Relevant bibliographies by topics / Distance relay

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Distance relay'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Distance relay"

1

Sriram, Cholleti, and Y. Kusumalatha. "Three zone detection and distance relay co-ordination of power system protection." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp919-928.

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To secure the transmission lines against power system faults, the distance relays are mostly used. Distance relay has its own Resistance (R)–Reactance (X) characteristics. Co-ordination of different distance relays is necessary for the fast operation of circuit breaker. Various distance relays which are being tripped with respect to circuit breakers which are attached at individual buses faraway from each other. These relays will be operated with respect to the distance between the occurred fault and relay location. In this paper, detection of three zones using relay characteristics, co-ordination of distance relays and circuit breakers are shown with the faults placed at different locations of an IEEE Nine bus system using MATLAB/Simulink GUI environment. A comparison also made between the relays performance and circuit breaker tripping operation with respect to severe faults at different locations on IEEE Nine bus system.
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Zulkarnaini, Zulkarnaini, and Muhammad Rizki. "Study of Coordination on Protection Relay in High Voltage Transmission 150 kV (Payakumbuh – Koto Padang, West Sumatra)." MATEC Web of Conferences 215 (2018): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821501021.

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The disturbance of the high voltage transmission can be caused by a short circuit, overload, lightning surge, and other natural disturbances. That disturbance can lead to disruption of the distribution of electricity and damage to the electric power system installation equipment. A reliable protection system that can identify the disturbance quickly and also can securing affected parts of the system from other parts that can still operate normally are needed. Protection system operation may fail due to various factors; therefore, in addition to primary protection required backup protection that can work as primary protection fails to work. Distance relays can be used as primary protection as well as remote backup protection on high-voltage transmission. While overcurrent relay (OCR) and ground fault relay (GFR) is used as a local backup if distance relay failed to work. This research conducted a study of protection relays coordination for primary protection or backup protection on the high-voltage transmission that connects to Payakumbuh substation and Koto Panjang substation. Coordination is done by calculating the distance relay settings that use as primary protection as well as remote backup protection relay settings and calculating the overcurrent and ground fault relay that used as local backup protection. From the calculation, we get setting time to coordinate distance relay, overcurrent relay, and ground fault relay. Setting time was conducted to the first zone of the distance relay within 0 sec, and the second zone within 0.4 sec and third zone within 1.2 sec. For overcurrent relay and ground fault relay use time delay 1 second where the value is above the value that used in the second zone of distance relay. Distance relay can be coordinated with the auto-reclose relay to close the circuit breaker automatically sometime after a temporary disturbance. Setting that use to auto reclose relay is dead time 1 second and reclaim time 40 second. The coordination between the distance relay with auto-reclose relay can improve the quality of distribution of electrical energy.
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Omorogiuwa, Eseosa, and Wonodi Ikonwa. "Distance Relay Protection Improvement of Alaoji-Afam 330kV Transmission Line." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.9.865.

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Fault resistance influences the operation of distance relays, thus causing it to give inaccurate impedance measurement, thus resulting to under-reach condition. .Trip report of fault occurrence in Alaoji-Afam 330kV line showed the effect of fault resistance on the relay operation. This paper seek to improve distance relay performance in terms of reliability, speed and selectivity on Alaoji-Afam 330kV transmission line, when fault resistance is present through adjustment of protected zone reach using NEPLAN software to model and simulate distance relay used for this study. Several simulations were run and the results showed good improvement of distance relay operation in handling fault conditions. Adjustment of the protected zone reach was done to compensate for the effect of high fault resistance on distance relay operation.
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Omorogiuwa, Eseosa, and Wonodi Ikonwa. "Distance Relay Protection Improvement of Alaoji-Afam 330kV Transmission Line." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, no. 9 (September 30, 2018): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.9.865.

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Fault resistance influences the operation of distance relays, thus causing it to give inaccurate impedance measurement, thus resulting to under-reach condition. .Trip report of fault occurrence in Alaoji-Afam 330kV line showed the effect of fault resistance on the relay operation. This paper seek to improve distance relay performance in terms of reliability, speed and selectivity on Alaoji-Afam 330kV transmission line, when fault resistance is present through adjustment of protected zone reach using NEPLAN software to model and simulate distance relay used for this study. Several simulations were run and the results showed good improvement of distance relay operation in handling fault conditions. Adjustment of the protected zone reach was done to compensate for the effect of high fault resistance on distance relay operation.
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Stošić, Andrea, Ante Marušić, and Juraj Havelka. "Transmission lines protection using SIPROTEC numerical relays." Journal of Energy - Energija 66, no. 1-4 (June 23, 2022): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2017661-4103.

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This paper analyses the fundamental principles of distance protection relays while highlighting the importance of correct relay parameterising through a set of relay tests. Numerical distance relays can have up to 6 distance zones, and nowadays most of them have a quadrilateral (polygonal) characteristic. The specific objective of this study was to apply those principles on a SIPROTEC distance protection 7SA611 relay with the help of Omicron CMC 56 testing device, as well as to describe the testing process. As a part of the testing, DIGSI and Test Universe Software were used. Experimental results confirm the theoretical principles of distance protection and show the advantages of numerical relays. This paper concludes that optimal choice of reach settings and time delays between the zones, as well as zone directions, can significantly impact the selectivity of the protection system, and therefore the scope and time of the outage.
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Al-Kaoaz, Hiba Nadhim A., and Ahmed Nasser B. Alsammak. "Performance enhancement of distance relay in presence of unified power flow controller." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, no. 3 (September 1, 2023): 1577. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i3.pp1577-1588.

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The characteristics of the distance relay are devised based on online and fault impedance. The relay uses fault information to react to the expected state; however, integrating the grid with a unified power flow controller (UPFC) might stop the relay from fault-triggered operations, requiring altered relay characteristics. Building relay tripping parameters are among the critical challenges that must be addressed for transmission line distance relays because current transmission networks face higher stress regarding power system operation. Furthermore, the use of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) instruments at the transmission level adversely affects distance relay performance due to impedance differences. The UPFC is among the essential FACTS instruments; it comprises shunt and series converters to alter the apparent relay impedance; hence, it was considered for this study, where a test system during fault was assessed to demonstrate the output of the distance relay before and after using the UPFC. MATLAB was used to build scenarios demonstrating the effect of a UPFC located in the transmission line's midsection or end or not using the UPFC. This research offers an analytical technique to determine the probable effects of UPFC on distance relay characteristics. The outcomes provide new relay characteristics for several fault resistances and locations for fault-specific impedance trajectory reactions.
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Al Kazzaz, Sa’ad Ahmed S., Ibrahim Ismaeel, and Karam Khairullah Mohammed. "Fault detection and location of power transmission lines using intelligent distance relay." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp726-734.

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The aim of this paper is to design a three-phase distance relay using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system algorithm (ANFIS). The proposed relay is used to protect the power transmission lines where they are subjected to faults continuously. These faults may produce a high electric current which leads to high damage in power system equipment. The relay is used to detect the transmission line faults by measuring the voltage and current values for each phase. The line impedance is then calculated to detect the faults and issue instantaneous trip signal to circuit breaker, to separate the fault zone of the transmission line without affecting the work of other relays. To isolate the faulty line without affecting the other lines within the network the relays were trained using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The obtained results through this work show that the designated distance relay with (ANFIS) algorithm has the ability to detect the faults occurrence, recognize it from the cases of the disturbance and to isolate only the fault zone without affecting the work of other relays in system.
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Muljono, Agung Budi. "DISTANCE RELAY PROTECTION COORDINATION ANALYSIS OF HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE 150 KV LOMBOK POWER SYSTEM." DIELEKTRIKA 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/dielektrika.v7i1.230.

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Lombok electrical system has been operating a 150kV high voltage transmission line and has been developing continuously. High voltage transmission line construction is an effort to improve electrical system quality and reliability. Thus, good protection is needed to maintain the distribution reliability of electrical power. One of the relays used in the Lombok electrical protection system is a distance relay. Distance relay works as the main protection in the transmission system by measuring fault impedance value based on current and voltage detected by the relay. This study illustrates how to calculate distance relay setting impedance in Z1pri, Z2pri and Z3pri then held a short-circuit simulation in software ETAP 7.5 to examine it. Setting calculation result of distance relay in Ampenan for Ampenan – Jeranjang line protection, with 3,25 Ω (7.543 km)line impedance, is Z1pri = 2.6057 Ω (6.0345 km), t1 = 0 second, Z2pri = 13.7056 Ω (31.7406 km), t2 = 0.4 second, Z3pri = 24.7209 Ω (57.2508 km), t3 = 1.2 second. Relay’s setting impedance is larger than fault impedance detected by the relay, so that distance relay has been able to protect the system. This study may also show graphic of setting impedance and time coordination from distance relay for every protection area section.
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Taher, Menna, Mohamed Abaza, Mostafa Fedawy, and Moustafa Aly. "Relay Selection Schemes for FSO Communications over Turbulent Channels." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071281.

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Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication has attracted the attention of the researchers in the last decade due to its high data rate, security, and low cost. Relay-assisted techniques are used to divide the distance to shorter hops in order to mitigate the effects of turbulence, weather attenuation, pointing error, and geometric loss. Choosing an active relay per time slot has been proven to enhance the performance of the system and decrease the loading effect on the system when compared to all active relays. This paper investigates the best relay that can be selected according to the source to relay (S-R) channel coefficient, relay to destination (R-D) channel coefficient, and source to destination (S-D) channel coefficient. A comprehensive comparison is applied to the three following cases: (a) Broadcast phase from source to relay to select the best (Proactive-Relay); (b) Broadcast phase from relay to destination after broadcasting to all relays then select (Reactive-relays); and, (c) Direct link from source-to-best relay-to-destination to conclude which method is better for different scenarios, such as turbulence regime, number of relays, different pointing error effect, and severity of S-R as compared to R-D and vice versa. The selection methods regard to four aspects: (1) Number of relays (two or three relays); (2) Distance between Source-Relay and Relay-Destination (D = 400–600 m, 500–500 m, and 600–400 m); (3) The different turbulence of Log-normal channel and Gamma-Gamma channel (with a refractive index coefficient( C n 2 = 0.5 × 10−14, 2 × 10−14 and 5 × 10−14)); and finally, (4) Beam waist ω z (pointing error).
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Henna, Mohamed Younes E., and Sayed A. Nagy. "Prevention of Cascaded Events of Distance Relay Zone Three Using Logic Controls." Conference Papers in Engineering 2013 (June 2, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/198021.

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This paper presents a new method to prevent cascaded events caused by zone 3 elements of distance relays due to transmission line overload by using logic controls. A proposed adaptive distance relay algorithm provides a new concept to distinguish between actual faults and flow transfers and secures time to perform remedial controls by a defense system during cascaded events. Maloperation of distance relay is a very critical situation, leading to more operation of other distance relays and finally partial or total blackout. Logic controls are used to insure the operating decision through observing the system parameters and compare it with a setting already being input to the system. When distance relay is activated and the logic controls find that the system is healthy (unfaulted) and that the activation resulted from transmission line overload not real fault, the operation signal will be blocked to protect the system from maloperation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distance relay"

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Li, Hongwei. "A new adaptive distance relay." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0025/NQ51646.pdf.

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Abyaneh, Hossein Askarian. "Assessment of IDMT and distance relay settings." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332331.

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Erezzaghi, M. "The effects of FACTS devices on distance relay." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426704.

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Smith, David Matthew. "Next-generation, phasor-based distance relay with fault-path resistance immunity." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063727/.

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Wang, Hualei. "The protection of transmission networks containing AC and DC circuits." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655718.

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In 14th August 2003, the Northeast USA suffered its worst power outage event in history. The power disturbance spreading through the system caused mal-trips of the distance relay remote back-up protections, which indeed contributed to the power outage cascading a wide area. The power outage in the Northeast USA was constrained by the presence of HVDC interconnections between the HVAC networks in Ontario and New York. The system collapse did not progress beyond the HVDC interconnection interface with Quebec. The HVDC link can regulate the voltage and current therefore impacts on the performance of the protection and system stability. The distance relay mal-operations were one of the main cause of the Northeast USA blackout as well as the other recent major large area blackouts which were pointed out by the previous papers. This thesis is focus on investigate how HVDC interconnections contribute to maintaining the power system stability. The research work investigated the performance of a distance relay to faults and disturbance on networks containing HVDC interconnection. The research work was carried out by modelling and testing a classic signal processing distance relay in a simple AC network which was based on Kunder’s two areas system using MATLAB/SIMULINK at first. Then the modeled distance relay’s performance was investigated by combining the distance relay and a simple HVDC link based on the Kunder’s two areas system. The research work firstly combined the signal processing distance relay and the HVDC link together to investigate the distance relay’s performance when the protected feeder containing DC link. The distance relay’s performance was investigated when the protected feeders containing HVDC link under fault conditions and power swing conditions. For comparison, a similar power system without HVDC link was also simulated.
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Harris, Raymond Trevor. "Replacement of seven 132/66 kv distance protection schemes by means of a generic relay implemented as a strategic spare." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/34.

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Eskom is experiencing problems in the field of protection maintenance and in-service breakdowns which negatively influence the quality of electrical supply to the consumer, an integral component of the utility business. These facts initiated the research into the further development of a generic relay to be implemented as a strategic spare for the replacement of several schemes operating within Eskom’s southern region. These include the electromechanical, solid state and numerical distance protection relay and scheme failures on the 132 / 66 kV feeder network. Hence, the primary objective of the research is to develop, test and configure the strategic spare in terms of software and peripheral hardware for the input and output terminal connections, generic equations and settings for the purpose of the scheme replacements. The various schemes are assessed for stepped distance and permissive intertripping for three or single pole operation. This is done in conjunction with the internal and external circuit diagrams in order to understand the detailed operation of the scheme and to ensure the effective implementation of the strategic spare. The generic relay is configured for the emergency replacement of the various schemes during in-service breakdowns. This constitutes a temporary installation and therefore the downtime in essence, of all the distance protection schemes that require replacement, is limited to a minimum. This dissertation therefore explores the implementation of the strategic spare.
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Bartko, Jan. "Projekt komunikace distančních ochran 7SA 610 pro chránění přenosového vedení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219032.

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This work describes the structure and function of the distance protection relay Siemens 7SA610 SIPROTEC and presents the basic theoretical knowledge of the communication standard IEC 61850 at the beginning. It focuses on the configuration of the topology of two 7SA610 distance protection relays, PC and secondary relay test set Omicron CMC256 +. These two distance protection relays were programmed by using software implement DIGSI to transmit and receive GOOSE messages. It served to testing this created network by simple function. Computer and tester simulated the control system and commanded auto-reclosure to the first distance protection. Instruction was processed and also sended to the second distance protection. The final objective was to measure the tranfer time of GOOSE message between two distance protection relays. There was used a secondary tester. This measurement was implemented the tester Omicron CMC 256 +, which involves extending the NET-1 and so is compatible with the standard IEC 61850. The results and further actions are summarized in conclusion.
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Іванов, Олександр Олександрович, Александр Александрович Иванов, Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Ivanov, О. І. Ігнатова, and С. О. Іванов. "Моделювання дистанційного захисту лінії електропередач в програмному комплексі PSCAD/EMTDC." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41389.

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Стійка робота електричних станцій у великій мірі забезпечується за рахунок надійної роботи релейного захисту їх електрообладнання. В даний час, що характеризуються збільшенням числа аварійних ситуацій, а також зростанням кількості випадків виникнення супутніх ушкоджень, роль релейного захисту постійно зростає. У багатьох випадках через відносну недосконалість релейного захисту не можна запобігти розвитку аварій, які все частіше протікають по найбільш важкому шляху і супроводжуються значними економічними втратами.
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Shah, Syed Arif Ullah. "The impacts of series compensated EHV lines on distance protection, and a proposed new mitigation solution." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209916.

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Series compensation is extensively applied to the transmission lines to increase the power transfer capability of transmission lines, reduce transmission losses, improve voltage profiles, and improve power oscillation damping and transient stability of power systems. But it modifies the apparent impedance of the transmission lines during fault conditions and might cause the distance protection of transmission lines to encounter directional discrimination issues and reach problems. The non-linear characteristic of metal oxide varistor in series compensation model creates further complexity to the fault analysis and might affects the performance of conventional distance protection scheme. The distance protection issues in the series compensated lines need to be addressed for the reliable and sustainable operation of power system.The directional discrimination issues related to current inversion and voltage inversion phenomenon, and reach problems related to sub-synchronous oscillation phenomenon are addressed in this thesis report. This report aims to analyse the impacts of series compensation on the performance of conventional distance relays, and proposes a new protection solution to mitigate the shortcomings of distance relays in the series compensated lines. The proposed new protection solution includes: new tripping characteristic of quadrilateral distance relays to cope with the steady-state reach problems due to current or voltage inversion, and a new high-pass filtering technique to handle the transient reach problems due to SSO.The proposed new protection algorithm is developed in MATLAB. The performance of new protection algorithm is evaluated by simulating a 500 kV two-source power system with a 200 km series compensated line in EMTDC/ PSCAD (Manitoba Hydro). The proposed new protection solution is found to be beneficial.
Seriekompensation tillämpas i stor utsträckning på överföringsledningarna för att öka överföringsförmågan hos överföringsledningar, minska överföringsförluster, förbättra spänningsprofiler och förbättra effektdämpning och övergående stabilitet hos elsystem. Men det ändrar transmissionslinjernas uppenbara impedans under felförhållanden och kan orsaka att distansskydd för överföringsledningarna stöter på diskrimineringsproblem och uppnår problem. Den icke-linjära egenskapen hos metalloxidvaristor i seriekompensationsmodell skapar ytterligare komplexitet för felanalysen och kan påverka prestandan hos konventionella distansskyddssystem. Distansskydd problemen i seriekompenserade linjer måste lösas för en pålitlig och hållbar drift av elsystemet. De riktningsdiskrimineringsproblem som är relaterade till det aktuella inversions- och spänningsinversionsfenomenet och uppnår problem relaterade till subsynkron oscillationsfenomen tas upp i denna avhandlingsrapport. Denna rapport syftar till att analysera effekterna av seriekompensation för prestanda hos konventionella distansreläer och föreslår en ny skyddslösning för att mildra bristerna i distansreläerna i seriekompenserade linjer. Den föreslagna nya skyddslösningen innefattar: Ny utlösningskaraktäristik för fyrsidig distansreläer för att klara avståndet med stillastående / räckvidden på grund av ström- eller spänningsinversion och en ny högpassfiltreringsteknik för hantering av övergående över- Nå problem på grund av SSO. Den föreslagna nya skyddsalgoritmen har utvecklats i MATLAB. Utförandet av den nya skyddsalgoritmen utvärderas genom simulering av ett 500 kV två-källa kraftverk med en 200 km serie kompenserad linje i EMTDC / PSCAD (Manitoba Hydro). Den föreslagna nya skyddslösningen har visat sig vara fördelaktig.
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Valins, Thiago Ferreira. "Relé digital de distância baseado na teoria de ondas viajantes e transformada Wavelet." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-13032005-113736/.

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Neste trabalho, será abordada a proteção digital fundamentada na teoria de ondas viajantes e da ferramenta Transformada Wavelet. Um algoritmo completo para proteção digital foi implementado, consistindo basicamente nos módulos de detecção, classificação e localização da falta, com a conseqüente determinação das zonas de proteção do relé. Para este esquema completo de releamento, empregou-se como ferramenta de análise a Transformada Wavelet. Sinais transitórios de alta freqüência gerados por uma situação de falta podem ser analisados pela Transformada Wavelet, detectando-se com precisão o instante de chegada das ondas em um ou nos dois terminais da linha. Conhecendo o instante de chegada dessas ondas e sua velocidade de propagação, a zona de proteção na qual a falta está alocada pode ser estimada de maneira fácil e rápida. A capacidade de acusar com precisão os instantes de chegada das ondas torna a Transformada Wavelet adequada ao problema de determinação das zonas de proteção. Nessa implementação, o usuário pode escolher entre as técnicas de aquisição de dados provenientes de um ou de dois terminais. O algoritmo foi implementado através do software Matlabâ e posteriormente testado, quando se utilizaram dados de faltas obtidos através de simulações no software ATP (Alternative Transients Program). Nas simulações aplicadas a este software, considerou-se um sistema de transmissão de 440 kV. As simulações produziram uma base de dados, variando-se os seguintes parâmetros: tipos de faltas, localizações ao longo da linha, ângulos de incidência, resistências de faltas, entre outros. Pelos resultados alcançados, pode-se afirmar que a aplicação é bastante adequada para uso em relés digitais de distância.
The present work deals with digital protection based on the traveling wave theory and Wavelet transform. An complete algorithm for digital protection was implemented. It is composed of modules of fault detection, classification, location, with protection zone determination. For this complete relaying scheme the Wavelet transform was employed as analysis tool. Transient signals of high frequency generated by the fault occurrence was analyzed by the Wavelet transform, and also the instant of the waves arrival was accurately detected in one or two terminals of the line. By knowing the instant of the arrival of the waves and their propagation velocity, the protection zone, in which the fault is located, can be estimated easily and quickly. The Wavelet transform property of accurate detection the instant of waves arrival make it appropriate to the problem of protection zone determination. In this implementation, the user can choose between the location techniques using data from one or two terminals. The algorithm was implemented by Matlab® software and then tested utilizing data of faults obtained by means of simulations of ATP software (Alternative Transients Program). In these simulations, a transmission line of 440 kV was considered. These simulations produced a database composed of various fault types considering different fault locations, fault inception angles and fault resistances. According to the analysis of the test results, it is possible to verify that the application is very adequate for use in digital distance relays.
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Books on the topic "Distance relay"

1

Foo, J. K. The effects of transients on distance relay performance. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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Takeshi, Miura. Daigaku ekiden kiroku jiten: Hakone, Izumo, Iseji. Tōkyō: Nichigai Asoshiētsu, 2015.

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Suga, Seiko. Ekiden gāruzu. Tōkyō: Kadokawa, 2017.

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John, Atkins. Total area networking: ATM, IP, frame relay, and SMDS explained. 2nd ed. Chichester, England: Wiley, 1999.

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Minnesota. Telecommunications Access for Communication Impaired Persons., ed. Report to the Minnesota Legislature on the reasonableness of charging for toll calls made through the Minnesota relay service. [Minn.]: State of Minnesota Telecommunications Access for Communication-Impaired Persons Board, 1994.

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Analysis of distance protection. Letchworth, Hertfordshire, England: Research Studies Press, 1985.

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1934-2001, Schaap Dick, ed. Distant replay. New York, NY: Jove, 1986.

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1934-, Schaap Dick, ed. Distant replay. New York: G.P. Putnam, 1985.

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John, Atkins. Total area networking. Chichester: Wiley, 1995.

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Aktiengesellschaft, Siemens, ed. Numerical distance protection: Principles and application / Gerhard Ziegler ; [editor, Siemens AG]. 2nd ed. Munich: Publicis Corporate Pub., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Distance relay"

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Sportiello, Luigi, and Andrea Ciardulli. "Long Distance Relay Attack." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 69–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41332-2_5.

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Avoine, Gildas, Ioana Boureanu, David Gérault, Gerhard P. Hancke, Pascal Lafourcade, and Cristina Onete. "From Relay Attacks to Distance-Bounding Protocols." In Security of Ubiquitous Computing Systems, 113–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10591-4_7.

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AbstractWe present the concept of relay attacks, and discuss distance-bounding schemes as the main countermeasure. We give details on relaying mechanisms, we review canonical distance-bounding protocols, as well as their threat-model (i.e., covering attacks beyond relaying) stemming from the authentication dimension in distance bounding. Advanced aspects of distance-bounding security are also covered. We conclude by presenting what we consider to be the most important challenges in distance bounding.
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Desai, Jignesh Kumar P., and Vijay Makwana. "Power Swings with Distance Relay and PMU." In Energy Systems in Electrical Engineering, 15–23. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9546-0_2.

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Rajalwal, Nilesh Kumar, and Debomita Ghosh. "Superseding Mal-Operation of Distance Relay Under Stressed System Conditions." In Power Systems, 393–421. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54275-7_15.

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Roy, Saptarshi, P. Suresh Babu, and N. V. Phanendra Babu. "Optimal Combined Overcurrent and Distance Relay Coordination Using TLBO Algorithm." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 121–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1592-3_9.

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Kim, Chong Hee, and Gildas Avoine. "RFID Distance Bounding Protocol with Mixed Challenges to Prevent Relay Attacks." In Cryptology and Network Security, 119–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10433-6_9.

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Pham, Le Nam Hai, and Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt. "Distance Protection Relay Testing Using Virtual Hardware-in-the-Loop Device." In Transactions on Computer Systems and Networks, 379–424. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0224-8_13.

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Lee, Sanghwan. "Exploiting Network Distance Based Euclidean Coordinates for the One Hop Relay Selection." In Management Enabling the Future Internet for Changing Business and New Computing Services, 527–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04492-2_69.

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Piramuthu, Selwyn. "Addressing Relay Attacks Without Distance-Bounding in RFID Tag Inclusion/Exclusion Scenarios." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 147–56. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5758-9_13.

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Ouadi, Abderrahmane, and Hamid Bentarzi. "A New Computer Based Quadrilateral Distance Relay Framework for Power Transmission Lines." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 483–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7262-5_55.

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Conference papers on the topic "Distance relay"

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Philip, David G., and Arun Rajendran. "Numerical conic distance relay." In 2015 International Conference on Innovations in Information,Embedded and Communication Systems (ICIIECS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciiecs.2015.7193235.

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Kasztenny, Bogdan, and Dale Finney. "Fundamentals of Distance Protection." In 2008 61st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2008.4515045.

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Glazyrin, Vladimir E., Ilya I. Litvinov, Anatoliy A. Osintsev, and Ekaterina I. Frolova. "Automation of Distance Relay Testing." In 2019 20th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edm.2019.8823241.

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Costello, David, and Karl Zimmerman. "Distance Element Improvements - A Case Study." In 2008 61st Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2008.4515058.

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Calero, Fernando. "Distance elements: Linking theory with testing." In 2009 62nd Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2009.4982524.

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Apostolov, A., and B. Vandiver. "Testing of advanced distance protection relays." In 2009 62nd Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2009.4982525.

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Rincon, Cesar, and Joe Perez. "Calculating loadability limits of distance relays." In 2012 65th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2012.6201255.

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Popovic, Lj M. "New digital algorithm for distance relay." In 2005 IEEE Russia Power Tech. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptc.2005.4524448.

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Oda, S. "A new advanced digital distance relay." In 3rd International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management (APSCOM 95). IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19951230.

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Sarwade, A. N., P. K. Katti, and J. G. Ghodekar. "Adaptive solutions for distance relay settings." In Energy Conference (IPEC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipecon.2010.5697046.

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Reports on the topic "Distance relay"

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McDermott, Thomas E., Jeffrey D. Doty, James G. O'Brien, Crystal R. Eppinger, and Tamara Becejac. Cybersecurity for Distance Relay Protection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1602545.

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Noack, Anika. Knowledge and Technology Transfer under Digital Conditions: Transfer Intermediaries in Eastern Germany and the Role of Digital Means, Trust and Face-to-Face Interactions. Technische Hochschule Wildau, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15771/innohub_4.

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Even before the corona pandemic broke out in 2020, the role of digitalisation became more and more apparent within Knowledge and Technology Transfer (KTT) processes. Since the pandemic,intermediary organisations that bridge the distance between academia and the world of business to pave the way for successful university-industry linkages have not primarily been able to build on face-to-face-encounters to create those relations. Based on an ongoing research project, this paper examines how digitally mediated communications potentially enhance or limit knowledge and technology transfer that is primarily based on face-to-face interactions.On the one hand, the use of digitally mediated communications seem to foster the spatial expansion of networks, save travel times and costs and foster a special form of social inclusion. University-industry-relations, on the other hand,still rely on a positive evaluation of face-to-face contacts and geographical proximity for trust to develop between heterogeneous partners. Here, actors with bridging functions like transfer scouts are vital in enabling a regular communicative exchange to create commitment, social cohesion and cooperation in digital contexts. Although the relevance of digitalised transfer processes has been increasing over time, an important set of activities, involving face-to-face contacts and co-location, currently still plays a major role for transfer intermediaries in university-industry-relations.
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