Journal articles: 'Distillation apparatus Distillation apparatus'

1

Hazra, N. K., and D. Mal. "Micropath Distillation Apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 73, no. 5 (May 1996): A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed073pa103.

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2

Raper, D. "Azeotropic distillation apparatus." Journal of Applied Chemistry 1, no. 1 (April 19, 2007): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010010110.

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Ali, Imran. "A Compact Steam Distillation Apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 73, no. 3 (March 1996): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed073p285.

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4

WESOŁOWSKA, Aneta, Monika GRZESZCZUK, and Dorota Jadczak. "INFLUENCE OF DISTILLATION APPARATUS AND DISTILLATION TIME ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WINTER SAVORY ESSENTIAL OIL." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 338, no. 44 (December 30, 2017): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2017.44.4.23.

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5

Yorke, S. G. "An improved automatic mercury-distillation apparatus." Journal of Applied Chemistry 2, no. 2 (May 4, 2007): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010020206.

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Milojevic, Svetomir, and Dejan Skala. "Refreshment topics II: Design of distillation columns." Chemical Industry 60, no. 3-4 (2006): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0604092m.

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For distillation column design it is necessary to define all the variable parameters such as component concentrations in different streams temperatures, pressures, mass and energy flow, which are used to represent the separation process of some specific system. They are related to each other according to specific laws, and if the number of such parameters exceeds the number of their relationships, in order to solve a problem some of them must be specified in advance or some constraints assumed for the mass balance, the balance of energy, phase equilibria or chemical equilibria. Knowledge of specific elements which are the constituents of a distillation unit must be known to define the number of design parameters as well as some additional apparati also necessary to realize the distilation. Each separate apparatus might be designed and constructed only if all the necessary and variable parameters for such a unit are defined. This is the right route to solve a distilation unit in many different cases. The construction of some distillation unit requires very good knowledge of mass, heat and momentum transfer phenomena. Moreover, the designer needs to know which kind of apparatus will be used in the distillation unit to realize a specific production process. The most complicated apparatus in a rectification unit is the distillation column. Depending on the complexity of the separation process one, two or more columns are often used. Additional equipment are heat exchangers (reboilers, condensers, cooling systems, heaters), separators, tanks for reflux distribution, tanks and pumps for feed transportation, etc. Such equipment is connected by pipes and valves, and for the normal operation of a distillation unit other instruments for measuring the flow rate, temperature and pressure are also required. Problems which might arise during the determination and selection of such apparati and their number requires knowledge of the specific systems which must be separated. The experience of the designer and his creativity for proposing a solution for an industrial unit which enables optimal process operation accompanied with minimal energy consumption, as well as a small number of apparati, and minimal total length of pipes and number of instruments is always a valuable additional effect for minimal investment costs and an optimal production process.

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Hsu, Sheng-Yen, Chan-Chiung Liu, Chia-En Yang, and Lung-Ming Fu. "Multifunctional microchip-based distillation apparatus I - Steam distillation for formaldehyde detection." Analytica Chimica Acta 1062 (July 2019): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.016.

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8

Cagle, M. D., T. T. Denton, J. M. Lucas, and E. J. Eisenbraun. "Air-Free Distillation and Multifraction Sealing Apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 70, no. 2 (February 1993): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed070p168.

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9

Bart, H. J., and J. Reidetschläger. "Distillation with Chemical Reaction and Apparatus Selection." Separation Science and Technology 30, no. 7-9 (April 1995): 1849–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399508010380.

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10

FADIAWATI, Noor, and Chansyanah DIAWATI. "CONSTRUCTING A SIMPLE DISTILLATION APPARATUS FROM USED GOODS BY USING PROJECT-BASED LEARNING." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.225_periodico32_pgs_207_213.pdf.

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Students had been challenged to build a simple distillation apparatus by using project-based learning. In these project of the apparatus, they were applied their knowledges and skills to look for an alternative replacement tools, plan, build, and test the functioning of the apparatus. A simple distillation apparatus was designed and constructed by students where some tools could be replaced with used goods, such as: (1) a bunsen burner could be replaced with an spirit-wall lamp; (2) a soft drink glass bottle replaces a Pyrex flask as a distilling flask; (3) a modified plastic bottle with alumunium tube and plastic hoses replaces a glass tubing as a condenser, and (4) a modified dynamo from car toys was used as aerator with source of electric current from battery, power bank, or electric using phone charger. The apparatus already could be used to purify sea water that modeled by saline solution. The distillates were clearer and colorless compared to saline solution and did not conduct electricity. Based on that, the project was improved students’ understanding and creative thinking skills on the distillation concepts.

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11

Dayao, Loise Ann N., Chan-Chiung Liu, Sheng-Yen Hsu, Lemmuel L. Tayo, Wei-Jhong Ju, and Lung-Ming Fu. "Multifunctional microchip-based distillation apparatus II - Aerated distillation for sulfur dioxide detection." Analytica Chimica Acta 1071 (September 2019): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.046.

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12

Jin, Ri Jun, Chao Qun Chu, Xiao Ping Wang, Dong Hao Li, and Xiang Fan Piao. "Research on Multifunctional Gas Chromatography Sample Pretreatment Apparatus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3440.

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Multifunctional gas chromatography sample pretreatment apparatus (hereinafter referred to as pretreatment apparatus), which is developed on the basis of gas purge micro-syringe extraction (GP-MSE) technique, is a gas chromatography (GC) sample pretreatment apparatus that integrates extraction, purification, concentration and predissociation. The quantitative and qualitative analysis results analyzed by GC-MS for volatile oil that extracted from the plant samples by steam distillation method and pretreatment apparatus, show that the volatile components extracted by the apparatus outnumber the ones extracted by steam distillation method clearly, and the content of major constituents extracted by the apparatus is higher. The apparatus have advantages of low consumption of agentia, short extraction time, high enrichment efficiency, simple structure, convenience in usage and low operating costs. The apparatus can be widely used in the areas of medicine, agriculture, food, quality control to the sample pretreatment of solid or liquid sample.

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13

Ellervik, Ulf, and Hans Grundberg. "A Microscale Vacuum Distillation Apparatus for Simple Separations." Journal of Chemical Education 76, no. 7 (July 1999): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed076p986.

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14

Boyter, Henry A., and Willy Shoup. "A useful sublimation and short-path distillation apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 65, no. 7 (July 1988): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed065p631.

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15

Coops, Albert J., Pieter J. Van der Jagt, John H. Duijsings, and Lucas B. Beentjes. "A multivial distillation apparatus for routine tritium urinanalysis." International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes 36, no. 5 (May 1985): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-708x(85)90284-4.

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16

Tóth, András József, Ágnes Szanyi, Enikő Haaz, and Péter Mizsey. "Separation of Process Wastewater with Extractive Heterogeneous-Azeotropic Distillation." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 44, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2016-0003.

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Abstract The application of vapour-liquid equilibria-based separation alternatives can be extraordinarily complicated for the treatment of process wastewaters containing heterogeneous-azeotropic. Despite dissimilar successfully tested methods for separation, there is possibility to get better distillation method by enabling the separation of more and more specific process wastewater. Extractive heterogeneous-azeotropic distillation (EHAD) is a new advance in treatment of fine chemical wastewater showing special features to cope with the treatment of highly non-ideal mixtures. This method combines the worth of heterogeneous-azeotropic and extractive distillations in one apparatus without addition of any extra materials. The study of the separations of ternary component process wastewater from the fine chemical industry shows both in the modelled and experimental results that EHAD can be successfully applied. The measured and modelled compositions at extreme purities, that is, close to 0% or 100%, can be different because of the inaccuracies of the modelling. This highlights the paramount importance of the experiments if special extra-fine chemicals with almost no impurities, e.g. of pharmacopoeial quality are to be produced by special distillation technique. This study expands the application of EHAD technique, this new field is the separation of process wastewaters.

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17

Wesołowska, Aneta, Monika Grzeszczuk, and Dorota Jadczak. "Comparison of chemical compositions of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) with use of Deryng and Clevenger apparatus." Herba Polonica 60, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2014-0006.

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Abstract The aim of the studies conducted in 2012-2013 was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) by hydrodistillation in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS analysis of the isolated oils revealed that carvacrol (42.81-45.24%), γ-terpinene (7.68-9.04%), β-caryophyllene (5.28-9.10%), β-bisabolene (5.76-6.91%) and carvacrol methyl ether (4.92-6.09%) were the major components of all the samples. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the main essential oil constituents of wild thyme. However, based on the means for both years of the study it was proved that hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus was more effective for carvacrol concentration, while in Clevenger apparatus - for y-terpinene and carvacrol methyl ether concentration. The type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the other essential oil constituents.

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18

Shaposhnikov, V. A., Yu S. Belozerov, Yu P. Kirillov, A. D. Bulanov, A. M. Potapov, and M. O. Steshin. "Modeling Iron Pentacarbonyl Ultrapurification in a Vertical Distillation Apparatus." Inorganic Materials 55, no. 11 (November 2019): 1172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168519110128.

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19

Hosein, R., and R. A. Dawe. "The Development of a True Boiling Point Distillation Apparatus." Petroleum Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (March 15, 2011): 906–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460903452017.

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20

Cai, Yu Qiang, and De Cai Li. "A Model for the Prediction of Bubble Detachment Diameters in Vapor Compression Distillation Assembly." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.841.

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The vapor compression distillation assembly is a phase-change water recovery technology which will reclaim water from urine, whose evaporator is a rotating container involving boiling heat transfer. The production rate of the apparatus depend on the bubble detachment diameter. In the article, based on the force equilibrium of bubble, the bubble detachment diameter formula is obtained, in which, the flow velocity along axis is neglected because it is very slow. The formula is very significant to the design of the apparatus and other relative apparatus.

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21

Syahrial, Syahrial, and M. Muchalal. "Isolation and Identification of Volatile Components in Tempe by Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction Method by Modified Extraction Method." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 2 (June 3, 2010): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21945.

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An isolation and identification of volatile components in temps for 2, 5 and 8 days fermentation by simultaneous distillation-extraction method was carried out. Simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus was modified by Muchalal from the basic Likens-Nickerson's design. Steam distillation and benzena as an extraction solvent was used in this system. The isolation was continuously carried out for 3 hours which maximum water temperature In the Liebig condenser was 8 °C. The extract was concentrated by freeze concentration method, and the volatile components were analyzed and identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The Muchalal's simultaneous distillation extraction apparatus have some disadvantage in cold finger condenser, and it's extractor did not have condenser. At least 47, 13 and 5 volatile components were found in 2, 5 and 8 days fermentation, respectively. The volatile components in the 2 days fermentation were nonalal, ɑ-pinene, 2,4-decadienal, 5-phenyldecane, 5-phenylundecane, 4-phenylundecane, 5-phenyldodecane, 4-phenyldodecane, 3-phenyldodecane, 2-phenyldodecane, 5-phenyltridecane, and caryophyllene; in the 5 days fermentation were nonalal, caryophyllene, 4-phenylundecane, 5-phenyldodecane, 4-phenyldodecane, 3-phenyldodecane, 2-phenyldodecane; and in the 8 days fermentation were ethenyl butanoic, 2-methy1-3-(methylethenyl)ciclohexyl etanoic and 3,7-dimethyl-5-octenyl etanoic.

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22

Cho, Ho-Cheol, Soon Ah Kang, Sung-Inn Choi, and Chul Cheong. "Quality Characteristics of Fruit Spirits from a Copper Distillation Apparatus." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 42, no. 5 (May 31, 2013): 743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.5.743.

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23

Eisenbraun, E. J., M. D. Cagle, J. M. Lucas, and T. T. Denton. "Large-Scale Sublimation and Evaporative-Distillation Using an Improved Apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 72, no. 5 (May 1995): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed072p476.

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24

Sahraoui, Naima, Maryline Abert Vian, Isabelle Bornard, Chahrazed Boutekedjiret, and Farid Chemat. "Improved microwave steam distillation apparatus for isolation of essential oils." Journal of Chromatography A 1210, no. 2 (November 2008): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.078.

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25

Inoue, Makoto, Nasashi Shima, and Tadayoshi Tsukeda. "Recycling of Mg-Al-Ca Based Alloy by Vacuum Distillation." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.223.

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In this study, it examined recycling of a Mg-Al-Ca based alloy by vacuum distillation. The vacuum distillation used a vacuum distillation apparatus and it evacuated a vacuum and heated the Mg-Al-Ca based alloy to less than 1Pa at 600°C. Condenser temperature changed it into 280-420°C and performed it. It melted and cast the magnesium condensate which I collected by the vacuum distillation and investigated corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The condensation ratio increased so that condenser temperature was low. The quantity of zinc decreased so that condenser temperature was high. The quantity of calcium increased slightly so that condenser temperature was high. Most of the other elements did not mix it. The corrosion resistance of castings was good. The elongation of castings became bigger than commercial pure magnesium.

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26

Chen, Lei, Ze Gang Sun, Yu Cong Liu, Chang Niu Yang, and Wen Quan Huang. "A Study on the Supporting Plate of the Steaming Bucket." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.274.

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Steaming bucket apparatus were used widely in liquor distillation by solid fermentation in liquor production. The multihole supporting plate of steaming bucket apparatus used widely at present has the disadvantages such as channeling, dead band and leakage. It is necessary to study the model selection, opening ratio and the distribution parameters of the hole of supporting plate by scientific analysis and rational design, which has great guiding significance for the design of subsequent prototype.

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27

Alkire, B. H., and J. E. Simon. "A Portable Steam Distillation Unit for Essential Oil Crops." HortTechnology 2, no. 4 (October 1992): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.4.473.

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An experimental steam distillation unit has been designed, built, and tested for the extraction of essential oils from peppermint and spearmint. The unit, using a 130-gal (510-liter) distillation tank, is intermediate in size between laboratory-scale extractors and commercial-sized distilleries, yet provides oil in sufficient quantity for industrial evaluation. The entire apparatus-a diesel-fuel-fired boiler, extraction vessel, condenser, and oil collector-is trailer-mounted, making it transportable to commercial farms or research stations. Percentage yields of oil per dry weight from the unit were slightly less than from laboratory hydrodistillations, but oil quality and terpene composition were similar.

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Heath, Andrew B., and Robert R. Black. "Assisted Distillation Cleanup of Pesticide Residues in Animal Fats: New Beadless Distillation Tube." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 5 (September 1, 1987): 862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.5.862.

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Abstract A new assisted distillation tube has been developed which contains no glass beads or glass wool. The sample is injected into the top of the tube, and a septum is not required. Large ground-glass joints (10/ 19) are used at the gas inlet and at the Florisil trap connection for maximum strength. Existing assisted distillation apparatus was easily modified to accept the new tubes. Recoveries of 9 organochlorine pesticides from butter and cattle fat ranged from 87 to 104% at a tube temperature of 230°C and a nitrogen flow rate of 250 mL/min. No significant change occurred in recoveries of 8 of the 9 pesticides after 85 uses of the headless tube. Only the recovery of HCB from butter decreased, from 95 to 80%, after 51 runs. The new tube was compared with the Unitrex glass bead-packed concentric tube at flow rates of 230, 400, and 600 mL nitrogen/min. Recoveries from the Unitrex tube were similar to those of the headless tube for all pesticides except DDT which was significantly lower, indicating incomplete distillation at 250 mL/min and possible partial breakdown at 400 and 600 mL/min. A procedure is introduced for pressurized solvent washing of distillation tubes. This procedure is more efficient than vacuum washing

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29

Campbell, Duncan C. "Micro-Kjeldahl Analysis Using 40-Tube Block Digestor and Steam Distillation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 6 (November 1, 1986): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.6.1013.

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Abstract A steam distillation unit was developed for use with a 40-tube block digestor (25 x 290 mm tubes). Initial digestion for 10 min with sufficient H2SO4 alone avoids frothing. A K2SO4/HgO mixture is then added and the digestion is continued. Use of condenser tubes and a fan to cool condensers and the tops of digestion tubes allows the use of high block temperatures (450°C) and long digestion times (1.5 h) with little loss of acid. The steam distillation unit incorporates a large head which contains the steam/sample solution mixture during distillation. The large distillation head allows the acid and base solutions to be sufficiently dilute to avoid a violent reaction when mixed. Distillation was 99.9% complete about 2.2 min after distillate appeared in the condenser. To demonstrate the use of the apparatus, rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. Altex) was ground and forty 0.5 g samples were analyzed giving the following results: mean 23.34%, SD 0.07, CV 0.005%, min. 23.17%, max. 23.46%, range 0.29%. Complete digestion and recovery rate were indicated for nicotinic acid by recovery of 99.9-100.0% of the nitrogen.

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30

Pilone, Gordon J. "Determination of Ethanol in Wine by Titrimetric and Spectrophotometric Dichromate Methods: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 2 (March 1, 1985): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.2.188.

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Abstract A dichromate-spectrophotometric method for the determination of ethanol in wine was compared in a collaborative, matched pair study with the AOAC dichromate-titrimetric method, 11.008-11.011. Both methods require distillation of the sample into dichromate. The titrimetric method measures ethanol by titrating the excess dichromate with ferrous ammonium sulfate after conversion of ethanol to acetic acid; the spectrophotometric method directly measures the reduced dichromate formed after oxidation. In addition to comparing the 2 methods, the collaborative study also compared the use of 2 types of assemblies for obtaining the ethanol distillate: the Scott-type, which is used in 11.008-11.011, and the electric Kirk-type. Results of the collaborative study indicated that the repeatability and reproducibility of the official titrimetric method were generally far superior to those of the spectrophotometric method; therefore, adoption of the spectrophotometric method is not recommended. Comparison of titrimetric method results obtained using the 2 types of stills indicated that repeatability and reproducibility were somewhat better when Scott apparatus was used, but measurements using Kirk-type compared well in the range of ethanol concentrations found in table and fortified wines. The Kirk-type distillation apparatus has been adopted official first action as an alternative to Scott apparatus in the dichromate oxidation method for ethanol in wine, 11.008-11.011.

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Sun, Guo Fu, Jing Li Xu, Chun Hua Sui, and Hong Yan Si. "Brackish Water Desalination by Air-Sweep Vacuum Membrane Distillation." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2084–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2084.

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An air sweep vacuum membrane distillation process was used to treat brackish water desalination. The only operating parameter of the apparatus is the sweeping air flow rate. The effect of sweeping air flow rate on desalination was observed. The produced/condensed water rate was about 2.5 g/h for the PP module. The conductivity of produced water was about 92 μs·cm-1, the salt rejection was above 95%.

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Pan, Xiao Hui, Jin Mei Wang, Tie Cheng Wu, and Yi Fan Sun. "Compound Extraction and Component Analysis on Volatile Oil of Artemisia Argyi." Advanced Materials Research 465 (February 2012): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.465.255.

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Abstract: In order to prepare natural anti-mosquito agent, the volatile oil was extracted from artemisia argyi by three-step of water extraction, steam distillation and organic solvent extraction. Three factors have been optimized. They were material/liquid ratio, distillation time and crushing particle size having influence on the extraction efficiency. The experimental results showed as: the optimum extraction process was that material/liquid ratio for 1:20, distillation time for 4 hours and crashing particle size for 40 meshes. At optimized extraction process condition, the extraction efficiency was 0.71%. Chemical constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry apparatus (GC-MS). They were mainly single terpenoids and its derivatives, including monocylic single terpenoids and 2-ring single terpenoids. Primary components were eucalyptol, camphor, camphene, borneol and so on. This provided good foundation for preparation of anti-mosquito and anti-insect agent.

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OZAKI, Shigeko, Ryosuke MORIUCHI, and Eiko NAKAMURA. "Distillation Method Using Miniature Apparatus for Determination of Total Cyanide by FIA." BUNSEKI KAGAKU 61, no. 11 (2012): 953–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.61.953.

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Liu, Sumeng, and Gregory S. Girolami. "Microscale vacuum distillation apparatus for high-boiling, air- and heat-sensitive liquids." Talanta 223 (February 2021): 121747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121747.

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35

Tapp, Michaela, Shehzaad Kauchali, Brendon Hausberger, Craig McGregor, Diane Hildebrandt, and David Glasser. "An experimental simulation of distillation column concentration profiles using a batch apparatus." Chemical Engineering Science 58, no. 2 (January 2003): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(02)00469-4.

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Reche, Roni Vicente, Alexandre Ferreira Leite Neto, Alexandre Ataide Da Silva, Carlos Alexandre Galinaro, Renata Zachi De Osti, and Douglas Wagner Franco. "Influence of Type of Distillation Apparatus on Chemical Profiles of Brazilian Cachaças." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55, no. 16 (August 2007): 6603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0704110.

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37

Lubilanji Mulopo, Jean, Diane Hildebrandt, David Glasser, Brendon Hausberger, and Shezaad Kauchali. "Experimental simulation of distillation concentration profiles using batch apparatus: Column stripping section." Chemical Engineering Science 60, no. 24 (December 2005): 6815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2005.05.061.

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38

Chzhan, Victoria, Irina Tereshina, Gennady Burkhanov, Galina Politova, and Henryk Drulis. "Magnetic phase diagrams of Gd-H, Tb-H, Dy-H systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818505011.

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We study the impact of hydrogen impurity on the magnetic phase transition temperatures of the high purity rare-earth metals Gd, Tb and Dy. Prior to hydrogenation, the rare earths were purified by the vacuum distillation method. Hydrogenation was carried out using a Sievert-type apparatus. Magnetic phase diagrams were constructed based on the thermomagnetic analysis.

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39

TONOGAI, YASUHIDE, YOSHIO ITO, SHUNJIRO OGAWA, and MASAHIRO IWAIDA. "Determination of Dibromochloropropane and Related Fumigants in Citrus Fruit." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.11.909.

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A simple and systematic procedure for determination of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP), chlorobutol (TCB) and seven related compounds in citrus fruits was established. Since these compounds have extremely high volatility, the distillation apparatus for volatile oil determination was used. These compounds were trapped into cyclohexane (more than 94.2–98.4% at spiking levels of 0.5–50 ppm) by this distillation. The distillate was purified by Florisil column chromatography. All compounds except TCB were eluted with n-hexane:ether(93:7) and TCB was eluted with ether. Each eluate was injected into an ECD-gas chromatograph directly for determination. Their recoveries from lemon, orange and grapefruit were within 91.5–98.6% at the spiking levels of 0.01–1 ppm.

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40

El Kamli, T., M. El Hamdani, N. Eloutassi, F. Errachidi, R. Chabir, and A. Bour. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Activities of Rosmarinus officinalis Essential Oil From Moroccan Middle Atlas." Phytothérapie 18, no. 3-4 (September 12, 2019): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/phyto-2019-0128.

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This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis obtained by three different extraction methods: DA: Artisanal distillation; the essential oils were obtained directly from small cooperatives using a very traditional (nonindustrial) method and based on the technique of Steam distillation; DI: Industrial distillation which is also based on steam distillation; and DC: hydrodistillation through Clevenger apparatus laboratory. The chemical analyses were carried out with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); they identified 16 components representing more than 99.89% of the essential oil and indicate that the chemotype is 1,8-Cineole and varies according to the method used (DI: 49.09%, DA: 42.12%, and DC: 53.21%). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the β-carotene bleaching test measuring percent inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system. The disc diffusion and modified resazurin microtiter-plate assays were used, respectively, to evaluate the inhibition zones (IZ) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil. In general, Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil showed a lower antioxidant and antimicrobial activity than 1,8-Cineole the major component of the essential oil.

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Kahl, Alandra, Danita Heller, and Kim Ogden. "Constructing a Simple Distillation Apparatus To Purify Seawater: A High School Chemistry Experiment." Journal of Chemical Education 91, no. 4 (January 27, 2014): 554–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed400262v.

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Kawala, Zdzislaw, and Karl Stephan. "Evaporation rate and separation factor of molecular distillation in a falling film apparatus." Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12, no. 1 (1989): 406–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120158.

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Ferhat, Mohamed A., Brahim Y. Meklati, Jacqueline Smadja, and Farid Chemat. "An improved microwave Clevenger apparatus for distillation of essential oils from orange peel." Journal of Chromatography A 1112, no. 1-2 (April 2006): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.030.

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Yakhyaev, M. A., V. S. Gutenkov, C. A. Cardona, and Yu A. Pisarenko. "Development of Reaction-Rectification Process of Obtaining Mesityl Oxide. II. Analysis of Statics and Modeling of the Process." Fine Chemical Technologies 14, no. 2 (May 20, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2019-14-2-23-32.

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Using the results of an earlier study of the physicochemical properties of the reaction system of the process of producing mesityl oxide, an analysis of the statics of the combined variant of the organization of this process was carried out. It is shown that of practical interest are the modes of the process corresponding to the first specified separation. In this case, the limiting stationary states, characterized by the maximum acetone conversion, selectivity, and the yield of the target product — mesityl oxide, are distinguished. The possibility of practical implementation of the limiting stationary state of the reactive distillation process for producing mesityl oxide, which provides almost complete conversion of acetone with a yield of mesityl oxide approaching 100%, has been proved. The limit stationary state corresponds to the reaction-distillation process with the selection of a single product stream. For the mode of carrying out the combined process that corresponds to the selected limiting stationary state, a schematic flow chart for the production of the target product has been proposed. By means of computational research, it has been established that the most rational option for organizing a reaction hub is to use a single apparatus in it — the reaction-distillation column. In the Aspen Plus® software package, a process model was constructed that corresponded to the proposed technological scheme and through a computational experiment, its structural and parametric optimization was carried out. As a result, the static parameters of the technological system were established, as well as the characteristics of the apparatuses, allowing to obtain the required quality product in the reactiondistillation column. output, approaching 100%. It has been shown that when modeling a chemicaltechnological system, it is necessary to use different sets of parameters of the basic equation used to describe phase equilibrium. Thus, for calculating reactive distillation and distillation columns, the liquid – vapor phase equilibrium parameters for the mesityl oxide–water system should be used, and when calculating the Florentine vessel for this mixture, it is necessary to use the parameters corresponding to the liquid – liquid equilibrium. The use of a single set of parameters of the basic equation leads to significant errors and inadequate description of the process of producing mesityl oxide by condensation of acetone.

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Karapandzova, Marija, Ivana Cvetkovikj, Gjoshe Stefkov, Vlatko Stoimenov, Martin Crvenov, and Svetlana Kulevanova. "The influence of duration of the distillation of fresh and dried flowers on the essential oil composition of lavandin cultivated in Republic of Macedonia." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 58 (October 2012): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2012.58.004.

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The main objective of this study was to analyze the essential oil composition of cultivated lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel., Lamiaceae) from Republic of Macedonia and to evaluate the influence of the drying time of plant material and the distillation duration on the oil composition. Four different essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus from freshly harvested and air dried flowers of lavandin and varying in distillation time (30 min and 2 h). Fifty-six compounds were identified by GC/ FID/MS representing 96.57% to 98.23% of the total oil. Prevailing constituents in all tested oils were linalool, borneol and terpinene-4-ol, present in amounts from 35.23 to 42.24%, 12.28 to 16.68% and 4.44 to 5.62%, respectively. The content of 1,8-cineole varied from 3.99% to 8.42% while that of camphor was between 5.96% and 7.04%. Linalyl acetate was present in amounts from 1.26% to 3.21%. Unexpectedly, the duration of distillation insignificantly influenced the essential oil composition. Few differences, mainly in the content of borneol (13.71% and 16.68% in the oil from fresh and dried flowers, respectively) were recorded in the essential oils obtained by 30 minutes distillation, while the content of the other constituents was almost unchanged. However, the isolated essential oils of lavandin did not comply with the international standards requirements for the lavandin essential oil composition.

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Kamli, Taha EL, Faouzi Errachidi, Noureddine Eloutassi, Houmane Majid, Rachida Chabir, and Abdellatif Bour. "Comparaison Quantitative Et Qualitative Des Huiles Essentielles De Rosmarinus Officinalis Obtenues Par Différentes Méthodes." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 21 (July 31, 2017): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p172.

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Rosmarinus officinalis is among the most abundant medicinal and aromatic plants in Morocco. There are several factors that influence the yield of quality and quantity of essential oils of this plant. This work focuses on the study, characterization and comparison of the chemical composition of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis. The raw material studied is originally from the central part of northern Morocco (Skoura M'Daz region, Eastern Middle Atlas). The essential oils of rosemary were obtained by three different extraction methods : DA: Artisanal distillation, the essential oils were obtained directly from small cooperatives using a very traditional (nonindustrial) method and based on the technique of Steam distillation ; DI: Industrial distillation which is also based on Steam distillation; DC: hydrodistillation by clevenger apparatus Laboratory. The physicochemical characterization of essential oils focuses on the search for the yield of % essential oil with regard to the dry rosemary biomass, density, refractive index and rotatory power. The chemical analyzes were carried out by gas chromatography (GC), they identified 11 components representing more than 99.64% of the essential oil and indicate that the chemotype is 1.8 cineole and is varied according to the method (DI: 48.83%, DA: 41.28% and DC: 51.77%). In conclusion we have shown a quantitative and qualitative loss of essential oils due to the extraction method of essential oils, which has direct repercussions on the economy of rural Morocco and consequently on their sustainable development.

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Fernandes, Francisco M., A. Cristina Figueiredo, José G. Barroso, Luís G. Pedro, Christopher C. Wilcock, and Miguel A. A. Pinheiro de Carvalho. "Volatiles of the Inflorescences of the Madeiran Orchids, Goodyera macrophylla Lowe and Gennaria diphylla (Link) Parl. and Their Role in Pollination." Natural Product Communications 2, no. 4 (April 2007): 1934578X0700200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0700200414.

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Goodyera macrophylla, considered a rare endemic, and Gennaria diphylla are two native terrestrial Orchidaceae species that can be found mainly in Madeiran Laurisilva. The volatile compounds contributing to the floral scent of these two Madeiran orchids were analysed and compared for the first time. The volatiles, isolated by distillation-extraction in a Likens-Nickerson-type apparatus, and those extracted by headspace sorption, were analysed by GC and GC-MS. The main volatile components isolated by distillation-extraction were γ-terpinene (13%) and n-nonanal (11%) in G. macrophylla and n-octacosane (19%) and n-heptacosane (13%) in G. diphylla. The main volatile components isolated by headspace sorption were p-cymene (21%), α-pinene (15%) and linalool (14%) in G. macrophylla and cis-arbusculone (28%) and lilac alcohol (26%) in G. diphylla. The importance of the volatiles in the pollination of these orchids is discussed.

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B. Brasil, Rogerio, Claudenice Rodrigues, and Jorge Nozaki. "RECOVERY OF MERCURY FROM DENTAL AMALGAMS COLLECTED IN THE NORTHWEST REGION OF PARANA STATE, BRAZIL." SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 7, no. 8 (December 20, 1999): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.v7.n8.1999.79_1999.pdf.

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Wastes amalgams were collected from dental cabinets of the northwest region of the Parana State, Brazil. Amalgams collected were washed with 0.1M nitric acid and distilled water, dried at 80°C, and crushed to 1OO mesh. Digestion of the brown powder was performed using two types of reactors. The first was made of pyrex glass and the second reactor of stainless steel, both connected to a PVC tube with Mn02 and a vacuum pump. The efficiency observed was higher for the second reactor, with 96-98% of mercury recovered, and the minimum time necessary for digestion was 180 minutes. After the digestion, the mercury was transferred to a conventional apparatus for mercury distillation and purification. The distillation was performed two times and the final mercury recovered was 99% pure. Silver and tin were also recovered by chemical and electrochemical methods after the mercury separation.

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Nellessen, Cornelius, Thomas Klein, Hans-Jürgen Rapp, and Frank Rögener. "Membrane Distillation for the Production of Pharmaceutical-Grade Water—Investigation into the Application of AGMD and VMD." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 6058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116058.

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The production of pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates and final products strongly depends on the utilization of water. Water is also required for the purification and preparation of reagents. Each specific application determines the respective water quality. In the European Union, the European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.) contains the official standards that assure quality control of pharmaceutical products during their life cycle. According to this, the production of water for pharmaceutical use is mainly based on multi-stage distillation and membrane processes, especially, reverse osmosis. Membrane distillation (MD) could be an alternative process to these classical methods. It offers advantages in terms of energy demand and a compact apparatus design. In the following study, the preparation of pharmaceutical-grade water from tap water in a one-step process using MD is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the performance of two different module designs and on the selection of optimum process parameters.

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Yang, Yue Yun, and Xiao Guang Wang. "Selection of Salting Agent for Extractive Distillation of Ethanol-Water System." Advanced Materials Research 396-398 (November 2011): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.396-398.543.

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The selection of salting agents for extractive distillation of ethanol-water system through analyzing the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE)data was studied. Firstly, the atmospheric VLE data of the ethanol-water system were measured, and the reliability of the vapor-liquid equilibrium apparatus was tested by comparing the measured VLE data with those reposed in the literature and by checking their thermodynamic consistency.Secondly, the atmospheric VLE data of the Ethanol-water system with agents were measured, and also the changes in relative volatility and the selectivity were checked, so that the optimum agent lithium chloride was then selected. Finally, the impact of the lithium chloride concentration on VLE data of Ethanol-water system was studied.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Distillation apparatus Distillation apparatus'

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