait une transformation féministe de l’organisation du travail : il s’agirait moins de diviser le travail entre spécialités que de le partager plus équitablement. Cette perspective impliquerait d’assumer comme un passage obligé l’hystérisation de la voix féministe dans l’espace public, sa dissonance ou stridence.

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Blanton, Hart, Joel Cooper, Ian Slkurnik, and Joshua Aronson. "When Bad Things Happen to Good Feedback: Exacerbating the Need for Self-Justification with Self-Affirmations." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23, no. 7 (July 1997): 684–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167297237002.

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In numerous self-affirmation studies, Claude Steele and colleagues have demonstrated that self-affirmations reduce the need to justify dissonant behavior even when the affirmation is unrelated to the dissonance-evoking action. However, research has not sufficiently examined the impact of reaffirming self-aspects that are related to the dissonance. The authors argue that relevant affirmations of this sort can make salient the standards that are violated in the course of dissonant behavior; thereby increasing dissonance and the need for self justification. In a laboratory study using the induced-compliance paradigm, it was demonstrated that dissonance can be exacerbated by reaffirming standards that are violated in the course of the dissonant behavior.

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3

D'Alessio, Dave, and Mike Allen. "Selective Exposure and Dissonance after Decisions." Psychological Reports 91, no. 2 (October 2002): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.2.527.

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Well-known literature reviews from the 1960s question whether cognitive dissonance underlies experimental participants' selective exposure of themselves to consonant messages and avoidance of dissonant ones. A meta-analytic review of 16 studies published from 1956 to 1996 and involving 1,922 total participants shows that experimental tests consistently support the supposition that dissonance is associated with selective exposure ( r = .22, p < .001). Statistical power exceeded .99. Advances in statistical methodology and increased attention to selecting appropriate tests of dissonance theory were essential to finally resolving this question.

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4

Jonas, Eva, Verena Graupmann, Peter Fischer, Tobias Greitemeyer, and Dieter Frey. "Schwarze Kassen, weiße Westen?" Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 34, no. 1 (March 2003): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//0044-3514.34.1.47.

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Zusammenfassung: Die Parteispendenaffäre der christlich-demokratischen Union (CDU) Ende des Jahres 1999 wurde zur Untersuchung selektiver Informationssuche und -bewertungsprozesse im Feld herangezogen. Auf Grundlage der Dissonanztheorie wurde vorhergesagt, dass die Parteispendenaffäre insbesondere bei Wähler/innen der CDU/CSU zu kognitiver Dissonanz führte, welche durch einen verzerrten Umgang mit Informationen abgebaut werden konnte. In Übereinstimmung mit dieser Hypothese zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass CDU/CSU-Wähler/innen im Vergleich zu SPD-Wähler/innen eine stärkere Suche nach konsonanten und eine Vernachlässigung dissonanter Informationen aufwiesen und zugleich konsonante Informationen als wichtiger und interessanter bewerteten. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass Personen, denen vor der Informationssuche ihre Parteipräferenz bewusst vor Augen geführt wurde, indem sie diese schriftlich darlegen und begründen sollten, im Vergleich zu solchen Personen, die hierzu nicht aufgefordert wurden, nach mehr dissonanten Informationen suchten, - obwohl sie diese bei der Informationsbewertung weiterhin als weniger wichtig bewerteten als die konsonanten Informationen. Dieses Ergebnis wird dahingehend interpretiert, dass Personen, denen Verzerrungen beim Umgang mit Informationen bewusst werden, versuchen gegen zu steuern, um auf diese Weise eine “Illusion der Objektivität” aufrechtzuerhalten. Theoretische und praktische Implikationen der Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.

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5

I.V., Abakumova, Grishina A.V., and Godunov M.V. "PECULIARITIES OF MANIFESTATION OF MEANING DISSONANCE." “Educational bulletin “Consciousness” 22, no. 10 (October 19, 2020): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2020-22-10-25-28.

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Modern psychology considers meaning regulation, as an integral mechanism of personal development. A system of personal meanings develops in the processes of under-standing reality. Due to their polymodality personal meanings cannot be good or bad, but they are not the same. When confronted with unknown situations, the unevenness of the emerging personal meanings can lead to match or mismatch with the existing system of mean-ings. Coincidence, as agreement with a new fact, means meaning consonance. Mismatch, as a mismatch between new and existing information, means meaning disso-nance, as a kind of cognitive dissonance. An analysis of modern psychological literature shows that there are two main plans for the action of meaning dissonances: the dissonance of individual meanings in the implementation of real interactions and the dissonance of common mean-ings during the translation of interpersonal meaning formations. It is proposed to consider that meaning ac-quires a personal coloring due to the processes of both consonance and dissonance positioning of meaning con-structs in the meaning sphere of the subject. The revealed dichotomy of the meaning formation processes shows the possibility of manifestation of meanings bipolarity, which is revealed in the process of transition from the internal to the external world and in collisions with oth-er meaning systems. Then it can be assumed that the ef-fect of meaning dissonance manifests itself in two ways: firstly, in terms of real interactions as a discord of indi-vidual meanings, and secondly, in terms of translation of interpersonal meaning constructs as a dissonance of common meanings. In the course of such an external for-mation, meaning becomes already a personal meaning in the consciousness of a particular person.

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6

Levine, Joseph, Yoram Barak, and Ilana Granek. "Cognitive Group Therapy for Paranoid Schizophrenics: Applying Cognitive Dissonance." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 12, no. 1 (January 1998): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.12.1.3.

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Psychotherapy with paranoid schizophrenics is a hard and often unrewarding task. Individual and group therapies are usually supportive only and are not aimed at changing the paranoid mode of thinking. Although cognitive therapy has been applied in schizophrenic patients, it has not gained wide acceptance. Cognitive dissonance postulates that individuals experience discomfort and tension when holding two dissonant beliefs simultaneously. We here present the group therapy of six schizophrenic paranoids treated by modified cognitive group therapy implementing cognitive dissonance as the vector of change. A control group of six age- and sex-matched paranoid schizophrenics was treated by supportive group therapy. Analysis of the results, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), during therapy and at follow-up of 4 weeks demonstrates statistically significant improvement in total PANSS score as well as in the positive symptoms subscale.

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7

Peretz, Isabelle. "The need to consider underlying mechanisms: A response from dissonance." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 5 (October 2008): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08005451.

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AbstractCurrent research on emotional responses to dissonance has yielded consistent data in both developmental psychology and neuroscience. What seems to be lacking is a definition of what might constitute dissonance in non-musical domains. Thus, contrary to Juslin & Västfjäll's (J&V) proposal for the need to distinguish between six broad mechanisms, I argue that future research should rather focus on perceptual determinants of each basic emotion.

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8

Rowe, Wayne, Sandra K. Bennett, and Donald R. Atkinson. "White Racial Identity Models." Counseling Psychologist 22, no. 1 (January 1994): 129–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000094221009.

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Existing models of White racial identity development (WRID) are challenged as being deficient in terms of: (a) being based on the oppression-adaptive models of minority identity development, (b) focusing primarily on attitudes toward racial/ethnic out-groups, not on White identity attitudes; and (c) depicting the process as developmental in nature. An alternative conceptualization, based on the construct of White racial consciousness, is presented as a more parsimonious explanation for the role of racially oriented attitudes. Three types of unachieved White racial consciousness (avoidant, dependent, and dissonant) are proposed along with four types of achieved White racial consciousness (dominative, conflictive, reactive, and integrative). Changes in attitudes characteristic of one type to those more representative of another are explained in terms of dissonance reduction. Information is provided regarding the availability of an assessment device designed to identify the types of White racial consciousness.

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9

Harmon-Jones, Eddie, and Cindy Harmon-Jones. "Cognitive Dissonance Theory After 50 Years of Development." Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 38, no. 1 (January 2007): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0044-3514.38.1.7.

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Abstract. Research and theoretical developments on the theory of cognitive dissonance are reviewed. After considering the self-consistency, self-affirmation, and aversive consequences revisions, the authors review research that has challenged each of the revisions and that supports the original version of the theory. Then, the authors review the action-based model of dissonance, which accepts the original theory's proposal that a sufficient cognitive inconsistency causes dissonance and extends the original theory by proposing why cognitive inconsistency prompts dissonance. Finally, the authors present results from experiments examining predictions derived from the action-based model and neural processes involved in dissonance reduction.

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10

Putri, Dianingtyas, Suharyanti Suharyanti, and Dyah Ajeng. "iGeneration’s Communication Psychology Facing Covid-19 In Terms of Cognitive Dissonance." Jurnal ASPIKOM 6, no. 2 (July 25, 2021): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v6i2.860.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has a broad impact on various aspects and lines. One of them is that the country’s economy has not moved forward as before. The unemployment rate increase among the iGeneration who have just graduated from college feels confused and anxious because they have not found a job, thus negatively affected them. This research aims to analyze the iGeneration in facing the impact of Covid-19 pandemic in cognitive dissonance theory by linking interpersonal communication through communication psychology. This research was a case study of a conservative generation of 22 years of age with excellent academic achievements. The results show that of the three mental mechanisms that consist of selective prevents dissonance, post-decision dissonance creates a need for reassurance, and minimal justification for action induces a shift in attitude, the informants have different perspectives and perceptions that affect self-efficacy on the issue as cognitive dissonance.

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11

Huang, Li, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Mind–Body Dissonance." Social Psychological and Personality Science 2, no. 4 (December 10, 2010): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550610391677.

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12

Carkenord, David M., and Joseph Bullington. "Bringing Cognitive Dissonance to the Classroom." Teaching of Psychology 20, no. 1 (February 1993): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2001_9.

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We describe a classroom procedure that induces cognitive dissonance in students by pointing out inconsistencies between their behaviors and attitudes. Given that experimental tests of the concept of dissonance can sometimes be difficult to explain, enabling students to experience dissonance may make the teaching task easier. In an assessment of the exercise, most students reported feeling some dissonance and positively evaluated its effectiveness.

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13

Burke, Shaunna M., Andrew C. Sparkes, and Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson. "High Altitude Climbers as Ethnomethodologists Making Sense of Cognitive Dissonance: Ethnographic Insights from an Attempt to Scale Mt. Everest." Sport Psychologist 22, no. 3 (September 2008): 336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.22.3.336.

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This ethnographic study examined how a group of high altitude climbers (N = 6) drew on ethnomethodological principles (the documentary method of interpretation, reflexivity, indexicality, and membership) to interpret their experiences of cognitive dissonance during an attempt to scale Mt. Everest. Data were collected via participant observation, interviews, and a field diary. Each data source was subjected to a content mode of analysis. Results revealed how cognitive dissonance reduction is accomplished from within the interaction between a pattern of self-justification and self-inconsistencies; how the reflexive nature of cognitive dissonance is experienced; how specific features of the setting are inextricably linked to the cognitive dissonance experience; and how climbers draw upon a shared stock of knowledge in their experiences with cognitive dissonance.

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14

Liu, Yu-Lun, and Ching-Jui Keng. "Cognitive Dissonance, Social Comparison, and Disseminating Untruthful or Negative Truthful Ewom Messages." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 6 (July 16, 2014): 979–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.6.979.

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In this research we explored consumers' intentions to provide untruthful or negative truthful electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) messages when undergoing conflicting cognitive dissonance and after experiencing social comparison. We recruited 480 Taiwanese Internet users to participate in a scenario-based experiment. The findings show that after making downward comparisons on the Internet, consumers with high cognitive dissonance were more inclined to disseminate negative truthful eWOM messages compared to consumers with low cognitive dissonance. After making upward comparisons, it was found that consumers with high cognitive dissonance were more likely to make untruthful eWOM statements compared to those with low cognitive dissonance. It is recommended that marketers monitor eWOM in an effort to reduce the incidence of consumers' negative truthful and untruthful eWOM messages.

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15

Chou, Ting-Jui, Qi Dai, En-Chung Chang, and Veronica Wong. "Replacement between Conformity and Counter-Conformity in Consumption Decisions." Psychological Reports 112, no. 1 (February 2013): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/01.07.09.pr0.112.1.125-150.

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This study assessed, in a Chinese context, how self-esteem interacts with perceived similarity and uniqueness to yield cognitive dissonance, and whether the dissonance leads to self-reported conformity or counter-conformity behavior. Participants were 408 respondents from 4 major Chinese cities ( M age = 33.0 yr., SD = 4.3; 48% men). Self-perceptions of uniqueness, similarity, cognitive dissonance, self-esteem and need to behave in conformity or counter-conformity were measured. A theoretical model was assessed in four situations, relating the ratings of self-esteem and perceived similarity/uniqueness to the way other people at a wedding were dressed, and the resultant cognitive dissonance and conformity/counter-conformity behavior. Regardless of high or low self-esteem, all participants reported cognitive dissonance when they were told that they were dressed extremely similarly to or extremely differently from the other people attending the wedding. However, the conforming/counter-conforming strategies used by participants to resolve the cognitive dissonance differed. When encountering dissonance induced by the perceived extreme uniqueness of dress, participants with low self-esteem tended to say they would dress next time so as to conform with the way others were dressed, while those with high self-esteem indicated they would continue their counter-conformity in attire. When encountering dissonance induced by the perceived extreme similarity to others, both those with high and low self-esteem tended to say they would dress in an unorthodox manner to surprise other people in the future.

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16

Miller, Duane I., Nancy Verhoek-Miller, J. Martin Giesen, and Elisabeth Wells-Parker. "Some Empirical Evidence for Ecological Dissonance Theory." Psychological Reports 86, no. 2 (April 2000): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.2.415.

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Using Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory as a model, the extension to Barker's ecological theory, referred to as ecological dissonance theory, was developed. Designed to examine the motivational dynamics involved when environmental systems are in conflict with each other or with cognitive systems, ecological dissonance theory yielded five propositions which were tested in 10 studies. This summary of the studies suggests operationally defined measures of ecological dissonance may correlate with workers satisfaction with their jobs, involvement with their jobs, alienation from their work, and to a lesser extent, workers' conflict resolution behavior and communication style.

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17

Markovic, Jelena. "Cognitive dissonance between religious and secular social attitudes." Psihologija 36, no. 2 (2003): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0302217m.

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The initial finding of the study, which served as the basis for the exploration of cognitive dissonance between religious and secular behavioral norms, was revealed in a tendency of the majority of religious students to accept behavioral norms, attitudes and believes (concerning interpersonal relationships and reproduction-related ethical issues) which are not supported by Orthodox Christian Church viewpoint and teachings. However, certain cognitive and value system consistency appeared to exist: the intensity of religiousness was related to lower degrees of secular norms approval. It has been found that religious and nonreligious subjects differ significantly in their preference of the strategy used to maintain balance between dissonant religious and secular attitudes- in 3 out of 4 issues considered in the study. Religious subjects most frequently chose relativism strategy, claiming that some specific exceptions from a general rule or standpoint do not necessarily depreciate it, while nonreligious subjects most frequently chose dualistic viewpoint that principally separated and restricted domains of reasoning on spiritual and worldly issues, making them psychologically irrelevant to one another.

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Ellithorpe, Morgan E., David R. Ewoldsen, and Russell H. Fazio. "Socialization of Dissonance Processes." Social Psychological and Personality Science 5, no. 1 (May 7, 2013): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550613486675.

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19

HOLGOMB, HARMON R. "Cognitive Dissonance and Scepticism." Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 19, no. 4 (December 1989): 411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.1989.tb00158.x.

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20

Tierney, Ian. "Dissonance, Complementarity, and Psi." Journal of Parapsychology 84, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30891/jopar.2020.02.08.

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21

Goethals, George R. "Dissonance and Self-Justification." Psychological Inquiry 3, no. 4 (October 1992): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0304_7.

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22

Jussim, Lee. "Dissonance: A Second Coming?" Psychological Inquiry 3, no. 4 (October 1992): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0304_9.

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23

van Overwalle, Frank, and Karen Jordens. "An Adaptive Connectionist Model of Cognitive Dissonance." Personality and Social Psychology Review 6, no. 3 (August 2002): 204–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0603_6.

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This article proposes an adaptive connectionist model that implements an attributional account of cognitive dissonance. The model represents an attitude as the connection between the attitude object and behavioral-affective outcomes. Dissonance arises when circumstantial constraints induce a mismatch between the model's (mental) prediction and discrepant behavior or affect. Reduction of dissonance by attitude change is accomplished through long-lasting changes in the connection weights using the error-correcting delta learning algorithm. The model can explain both the typical effects predicted by dissonance theory as well as some atypical effects (i.e., reinforcement effect), using this principle of weight changes and by giving a prominent role to affective experiences. The model was implemented in a standard feedforward connectionist network. Computer simulations showed an adequate fit with several classical dissonance paradigms (inhibition, initiation, forced compliance, free choice, & misattribution), as well as novel studies that underscore the role of affect. A comparison with an earlier constraint satisfaction approach (Shultz & Lepper, 1996) indicates that the feedforward implementation provides a similar fit with these shortcomings of this previous model.

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Randles, Daniel, Michael Inzlicht, Travis Proulx, Alexa M. Tullett, and Steven J. Heine. "Is dissonance reduction a special case of fluid compensation? Evidence that dissonant cognitions cause compensatory affirmation and abstraction." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 108, no. 5 (May 2015): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038933.

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Osberg, Timothy M. "Psychology is Not Just Common Sense: An Introductory Psychology Demonstration." Teaching of Psychology 20, no. 2 (April 1993): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top2002_11.

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This article describes a simple demonstration that helps introductory psychology students overcome the misconception that psychology is just common sense. Early in the course, I recount Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) classic cognitive dissonance experiment and ask students to guess the outcome of the study. Because the vast majority of the class guesses an intuitive outcome, students are surprised by the actual, counterintuitive findings. This presentation provides a powerful demonstration that psychology is not just common sense. Evaluative data suggest that the demonstration achieves its aim. The technique is a good opening gambit for stimulating lively discussion and capturing students' interest.

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Vaidis, David C., and Dominique Oberlé. "Approaching Opponents and Leaving Supporters: Adjusting Physical Proximity to Reduce Cognitive Dissonance." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 42, no. 7 (August 14, 2014): 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.7.1091.

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In our study of cognitive dissonance 59 students adjusted their physical proximity with an opposing other to manage dissonance. Participants wrote a counterattitudinal essay (vs. proattitudinal), then each of them was told he/she had to discuss the topic with another student who was against the current topic (vs. in favor of). While the experimenter allegedly fetched the other student the participant set up the room by installing 2 chairs. The distance between the 2 chairs was used to measure the proximity with the other. The results showed that in the dissonance condition participants set greater physical proximity when the other disagreed with their initial attitude and less physical proximity when the other was supportive of their initial attitude. We suggest further research is conducted to confirm the use of proximity as a means of dissonance reduction.

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Fointiat, Valérie. "Saying, But Not Doing: Induced Hypocrisy, Trivialization, and Misattribution." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 39, no. 4 (May 30, 2011): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.4.465.

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Hypocrisy paradigm has been identified as a form of dissonance induction. Hypocrisy is induced by the combination of 2 factors: commitment (advocating a position one supports) and mindfulness (being made mindful of one's failure to act in accord with the advocated standards). The experimental 2 x 2 between participants design manipulates misattribution and the order of presentation of 2 modes of dissonance reduction, behavior change – which is the paradigmatic measure of hypocrisy reduction – versus trivialization – which consists of minimizing the importance of what was done. Misattribution effect is observed for any given mode of reduction so long as it is made available first. Furthermore, the misattribution effect no longer occurs when considering the mode of reduction is made available second. These results suggest that misattribution is not a permanent and efficient route of dissonance reduction, and support the perspective of a complementary model of dissonance reduction.

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Hong, Xiaobin, Yingying Liao, Yan Shi, Changzhu Qi, Mengyan Zhao, and Judy L. Van Raalte. "An Empirical Test of the Self-Talk Dissonance Hypothesis: The Effects of Self-Talk Overtness and Personality on Performance." Sport Psychologist 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2019-0134.

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According to the sport-specific model of self-talk, self-talk dissonance occurs when a mismatch between gut feelings/impressions and self-talk creates discomfort and disrupts performance. The purpose of this study was to test the sport-specific model of self-talk’s dissonance hypothesis by examining the effects of self-talk on introverts (n = 28), who may be uncomfortable speaking their self-talk aloud, and on extraverts (n = 30). Each participant completed a dart-throwing target task using (a) overt and (b) covert self-talk in a counterbalanced order. Results of analysis of covariance indicated a significant interaction that supported the sport-specific model of self-talk’s dissonance hypothesis. Introverts performed better when using covert (private) self-talk, and extraverts performed better when using overt self-talk. The results of this research show that self-talk dissonance adversely affects performance and suggests that tailoring self-talk interventions by incorporating personal factors into intervention designs could enhance intervention effectiveness and performance outcomes.

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Hong, Yu Feng, and Huan Bing Song. "Study on Cognitive Dissonance of Passive Safety Investment Based on Cultural Psychology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 623 (August 2014): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.623.323.

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In order to explore the deep internal cause of frequent occurrence of coal mine disasters in new era, firstly the paper has studied current situation of “institutional walls, equipment idle” in Chinese township coals by behavioral economics. And then, we analyzed cognitive dissonance of speculative psychology by cultural psychology in the course of passive safety investment. The results show that just relying on the infinite increase of rewards and punishments regulation system cannot effectively make them take active safety investment in the new period of economic development. Our study highlights the importance of mutual construction of psychological and social cultural in the preventing coal mine disaster.

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30

Martinie, Marie-Amélie, and Valérie Fointiat. "Self-Esteem, Trivialization, and Attitude Change." Swiss Journal of Psychology 65, no. 4 (December 2006): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.65.4.221.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between trivialization and self-esteem. Low-self-esteem participants were expected to reduce cognitive dissonance by trivialization. In this experiment, dissonance was aroused by having participants write a counter-attitudinal essay. In the post-experimental phase, both the participants’ attitude and trivialization were measured. The order of presentation of the variables was manipulated (attitude first vs. trivialization first). The results showed that participants with low self-esteem did not change their attitude and trivialized. These results limit the scope of the self-consistency view proposing that only participants with high self-esteem feel dissonance.

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Elliot, Andrew J., and Patricia G. Devine. "On the motivational nature of cognitive dissonance: Dissonance as psychological discomfort." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67, no. 3 (1994): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.67.3.382.

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32

Cooper, Joel. "Unlearning Cognitive Dissonance: Toward an Understanding of the Development of Dissonance." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 34, no. 6 (November 1998): 562–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1998.1365.

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33

Greitemeyer, Tobias, Eva Jonas, and Dieter Frey. "Einführung des Euro: Akzeptanz oder Reaktanz bei den betroffenen Bürgern?" Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 32, no. 3 (September 2001): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024//0044-3514.32.3.201.

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Summary: Two studies tested the opposite predictions of reactance and dissonance theory with regard to the responses of the Germans to the introduction of the Euro. Reactance theory predicts that persons who are convinced that the Euro will replace the DM evaluate the Euro more negatively than less convinced persons. In contrast, dissonance theorists would expect that the convinced persons assess the Euro more favorably than persons who still have some doubts that the introduction of the Euro will indeed happen. In accordance with the predictions of dissonance theory, both studies revealed that the convinced persons evaluated the Euro more positively than the less convinced persons. Hence, it can be assumed that the Germans will accept their new currency. However, overall the DM was still preferred as compared to the Euro.

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Miller, Duane I., Jeff S. Topping, and Elisabeth N. Wells-Parker. "Ecological Dissonance and Organizational Climate." Psychological Reports 64, no. 1 (February 1989): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.1.163.

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Using some of the principles of cognitive dissonance theory, a theoretical corollary to Barker's 1968 ecological theory was developed. The result, referred to as ecological dissonance, was proposed as a theoretical explanation for several of the phenomena associated with the concept of organizational climate. The theory was also offered as an explanation of behaviors that can result from the introduction of stringent penalties for such offenses as driving-under-the-influence.

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Egan, Louisa C., Laurie R. Santos, and Paul Bloom. "The Origins of Cognitive Dissonance." Psychological Science 18, no. 11 (November 2007): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.02012.x.

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36

Wilder, David A. "Yes, Elliot, There Is Dissonance." Psychological Inquiry 3, no. 4 (October 1992): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0304_17.

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37

Watson, Robert J., and John H. Winkelman. "‘Perceived ownership’ or cognitive dissonance?" European Journal of Social Psychology 35, no. 3 (2005): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.255.

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Heine, Steven J., and Darrin R. Lehman. "Culture, Dissonance, and Self-Affirmation." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 23, no. 4 (April 1997): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167297234005.

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Within the framework of self-affirmation theory, the authors compared levels of dissonance reduction in the free-choice paradigm between a culture typical of an independent construal of self (Canadian) and a culture typical of an interdependent construal of self (Japanese). Whereas Canadian results virtually duplicated past self-affirmation findings with U.S. participants, Japanese results showed no dissonance reduction. This, the authors argue, is because such situations do not threaten core aspects of the interdependent self:

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39

Schoggen, Phil. "Dissonance from Willems on Fox." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 33, no. 6 (June 1988): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/025859.

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Voisin, Dimitri, and Valérie Fointiat. "Reduction in Cognitive Dissonance According to Normative Standards in the Induced Compliance Paradigm." Social Psychology 44, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000103.

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This study investigated the influence of the assessment of the discrepant act on dissonance reduction. In particular, we tested the influence of normative standards on a trivialization of the discrepant act and the assessment of research topic importance. The results suggest that dissonance reduction varies depending on whether the discrepant act is assessed as violating normative standards or not. In the cognitive dissonance state and in the absence of standards, performing a discrepant act leads individuals to trivialize it. However, when individuals perceive that the discrepant act violates normative standards, they reduce cognitive dissonance by overestimating the research topic. This result is interpreted in terms of the avoidance of negative consequences of social control reactions and the protection of self-concept.

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Piper, Mark. "Justifying Oneself." European journal of analytic philosophy 13, no. 1 (2017): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/ejap.13.1.2.

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At present, the activity of justifying oneself is mostly discussed in psychology, where it is typically viewed as a negative or at least regrettable activity involving changing one’s attitudes, beliefs, and feelings in order to minimize psychological threats arising from cognitive dissonance. Yet there is conceptual space, even a need, for an analysis of justifying oneself that is more content-neutral in nature. In this paper I provide such an analysis. Along the way I also briefly canvass some of the empirical work on self- justification in psychology and gesture towards issues surrounding the normative significance of the practice of justifying oneself.

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Blanton, Hart, Brett W. Pelham, Tracy DeHart, and Mauricio Carvallo. "Overconfidence as Dissonance Reduction." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 37, no. 5 (September 2001): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jesp.2000.1458.

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Davis, William L. "Economists' Uses for Cognitive Dissonance: An Interdisciplinary Note." Psychological Reports 73, no. 3_suppl (December 1993): 1179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3f.1179.

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Since its publication in 1957, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance by Festinger has generated much discussion and debate among psychologists. In recent years economists have begun employing this theory to explain economic behavior and various other economic issues. This research note summarizes some of the economic studies in which cognitive dissonance has been employed. As discussed, the application of this theory is gaining some popularity with economists.

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Mislavskaya, N. "Cognitive Dissonance in the Professional Activity of an Accountant." Auditor 7, no. 8 (September 13, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1998-0701-2021-7-8-49-54.

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Th e article focuses on the issue of increasing the activity of members of the professional community in the field of accounting science and practice regarding the methodological component of accounting knowledge. Based on the fundamental approaches of the logic of scientifi c research and the postulates of social psychology, the author identifi es the problem and comes to the conclusion that there is a psychological background to the professional behavior of colleagues, as a result, a contradiction is revealed between the true attitude of accountants to the ongoing reformation changes and their publicly expressed position. Th e very awareness of the causes of what is happening is an indispensable condition for restoring the atmosphere of free scientifi c and practical discussions.

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Xanthopoulou, Despoina, Arnold B. Bakker, and Andrea Fischbach. "Work Engagement Among Employees Facing Emotional Demands." Journal of Personnel Psychology 12, no. 2 (January 2013): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000085.

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This two-wave study examined work engagement as a function of personal resources and emotionally demanding conditions at work. We hypothesized that personal resources (self-efficacy and optimism) buffer the effect of emotional demands and emotion-rule dissonance on work engagement. Furthermore, we expected that emotional demands/dissonance boost the effect of personal resources on work engagement. One-hundred sixty-three employees, who provide service to customers, participated at both measurement times. Analyses supported (a) the buffering hypothesis, since emotional demands and dissonance related negatively to work engagement when self-efficacy – but not optimism – was low, and (b) the boosting hypothesis, since self-efficacy – but not optimism – related positively to engagement particularly when emotional demands and dissonance were high.

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Sénémeaud, Cécile, and Alain Somat. "Dissonance Arousal and Persistence in Attitude Change." Swiss Journal of Psychology 68, no. 1 (February 2009): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.68.1.25.

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If dissonance theory rightly predicts short-term attitude changes, it has yet to prove its ability to predict long-term changes. Therefore, this paper will try to assess the persistence in attitude change following dissonance arousal in an induced-compliance paradigm. To this end, undergraduate students took part in two induced-compliance experiments (N = 52 in Study 1 and N = 40 in Study 2) following a 2 (free choice vs. no choice) X 2 (time of measure: short vs. long term) mixed design. The attitude change was measured immediately after the counterattitudinal essay and one month later. The results suggest that dissonance-provoked attitude change is durable over time. In fact, only the participants in the free-choice condition changed their attitude in the short term; their attitude change persisted one month after the experimental situation.

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Ding, Ningning, and Bing Liu. "Chinese public sector employees’ age, emotional dissonance, work meaningfulness, and perceived stress." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 47, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7280.

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Researchers have focused on how to improve the high-stress environment for those working in China’s public sector, but neglected to consider the moderating effect of age of employees. Using data from 410 public sector employees in Shandong Province, China, we investigated the effects of emotional dissonance and work meaningfulness on employees’ perceived level of stress, and the moderating effect of age on those effects. Results indicated that work meaningfulness reduced participants’ perceived stress levels, and that emotional dissonance increased perceived stress, which is consistent with previous research findings. Further, age played a moderating role by weakening the effect of work meaningfulness, but the moderating effect of age on emotional dissonance was nonsignificant. Managers of public sectors should be aware of the differences between older and younger employees and adopt appropriate practices to help employees deal with their work stress.

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Hinojosa, Amanda S., William L. Gardner, H. Jack Walker, Claudia Cogliser, and Daniel Gullifor. "A Review of Cognitive Dissonance Theory in Management Research." Journal of Management 43, no. 1 (September 24, 2016): 170–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206316668236.

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Since its introduction to the social psychology literature 60 years ago, Festinger’s cognitive dissonance theory (CDT) has been frequently applied to the management literature to explain and predict the motivational nature of dissonance in producing attitude and behavior change in managerial decision making and the broader organizational context. Yet many of the popular constructs that stem from CDT have since lost touch with more recent developments in the field of origin. In this paper, we provide a review of the key constructs and predictions associated with CDT from Festinger’s early work to the latest developments. We then review key management research that has incorporated CDT. Drawing from the latest refinements to CDT, we describe how future management studies could benefit by integrating these refinements into their theoretical frameworks, rather than simply relying on Festinger’s seminal work on the 60th anniversary of its publication (1957).

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Chiou, Wen-Bin. "Attitudes of Faculty Members toward Teaching Online Courses: View from Dissonance Theory." Psychological Reports 101, no. 1 (August 2007): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.1.39-46.

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Based upon the perspective of external justification in dissonance theory, a survey was conducted to identify possible predictors of faculty members' attitudes toward teaching online courses. The predictors of satisfaction with reward, effort, and personal freedom were positively correlated with participants' attitudes after teaching online courses but commitment and responsibility were not. These accounted for very little variance. The practical implications for motivating college teachers not initially interested in online courses are discussed in the context of dissonance theory.

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Kunda, Ziva. "Can Dissonance Theory Do It All?" Psychological Inquiry 3, no. 4 (October 1992): 337–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0304_11.

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