Dissertations / Theses: 'Distension'

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Jacobina, André Teixeira. "Clivagens partidárias: ARENA e MDB baianos em tempos de distensão (1974-1979)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11757.

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O tema dessa dissertação pertence ao estudo da história política e se situa no contexto da “distensão e abertura política no Brasil”. Nesse contexto analisamos as clivagens partidárias existentes na Arena e no MDB baianos, bem como a relação entre esses partidos. Para esse fim destacamos os discursos e debates dos deputados estaduais na Assembléia Legislativa. Analisamos também os períodos que antecedem as eleições de 1974, 1976 e 1978, os resultados eleitorais e a sua repercussão ou relação com as divisões partidárias. Buscamos, assim, traçar um perfil não propriamente dos líderes políticos baianos, mas sim dos seus grupos partidários, distinguindo as características das divisões do MDB e da Arena, além de narrar o processo que antecede a reorganização institucional ocorrida em 1979, com o final do bipartidarismo. The theme of this dissertation belongs to the study of political history and is situated in the context of "distension and opening policy in Brazil”. In this context we analyze the partisan divisions that exist in the Arena and the MDB Bahia, and the relationship between these parties. To this end we emphasize the speeches and debates of state representatives in the Legislative Assembly. We also analyze the periods prior to the elections of 1974, 1976 and 1978, the elections results and its impact or relation to partisan divisions. We seek, therefore, not exactly to draw a profile of political leaders from Bahia but of their party groups, distinguishing the characteristics of MDB and Arena divisions, as well as narrating the historical process prior to the institutional reorganization occurred in 1979, with the end of bipartisanship.
Salvador

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Agrawal, Anurag. "Bloating and distension in irritable bowel syndrome : studies on mechanisms and treatment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506242.

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Bloating and distension remain important and intrusive manifestations of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Although much of previous literature has used the the terms bloating and distension interchangeably, epidemiological data suggest that (i) distension is seen more commonly in IBS with constipation (IBS-C) compared with IBS with diarrhoea (JBS-D) patients (ii) bloating and distension seem to "correlate predominantly but not exclusively in IBS-C.

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EMPINET, OLIVIER. "Effet de la distension rectale sur la motricite colique du sujet constipe : etude electromyographique." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF1MS07.

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TSAKANIAS, IFRAH JUDITH. "Effets de la distension du rectum sur le comportement vesico-spincterien du paraplegique central." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11002.

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Santos, Valter Fausto dos 1959. "Estudo comparativo entre dois meios de distensão durante a histeroscopia diagnóstica em mulheres após a menopausa = Comparative study between two distension media during diagnostic hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309676.

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Orientador: Ilza Maria Urbano Monteiro
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Introdução: Atualmente, a histeroscopia é o procedimento padrão ouro para descrever a morfologia da cavidade uterina e a presença de lesões. Para a realização do procedimento é necessária a distensão da cavidade uterina. A distensão pode causar desconforto, dor e às vezes desistência do procedimento. Hoje em dia, duas técnicas de distensão têm sido utilizadas para a histeroscopia diagnóstica: com gás carbônico ou com coluna líquida (solução salina). Objetivos: Comparar a dor da paciente e a opinião do operador em relação à qualidade da imagem durante o procedimento, assim como a taxa de complicações do exame, relacionando-os com o tempo de duração do mesmo e características clínicas dessas mulheres, utilizando-se o gás carbônico (C02) ou solução salina como distensores da cavidade uterina. Sujeitos e método: Todas as mulheres após a menopausa que vieram encaminhadas da rede básica de saúde do município de Campinas ou região e dos ambulatórios de especialidades do CAISM/UNICAMP para realização de histeroscopia, no período de 07 de fevereiro de 2011 a 27 de fevereiro de 2012, foram convidadas a participar do estudo. Selecionou-se 140 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão e aceitaram participar do estudo. Foram então submetidas ao exame histeroscópico no ambulatório de Histeroscopia do DTG/CAISM/UNICAMP. A escolha da técnica para cada grupo foi feita por meio da randomização realizada através do programa SAS (distribuição de probabilidade uniforme) versão 9.2. A dor foi analisada pelo pesquisador, logo após a realização do exame, aplicando-se a escala visual analógica de dor (EVA). Os outros dados foram colhidos através de um questionário feito durante o exame e após o mesmo. Análise dos dados: Para a análise dos dados: dor, tempo de procedimento e qualidade da imagem, considerou-se um poder de 80% com um nível de significância de 5%. Foram utilizados teste t de Student, teste exato de Fisher, teste do qui quadrado e o teste não paramétrico de Mann Whitney, para comparação das médias de variáveis quantitativas. Resultados: Setenta e duas pacientes constituíram o grupo do CO2 e 68, o grupo da solução salina. A idade média, o tempo de menopausa e o índice de massa corporal (IMC) foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. O antecedente de cesárea foi maior no grupo do líquido (1,1±1,2) que no do gás (0,5±0,8) (p=0,0046). O escore médio de dor referido foi igual nos dois grupos, sendo (5,5±2,3 e 5,8±3,0), no grupo do CO2 e solução salina, respectivamente. O tempo total do exame foi maior no grupo da solução salina (3,5±1,57min) que com CO2 (2,6±1,55min) (p=0.0002). Quase a totalidade das pacientes aceitariam realizar o exame novamente (84,7% vs 89,7%, nos grupos de CO2 e líquido, respectivamente) (p=0.37). No grupo com líquido foi maior a taxa de falha por estenose de canal cervical (16,2%) que no grupo com gás (5,6%) (p=0.04). A qualidade da imagem foi considerada satisfatória em 100% e 96,3%, nos grupos com gás e líquido, respectivamente (p=0.37). Conclusões: A dor referida e a qualidade da imagem durante a histeroscopia diagnóstica foram iguais quando se utillizou CO2 ou líquido. A taxa de falha por estenose cervical, o antecedente de cesárea e o tempo total de procedimento foram maiores no grupo do líquido
Abstract: Presently hysteroscopy has been a "gold-standard" procedure to describe the morphology of the uterine cavity and the presence of lesions. The distension of the uterine cavity is necessary for the procedure and may cause discomfort, pain and sometimes its interruption. Two distension techniques have been utilized for the diagnostic hysteroscopy: one with carbon dioxide and another with liquid column (saline solution).Objectives: To compare the patient's pain and the surgeon's opinion in relation to the quality of the image during the procedure as well as the rate of complications of the test, relating them to their duration and clinical characteristics of the patients utilizing either carbon dioxide (CO2) or saline solution as distension media. Subjects and Method: All the post-menopausal women sent from health services of Campinas and neighboring cities and CAISM UNICAMP for the hysteroscopy procedure from February 7,2011 to February 27,2012 were invited to participate of the study. 140 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected and underwent an office hysteroscopy at the DTG/CAISM/UNICAMP center. The technique was chosen by SAS program randomization distribution of uniform probability version 9.2 and reported to the patient afterwards. The pain was analyzed by the researcher soon after the procedure applying the visual analogue scale (VAS). The other data were collected by means of a questionnaire during and after the procedure. Data Analysis: For the analysis of pain, time of procedure and image quality an 80% power with 5% significance level was considered. The student't test, the exact Fisher's test, the square qui test and the Mann Witney test were utilized to compare the averages of the quantitative variables. Results: 72 and 68 patients comprised the CO2 saline solution groups, respectively. The average age, date of the last period and mass body index (MBI) were similar in both groups. The previous cesarean section was higher in the saline solution group (1.1±1.2) then in the CO2 group (0.5±0.8) ( p= 0.0046) . The pain average score was the same in both groups, i.e. (5.5±2.3) and (5.8±3.0) in the CO2 and saline solution groups, respectively. The total time of the procedure was longer in the saline solution group (3.5±1.57 minutes) than in the CO2 group (2.6±1.55 min) ( p= 0.0002). Almost all patients agreed on undergoing the procedure again ( 84.7% vs 89.7% in the CO2 and saline solution groups respectively)(p=0.37). The rate of failure by cervical stenosis was higher in the saline solution group (16.2%) than in the group CO2 group (5.6%)(p=0.04).The image quality was satisfactory (100% in the saline solution group and 96.3% in the CO2 group(p=0.37).Conclusions: Both pain and image quality during the diagnostic hysteroscopy were the same. The rate of failure by cervical stenosis, the cesarean section and the total time of the procedure were higher in the saline solution group
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Ginecológica
Mestre em Tocoginecologia

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Mbanya, J. N. "Effects of ruminal administration of acetate, propionate and distension on forage intake by dairy cows." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383900.

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王, 鋳人. "Cell Distension-Induced Increase of the Delayed Rectifier K^+ Current in Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes." Kyoto University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/202144.

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Larsson, Marie. "Sensory and secretory responses to intestinal distension : implications for the pathophysiology of the irritable bowel syndrome /." Göteborg : Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4581.

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Ramadan, Mohamed R. M. "Effect of distension of the urinary bladder on activity in efferent vagal and renal nerve fibres." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235641.

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Obid, Abdol-Z. M. "Détermination de direction de compression et de distension par la microtectonique cassante dans la région de Montpellier." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376085193.

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Obid, Abdol Z. M. "Détermination des directions de compression et de distension, par la microtectonique cassante, dans la région de Montpellier." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20008.

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L'etude microtectonique des series jurassique, cretace, tertiaire des environs de montpellier a partir des mesures de direction des fentes, stries, stylolites et failles notamment par la methode des contraintes optimales a permis de determiner la direction de la compression eocene et des distensions posterieures. Mise en evidence des champs de contraintes regionales simples auxquels se superposent des perturbations dont l'origine est discutee

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Neves, JosÃ Ricardo Cunha. "The rectal distension increases the rates of the transient relaxations from the sphincter lower esophageal in anesthesia hounds." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13466.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Relaxamentos transitÃrios (rTEEI) do esfÃncter esofÃgico inferior (EEI), sÃo caracterizados como quedas da pressÃo do EEI aos nÃveis da pressÃo intragÃstrica, nÃo precedidos por deglutiÃÃo. rTEEI sÃo o principal mecanismo da doenÃa do refluxo gastresofÃgico (DRGE). Objetivamos avaliar o efeito da distensÃo retal sobre a taxa de rTEEI, assim como os mecanismos neurohumorais relacionados a esse fenÃmeno em cÃes. Utilizamos (44) cÃes errantes, SRD(sem raÃa definida) machos (10-20Kg), obtidos do Centro de Controle de Zoonoses da Prefeitura Municipal de Sobral. Seguida anestesia (Ketamina12,5mg/kg + Xilasina 20mg/Kg - IM), um cateter de manometria esofÃgica foi introduzido per os e posicionado no estomago e esÃfago. Medimos as pressÃes intragÃstrica, do EEI e do corpo esofÃgico. O lÃmen central foi usado para distender o estomago com ar (50ml//kg,). JÃ distensÃo retal deu-se por meio de balÃo de lÃtex (5ml//kg,). Os animais foram submetidos a 3 protocolos experimentais sequenciais (n = 26): I) distensÃo gÃstrica (DG) isolada,II) distensÃo retal (DR) isolada e III) distensÃo gÃstrica + retal. Realizamos DR em outros trÃs grupos de animais apÃs prÃ-tratamentos famacolÃgicos i.v.: atropina (0,15 mg/kg/ n=4), hexametonio (10mg/kg/ n=4) ou baclofeno (7,0μg/Kg, n=3); ou cirÃrgicos: secÃÃo bilateral dos nervos pudendos (SNP/ n=4) ou transecÃÃo medular (L3-L4) (TM, n=4). Avaliamos a taxa, a latencia e a duraÃÃo dos rTEEI, bem como a pressÃo do EEI e gÃstrica. Em relaÃÃo ao perÃodo basal (2,8Â0,8 eventos/h) a DG, DR ou DG+DR aumentaram a taxa de rTEEI (6,0Â1,0; 5,2Â1,8 ou 9,5Â2,5 eventos/h, respectivamente, p<0,05). Os prÃ-tratamentos com atropina ou baclofeno, a TM ou SNP preveniram o aumento da taxa de rTEEI secundÃrio a DR. JÃ o prÃ-tratamento com hexametÃnio foi incapaz de prevenir o fenÃmeno . Os resultados indicam a presenÃa de um novo reflexo gastrintestinal, ora descrito como reflexo reto-esofÃgico. Este seria mediado pelos nervos pudendos via medula espinhal, com integraÃÃo no sistema nervoso central, dependente de transmissÃo GABAÃrgica e perifericamente dos receptores muscarÃnicos.
Transient relaxations (rTEEI) of the lower esophageal sphincter,are characterized like the Pressure drop of the EEI of the levels of the intragastric pressure,not preceded for the swallow. rTEEI are the main mechanism of the Gastroesophageal reflux disease (DRGE). we aim to evaluate the effects of the rectal distention about the rates of the Rteei,like the neuro-hormonal mechanisms related to this phenomenum in hounds. We used (44) wandering hounds, SRD( no distinct breed ) males (10-20 kg),obtained from the control center of the zoonoses from the City Hall of Sobral. Followed by anesthesia (Ketamina 12,5mg/kg + xilasina 20mg/kg-IM).An catheter of esophageal manometry was introduced per os and positioned in the esophageal and in the stomach. We measure the intragastric pressure,of the EEI and of the esophageal corps. The central lumen was used to distend the stomach with air (50ml/kg).The distention already occurred through the latex baloon (5ml/kg). The animals were submitted a 3 experimental sequential protocols (n = 26). gastric distention (GD) isolated,2)rectal distention(RD) isolated and 3) gastric distention and rectal. we performed RD in three others groups of hounds after pre treatments.three others groups of hounds after the pre treatments pharmacological i.v.: atropine (0,15 mg/kg n=4). hexamethonium (10mg/kg n=4) ou baclofen(7,o ug/kg, n=3) or cirurgic:bilateral section of the pudendal nerves(SNP,n=4) or spinal cord transection(L3-L4) (TM,N=4). We evaluate the rate ,the latency and duration of the rTEEI,as well as the pressure of the EEI and gastricin relation to the baseline period(2.8+or-0.8 events/h) a GD,RD or GD+RD increased the rate of the rTEEI(6.,0Â1,0 or-;5,2Â1,8 or 9,5Â2,5 events/h),respectively,p<0.05). The pre treatments with atrpine and baclofen, the TIM or SNP prevent the increase of the rate of the secondary rTEEI a DR. Already with the pre treatment with hexamethonium were capable of prevent the phenomenum. The results indicated the presence of one new gastrointestinal relfexs described as rectal esophageal reflex. This would be mediated via spinal nerves pudendal,with integration in the nervous central sistem,dependent of the transmission GABAÃgica and peripherally muscarinic receptor

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Rubio, Amandine. "Effet de l'anticipation sur les phénomènes douloureux liés à la distension rectale chez des patients ayant une maladie de Crohn en rémission : étude en IRM fonctionnelle." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENV012/document.

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La maladie de Crohn est caractérisée par l'alternance de phases de rémission et de poussées d'inflammation intestinale, de survenue imprévisible. L'objectif de la thèse était d'étudier l'effet, en terme d'activité cérébrale (IRMf), de l'incertitude dans l'anticipation de la survenue d'une douleur viscérale dans la MC en rémission. Les résultats majeurs montrent que dans la MC, cette phase est associée à une hyperactivation significative, par rapport au sujet sain, du cortex cingulaire antérieur et postérieur, de l'insula, du thalamus et de l'amygdale. Il s'agit de régions clés dans la gestion sensorielle, cognitive et émotionnelle de la douleur. En conclusion, la MC est associée à une hyperréactivité cérébrale liée au caractère incertain de la survenue d'une douleur viscérale. Ceci peut expliquer une plus grande vulnérabilité des patients face aux effets du stress sur leurs symptômes et le cours de leur maladie et l'efficacité des thérapies cognitivo-comportementales
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic recurring inflammatory bowel disease, with unpredictable recurrence of flares; this unpredictability leads to great anticipatory anxiety and stress. The aim of this thesis was to study the effect, in terms of brain activity (fMRI), of uncertainty in the anticipation of visceral pain in quiescent CD. Le main results show that in CD, uncertainty is associated with hyperactivity in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, insula, thalamus and amygdala. These are key regions in the regulation of sensory, cognitive and emotional aspects of pain. In conclusion, CD comprises excessive cerebral reactivity linked to the uncertain character of the occurrence of visceral pain. This might account for the greater vulnerability of CD patients towards the effects of stress on their symptoms and the course of their disease, as well as the efficacy of behavioral therapies that aim at modifying the activity of limbic structures

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Choufa, Tarik. "Analyse et traitement des signaux de manométrie digestive : contractions oesophagiennes, comportement du rectum et du canal anal après distension." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120073.

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Ce travail a pour objectif le developpement de methodes de traitement automatique des signaux de manometrie sophagienne ainsi que l'etude du comportement du rectum et du canal anal apres distension. ' signaux sophagiens le calcul de la densite spectrale de ces signaux a l'aide de methodes non parametriques met en evidence une activite a 0. 054 hz. L'analyse de fourier a court terme montre que cette frequence intervient aux instants d'apparition des ondes contractiles. Nous avons egalement compare deux methodes de detection des contractions sophagiennes. La premiere est basee sur la segmentation par histogramme et la classification par logique floue, la seconde sur le filtrage parallele des donnees. La localisation des frontieres de chaque contraction est effectuee par ces deux methodes, mais la premiere est plus precise. Le trace manometrique montre une rupture de phase des mouvements respiratoires lors de la traversee du diaphragme, c'est le point d'inversion respiratoire. Deux pistes successives sont a cet instant en opposition de phase. Nous proposons une methode automatique de mesure de la pression sophagienne au point d'inversion respiratoire basee sur l'analyse du produit des pistes filtrees. ' comportement du rectum et du canal anal apres distension nous proposons de caracteriser les relaxations du rectum et de l'anus par l'etude de leurs proprietes passives et actives. Les proprietes passives sont calculees a l'aide de l'enveloppe inferieure des courbes de relaxations par differents modeles (lineaire, exponentiel, weibull et antiparabolique). L'activite du rectum et du canal anal est definie par 3 parametres : la variation temporelle de la difference entre la courbe experimentale et son enveloppe inferieure, l'air qui se trouve entre ces deux courbes et enfin le spectre de cette activite. Les resultats permettent de distinguer les groupes de sujets constipes, incontinents et temoins. L'etude de la compliance anale et rectale constitue une nouvelle methode d'exploration fonctionnelle. Pour le rectum nous proposons un modele avec memoire. Il tient compte des deformations passees que subi le rectum. Pour la reponse du sphincter anal a la distension nous avons presente une classification des differents types de courbes de compliance.

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Helenius, Malin. "Investigation of Bladder Tumors with CT Urography in Patients Presenting with Gross Hematuria." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Enheten för radiologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-219390.

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Bladder tumor is the most common tumor detected in patients presenting with gross hematuria. Early detection and treatment is crucial for good prognosis, however, delay in diagnosis and treatment is common. Routine work-up of gross hematuria includes cystoscopy and Computed Tomography Urography (CTU). If CTU has a high detection rate of bladder tumor, it can be used to direct further investigation of the patient, hopefully reducing delay to diagnosis and treatment. There is no consensus on which phase the bladder should be assessed at CTU. Assessment of the bladder in an early contrast-enhancing phase requires contrast material enhancement in bladder tumors and a bladder that is properly distended with urine. For patients younger than 50 years, the routine CTU protocol used for examining gross hematuria patients included unenhanced (UE), corticomedullary phase (CMP), and excretory phase (EP), with the start of the scan being enhancement triggered: patients aged 50 years or older followed the same protocol plus a nephrographic phase (NP). The CTU protocol was compared with flexible cystoscopy for detecting bladder tumors. Sensitivity for bladder cancer detection was equal for CTU and cystoscopy (0.87). Patients diagnosed with bladder cancer (n=50) were examined during UE, CMP, and EP, and 21 patients were additionally examined in NP. The highest mean tumor contrast enhancement was seen in CMP (37 HU). The CMP, NP, and EP in 106 patients were randomized into an evaluation order (n=318 different phases) and blindly reviewed by two uroradiologists. In CMP, sensitivity (0.95) and negative predictive value (0.99) were higher than in NP and EP. Four different preparation protocols for achieving bladder distension were compared. The protocol that included drinking 1 l of fluid during a two-hour period prior to examination without voiding during that period, gave satisfactory bladder distension without causing unacceptable patient discomfort and having the lowest compliance. Gross hematuria patients should be primarily examined with CTU including UE, CMP and EP to direct further investigation of the patients. The patients should follow a preparation protocol including drinking 1 l of fluid during a two-hour period before examination and not voiding during that period.

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Bambang, Sektiari Lukiswanto. "Les greffons veineux cryopréservés : étude des cellules, de la matrice extracellulaire et de la protection des greffons contre la distension circonférentielle." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05CD01.

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Le greffon veineux autologue est utilisé pour des pontages vasculaires périphériques ou coronariens. La lésion des cellules endothéliales et de la matrice extracellulaire par le flux et la pression artériels entraîne des échecs cliniques tels que thrombose, anévrisme ou hyperplasie néointimale. Les greffons cryopréservés ont déjà été proposé comme substituts des greffons frais. Nous avons étudié l'effet de la cryopréservation sur l'endothélium de veines saphènes internes chez l'homme et nous avons évalué in vivo sur un modèle porcin la protection endothéliale, par une enveloppe biodégradable en vicryl, d'un greffon veineux autologue (veine jugulaire externe) frais ou cryopréservé mis en position artérielle (artère carotide). Des veines humaines ont été cryopréservées dans une solution aqueuse contenant 10% de DMSO et 4% d'albumine homologue. 55% des cellules endothéliales ont pu être préservées. La perte cellulaire a été en partie due à une mort apoptotique. L'activation de la protéine C par la thrombine a montré que l'activité de la thrombomoduline de l'endothélium a diminué. La quantité de thrombomoduline soluble relarguée par les cellules a augmenté par rapport aux valeurs déterminées pour une veine fraîche (p < 0,05). La capacité d'adhésion et de prolifération des cellules endothéliales en culture primaire a diminué significativement après cryopréservation des veines (p < 0,01). Ces résultats suggèrent une cicatrisation endothéliale lente et une thrombogénicité persistante des veines après cryopréservation. Des essais immunohistoenzymatiques et de la synthèse d'ADN ont été effectués sur les greffons enveloppés frais (II) et cryopréservés (IV) et sur les contrôles respectifs non enveloppés (I, III) jusqu'à 3 semaines après implantation. L'intégrité endothéliale et le phénotype veineux ont été préservés dans II jusqu'à 3 semaines. L'endothélium a été régénéré dans I après une semaine, il est resté discontinu dans III et IV et le facteur von Willebrand a diffusé dans la média. Une perte de cellules musculaires lisses a été observée après une semaine pour I, III et IV. Après 3 semaines, une dégradation et une compression des fibres d'élastine ainsi qu'une diminution du volume des cellules musculaires lisses ont été détectées. Une hyperplasie avec une orientation irrégulière a été reconnue par l'anticorps anti-alpha actine dans I, II, III et IV après 3 semaines. I, III, et IV ont développé une hypertrophie tandis que l'épaisseur de la paroi de II est restée inférieure à celle de I, III et IV. Une accumulation de chondroi͏̈tine sulfate et de collagène I a été montrée dans tous les greffons. Les macrophages étaient concentrés autour des fibres de vicryl et se sont infiltrés dans la média de II et IV. La réaction macrophagique induite par la prothèse biodégradable explique la dégradation d'élastine dans II et avec une surcharge en chondroi͏̈tine sulfate pourrait entraîner une artériolisation inadéquate en dépit d'un endothélium préservé dans II. L'enveloppe appliquée aux greffons cryopréservés n'a pas favorisé la régénération endothéliale ni empêché un épaississement de la paroi du greffon.

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17

ROUZADE, DOMINGUEZ MARIE-LAURE. "Implication de recepteurs serotoninergiques dans les reflexes viscero-visceraux et la douleur induits par la distension gastrique. Etude chez deux modeles animaux." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077141.

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Le but de notre travail etait d'etudier l'implication de certains recepteurs serotoninergiques dans deux modeles animaux mettant en jeu la sensibilite gastrique : le declenchement des relaxations transitoires (rt) du sphincter inferieur de l'oesophage (sio) et la douleur induite par la distension gastrique. Dans un premier temps, par une technique de manometrie oesophagienne chez le chien vigile, nous avons determine le nombre de rt induites par distension gastrique a pression constante a l'aide d'un barostat. Nous avons montre une interaction entre les systemes cckergiques et serotoninergiques par l'intermediaire des recepteurs 5-ht3. Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons mis au point un modele de douleur a la distension gastrique chez le rat eveille. Le seuil de douleur induit par distension gastrique a pression constante etait identifie par une modification caracteristique de la posture des animaux qui s'etiraient en levant la tete. Cet etirement etait quantifie par l'electromyogramme des muscles du cou recueilli a partir d'electrodes chroniques. La validation en tant que modele de douleur a ete realisee par l'utilisation de la morphine qui augmentait le seuil de pression declenchant le comportement. Dans un troisieme temps, nous avons utilise ce modele pour etudier l'implication des recepteurs 5-ht1a dans la transmission ou la perception de la douleur. Nous avons montre que, par une action au niveau du systeme nerveux central, les agonistes 5-ht1a augmentaient le seuil de douleur ainsi que le tonus gastrique. La selectivite d'une activation des recepteurs 5-ht1a a ete verifiee par l'utilisation de plusieurs antagonistes de ces recepteurs a des doses sans effet propre. En conclusion, nos travaux montrent une implication selective des recepteurs 5-ht3 dans le controle du declenchement des rt du sio et des recepteurs 5-ht1a centraux dans la modulation des messages douloureux d'origine gastrique et dans le tonus gastrique.

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18

Esquerre, Nicolas. "L’aluminium, facteur de risque environnemental impliqué dans la physiopathologie des maladies intestinales." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S008/document.

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L’aluminium (Al) est le métal le plus abondant de notre environnement. Il est naturellement présent dans les sols, les roches, les minéraux, l’air, l’eau, et son utilisation pour la fabrication de produits de consommation courante n’a cessé d’augmenter de façon exponentielle dans les pays industrialisés. Durant les dernières décennies, la biodisponibilité de l’Al a fortement augmenté par l’activité humaine et les populations sont exposées quotidiennement à de multiples sources et doses d’Al, notamment par la voie orale. En se basant sur la description des effets toxiques et délétères de l’Al dans diverses pathologies ainsi que sur les doses d’Al ingérées, nous avons montré que l’Al pouvait participer à l’aggravation de l’inflammation intestinale, diminuer la cicatrisation muqueuse et le renouvellement cellulaire (Pineton de Chambrun et al., 2014).Dans le but de comprendre les mécanismes par lesquels l’Al perturbait l’épithélium intestinal, nous avons évalué la toxicité de l’Al sur la cellule épithéliale intestinale. Nous avons montré dans cette étude que l’Al diminuait la viabilité cellulaire, favorisait l’apoptose et perturbait le cycle cellulaire. L’Al avait également des effets pro-carcinogènes et pro-inflammatoires sur les cellules épithéliales intestinales. Ainsi, nous avons démontré que l’Al pouvait avoir des effets toxiques sur la muqueuse intestinale.Nous avons ensuite étudié les effets de l’Al sur la sensibilité viscérale chez le rongeur. Nous avons montré que l’ingestion d’une dose d’Al cohérente avec l’exposition humaine induisait une augmentation de la sensibilité viscérale chez le rat et la souris. Cette hypersensibilité induite par l’Al était persistante et exacerbée lors d’une nouvelle intoxication, indiquant ainsi qu’il n’y a pas de phénomène de tolérance. De plus, les femelles étaient plus affectées par l’hypersensibilité induite par l’Al que les mâles. Nous avons montré que les mécanismes impliquaient une augmentation de la perméabilité et étaient dépendants de la dégranulation des mastocytes et du récepteur aux protéases 2. Ces résultats sont pertinents avec la description des mécanismes observés dans la pathogénèse du syndrome de l’intestin irritable (SII). En effet, les malades présentent le plus souvent une hypersensibilité viscérale, une augmentation de la perméabilité intestinale, une altération du microbiote et une inflammation intestinale à bas grade. Les causes de cette maladie sont inconnues mais les facteurs environnementaux sont fortement suspectés. Ainsi, l’Al pourrait être un nouveau facteur de risque environnemental impliqué dans le développement du SII.En conclusion, ces résultats nous ont permis de démontrer la toxicité de l’Al sur le tube digestif et de mettre en avant un nouveau facteur de risque environnemental dans la physiopathologie des maladies intestinales telles que les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin et le syndrome de l’intestin irritable
Aluminium (Al) is the most abundant metal in our environment. Al naturally occurs in soils, rocks, minerals, air, water and its use in consumer products increase exponentially in industrialized countries. During last decades, human activities led to an increase in the bioavailability of Al and populations are exposed daily to multiple sources and doses of Al, including the oral route. Based on the description of toxic and deleterious effects of Al in various pathologies as well as ingested doses of Al, we showed that Al could participate in the exacerbation of intestinal inflammation, decrease mucosal healing and cell renewal (Pineton de Chambrun et al., 2014).In order to understand the mechanisms involved in the perturbations of the intestinal epithelium, Al toxicity was evaluated on intestinal epithelial cells. This study showed that Al decrease cell viability, promote apoptosis and disturb cell cycle. Al had also pro-tumorigenic and pro-inflammatory effects on intestinal epithelial cells. Thus, we demonstrated that Al could promote toxic effects on intestinal mucosa.Then, we evaluated the effects of Al on visceral sensitivity in rodents. We have demonstrated that currently ingested amounts of Al, in humans, induced in mice and rats a dose dependent increase of colorectal sensitivity. Al-induced hypersensitivity persists over time so that intoxication was arrested, and appears again when Al intoxication resumes, dismissing any tolerance phenomenon. Moreover, female gender was more affected by Al-induced hypersensitivity than male gender. Mechanisms involved an increased permeability and were dependent on mast cell degranulation and protease activated receptor 2. These results are relevant to the mechanisms observed in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Indeed, patients usually exhibit visceral hypersensitivity, increased permeability, impaired microbiota and low inflammation degree of the gastrointestinal tract. Causes of the disease remain unknown but environmental factors are strongly suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis. Thus, Al could be a new environmental risk factor involved in the development of IBS.In conclusion, these results demonstrate the toxicity of Al on the digestive tract and highlight a new environmental risk factor in the physiopathology of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome

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19

Scivoletto, Salvatore. "A novel marker for heart failure: Cross sectional area assessment in a large vein by conductance catheter." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8513/.

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The present study investigates the feasibility of a new application able to check the heart failure status in a patient through the estimation of the venous distension. In this way it would be possible to follow up patients, avoiding invasive or expensive exams such as cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. Moreover, the devices would also be able to diagnose the decline of the disease, in order to allow a new adaptation to therapy, and vice versa to check the improvement in the patient’s conditions after the CRT device implant. This thesis is essentially divided into three parts: an analytical model was used to obtain an estimation of the error committed for the calculation of the CSA and to understand how the accuracy and sensitivity depend on the different configurations of the electrodes and the catheter position inside the vein; secondly, an in-vitro experiment was carried out in order to verify the practical feasibility for these kinds of measurements, in a very simplified model; in the end, several animal experiments were done to test the in-vivo practicability of the proposed method. The obtained results showed the feasibility of this approach. In fact, the error committed in the estimation of CSA, during the animal experiments, can be considered acceptable (CSAerror_max ≈ -14%). Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the conductance catheter allows assessing, not only the vein CSA, but also the breathing of the animal.

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20

Zannin, Emanuela, Raffaele L. Dellaca, Peter Kostic, Pasquale P. Pompilio, Anders Larsson, Antonio Pedotti, Göran Hedenstierna, and Peter Frykholm. "Optimizing positive end-expiratory pressure by oscillatory mechanics minimizes tidal recruitment and distension : an experimental study in a lavage model of lung injury." Uppsala universitet, Anestesiologi och intensivvård, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-188730.

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INTRODUCTION: It is well established that during mechanical ventilation of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome cyclic recruitment/derecruitment and overdistension are potentially injurious for lung tissues. We evaluated whether the forced oscillation technique (FOT) could be used to guide the ventilator settings in order to minimize cyclic lung recruitment/derecruitment and cyclic mechanical stress in an experimental model of acute lung injury. METHODS: We studied six pigs in which lung injury was induced by bronchoalveolar lavage. The animals were ventilated with a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg. Forced oscillations at 5 Hz were superimposed on the ventilation waveform. Pressure and flow were measured at the tip and at the inlet of the endotracheal tube respectively. Respiratory system reactance (Xrs) was computed from the pressure and flow signals and expressed in terms of oscillatory elastance (EX5). Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was increased from 0 to 24 cm H2O in steps of 4 cm H2O and subsequently decreased from 24 to 0 in steps of 2 cm H2O. At each PEEP step CT scans and EX5 were assessed at end-expiration and end-inspiration. RESULTS: During deflation the relationship between both end-expiratory and end-inspiratory EX5 and PEEP was a U-shaped curve with minimum values at PEEP = 13.4 ± 1.0 cm H2O (mean ± SD) and 13.0 ± 1.0 cm H2O respectively. EX5 was always higher at end-inspiration than at end-expiration, the difference between the average curves being minimal at 12 cm H2O. At this PEEP level, CT did not show any substantial sign of intra-tidal recruitment/derecruitment or expiratory lung collapse. CONCLUSIONS: Using FOT it was possible to measure EX5 both at end-expiration and at end-inspiration. The optimal PEEP strategy based on end-expiratory EX5 minimized intra-tidal recruitment/derecruitment as assessed by CT, and the concurrent attenuation of intra-tidal variations of EX5 suggests that it may also minimize tidal mechanical stress.

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HUART, ANTOINE. "Etude comparative des effets du dipropionate de beclometasone et du cromoglycate de sodium sur la distension parenchymateuse au cours de l'asthme de l'enfant." Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M301.

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22

Sivade, Marie Amélie. "Les filons et stratiformes à fluorine, blende, galeène, barytine du Grand Chatelard (massifs cristallins externes, Savoie) : relations, rôle de la distension liasique, remobilisation alpine." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802609.

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Les minéralisations du massif du Chatelard (Savoie), représentent une importante accumulation de fluorine, isolée dans le contexte alpin. L'étude stratigraphique et structurale de l'ensemble socle (granitique) / tégument triasico-liasique a permis de voir que la minéralisation se met en place dans les premiers niveaux carbonates du Trias et dans des accidents NE SW dans le socle et la couverture triasico-liasique. L'étude du minerai a montré le polyphasage des dépôts. La minéralisation primaire est en reliques au sein de brèches à ciment de fluorine et quartz, elle-même reprise par une phase de plissements contemporains des charriages de la couverture vers l'ouest. Le gisement de fluorine du massif du Grand Chatelard est une minéralisation de socle-couverture mise en place après le depôt des premieres assises calcaires du Lias, au cours de la distension tethysienne. Lors des phases de déformations tertiaires, le minerai est remobilisé dans les mêmes pièges structuraux qui jouent en décrochements.

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23

BOULANT, JAMES. "Role de la cholecystokinine et de l'oxyde nitrique dans les relaxations transitoires du sphincter inferieur de l'oesophage induites par distension gastrique chez le chien." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF1MS11.

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24

Chikhaoui, Mongi. "Succession distension-compression dans le sillon tunisien secteur de Nebeur, El Kef, Tunisie Centre Nord : rôle des extrusions triasiques précoces lors des serrages alpins." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4256.

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L'analyse des donnees structurales et lithostratigraphiques de la region nebeur permet de reconstituer l'evolution de la marge africaine de tunisie au cours du cycle alpin. Cette region a enregistre dans ses structurations successives, ainsi que dans sa sedimentation les etapes de l'evolution geodynamique originale d'un secteur de l'afrique situe a proximite du carrefour des trois blocs africain, europeen et apeulien

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25

Sivade, Marie Amélie. "Les filons et stratiformes à fluorine, blende, galène, barytine du grand Chatelard (massifs cristallins externes, Savoie) : relations, rôle de la distension liasique, remobilisation alpine." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066719.

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Les mineralisations du massif du chatelard (savoie), representent une importante accumulation de fluorine, isolee dans le contexte alpin. L'etude stratigraphique et structurale de l'ensemble socle (granitique) / tegument triasico-liasique a permis de voir que la mineralisation se met en place dans les premiers niveaux carbonates du trias et dans des accidents ne sw dans le socle et la couverture triasico-liasique. L'etude du minerai a montre le polyphasage des depots. La mineralisation primaire est en reliques au sein de breches a ciment de fluorine et quartz, elle-mene reprise par une phase de plissements contemporains des charriages de la couverture vers l'ouest. Le gisement de fluorine du massif du grand chatelard est une mineralisation de socle-couverture mise en place apres le depot des premieres assises calcaires du lias, au cours de la distension tethysienne. Lors des phases de deformations tertiaires, le minerai est remobilise dans les menes pieges structuraux qui jouent en decrochements.

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Morais, Ronaldo Queiroz de. "Do exército moderno à república militar: caserna, política e tensão (1913-1977)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-30112009-123226/.

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A presente pesquisa trata de esforço hermenêutico com o objetivo de historiar o Exército como corpo institucional a partir do período de constituição da corporação como entidade moderna ao da estruturação da República Militar. Com a intenção de expor as filigranas políticas e culturais que ao longo da república brasileira qualificaram as identidades na caserna. Com o olhar voltado às práticas sóciomilitares para enfim compreender a mentalidade hegemônica que consolidou na instituição uma visão conservadora de mundo. Esse olhar, no entanto, não negligencia, ainda, a importância do social da sociedade brasileira para a constituição do Exército como força militar e política na república brasileira. Fundamentalmente, as forças armadas não se apresentam deslocadas da sociedade, mesmo que o confinamento esteja na ordem do dia institucional, verdadeiramente, trata-se de uma entidade burocrática antes totalizante do que totalitária. Sendo assim, a história do Exército não está deslocada da vida ordinária brasileira nem da formação do Estado moderno no país. Sempre é bom lembrar que a matéria-prima o corpo a ser militarizado é antes de tudo produto da sociedade civil. Dessa forma, a escritura revela a intenção de explicar e relacionar, com a modernização do Exército, o processo de normalização militar da caserna com a efetivação da corporação como ator político nacional. No limite, num quadro conjuntural de tensão intramilitar e de consenso, meticulosamente, construído ao longo da república brasileira. Por fim, o contexto societal brasileiro no qual o Exército modernizou-se revela a produção de um poder militar naturalizado, por isso respeitado e autônomo tentamos aqui desnaturalizar esse poder com a historicização das práticas sócio-militares.
The present research represents a hermeneutical effort on approaching the Brazilian Armys history as an institutional corps since its formation period as a modern entity to the Military Republics structurization. Having as a goal to expose the political and cultural contexts that have qualified the military environment all through Brazilian Republic. Aiming the social military practices to finally comprehend the hegemonial mentality that have consolidated in the institution a conservative view of the world. Notwithstanding, that view does not leave apart the importance of the social of brazilian society to the constitution of the Army as a military and political force in the Brazilian Republic. Fundamentally, the Armed Forces are not detached from the society, even though confining is the institutional daily order, actually, it is a bureaucratical entity much more totalizing than totalitarian. Thus, the Armys history is not detached from brazilian ordinary life nor from the formation of the modern State in the country. It is always worth to remind that the raw material the corps to be militarized is above all a product from the civil society. This way, the deed reveals an intention to explain an relate to the Armys modernization, the military normalization of the environment with the corps effectivation as a national political actor. In a conjunctural set of intramilitary tension and consensus, meticulously built all through Brazilian Republic. The brazilian societal context in which the Army modernized itself reveals the production of a naturalized military power, therefore respected and autonomous we try herein to make this power unnatural with the historicization of the social military practices.

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Blanquet, France. "Commandes nerveuses excitatrice et inhibitrice du muscle lisse du côlon : effets de la stimulation des efférences parasympathiques et d'une distension de la paroi: étude électromyographique et pharmacologique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30030.

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Cette etude electromyographique et pharmacologique porte sur les mecanismes muscariniques purinergiques et enkephalinergiques impliques dans la commande nerveuse intrinseque et extrinseque (parasympathique) du colon du chat et du lapin. Les potentiels de jonction excitateurs sont abolis par les antagonistes des recepteurs muscariniques m1 (pirenzepine). Les effets des antagonistes des recepteurs m2 (methoctramine), ceux d'un bloquant de canaux k+ dependant du ca++ (apamine) et d'un analogue peu degradable de l'atp montrent que les potentiels de jonction inhibiteurs (pji) et les reponses inhibitrices a la distension du colon (rid) resultent de l'activation de deux populations distinctes de neurones enteriques. La distension inhibe les pji sur le colon proximal du lapin; la stimulation vagale est sans effet sur les rid. Les enkephalines et la morphine modulent les voies finales, excitatrice et inhibitrice, impliquees dans les reflexes intrinseques et dans la commande parasympathique. La trimebutine, utilisee en clinique dans le traitement des colopathies, modifie la motricite colique par l'intermediaire de recepteurs enkephalinergiques localises sur les neurones enteriques

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Issa, Basma. "Irritable bowel syndrome and endometriosis: is there a connection?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/irritable-bowel-syndrome-and-endometriosis-is-there-a-connection(035bc148-a55b-4dd3-bff0-b1f8ea12f3af).html.

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Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an extremely common condition affecting approximately 10-15% of the population. Lower abdominal pain is a common feature and, if the patient also has gynaecological symptoms such as heavy periods, they may be referred to a gynaecologist especially when the bowel symptoms are relatively mild. In this setting a laparoscopy is often undertaken and endometriosis commonly identified as this condition affects up to 10% of women. Consequently pain is frequently attributed to the endometriosis even when it is relatively mild. However it is a common observation amongst gynaecologists that women with mild endometriosis often have severe symptoms which do not seem to respond well to treatment. This raises the possibility that their pain may not actually be due to endometriosis or is being amplified by the visceral hypersensitivity which is a characteristic feature of irritable bowel syndrome.Methods: 20 patients with minimal-mild endometriosis, 20 with moderate-severe endometriosis, 20 healthy volunteers (HV) who have had laparoscopy for sterilisation, 20 IBS patients and 20 patients with pain who were found to have a normal pelvis (on laparoscopy) were studied. Gastrointestinal, gynaecological, and noncolonic symptoms were recorded as well as demography, quality of life and psychological status. Visceral sensitivity was assessed in all patients and abdominal distension was studied in a sub group of 26 endometriosis patients and 20 IBS patients.Results: 20 (100%) of IBS patients, 13 (65%) of minimal-mild endometriosis patients, 11 (55%) of moderate-severe endometriosis patients, 17 (85%) of laparoscopic negative pain patients and no healthy volunteers fulfilled ROME III criteria for IBS. Patients with endometriosis and IBS had similar levels of visceral sensitivity which were significantly lower than that observed in controls (p=0·002, p<0·001).In particular, both minimal-mild and moderate-severe endometriosis patients had significantly lower (mean-95% CI) pain thresholds in mmHg 28.1(24.5, 31.6) and 28.8(24.9, 32.6) respectively compared with controls 39·5 (36·0, 43·0) p=0.001and p=0.002. However, with few exceptions, there were no distinguishing features between patients in terms of demography, symptomatology and distension.Conclusion: Clinically, it is very difficult to distinguish between endometriosis and IBS. However, visceral hypersensitivity appears to be a major component of endometriosis and may explain the problem of excessive pain especially in patients with mild disease offering a potential new target for treatment

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Ismael, Afraa. "Le problème du temps chez Saint Augustin et Saint Thomas d’Aquin." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30046.

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Cette thèse a pour objet l’étude de la problématique du temps dans les réflexions de Saint Augustin et Saint Thomas d’Aquin, lesquels représentent un lien capital entre la pensée philosophique de l’Antiquité et celle de la période contemporaine. Elle vise dans un premier à analyser les théories développées par ces deux philosophes sur la notion et la mesure du temps pour répondre à la question de savoir quelle réalité il revêt et comment la mesurer. Cette étude cherchera, par son examen des corpus référentiels de Saint Augustin et de Saint Thomas d’Aquin, à déterminer s’il est possible d’y trouver la réponse dans le changement, le mouvement, la succession, la durée, l’instant ou le présent ou s’il faut concevoir le temps comme une forme du monde objectif ou comme schéma d’appréhension tributaire du sujet. La première partie de cette recherche répondra à la question de savoir si le temps reflète les propriétés du monde objectif en lui-même ou du monde subjectif, ou s’il est de l’ordre des relations que nous entretenons avec ces deux mondes. La seconde analysera la problématique du temps entre son origine et sa fin (la création et l’éternité). Nous chercherons à savoir jusqu’à quel point il est possible de démontrer que l’analyse philosophique du temps, ces deux auteurs ne constitue pas un moment absolument autonome, mais une reprise du problème du temps dans une théologie de la création et de l’éternité. En analysant les quatre thèmes que sont, la réalité, la mesure du temps, la création et l’éternité et certains concepts qui leurs sont liés, nous déterminerons s’il est possible de soutenir qu’il y a une séparation totale entre le temps en tant que catégorie cosmique et le temps en tant que catégorie psychologique. Nous établirons de façon précise, dans quelles limites il est possible de démontrer que les réflexions philosophiques de Saint Augustin et Saint Thomas d’Aquin sur le temps se présentent comme deux théories différentes, l’une qui soutient parfaitement la réalité subjective du temps qui permet à Saint Augustin d’être considéré comme l’un des fondateurs les plus marquants de la phénoménologie du temps alors que au contraire, Saint Thomas d’Aquin démontre indéniablement sa réalité objective, dans la continuité de l’objectivité aristotélicienne du temps
This thesis has for aim to explore the problematic of the time within the reflections of St Augustine and St Thomas Aquinas that are both seen as a key link between the philosophical thought of the antiquity and the contemporary period. It will firstly analyze the theories developed by these two philosophers on the concept and the measure of the time, to give an answer to the question: has the time a reality and how to measure it?Through a deep analyze of the two philosophers’ corpus referentials, this study will try to determine if it is possible to find the answer in the changing, the motion, the succession, the duration, the moment and the present or if we rather have to see the time as a shape of the objective world or as a scheme of the apprehension depending on the subject. The first part of this work will answer the question whether the time reflects the properties of the objective world itself or those of the subjective world or might it be the result of the links we have with these two worlds. The second will analyze the problematic of the time between its origin and its end (the creation and the eternity). We will try to know if it is possible to show that the philosophical analysis of the time made by these two authors cannot be seen as an independent instant but a way to reconsider the subject of the time in a theology of creation and eternity.In a broad analysis of the four themes that are, the reality, the measure of the time, the creation and the eternity and some specifics and close concepts, we will determine if it is possible to say that there is an absolute gap between the time as a cosmic category and the time as a psychological one. We will show precisely if it is possible to say that the St Augustine and St Thomas Aquinas’s thoughts can be looked as two different theories, the one which sees the time as a subjective reality and allows St Augustine to be considered one of the most significant founders of the phenomenology of the time unlike St Thomas Aquinas who demonstrates the time's objective reality, in the continuity of the Aristotelian objectivity of the time

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Roussel, Nicolas. "Dynamique sédimentaire des séries miocènes de la région de Quseir (Egypte), bordure Nord-Ouest de la Mer Rouge." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112082.

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La sédimentation miocène contemporaine de l’ouverture du bassin de la Mer Rouge a été fortement influencée par la tectonique en distension. L’initiation du « rifting » est caractérisée par le jeu normal des accidents de direction N140, associé aux jeux décrochants des accidents de direction N-S et E-W. Les dépressions ainsi créées, allongées NW-SE, accueillent les sédiments continentaux miocènes du groupe A (25 MA) ; elles sont alimentées par l’érosion des reliefs modérés qui les bordent à l’Est comme à l’Ouest. Par la suite, toutes les directions structurales fonctionnent en failles normales, l’effondrement s’accentue et la mer recouvre les horsts et les grabens les plus orientaux. Deux bassins secondaires sont distingués dans la région de Quseir. Au Nord le Bassin du Zarib, tardivement subsident, il est caractérisé par une morphologie irrégulière (horsts et grabens) ; et au Sud le Bassin du Bahari, préférentiellement subsident, il se caractérise par une morphologie plus douce. Ces contrastes morphologiques sont directement responsables de la différenciation des dépôts en talus ou plateformes. La sédimentation est d’abord mixte, terrigène et carbonatée (groupe B) ; les horsts jouent le rôle de promontoire favorable au développement des carbonates de faible profondeur, et de barrière guidant le transit des sédiments silico-détritiques dans les gouttières. A la suite d’un dernier rejeu, les escarpements de ces reliefs structuraux sont recouverts par de spectaculaires talus sédimentaires. Puis, le confinement général du bassin se traduit par le dépôt d’une série évaporitique (groupe C) qui annule les contrastes morphologiques. L’intense dolomitisation subie par l’ensemble des carbonates est vraisemblablement à mettre en relation avec ce régime évaporitique
Miocene sedimentation, contemporaneous with initial rifting of the Red Sea basin, has been strongly influenced by distensional tectonics. The beginning of the rifting is characterised by normal movements along N140 faults, and strike-slip of N-S and E-W faults. The resulting structural troughs, elongated NW-SE, received continental Miocene sediments of Group A (25 MY); they were supplied by erosion of moderate relief to the Est. Subsequently, all structural directions functioned as normal faults, subsidence leading to marine environments. Two secondary basins are distinguished in the Quseir area. Ln the North the Zarib Basin is characterised by an irregular morphology (horsts and grabens); and a southern Bahari Basin, which subsided earlier, is characterised by the regularity of its morphology. The morphological contrast is directly responsible for differenciation into talus and platform facies. Lnitialy, sedimentation is mixed terrigenous and carbonate (Group B) ; horsts correspond to clearly defined bathymetric highs favouring development of shallow carbonates and these tend to block the transit of silici-clastics sediments. The structural escarpments are overlain by spectacular sedimentary talus. Ultimately, general restriction of the basin lead the deposition of Group C evaporitic which drown the morpho-structural relief. An intense dolomitisation has affected all carbonates

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Villoria, Ferrer Albert. "Acomodación abdominal: Fisiopatología de la Distensión Abdominal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/42306.

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La distensión abdominal es una alteración clínica frecuente en la población general y en especial en los pacientes afectos de trastornos funcionales digestivos donde se manifiesta de una manera más intensa. El volumen de la cavidad abdominal presenta variaciones fisiológicas en respuesta a la ingesta de alimentos, el llenado vesical o la evacuación rectal. Nuestros datos indican que cuando se realiza un incremento del volumen abdominal de forma experimental en sujetos sanos mediante la infusión de gas en el intestino, las paredes abdominales (diafragma y pared antero-lateral) responden de forma coordinada con cambios en la actividad muscular que modulan el grado de aumento del perímetro abdominal, de forma que el aumento de cintura es independiente de la posición del sujeto y no esta influenciada por la tasa de infusión de gas. Estos datos sobre coordinación abdomino-frénica en la acomodación abdominal abren la posibilidad que la distensión abdominal esté relacionada con una alteración en la actividad de la musculatura de las paredes abdominales. Utilizando el mismo modelo experimental que en sujetos sanos, observamos como los pacientes con distensión abdominal presentaron una relajación paradójica del músculo oblicuo interno durante la infusión de gas en el intestino, acompañada de un incremento del perímetro abdominal significativamente mayor que en sujetos sanos. Estos datos sugieren que la distensión abdominal se relaciona con una alteración muscular de la pared anterior del abdomen. Pero teniendo en cuenta que la cavidad abdominal esta formada por la pared anterior del abdomen y el diafragma, ¿que papel tiene el diafragma en la distensión abdominal?
Bloating is a common clinical disorder in the general population, especially in patients with functional bowel disorders. The volume of the abdominal cavity has physiological variations in response to food intake, filling bladder or rectal evacuation. We recently demonstrated, in healthy subjects, that the abdominal wall actively adapt to its content: an increase in intra-abdominal volume, modelled by colonic gas infusion, modified the muscular activity of the anterior abdominal wall and the diaphragm resulting in a metered girth increment, regardless of body posture. These data on abdomino-phrenic coordination during abdominal accommodation suggested the possibility that abdominal distension might be related to abnormal activity of the abdominal wall. Using the same experimental model, it was shown that patients complaining of abdominal distension develop a paradoxical relaxation of the anterior wall in response to colonic gas infusion, and with the same volume loads, their girth increase was significantly larger than in healthy subjects. These data suggested that abdominal distension is related to abnormal control of the anterior abdominal wall. Taking into account that the abdominal cavity is formed by the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm, which is the role of the diaphragm in abdominal distension?. Using our provocative model, we compared the muscular responses of the abdominal walls, in healthy subjects and in patients with bloating. In contrast to healthy subjects, patients exhibited distorted accommodation: the diaphragm showed a paradoxical contraction, while the anterior wall muscles failed to contract, and even the internal oblique, which was already contracted, relaxed. In contrast to the normal synergy of the anterior wall and the diaphragm in healthy subjects, the response in patients can be described as abdomino-phrenic dysynergia. Taken together, the works of this thesis indicate that the increase in girth in patients with abdominal distension is associated with abnormal activity of the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall.

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Barba, Orozco Elizabeth. "Fisiología, fisiopatología y tratamiento de la distensión abdominal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285373.

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El volumen del contenido de la cavidad abdominal varía en diferentes situaciones de forma fisiológica a lo largo del día. La cavidad abdominal tiene unas paredes que se adaptan a su contenido. Existen dos paredes con escasa movilidad, que se corresponden a nivel posterior, con la columna vertebral y a nivel inferior con la pelvis. Por el contrario, existen dos paredes móviles, el diafragma y la pared antero-lateral del abdomen. Estas paredes tienen un componente muscular importante con una contracción tónica basal. Recientemente se demostrado que la adaptación de las paredes abdominales a su contenido se produce de forma activa modulando el grado de contracción tónica de sus paredes. Inicialmente se demostró el papel de la pared abdominal anterior en la acomodación abdominal. Posteriormente se vio que el diafragma también participa en este proceso. Además, como el abdomen y el tórax forman una cavidad común, los cambios en la actividad del diafragma se compensan con una adaptación de la actividad muscular de la pared costal, para preservar la función respiratoria. Como resultado, el tórax también participa en el proceso de acomodación abdominal. Como introducción a este trabajo se va a revisar: - las estructuras que participan en el proceso de acomodación abdominal: la pared abdominal anterior, el diafragma, y la pared costal; - los métodos de estudio, funcionales (mediante electromiografía) y morfológicos (mediante técnicas de la imagen) que permiten investigar el fenómeno de la acomodación abdominal; - el proceso de acomodación abdominal normal y sus mecanismos de regulación - las alteraciones de la acomodación abdominal y sus repercusiones clínicas, y en este contexto se va a considerar la distensión abdominal, en la cual ya se ha demostrado el papel de la acomodación abdominal y el síndrome de rumiación, potencialmente producido por una alteración de la acomodación abdominal; - las técnicas conductuales (bio feedback) que se utilizan para modificar la actividad muscular. - Por último, en base a los datos existentes, se va a plantear una hipótesis de trabajo, que dará pie a los objetivos específicos del presente trabajo
The volume of the contents of the abdominal cavity varies physiologically in different situations during the day. The abdominal cavity has walls that fit its contents. There are two walls with low mobility, corresponding to posterior level with the lower spine and pelvis level. By contrast, there are two mobile walls, the diaphragm and the anterolateral abdominal wall. These walls have a significant muscle basal component tonic contraction. Recently it was shown that the adaptation of the abdominal wall to its content occurs actively modulating the level of tonic contraction of its walls. Initially the role of the anterior abdominal wall into the abdominal accommodation demonstrated. Later it was found that the diaphragm is also involved in this process. Moreover, as the abdomen and thorax form a common cavity, changes in diaphragm activity are offset by an adaptation of the muscular activity of the chest wall, to preserve respiratory function. As a result, the chest is also involved in the process of abdominal accommodation. In this thesis I review: - Structures involved in the process of abdominal accommodation: the anterior abdominal wall, diaphragm, and chest wall; - Methods of study, functional (electromyography) and morphological (using imaging techniques) that allow investigating the phenomenon of abdominal accommodation; - The process of normal abdominal accommodation and their regulatory mechanisms - Alterations in abdominal accommodation and clinical implications and in this context it will be considered bloating, which has already been demonstrated the role of the abdominal accommodation rumination syndrome, potentially caused by a disturbance of abdominal accommodation; - Behavioral techniques (biofeedback) used to modify muscle activity. - Finally, based on existing data, we will propose a working hypothesis, which give rise to the specific objectives of this study

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Mego, Silva Marianela. "Fisiología y fisiopatología de la distensión abdominal: Gas intestinal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/323363.

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Los trabajos que componen esta tesis doctoral están enfocados al estudio de la fisiología del gas intestinal. En nuestro primer trabajo determinamos el volumen de gas intestinal producido tras una comida rica en residuos fermentables como las alubias, con y sin lavado intestinal. Observamos una gran diferencia entre el volumen de gas intestinal evacuado con y sin lavado, sin lavado sólo se evacuaron una cuarta parte del volumen total producido, demostrando que la homeostasis del gas intestinal es un proceso altamente dinámico, donde una gran proporción del gas producido por la fermentación bacteriana de los residuos de la comida se absorbe rápidamente a la sangre y/o se metaboliza por microorganismos que consumen gas, y sólo una proporción relativamente modesta se elimina por el ano. Siguiendo en la línea del efecto de la dieta sobre la producción de gas intestinal, en el segundo trabajo realizamos varios experimentos combinando dieta alta y baja en residuos fermentables, con ayunas y tras una comida rica en residuos fermentables. Observamos un incremento en el volumen de gas intestinal producido en los experimentos con una precarga alta en residuos fermentables, con respecto a una precarga baja en residuos fermentables ambos en ayunas, demostrando que los residuos preexistentes en el colon producto de comidas previas ejercen efecto en la producción del gas intestinal. Tras una comida alta en residuos fermentables, en ambas precargas demostramos un incremento notable en la producción de gas intestinal, lo que es esperado. No obstante la producción de gas intestinal no fue tan diferente como se cabría esperar para las diferentes precargas, sugiriendo que la fermentación bacteriana es un proceso saturable. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la actividad metabólica de la microbiota intestinal aumenta notablemente durante las primeras horas tras la ingesta de sustratos fermentables no absorbibles, pero esta actividad persiste horas más tarde, aunque a un nivel más bajo que en la fase temprana, es decir la producción de gas intestinal en respuesta a una comida depende del contenido de residuos en el colon derivado de las comidas previas; ambos efectos son sumativos. Una proporción substancial de sujetos con trastornos intestinales funcionales, incluso en la población general, se quejan de síntomas que son comúnmente atribuidos al gas, tales como, distensión y flatulencia. Los nuevos conocimientos arrojados por los estudios presentes pueden ayudar a clarificar la dinámica del gas intestinal en relación a estos síntomas, tomando en consideración diferentes factores que pueden influir en la homeostasis del gas intestinal y tolerancia, tales como motilidad intestinal, tránsito, sensibilidad y actividad microbiota.
The works of this thesis are focused on the study of the physiology of intestinal gas. In our first experiment, we determine the volume of intestinal gas produced after a flatulogenic test meal, with and without wash-out. Observed a great difference between the volume of intestinal gas evacuated with and without wash-out, only a quarter of the total volume produced were evacuated. Our data indicate that intestinal gas homeostasis is a highly dynamic process. A large proportion of the gas produced by bacterial fermentation of meal residues appears to be rapidly absorbed into the blood and/or metabolized by gas-consuming microorganisms, and only a relatively modest proportion eliminated per anus. Following the line, in the second experiment the intestinal gas production was measured after 1 day low-flatulogenic diet and fast or test meal; or 1 day high-flatulogenic diet and fast or test meal. We observed an increase in the volume of intestinal gas produced in the experiments with high preload respect to a low preload both in fasting, showing that preexisting residues on colon exert effect in the production of intestinal gas. After a test meal in both preload demonstrate a great increase in gas production, what is expected, but the gas production rate after the test meal with the high-flatulogenic preload was not higher than with the low-flatulogenic preload, suggesting that gas production may be a saturable process. Show, that the metabolic activity of intestinal microbiota markedly increases during the first few hours after ingestion of non-absorbable, fermentable substrates, but this activity still persists hours later, albeit at a lower level than in the early phase, and demonstrates summation effects of fermentable foodstuffs on gas production. A substantial proportion of subjects with functional gut disorders, or even in the general population, complain of symptoms that are commonly attributed to gas, like distension and bloating. This new knowledge should contribute to elucidating the dynamic complex of the intestinal gas in relationship with these symptoms, take into consideration different factors that may influence gas homeostasis and tolerance, such as intestinal motility, transit, sensitivity,and microbiota activity.

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Bacchitta, Sandra <1982&gt. "L'amministrazione Johnson e le origini della distensione. 1964-1968." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6565/.

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La tesi analizza una parte della politica estera dell’amministrazione Johnson, e più specificamente l’avvio del dialogo con l’Urss in materia di non proliferazione e controllo degli armamenti e la revisione della China policy, inquadrando entrambe nell’adattamento della cold war strategy all’evoluzione sistema internazionale, argomentando che la distensione intesa come rilassamento delle tensioni e ricerca di terreno comune per il dialogo, fosse perlomeno uno degli strumenti politici che l’amministrazione scelse di usare. Il primo capitolo analizza i cambiamenti che interessarono il Blocco sovietico e il movimento comunista internazionale tra la fine degli anni Cinquanta e l’inizio degli anni Sessanta, soprattutto la rottura dell’alleanza sino-sovietica, e l’impatto che essi ebbero sul sistema bipolare su cui si basava la Guerra Fredda. Il capitolo secondo affronta più specificamente l’evoluzione delle relazioni tra Stati Uniti e Unione Sovietica, il perseguimento di una politica di distensione, dopo la crisi dei missili cubani, e in che relazione si trovasse ciò con lo status della leadership sovietica a seguito dei cambiamenti che avevano avuto luogo. Soffermandosi sulla questione del controllo degli armamenti e sul percorso che portò alla firma del Trattato di Non-proliferazione, si analizza come la nuova rotta intrapresa col dialogo sulle questioni strategiche sia stato anche un cambiamento di rotta in generale nella concezione della Guerra Fredda e l’introduzione della distensione come strumento politico. Il terzo capitolo affronta la questione della modifica della politica verso Pechino e il processo tortuoso e contorto attraverso cui l’amministrazione Johnson giunse a distaccarsi dalla China policy seguita sino ad allora.
The research intends to investigate two aspects of Johnson’s foreign policy: the establishment of a dialogue and the pursuit of cooperation with Soviet Union, regarding arms control measures and non-proliferation; the reassessment of the American policy towards Communist China and the slow detachment from the previous approach. The Sixties saw the international system becoming more complex and fragmented, the strategic balance getting closer to a condition of equality but also becoming less manageable due to nuclear proliferation; the rivalry between the two blocs was changing as well, due to the Sino-Soviet split, the increasing of contacts between eastern and western Europe and the willingness to avoid tensions between the superpowers. Being wary of both the dangers and the interdependence inherent in the bilateral relationship led to the decision to seek a common ground on strategic issues and to the establishment of a dialogue. Also during those years, the administration begun to explore the convenience of a different approach toward Communist China, which was clearly bound to emerge as a power in its own, and the possibilities that a new policy would have opened up. Both issues illustrates how the Johnson Administration, in order to face the challenges of its time, considered new options and took measures, breaking with the past, and adopting the relaxation of tensions and dialogue, or at least the possibility of it, as a policy. The research, which focuses on the debate and the decision-making process within the Administration, assumes that by doing so the administration introduced the policy of détente as at least one of the options available to the United States. Therefore the analysis of Johnson’s policies towards the main communist powers, and their challenges, may help to achieve a better definition and understanding of Détente, in its origins and motivations.

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Laveneziana, Pierantonio. "Dynamic lung hyperinflation as the common pathway for exercise-induced dyspnoea in cardio-respiratory diseases." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831616.

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Les patients atteints de BPCO de stade I, d'ICC et d'HTAP peuvent présenter une diminution des débits aériens à bas volume pulmonaire. Il s'agit d'un déterminant majeur de la distension thoracique dynamique, particulièrement délétère, et facteur important de la dyspnée d'exercice. Nos travaux montrent sans ambiguïté une forte association entre la distension thoracique dynamique (limitant l'augmentation du volume courant) et la dyspnée à l'effort chez ces patients. Le corollaire de ces constatations est que des interventions thérapeutiques qui réduisent la distension thoracique devraient diminuer la dyspnée d'effort et améliorer la tolérance à l'exercice, et ce y compris dans des situations cliniques où les anomalies de la mécanique respiratoire ne sont a priori pas le primum movens de la maladie. Et en effet, la réduction de la dyspnée d'effort est bien corrélée avec la réduction du volume pulmonaire induite directement par des interventions pharmacologiques ou indirectement par des interventions non-pharmacologiques. De plus, du point de vue thérapeutique, la mise en évidence dans la troisième étude d'une propension à la distension thoracique induite par l'exercice chez certains patients atteints d'HTAP qui présentent une nette diminution des débits aériens à bas volume pulmonaire peut elle fournir une base théorique à l'adjonction de bronchodilatateurs aux traitements à visée hémodynamique. En conclusion, cette thèse contribue à une meilleure connaissance de la physiopathologie de la dyspnée d'exercice dans le contexte de la BPCO à un stade précoce, de l'ICC et de l'HTAP, en mettant en évidence le rôle d'un mécanisme pathogénétique qui n'avait pas été décrit auparavant.

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Vendeville, B. "Champs de failles et tectonique en extension : Modélisation expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675907.

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Dans la partie superIeure de la croûte continentale; la tectonique en distension s'exprime essentiellement par le développement de champs de failles plus ou moins complexes. L'extension lithosphérique s'accompagne d'une subsidence importante et d'une sédimentation localisée aux régions amincies. Par conséquent, les structures et les mécanismes profonds sont rarement observables et sont le plus souvent déduits de l'observation de l'orientation, la géométrie et la répartition des failles en surface. Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons les résultats et les implications tectoniques de plusieurs séries de modèles expérimentaux dimensionnés. L'étude de ces modèles permet d'établir des relations de cause à effet entre des conditions cinématiques et mécaniques données et la géométrie du champ de failles observé. Inversement, ces relations champ de faille - conditions de déformation peuvent être appliquées aux données naturelles et contribuent à une meilleure interprétation des structures et des mécanismes qui, gouvernent l'extension en profondeur. En première partie, ce travail présente une série de modèles analogiques à grande échelle (lithosphère, croûte, croûte supérieure). Les résultats expérimentaux mettent en évidence le contrôle de la symétrie ou de l'asymétrie du champ de faille par (i) les conditions aux limites imposées à la base et sur les bordures dû système faillé et (ii) les paramètres mécaniques appliqués (orientation des contraintes principales, cisaillement ' basal, cisaillements latéraux). Dans la seconde partie, nous effectuons une revue des caractéristiques structurales, mécaniques et cinématiques des failles normales listriques. Un nouveau mécanisme de formation des failles listriques est proposé et est appliqué au cas des failles de croissance. Enfin, nous présentons les résultats d'une approche expérimentale des deux contextes structuraux particuliers: - fracturation d'une couverture sédimentaire induite par le rejeu d'anciennes failles de socle. Le champ de faille résultant de ces conditions aux limites montre le développement simultané de failles normales et des failles inverses à forte courbure. La géométrie des structures dépend (i) de la rigidité du socle, (ii) de la rhéologie des séries de couverture, et (iii) de l'orientation de la faille de socle. - failles obliques liées à un décrochement : les modèles illustrant les différentes variations structurales liées le long d'un linéament globalement décrochant. Les implications de ces modèles en terme de divergence ou convergence des plaques sont discutés.

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Casagrande, Fioretti Laurent. "Evolution tectonosédimentaire post-éocène de la bordure ouest des Baronnies et du massif de Suzette (chaînes subalpines des Baronnies)-." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00875417.

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Ce mémoire comporte deux parties: - l'évolution tectonosédimentaire oligocène du massif de Suzette. - l'évolution mio-pliocène de la bordure ouest des Baronnies et du massif de Suzette. Dans la première étude, l'auteur montre que le sud du massif de Suzette (massif de Gigondas), jusqu'alors considéré comme un "dôme" formé dès l'éocène, était, en fait, un fossé situé dans le prolongement du graben de Nîmes, engendré par la tectogénèse distensive oligocène. Il est ainsi démontré que la structuration actuelle en "dôme" est postèrieure à la génèse du graben. Dans la seconde partie, la succession d'évènements tectonosédimentaires suivante est mise en évidence: - au Burdigalien, une pause tectonique traduite par une sédimentation essentiellement carbonatée et l'absence de déformation. . - au Miocène moyen, de puissants épandages détritiques exotiques témoignant d' instabilités distales difficiles à caractèriser . - au Serravallien supérieur, Tortonien et Pliocène un "continuum" de déformation induisant des plissements syn-sédimentaires (discordances progressives) d'axes variés et le soulèvement en "dôme" du massif de Gigondas. Les rejeux (décrochements et chevauchements) et les ancrages de failles de socle préexistantes(accident Condorcet-Propiac, de Nîmes, Ventoux-Lure), provoquent des perturbations locales de la compression principale maximale horizontale "régionale" NE-SW. - au Pléistocène,une compression NE-SW discrète n'engendrant pas de méga-structure et présentant un champ de contraintes homogène. . Pour conclure, l'auteur démontre par l'étude des discordances et des diffèrences du taux de déformation entre le Mésozoïque et le Miocène, que les Baronnies et le massif de Suzette etaient, en général, faiblement structurés avant les déformations miocènes supérieures et pliocènes.

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Matricon, J. "Étude de l'implication du nerve growth factor (NGF) et des acid-sensing ion channels (ASIC) dans l'hyper-sensibilité colique induite par le butyrate chez le rat." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480055.

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Les douleurs viscérales sont des douleurs diffuses et irradiantes dont le traitement est souvent problématique faute d'étiologie bien identifiée. En particulier, les douleurs abdominales observées dans les troubles fonctionnels digestifs (TFI) s'expriment en l'absence d'atteinte organique ce qui rend difficile la compréhension des mécanismes physio-pathologiques de ces troubles. Cette problématique est un enjeu de santé publique puisque les TFI, et en premier lieu le syndrome de l'intestin irritable (SII), concerneraient 20% de la population occidentale. Les études cliniques fournissent des pistes de recherche sur l'origine des troubles dans les TFI mais sont souvent insuffisantes pour décortiquer leurs mécanismes physio-pathologiques. Les modèles animaux apparaissent comme une voie alternative permettant de tester des hypothèses diverses sur l'origine des douleurs viscérales. Nous avons ainsi utilisé un modèle animal de SII développé au laboratoire, le modèle butyrate, qui se base sur des données cliniques rapportant un excès de butyrate, un acide gras à chaîne courte, dans le côlon des patients atteints de SII. Ce modèle consiste en 6 instillations intra-coliques de butyrate 200mM, réalisées sur une durée de 4 jours, qui induisent une hyper-sensibilité colique (HSC) chez le rat dès la fin des instillations. L'HSC induite par le butyrate est évaluable par le test de distension colo-rectale (DCR). Elle est persistante et ne s'accompagne pas de lésion de la muqueuse colique ce qui est en accord avec les caractéristiques cliniques du SII. Après avoir établi la pertinence du modèle butyrate pour l'étude du SII, l'équipe s'est attaché à l'étude des mécanismes par lesquels le butyrate induit une HSC. Un traitement néo-natal des rats par la capsaïcine, qui permet de détruire les fibres nociceptives de type C, empêche le développement de l'HSC induite par le butyrate chez ces rats devenus adultes. Les afférences coliques de type C transmettent donc le message douloureux viscéral induit par le butyrate. L'objectif premier de ce travail de thèse a été de déterminer par quel mécanisme le butyrate sensibilise ces afférences. Nous avons émis l'hypothèse que le nerve growth factor (NGF), une neurotrophine impliquée dans la nociception et dans les processus d'inflammation neurogène des nerfs entériques dans le SII, pourrait contribuer à la sensibilisation colique. Implication du NGF dans l'HSC Nous avons montré que l'administration répétée d'anticorps anti-NGF (voie i.p.) prévient l'HSC induite par le butyrate, évaluée lors du test de DCR. De plus, nous avons montré par immuno-histo-chimie (IHC) que le NGF est exprimé dans le côlon des rats traités avec du butyrate mais son expression n'y est pas augmentée. En revanche, le NGF est sur-exprimé dans les ganglions rachidiens dorsaux (GRD) innervant le côlon. Ces résultats indiquent que le NGF est impliqué dans l'HSC induite par le butyrate et que son action pourrait s'exercer principalement au niveau du système nerveux périphérique (GRD). En effet, le NGF est impliqué dans le développement des phénomènes d'hyperalgie en induisant l'expression de molécules jouant un rôle clé dans la nociception comme les canaux ioniques. Notre attention s'est portée sur les canaux ioniques sensibles à l'acide (ASIC) et le transient receptor potential vannilloid1 (TRPV1) car de nombreuses études ont montré l'implication de ces canaux dans les douleurs viscérales et leur modulation par le NGF. Implication des canaux ASIC dans l'HSC Nous avons montré que l'administration d'amiloride (antagoniste des canaux ASIC, voie i.v.) mais pas celle de capsazepine (antagoniste du TRPV1, voie i.p.) prévient l'HSC induite par le butyrate, évaluée lors du test de DCR. L'HSC induite par le butyrate implique donc un mécanisme dépendant des ASIC mais pas de TRPV1. De plus, nous avons montré par RT-PCR semi-quantitative que le niveau d'expression des ARNm des gènes codant les sous-unités ASIC1A et ASIC1B est augmentée dans les GRD des rats butyrate. L'augmentation du niveau d'expression des ARNm a été corrélée à une augmentation de l'expression de la protéine ASIC1A dans les GRD, quantifiée par IHC. En déterminant la proportion de neurones immuno-réactifs (IR) à la protéine ASIC1A, nous avons montré que sa sur-expression est restreinte aux neurones de petit diamètre. Ces résultats montrent que le canal ASIC1A est impliqué dans l'HSC induite par le butyrate. Nous avons ensuite voulu savoir si, en accord avec la bibliographie, la sur-expression de ASIC1A pouvait être la conséquence de celle du NGF. Modulation de l'expression de ASIC1A par le NGF dans l'HSC Nous avons tout d'abord montré par microscopie confocale que le NGF et son récepteur de haute affinité (trkA) sont colocalisés avec ASIC1A dans les neurones sensoriels et en particulier dans ceux exprimant le calcitonin gene-related peptide. Nous avons ensuite montré par IHC et par Western blot que la sur-expression de ASIC1A dans les GRD est prévenue par le blocage du NGF grâce à l'administration répétée d'anticorps anti-NGF (voie i.p.). Ces résultats indiquent que la sur-expression de ASIC1A dans l'HSC induite par le butyrate est dépendante du NGF. Nous pouvons conclure que le NGF et le canal ASIC1A interviennent dans les GRD (et probablement dans les neurones sensoriels de type nociceptif) où ils participent aux phénomènes de sensibilisation concourant au développement de l'HSC induite par le butyrate. Nous ne rapportons pas de variation d'expression du NGF ou de ASIC1A au niveau colique. Ce résultat suggère que la mise en jeu de ces molécules ne se fait pas au niveau des terminaisons libres coliques mais plutôt dans l'élément pré-synaptique de la première synapse nociceptive centrale où elles pourraient amplifier l'activité synaptique médullaire. Nous avons ainsi émis l'hypothèse que l'HSC induite par le butyrate est associée à une sensibilisation centrale de la moëlle épinière (MEp). Sensibilisation centrale dans l'HSC Nous avons utilisé la méthodologie Fos, un marqueur de l'activité neuronale, afin d'évaluer l'état d'excitation de la MEp chez les rats butyrate. L'étude de l'expression spinale de la protéine Fos chez les rats soumis à une DCR nocive répétée a montré que les rats traités avec du butyrate présentent une densité de neurones Fos-IR augmentée par rapport aux rats contrôles dans les couches superficielles de la corne dorsale de la MEp. L'HSC induite par le butyrate s'accompagne spécifiquement du recrutement des segments thoraciques T10-T11-T12 de la MEp dans lesquels nous avons observé une une hyper-réactivité neuronale en réponse à la DCR. De plus, en l'absence de stimulation colique, les rats butyrate présentent hyper-activité basale dans les segments T10-T11-T12. Comme le canal ASIC1A spinal participe aux courants provoqués par un stimulus douloureux, nous avons ensuite voulu savoir si cette hyper-activité de la MEp pouvait être la conséquence d'une transmission synaptique accrue impliquant ASIC1A. Nous avons montré que l'administration de PcTx1 (antagoniste des canaux ASIC1A, voie i.t.) prévient l'HSC induite par le butyrate, évaluée lors du test de DCR. Ce résultat indique que les canaux ASIC1A participent aux mécanismes centraux de l'HSC dans le modèle butyrate. Nous avons également montré par RT-PCR et Western blot que le canal ASIC1A est sur-exprimé dans la MEp des rats butyrate. De plus, il est exprimé dans les neurones spinaux activés par la DCR où il est co-localisé avec Fos. ASIC1A pourrait donc participer à la transmission du message nociceptif viscéral dans la corne dorsale de la MEp. L'expression des ARNm codant les sous-unités ASIC2A et ASIC2B a également été trouvée augmentée dans la MEp par RT-PCR ce qui suggère que l'hyper-excitabilité spinale observée dans le modèle butyrate pourrait résulter d'une augmentation des conductances ioniques générées par l'activation des canaux hétéromériques de type ASIC1/ASIC2. Tout comme à la périphérie, la sur-expression de ASIC1A pourrait être sous dépendance du NGF. Nos résultats montrent en effet que le NGF est exprimé dans la MEp et que l'administration systémique répétée d'anticorps anti-NGF prévient la sur-expression des ARNm et de la protéine ASIC1A dans la MEp des rats traités avec du butyrate. En conclusion, ce travail de thèse suggère que le NGF et le canal ASIC1A jouent un rôle critique dans le développement de douleurs viscérales en contribuant à la fois aux phénomènes de sensibilisations périphérique et centrale. La meilleure compréhension des mécanismes d'interaction ASIC-NGF dans l'HSC pourrait donc ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques dans le traitement des douleurs viscérales d'étiologie inconnue comme le SII en se basant sur des stratégies visant à diminuer l'effet potentialisateur du NGF sur les ASIC.

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Silva, Everton Henrique Carneiro da. "Ritmo e distensão: análise da tensão narrativa em Natalia Ginzburg." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-11012016-133010/.

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Este estudo parte de características das narrativas da escritora italiana Natalia Ginzburg (1916-1991) sublinhadas pela crítica especializada, como a abordagem de temas cotidianos, a presença de personagens embotados, a inexistência de atos melodramáticos e a ausência de grande tensão narrativa. O estilo da escritora é apresentado pela crítica como simples e direto, ocupando lugar secundário nas análises. Por isso, o objetivo central deste estudo é realizar uma análise estilística da obra de Natalia Ginzburg, destacando as técnicas narrativas empregadas. Para embasar esta abordagem discute-se o conceito de estilo simples proposto por Enrico Testa; os conceitos de sfondo, primo piano, ritmo narrativo, rilievo narrativo e tensão narrativa propostos por Harald Weinrich; e os conceitos de sumário narrativo e cena propostos por Norman Friedman. O estudo detalha a presença destas técnicas narrativas em dois romances de Natalia Ginzburg, Lessico famigliare e Le voci della sera, e as utiliza como principal forma de interpretação das narrativas da escritora.
This research starts with characteristics of Italian writer Natalia Ginzburg\'s (1916-1991) narratives highlighted by specialized critics, such as focus on everyday themes, the presence of blunted characters, lack of melodramatic acts, and the absence of narrative tension. The specialized critics presents the writer\'s style as simple and direct, holding a secondary position in the analyzes. Therefore, the central purpose of this research is to perform a stylistics analysis of Natalia Ginzburg\'s work, highlighting the narrative techniques adopted. To perform this approach the research discusses the concept of simple style by Enrico Testa; the concept of sfondo, primo piano, ritmo narrativo, rilievo narrativo and narrative tension proposed by Harald Weinrich; and the concept of summary narrative and scene proposed by Norman Friedman. The research details the presence of these narrative techniques in two novels, Lessico famigliare and Le voci della sera, and use them as main form of interpretation of the writers narratives.

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Walter, Susanna. "Irritable Bowel Syndrome : Diagnostic Symptom Criteria and Impact of Rectal Distensions on Cortisol and Electrodermal Activity." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7899.

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Santos, Valdenor Cabral dos. "DO GOLPE À DISTENSÃO: O ENREDO POLÍTICO DAS DIRETAS JÁ EM GOIÁS." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2018. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3995.

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The present work has as I aim to present as there happened Already the plot of the campaign of the direct elections in Goiás, we will board as one gave the movements on behalf of the campaign in the State. The used methodology will be an inquiry exploratory what will show also a short analysis on the military blow that president John Goulart placed in 1964. Goiás had a paper of distinction in the campaign of the Direct elections Already, the campaign was launched officially here in the State on the day 05/06/1983, when 12/04/1984 was turned almost a year later on the day and when more than 300 thousand persons are leading to the rally that happened in the Civic Square in Goiania. The campaign was organized by a front supra party, though the PMDB because of being the party of the governor has had a paper of bigger distinction. Governor Iris Rezende can be pointed like one of the central figures of the campaign in the state, since besides having the command of the party it was enjoying great prestige with the population from Goiás. THE PMDB in the state besides the governor and the mayor of the capital was counting on most of the state and federal deputies, and two of three representative senators of the state. Several labor unions and association classists stuck to the campaign and fulfilled an important paper in the mobilization. Goiás also Already suffered the last blow given against the approval of the campaign of the Direct elections, ten cities of the state suffered emergency measures to a week of the Vote, on the day 18/04/1984, to avoid any type of pressure on the Congressmen. By end the correction was rejected and the transition between the military regime and a civil government happened in the form negotiated electing Tancredo Neves he was seeing Electoral College.
A perspectiva desse trabalho é apresentar como se deu o enredo da campanha das Diretas Já em Goiás. Assim, abordaremos como se deram as movimentações em razão da campanha no Estado. A pesquisa mostrará também uma breve analise sobre o golpe militar que depôs o presidente João Goulart em 1964. Goiás teve um papel de destaque na campanha das Diretas Já, que foi lançada oficialmente no estado no dia 05/06/1983, e ao qual voltou quase um ano depois, dia 12/04/1984, levando mais de 300 mil pessoas ao comício que aconteceu na Praça Cívica, em Goiânia. A campanha foi organizada por uma frente suprapartidária, embora o PMDB, por ser o partido do então governador Iris Resende Machado, tenha tido um papel de maior destaque. O governador Iris Rezende pode ser apontado como uma das figuras centrais da campanha no estado, porque, além de ter o comando do partido, gozava de grande prestígio junto à população goiana. O PMDB goiano, além do governador e do prefeito da capital, contava com a maioria dos deputados estaduais e federais e dois dos três senadores representantes do estado. Diversos sindicatos e associações classistas aderiram à campanha e desempenharam um papel importante nas mobilizações. Goiás também sofreu o último golpe dado contra a aprovação da campanha das Diretas Já: dez cidades do estado sofreram medidas de emergência a uma semana da votação da Emenda Dante de Oliveira, no dia 18/04/1984, para evitar qualquer tipo de pressão sobre os congressistas. A emenda foi rejeitada e a transição entre o regime militar e um governo civil aconteceu de forma negociada, elegendo Tancredo Neves via Colégio Eleitoral.

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Sartori, Vitor Cibiac [UNESP]. "Avaliação da infusão contínua de lidocaína em equinos submetidos à distensão ileal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121936.

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A administração de lidocaína é indicada em equinos com cólica devido aos seus efeitos anti-inflamatório, analgésico visceral e pró-cinético. Objetivando avaliar os efeitos da administração de lidocaína sistêmica sobre a complacência, motilidade intestinal e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, foram utilizados sete equinos, divididos em dois grupos. Estes foram compostos pelos mesmos animais, em estudo cego, com intervalo mínimo de 15 dias entre os tratamentos. O grupo lidocaína (GL) recebeu bolus de 1,3 mg/kg (IV), durante 5 minutos, seguido de infusão contínua de 0,05 mg/kg/min (IV), durante 60 minutos. O grupo controle (GC) recebeu volume equivalente de solução NaCl 0,9% ao administrado no GL. Trinta dias antes do estudo, os animais foram submetidos à tiflostomia e implantação de cânula cecal. No dia do estudo, os animais foram submetidos à distensão intraluminal de íleo por meio de balão e mantidos em posição quadrupedal. A manifestação de desconforto abdominal e os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios foram avaliados por 90 minutos e a motilidade intestinal e concentração plasmática de lidocaína por 720 minutos. A complacência intestinal foi avaliada pela pressão do balão ileal durante 60 minutos ou até que dois sinais de desconforto abdominal fossem manifestados. Os valores de frequência cardíaca, temperatura retal, altura de cabeça, motilidade e pressão do balão não variaram entre GL e GC. Os valores da pressão arterial média variaram no GL, havendo incremento após dois e redução após 90 minutos de avaliação. A frequência respiratória no GL sofreu redução após 60 minutos, entretanto, no GC houve incremento após dois e quatro minutos da distensão do balão. O modelo desenvolvido para este estudo apresentou resultados confiáveis e expressivo potencial de replicação. A administração de lidocaína não apresenta influência sobre os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios ...
Lidocaine administration is indicated for horses with colic due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and prokinetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic lidocaine administration on intestinal wall compliance, motility and the cardiorespiratory parameters in seven horses. Animals were divided in two groups, in a double-blinded study, with a wash out period of 15 days in between treatments. The lidocaine group (LG) received a bolus of 1.3 mg/kg (IV) over five minutes, followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.05 mg/kg/h during 60 minutes. The control group (CG) received the same volume of saline that animals from LG were treated. Thirty days before the study, animals were submitted to a typhlostomy. At the day of the study, intraluminal ileum distension was performed using a balloon with animals under quadrupedal position. Signs of abdominal pain and cardiorespiratory parameters were evaluated for 90 minutes, and intestinal motility and lidocaine plasma concentration for 720 minutes. Intestinal complacence was evaluated by the pressure of the balloon during 60 minutes or until two signs of abdominal discomfort were observed. Heart rate, rectal temperature, height of the head, intestinal motility and pressure of the balloon were not different between LG and CG. Arterial blood pressure increased after two minutes and decreased after 90 minutes of evaluation. Respiratory rate reduced after 60 minutes for the LG, however, for the CG this parameter increased after two and four minutes of evaluation. The experimental model for intestinal distension was trustful and is potentially replicable. Lidocaine administration did not influence the cardiorespiratory parameters and the intestinal complacence evaluated using the pressure of the balloon in the equine ileus

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Sartori, Vitor Cibiac. "Avaliação da infusão contínua de lidocaína em equinos submetidos à distensão ileal /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121936.

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Orientador: Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão
Coorientador: Renata Gebara Sampaio Dória
Banca: Paulo Aléscio Canola
Banca: Juliana Regina Peiro
Resumo: A administração de lidocaína é indicada em equinos com cólica devido aos seus efeitos anti-inflamatório, analgésico visceral e pró-cinético. Objetivando avaliar os efeitos da administração de lidocaína sistêmica sobre a complacência, motilidade intestinal e parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, foram utilizados sete equinos, divididos em dois grupos. Estes foram compostos pelos mesmos animais, em estudo cego, com intervalo mínimo de 15 dias entre os tratamentos. O grupo lidocaína (GL) recebeu bolus de 1,3 mg/kg (IV), durante 5 minutos, seguido de infusão contínua de 0,05 mg/kg/min (IV), durante 60 minutos. O grupo controle (GC) recebeu volume equivalente de solução NaCl 0,9% ao administrado no GL. Trinta dias antes do estudo, os animais foram submetidos à tiflostomia e implantação de cânula cecal. No dia do estudo, os animais foram submetidos à distensão intraluminal de íleo por meio de balão e mantidos em posição quadrupedal. A manifestação de desconforto abdominal e os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios foram avaliados por 90 minutos e a motilidade intestinal e concentração plasmática de lidocaína por 720 minutos. A complacência intestinal foi avaliada pela pressão do balão ileal durante 60 minutos ou até que dois sinais de desconforto abdominal fossem manifestados. Os valores de frequência cardíaca, temperatura retal, altura de cabeça, motilidade e pressão do balão não variaram entre GL e GC. Os valores da pressão arterial média variaram no GL, havendo incremento após dois e redução após 90 minutos de avaliação. A frequência respiratória no GL sofreu redução após 60 minutos, entretanto, no GC houve incremento após dois e quatro minutos da distensão do balão. O modelo desenvolvido para este estudo apresentou resultados confiáveis e expressivo potencial de replicação. A administração de lidocaína não apresenta influência sobre os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios ...
Abstract: Lidocaine administration is indicated for horses with colic due to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic and prokinetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic lidocaine administration on intestinal wall compliance, motility and the cardiorespiratory parameters in seven horses. Animals were divided in two groups, in a double-blinded study, with a wash out period of 15 days in between treatments. The lidocaine group (LG) received a bolus of 1.3 mg/kg (IV) over five minutes, followed by a constant rate infusion of 0.05 mg/kg/h during 60 minutes. The control group (CG) received the same volume of saline that animals from LG were treated. Thirty days before the study, animals were submitted to a typhlostomy. At the day of the study, intraluminal ileum distension was performed using a balloon with animals under quadrupedal position. Signs of abdominal pain and cardiorespiratory parameters were evaluated for 90 minutes, and intestinal motility and lidocaine plasma concentration for 720 minutes. Intestinal complacence was evaluated by the pressure of the balloon during 60 minutes or until two signs of abdominal discomfort were observed. Heart rate, rectal temperature, height of the head, intestinal motility and pressure of the balloon were not different between LG and CG. Arterial blood pressure increased after two minutes and decreased after 90 minutes of evaluation. Respiratory rate reduced after 60 minutes for the LG, however, for the CG this parameter increased after two and four minutes of evaluation. The experimental model for intestinal distension was trustful and is potentially replicable. Lidocaine administration did not influence the cardiorespiratory parameters and the intestinal complacence evaluated using the pressure of the balloon in the equine ileus
Mestre

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Bichot, Francis. "La Tectonique distensive carbonifère dans les Pyrénées corrélations est-canadiennes et ouest-européennes." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375960324.

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Bichot, Francis. "La Tectonique distensive carbonifère dans les Pyrénées : Corrélations est-canadiennes et ouest-européennes." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30008.

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Le sujet de ce travail est la recherche d'indices permettant d'élargir la portée d'observations locales faites dans la chaine pyrénéenne et dans les provinces maritimes du canada, et tendant à suggérer l'existence de mouvements tectoniques distensifs dans la première partie de la période carbonifère. L’émersion épirogénique devono-tournaisienne et la transgression marine du tournaisien supérieur (biozone a scaliognathus anchoralis) apparaissent nettement dans les successions stratigraphiques du paléozoïque supérieur de la région du Somport (zone axiale des Pyrénées occidentales). Les conglomérats grossiers du namurien inferieur bordent des failles synsedimentaires et soulignent une paleotographie "en horsts et grabens" responsable de l'apparition de la sédimentation détritique. Le "culm" du synclinal de bellver (Pyrénées orientales espagnoles) traduit des conditions analogues mais moins distales et plus précoces (viseen terminal - namurien basal). La comparaison de ces successions stratigraphiques avec celles d'autres secteurs des Pyrénées carbonifères, des Asturies orientales et de la montagne noire suggère la reconstitution d'une paléogéographie complexe vraisemblablement contrôlée par des accidents prémonitoires aux grands linea- ments actuels. Les mécanismes tectoniques associes aux grands événements géologiques du paléozoïque supérieur sont ici analyses dans les Pyrénées et en Ibérie, en Armorique et dans les provinces maritimes du canada. Ainsi peut-on constater dans ces régions qu'une période ou s'expriment nettement des phénomènes distensifs séparé de façon caractéristique les deux crises orogéniques du dévonien moyen et du carbonifère supérieur
The purpose of this work is to look for indications tending to suggest the existence of distensive tectonic movements in the first part of the carboniferous period, on the basis of local observations made in the pyrenean range and maritim provinces of Canada. The devono-tournaisian epirogenic emersion and marine transgression of final tournaisian (biozone with scaliognathus anchoralis) appear clearly in the stratigraphic successions of upper paleozoic in the Somport region (western Pyrenees axial zone). The coarse conglomerates of earlier namurian found along synsedimentarian faults entrance a "horsts and grabens" paleotopography responsible for the emergence of detritic sedimentation. The "culm" of bellver's synclinal (spanish eastern Pyrenees) account for similar conditions although earlier and less distal. Comparaison between these stratigraphic successions and other areas in carboniferous Pyrenees, eastern Asturias and montagne noire would tend to indicate that the development of a complex paleogeography may have probably been controlled by accidents foreshowing the present great faults. The purpose of this publication is to analyze the tectonic movements combined with great geological events occured in upper paleozoic in the Pyrenees, Iberia, Armorica and maritim provinces of Canada. The two orogenic crisis of both medium devonian and upper carboniferous in those regions seem to be clearly separated by a period of distensive phenomena

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46

Mora, Curriao Elsa Maribel. "Poesía williche y poesía moderna: tensiones y distensiones de un diálogo estético-literario." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111095.

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Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Literatura
Esta tesis aborda las relaciones que se establecen entre la poesía de cuatro autores williches y la tradición de la poesía moderna. Tomando como base teórica las categorías de analogía e ironía propuestas por Octavio Paz como estructurantes de la poesía moderna, se analizan los poemarios Arco de interrogaciones de Bernardo Colipán, Palimpsesto de Paulo Huirimilla, Oratorio al señor de Pucatrihue de César Millahueique y La heredad del pasto y el agua de José Teiguel. Se identifican, en estos textos, los elementos poéticos y estéticos que los hacen singulares, distinguiendo aquellos vinculados a la tradición poética moderna y aquellos relacionados con la cultura williche, determinando las relaciones que se establecen entre ellos y que peculiarizan las propuestas estéticas de los autores. Más allá de las diferencias, en los textos estudiados se nota la necesidad de construir una poética propia entramada con la tradición de la poesía moderna, a través de referencias, técnicas y formas que se entrecruzan para ir situándose en una especie de “modernidad williche” que quiere aportar a la construcción de una literatura nacional mapuche desde sus particularidades históricas y regionales, apelando a su pertenencia a una identidad territorial. En ese entramado, analogía e ironía se tornan recursos que les permiten tensionar o distender la relación poesía y cultura williche. En términos socio-literarios advertimos que la presencia de los poetas williches enunciándose como tales, no sólo ha marcado un quiebre en la historia de la poesía chilena, sino también dentro de la poesía mapuche, poniendo la cuestión del territorio y la historia en el eje de una “identidad poética”. Nombrarse como williche les ha permitido, a estos poetas, romper de algún modo con el silenciamiento impuesto haciéndose audibles, visibles y legítimos, para los demás y para su pueblo.

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47

JÃnior, Raimundo Campos Palheta. "A distensÃo mecÃnica atrial direita diminui a complacÃncia gÃstrica em ratos normovolÃmicos anestesiados." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=505.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
GraÃa et al. (2002) observou em ratos que a hipervolemia aumenta o tÃnus gÃstrico, enquanto a hipovolemia o diminuÃa. Resolvemos estudar o efeito do estiramento cardÃaco sobre o tÃnus gÃstrico e os mecanismos neurais envolvidos. Metodologia: Ratos albinos machos (n=82, ~320g), anestesiados, com vasos cervicais canulados para registros hemodinÃmicos e distensÃo do Ãtrio (DA). Um grupo separado de animais foi submetido Ã vagotomia subdiafragmÃtica (DAIV) ou esplancnotomia (DAV). Para registro do volume gÃstrico (VG), foi introduzido per os um cateter com um balÃo de lÃtex posicionado no estÃmago proximal e acoplado a um pletismÃmetro. ApÃs perÃodo basal (15min), os ratos foram submetidos aos protocolos: falso distendido (FDA) ou animais submetidos durante 5 min Ã DA com 30, 50 ou 70ÂL, respectivamente (DAI), (DAII) e (DAIII), ou (DAIV) e (DAV) submetidos a DA com 50ÂL. Em seguida, houve monitoraÃÃo nos 30min seguintes, divididos em intervalos de 10 min, designados de D10, D20 e D30. Os dados relativos ao VG estÃo representados em percentagem de seus respectivos valores basais. Sendo analisados por ANOVA seguida do teste de Bonferroni. Resultados: NÃo houve variaÃÃes do VG e PVC no grupo FDA, porÃm no grupo DAI houve uma diminuiÃÃo significativa do VG em D20 e D30 (9.9% e 14%, respectivamente), nÃo houve aumento da PVC durante a DA. Nos grupos DAII e DAIII o VG diminuiu a partir de D10 (5% e 5.8%, respectivamente, p<0,05) com persistÃncia em D20 (8,5 e 13%,respectivamente) e D30 (11,5 e 16,5%, respectivamente). AlÃm disso, a PVC aumentou em ambos os grupos durante a DA (p< 0,05). No grupo IV, a vagotomia preveniu a diminuiÃÃo do GV, permanecendo inalterado o VG durante o perÃodo experimental. No grupo V, a esplancnotomia aumentou tal efeito, o VG diminuiu a partir de D10 (10,5%, p<0,05) se intensificando em D20 e D30 (16 % e 23,4%, respectivamente). ConclusÃo: A distensÃo do balÃo atrial alÃm de desencadear ajuste hemodinÃmicos diminui o VG em ratos anestesiados, efeito abolido apÃs vagotomia subdiafragmÃtica, e permanecendo acentuado nos animais esplancnotomizados

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48

Palheta, Júnior Raimundo Campos. "A distensão mecânica atrial direita diminui a complacência gástrica em ratos normovolêmicos anestesiados." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2622.

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PALHETA JÚNIOR, Raimundo Campos. A distensão mecânica atrial direita diminui a complacência gástrica em ratos normovolêmicos anestesiados. 2006. 91 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Farmacologia) - Universidade Federal do Ceará. Faculdade de Medicina, Fortaleza, 2006.
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Graça et al. (2002) observou em ratos que a hipervolemia aumenta o tônus gástrico, enquanto a hipovolemia o diminuía. Resolvemos estudar o efeito do estiramento cardíaco sobre o tônus gástrico e os mecanismos neurais envolvidos. Metodologia: Ratos albinos machos (n=82, ~320g), anestesiados, com vasos cervicais canulados para registros hemodinâmicos e distensão do átrio (DA). Um grupo separado de animais foi submetido à vagotomia subdiafragmática (DAIV) ou esplancnotomia (DAV). Para registro do volume gástrico (VG), foi introduzido per os um cateter com um balão de látex posicionado no estômago proximal e acoplado a um pletismômetro. Após período basal (15min), os ratos foram submetidos aos protocolos: falso distendido (FDA) ou animais submetidos durante 5 min à DA com 30, 50 ou 70µL, respectivamente (DAI), (DAII) e (DAIII), ou (DAIV) e (DAV) submetidos a DA com 50µL. Em seguida, houve monitoração nos 30min seguintes, divididos em intervalos de 10 min, designados de D10, D20 e D30. Os dados relativos ao VG estão representados em percentagem de seus respectivos valores basais. Sendo analisados por ANOVA seguida do teste de Bonferroni. Resultados: Não houve variações do VG e PVC no grupo FDA, porém no grupo DAI houve uma diminuição significativa do VG em D20 e D30 (9.9% e 14%, respectivamente), não houve aumento da PVC durante a DA. Nos grupos DAII e DAIII o VG diminuiu a partir de D10 (5% e 5.8%, respectivamente, p<0,05) com persistência em D20 (8,5 e 13%,respectivamente) e D30 (11,5 e 16,5%, respectivamente). Além disso, a PVC aumentou em ambos os grupos durante a DA (p< 0,05). No grupo IV, a vagotomia preveniu a diminuição do GV, permanecendo inalterado o VG durante o período experimental. No grupo V, a esplancnotomia aumentou tal efeito, o VG diminuiu a partir de D10 (10,5%, p<0,05) se intensificando em D20 e D30 (16 % e 23,4%, respectivamente). Conclusão: A distensão do balão atrial além de desencadear ajuste hemodinâmicos diminui o VG em ratos anestesiados, efeito abolido após vagotomia subdiafragmática, e permanecendo acentuado nos animais esplancnotomizados

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49

Naspolini, Ana Paula. "Tratamento de estrias atróficas com terapia de indução percutânea de colágeno versus laser fracionado não ablativo : estudo randomizado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179845.

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50

Gaspar, Diogo Fonseca Alves. "Desenvolvimento de dobras e falhas em ambiente distensional: aplica??o da modelagem f?sica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18796.

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The geological modeling allows, at laboratory scaling, the simulation of the geometric and kinematic evolution of geological structures. The importance of the knowledge of these structures grows when we consider their role in the creation of traps or conduits to oil and water. In the present work we simulated the formation of folds and faults in extensional environment, through physical and numerical modeling, using a sandbox apparatus and MOVE2010 software. The physical modeling of structures developed in the hangingwall of a listric fault, showed the formation of active and inactive axial zones. In consonance with the literature, we verified the formation of a rollover between these two axial zones. The crestal collapse of the anticline formed grabens, limited by secondary faults, perpendicular to the extension, with a curvilinear aspect. Adjacent to these faults we registered the formation of transversal folds, parallel to the extension, characterized by a syncline in the fault hangingwall. We also observed drag folds near the faults surfaces, these faults are parallel to the fault surface and presented an anticline in the footwall and a syncline hangingwall. To observe the influence of geometrical variations (dip and width) in the flat of a flat-ramp fault, we made two experimental series, being the first with the flat varying in dip and width and the second maintaining the flat variation in width but horizontal. These experiments developed secondary faults, perpendicular to the extension, that were grouped in three sets: i) antithetic faults with a curvilinear geometry and synthetic faults, with a more rectilinear geometry, both nucleated in the base of sedimentary pile. The normal antithetic faults can rotate, during the extension, presenting a pseudo-inverse kinematics. ii) Faults nucleated at the top of the sedimentary pile. The propagation of these faults is made through coalescence of segments, originating, sometimes, the formation of relay ramps. iii) Reverse faults, are nucleated in the flat-ramp interface. Comparing the two models we verified that the dip of the flat favors a differentiated nucleation of the faults at the two extremities of the mater fault. V These two flat-ramp models also generated an anticline-syncline pair, drag and transversal folds. The anticline was formed above the flat being sub-parallel to the master fault plane, while the syncline was formed in more distal areas of the fault. Due the geometrical variation of these two folds we can define three structural domains. Using the physical experiments as a template, we also made numerical modeling experiments, with flat-ramp faults presenting variation in the flat. Secondary antithetic, synthetic and reverse faults were generated in both models. The numerical modeling formed two folds, and anticline above the flat and a syncline further away of the master fault. The geometric variation of these two folds allowed the definition of three structural domains parallel to the extension. These data reinforce the physical models. The comparisons between natural data of a flat-ramp fault in the Potiguar basin with the data of physical and numerical simulations, showed that, in both cases, the variation of the geometry of the flat produces, variation in the hangingwall geometry
A modelagem geol?gica permite analisar, na escala de laborat?rio, a evolu??o geom?trica e cinem?tica de estruturas geol?gicas. A import?ncia do conhecimento destas estruturas adquire maior relevo considerando a sua influ?ncia na cria??o de condutos ou trapas de fluidos tais como hidrocarbonetos ou ?gua. No presente trabalho simulou-se a forma??o de dobras e falhas em ambiente tect?nico distensional, atrav?s de experimentos de modelagem f?sica, utilizando um aparato do tipo caixa-de-areia , e software de modelagem computacional. A modelagem f?sica de estruturas desenvolvidas no bloco alto de uma falha l?strica, mostrou a forma??o de zonas axiais ativas e inativas, respectivamente em regi?es proximais e distais da falha mestra. Em conson?ncia com a literatura, verificou-se a forma??o de um anticlinal rollover entre as duas zonas axiais. O colapso da crista do anticlinal forma grabens delimitados por falhas secund?rias, de aspecto curviplanar, perpendiculares ? distens?o. Junto ?s falhas secund?rias foi poss?vel registrar o surgimento de algumas dobras transversais, paralelas ? distens?o, caracterizadas por um sinclinal no teto da falha. Foram observadas, tamb?m, dobras de arrasto junto ? superf?cie das falhas. Estas dobras s?o paralelas ? falha mestra e s?o representadas por anticlinais no piso e sinclinais no teto da falha. Para observar a influ?ncia de varia??es (largura e mergulho) na geometria do piso de uma falha flat-ramp realizaram-se duas s?ries experimentais, sendo uma com o piso (flat) variando tanto em inclina??o como em largura e a segunda onde o piso ? horizontal mas conservou-se a varia??o de largura entre um extremo e o outro da falha. Esses experimentos desenvolveram falhas secund?rias, perpendiculares ? dire??o de distens?o, que foram agrupadas em tr?s conjuntos: i) falhas antit?ticas com geometria curviplanar, falhas sint?ticas, com uma geometria mais retil?nea, nucleadas da base para o topo da pilha sedimentar. As falhas normais antit?ticas podem rotacionar durante a distens?o, passando a apresentar uma cinem?tica pseudo-inversa. ii) Falhas nucleadas no topo da pilha sedimentar. A propaga??o dessas falhas ? feita pela coalesc?ncia de segmentos, ?s vezes originando rampas de revesamento. iii) Falhas reversas, nucleadas na interface piso-rampa da falha mestra. Comparando os dois modelos verifica-se que a III inclina??o do piso favorece uma nuclea??o diferenciada das falhas nos dois extremos do experimento. Al?m das falhas, esses dois modelos com falha flat-ramp geraram um par anticlinal/sinclinal, de primeira ordem e dobras de arrasto e transversais, de segunda ordem. O anticlinal forma-se acima do piso da falha subparalelo ao plano da falha mestra, enquanto o sinclinal desenvolve-se em por??es mais distais ? falha mestra. Com base nas varia??es geom?tricas destas dobras ao longo da extens?o da falha mestra foi poss?vel definir tr?s dom?nios estruturais distintos. Usando os modelos f?sicos como padr?o, foi realizada a modelagem computacional de falhas flat-ramp apresentando mudan?as geom?tricas no piso. Foram geradas falhas secund?rias antit?ticas, sint?ticas e reversas de caracter?sticas semelhantes em ambos os modelos. A modelagem computacional gerou duas dobras, um anticlinal na regi?o acima do piso da falha mestra, e um sinclinal mais distal ? falha. Com base nas varia??es geom?tricas destas dobras ? poss?vel definir tr?s dom?nios estruturais paralelos ? dire??o da distens?o. Esses dados refor?am os resultados obtidos com a modelagem f?sica. A compara??o de dados reais de uma falha com geometria flat-ramp da Bacia Potiguar com dados das simula??es f?sica e computacional, permitiu verificar que, em ambos os casos, uma varia??o na arquitetura do piso produz, tamb?m, varia??o na arquitetura do teto da falha

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