Journal articles: 'Distillation apparatus'

1

Hazra, N. K., and D. Mal. "Micropath Distillation Apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 73, no. 5 (May 1996): A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed073pa103.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Raper, D. "Azeotropic distillation apparatus." Journal of Applied Chemistry 1, no. 1 (April 19, 2007): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010010110.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Galiga, Henley. "Development of an improvised convertible distillation apparatus for teaching and learning chemistry." Palawan Scientist 11 (July 2019): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.69721/tps.j.2019.11.1.06.

Full text

Abstract:

Distillation is an important concept in chemistry as it involves separation techniques which are widely used in various industries. However, despite its significance, it is hardly understood and appreciated because it is rarely performed in laboratory experiments. Distillation requires expensive apparatus to conduct which most schools cannot afford. Hence, an improvised convertible distillation apparatus for simple, fractional and steam distillation was developed using common household and recyclable materials. Improvised measuring devices were also fabricated to determine the purity of the distillates. The performance of improvised apparatus was assessed and compared with the standard apparatus using real samples. The improvised apparatus, using fractional distillation set-up, produced 91.3% alcohol from alcoholic beverage while the simple/steam distillation setup, yielded distilled water from the salt-water sample and essential oil from pomelo (Citrus maxima) peel with percentage yield of 0.56%, respectively. The improvised apparatus for fractional distillation yielded a higher alcohol content (x̅=91.3%; 95%CI=91.0, 91.6) than the standard apparatus (x̅=85.7%; 95%CI=85.3, 86.1) while the efficiency of separation of the improvised apparatus for simple/steam distillation was comparable with standard apparatus. Thus, the improvised apparatus offers a cheaper alternative for conducting distillation process in chemistry experiments. The cost of performing distillation process is further reduced by using improvised measuring devices to measure the purity of the distillates in lieu of chemicals and reagents. Aside from being cost-effective, the improvised apparatus is easy to construct, durable, user-friendly and safe to use.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wesołowska, Aneta, Dorota Jadczak, and Karolina Zyburtowicz. "Influence of distillation time and distillation apparatus on the chemical composition and quality of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2023): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2023-0036.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In the study, the influence of distillation time as well as distillation apparatus on the chemical composition and quality of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) essential oil were investigated. Two different types of distillation apparatuses: Deryng (popular in Poland) and Clevenger-type (recommended by European Pharmacopoeia) were used for the isolation of the essential oil from dried lavender flowers (Lavandulae flos). Moreover, different distillation times (2, 3 and 4 hours) were also applied. The chemical composition of the isolated oils, determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealed the dominance of linalool (11.55–17.19%) and linalyl acetate (12.84–16.78%) in the all analyzed samples. Other important constituents were: caryophyllene oxide (5.66–7.35%), lavandulyl acetate (4.64–5.40%) and borneol (4.62–5.51%). On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the distillation time and distillation apparatus affect the amounts of some constituents in the lavender oil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sehwantoro, Wahyu, Fifin Hindarti, and Mawar Oktivina. "RANCANG BANGUN DAN UJI KINERJA DESTILATOR ELEKTRIK SEBAGAI ALAT DESTILASI PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN BIOETHANOL." SAINSTECH: JURNAL PENELITIAN DAN PENGKAJIAN SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 31, no. 2 (January 11, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37277/stch.v31i2.1125.

Full text

Abstract:

Reserves of fuel oil, especially those from fossil fuels, are dwindling, while the people's need for fuel oil is increasing. Dependence on fossil fuels needs to be addressed immediately. So it is necessary to develop renewable energy sources as alternative energy to replace fuel oil. One of them is by utilizing bioethanol as an alternative. The process of making bioethanol involves a distillation process. In this study, the design and performance test of an electric distillation apparatus was carried out by utilizing molasses as a raw material for making bioethanol. The aim is to determine the quality of the alcohol content in bioethanol which is processed using an electric distillation apparatus. Electrical distillator testing includes functional tests and performance tests. Functional testing is done by testing the components used in the tool so that it can be seen whether the tool is functioning properly. Meanwhile, the performance test of the electric distillator is an automatic performance test of a tool to produce bioethanol. The performance test procedure of the electric distillator was carried out using a bimetallic thermostat of 76ºC and 85ºC, to measure the distillation time and determine the alcohol content in bioethanol. From the results of the study, it was found that for an electric distillator that uses a bimetallic thermostat of 76˚C, the processing time of 70.43 hours produces bioethanol with an alcohol content of 61.7% and an electric distillator that uses a bimetallic thermostat of 85˚C with a processing time of 0.56 hours to produce bioethanol. with an alcohol content of 35%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Ali, Imran. "A Compact Steam Distillation Apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 73, no. 3 (March 1996): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed073p285.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Milojevic, Svetomir, and Dejan Skala. "Refreshment topics II: Design of distillation columns." Chemical Industry 60, no. 3-4 (2006): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0604092m.

Full text

Abstract:

For distillation column design it is necessary to define all the variable parameters such as component concentrations in different streams temperatures, pressures, mass and energy flow, which are used to represent the separation process of some specific system. They are related to each other according to specific laws, and if the number of such parameters exceeds the number of their relationships, in order to solve a problem some of them must be specified in advance or some constraints assumed for the mass balance, the balance of energy, phase equilibria or chemical equilibria. Knowledge of specific elements which are the constituents of a distillation unit must be known to define the number of design parameters as well as some additional apparati also necessary to realize the distilation. Each separate apparatus might be designed and constructed only if all the necessary and variable parameters for such a unit are defined. This is the right route to solve a distilation unit in many different cases. The construction of some distillation unit requires very good knowledge of mass, heat and momentum transfer phenomena. Moreover, the designer needs to know which kind of apparatus will be used in the distillation unit to realize a specific production process. The most complicated apparatus in a rectification unit is the distillation column. Depending on the complexity of the separation process one, two or more columns are often used. Additional equipment are heat exchangers (reboilers, condensers, cooling systems, heaters), separators, tanks for reflux distribution, tanks and pumps for feed transportation, etc. Such equipment is connected by pipes and valves, and for the normal operation of a distillation unit other instruments for measuring the flow rate, temperature and pressure are also required. Problems which might arise during the determination and selection of such apparati and their number requires knowledge of the specific systems which must be separated. The experience of the designer and his creativity for proposing a solution for an industrial unit which enables optimal process operation accompanied with minimal energy consumption, as well as a small number of apparati, and minimal total length of pipes and number of instruments is always a valuable additional effect for minimal investment costs and an optimal production process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

WESOŁOWSKA, Aneta, Monika GRZESZCZUK, and Dorota Jadczak. "INFLUENCE OF DISTILLATION APPARATUS AND DISTILLATION TIME ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WINTER SAVORY ESSENTIAL OIL." Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 338, no. 44 (December 30, 2017): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2017.44.4.23.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Yorke, S. G. "An improved automatic mercury-distillation apparatus." Journal of Applied Chemistry 2, no. 2 (May 4, 2007): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010020206.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Arifianto, Deni, Ampar Jaya Suwondo, M. Hasan Abdullah, Chendrasari Wahyu Octavia, Astria Hindratmo, and Onny Purnamayudhia. "Perancangan Alat Destilasi Limbah Ampas Tahu Menjadi Bahan Bakar Bioethanol Melalui Metode Quality Function Deployment (QFD)." Journal of System Engineering and Technological Innovation (JISTI) 2, no. 01 (April 27, 2023): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.38156/jisti.v2i01.47.

Full text

Abstract:

Fuel oil is experiencing an increase in demand in various sectors of life impacting the distribution process and meeting market needs. Bioethanol is a new and renewable energy with great potential to replace fuel oil. One alternative material for producing bioethanol is tofu dregs. Tofu dregs raw material processing can be done by distillation process. This study uses conventional distillation with the addition of components which are expected to produce bioethanol with good quality. The design of the distillation apparatus uses the QFD (Quality Function Development) approach. So the purpose of this study was to determine the technical characteristics of the bioethanol distillation system based on customer needs. The design of a bioethanol distillation apparatus made from Tofu Dregs using the QFD method resulted in several criteria for the device expected by the customer, including fast distillation time, amount of ethanol production, fermentation time, ergonomics, hydrolysis time, octane content and solution composition. The importance level of fast distillation time was 4.06, total ethanol production was 3.8, fermentation time was 3.67, ergonomic design was 3.63, hydrolysis time was 3.26, octane level was 3.21 and solution composition was 3.15. The resulting tool is capable of processing tofu dregs into bioethanol. The dimensions of the tool are 1264 mm in length, 1226 mm in width, and a total tool height of 1275 mm. The distillation apparatus is equipped with a set of vessels, condensers, coolers and heaters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

FADIAWATI, Noor, and Chansyanah DIAWATI. "CONSTRUCTING A SIMPLE DISTILLATION APPARATUS FROM USED GOODS BY USING PROJECT-BASED LEARNING." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.225_periodico32_pgs_207_213.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

Students had been challenged to build a simple distillation apparatus by using project-based learning. In these project of the apparatus, they were applied their knowledges and skills to look for an alternative replacement tools, plan, build, and test the functioning of the apparatus. A simple distillation apparatus was designed and constructed by students where some tools could be replaced with used goods, such as: (1) a bunsen burner could be replaced with an spirit-wall lamp; (2) a soft drink glass bottle replaces a Pyrex flask as a distilling flask; (3) a modified plastic bottle with alumunium tube and plastic hoses replaces a glass tubing as a condenser, and (4) a modified dynamo from car toys was used as aerator with source of electric current from battery, power bank, or electric using phone charger. The apparatus already could be used to purify sea water that modeled by saline solution. The distillates were clearer and colorless compared to saline solution and did not conduct electricity. Based on that, the project was improved students’ understanding and creative thinking skills on the distillation concepts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Jin, Ri Jun, Chao Qun Chu, Xiao Ping Wang, Dong Hao Li, and Xiang Fan Piao. "Research on Multifunctional Gas Chromatography Sample Pretreatment Apparatus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 3440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.3440.

Full text

Abstract:

Multifunctional gas chromatography sample pretreatment apparatus (hereinafter referred to as pretreatment apparatus), which is developed on the basis of gas purge micro-syringe extraction (GP-MSE) technique, is a gas chromatography (GC) sample pretreatment apparatus that integrates extraction, purification, concentration and predissociation. The quantitative and qualitative analysis results analyzed by GC-MS for volatile oil that extracted from the plant samples by steam distillation method and pretreatment apparatus, show that the volatile components extracted by the apparatus outnumber the ones extracted by steam distillation method clearly, and the content of major constituents extracted by the apparatus is higher. The apparatus have advantages of low consumption of agentia, short extraction time, high enrichment efficiency, simple structure, convenience in usage and low operating costs. The apparatus can be widely used in the areas of medicine, agriculture, food, quality control to the sample pretreatment of solid or liquid sample.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Heller, Daniel, Simon Roj, Julia Switulla, Ralf Kölling, and Daniel Einfalt. "Tackling Foam-Based Process Disruptions in Spirit Distillation by Thermal Energy Input Adaptations." Food and Bioprocess Technology 15, no. 4 (March 1, 2022): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-022-02785-5.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractProcess impairing foam formation occurs regularly in batch distillation devices of the spirit industry. It negatively influences process and product quality. Up to now, such foam-related problems have not been in the focus of scientific investigations. This study aimed at preventing impairing foam formations by adapting the thermal energy input in fruit and grain mash distillations in larger scale batch distillations. The results showed that a reduction of the thermal energy input to 43 ± 1 W·L−1 during the initial heating of the mash leads to less flooding of the distillation apparatus and to a higher concentration of lower boiling compounds like methanol, acetaldehyde, and ethyl acetate as well as ethanol in the first fractions of the distillates. A standard process time and less energy consumption could be achieved by increasing the energy input again after prior reduction. However, this led to a reduction of the ethanol concentration in the distillate fractions of up to 4.3%vol, also most severe in the first fractions. A significant influence on analyzed volatile compounds in the distillate besides ethanol could not be detected. This is the first study that uses defined thermal energy input adaptations for foam management in larger scale distillation devices. The results lead the way to a more efficient distillation process with less foam formation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Hsu, Sheng-Yen, Chan-Chiung Liu, Chia-En Yang, and Lung-Ming Fu. "Multifunctional microchip-based distillation apparatus I - Steam distillation for formaldehyde detection." Analytica Chimica Acta 1062 (July 2019): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.016.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Achmad Faisal Faputri and Indah Agus Setiorini. "PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TRAYS IN ATMOSPHERIC FRACTIONATION COLUMN WITH SOUTH PALEMBANG DISTRICT (SPD) CRUDE OIL FEED." Jurnal Cakrawala Ilmiah 2, no. 7 (April 12, 2023): 3133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53625/jcijurnalcakrawalailmiah.v2i7.5467.

Full text

Abstract:

Distillation's role is to separate the components it separates based on the boiling point of each component to produce the desired product with the principle of evaporation, namely the evaporation of components. In the industrial world the role of fractional distillation is very important. This study aims to design a fractional distillation apparatus, to know the process and performance of the column and the theory of fractionation separation with the role of column support facilities. Using raw material in the form of 10 liters of SPD crude oil, the separation is divided into three fractions. Then the product from the top section is the gasoline fraction with a temperature range of 28 - 165 ¬¬oC, the middle section is the kerosene fraction with a temperature range of 165 - 300 oC, and the bottom part is the diesel fraction with a temperature range of 300 - 350 oC. So it can be concluded that the distillation column is in accordance with the desired calculation of the raw materials used.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Cagle, M. D., T. T. Denton, J. M. Lucas, and E. J. Eisenbraun. "Air-Free Distillation and Multifraction Sealing Apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 70, no. 2 (February 1993): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed070p168.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Bart, H. J., and J. Reidetschläger. "Distillation with Chemical Reaction and Apparatus Selection." Separation Science and Technology 30, no. 7-9 (April 1995): 1849–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496399508010380.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Dayao, Loise Ann N., Chan-Chiung Liu, Sheng-Yen Hsu, Lemmuel L. Tayo, Wei-Jhong Ju, and Lung-Ming Fu. "Multifunctional microchip-based distillation apparatus II - Aerated distillation for sulfur dioxide detection." Analytica Chimica Acta 1071 (September 2019): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.046.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Wesołowska, Aneta, Monika Grzeszczuk, and Dorota Jadczak. "Comparison of chemical compositions of essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) with use of Deryng and Clevenger apparatus." Herba Polonica 60, no. 2 (October 2, 2014): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2014-0006.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The aim of the studies conducted in 2012-2013 was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils isolated from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) by hydrodistillation in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus. GC-MS analysis of the isolated oils revealed that carvacrol (42.81-45.24%), γ-terpinene (7.68-9.04%), β-caryophyllene (5.28-9.10%), β-bisabolene (5.76-6.91%) and carvacrol methyl ether (4.92-6.09%) were the major components of all the samples. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the main essential oil constituents of wild thyme. However, based on the means for both years of the study it was proved that hydrodistillation in Deryng apparatus was more effective for carvacrol concentration, while in Clevenger apparatus - for y-terpinene and carvacrol methyl ether concentration. The type of distillation apparatus had no significant effect on the content of the other essential oil constituents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Tanaiyo, Djiofhany, Evi Sunarti Antu, and Syamsu Akuba. "Rancang Bangun Alat Destilasi Bioetanol Berbahan Dasar Nira Aren." Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Gorontalo (JTPG) 7, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30869/jtpg.v7i1.905.

Full text

Abstract:

The palm tree is a type of palm plant that has financial potential and can be used for various purposes. In some areas of Gorontalo, most of the palm sap is used for the manufacture of brown sugar and/or palm sugar. In addition, palm sap can also be used as a basic material for making bioethanol. Bioethanol from palm sap can be used as an alternative fuel to replace fuel oil. Bioethanol obtained from palm sap is generally made through a distillation process or what is known as distillation. The purpose of the research is to design a small-scale bioethanol distillation device so that it is easy to use by sugar palm farmers. The research method applied is divided into two stages, namely design and testing. Bioethanol distillation equipment is made by making components and fabricating. The testing of tools in the process of making bioethanol from palm sap is carried out through several stages, namely pasteurization, fermentation and distillation. The bioethanol distillation apparatus has tubes that are used in the pasteurization, fermentation, and distillation processes. This tube is made of stainless steel with a thickness of 1.5 mm. The pipe and condenser are made of stainless steel with a diameter of 4 inches. The distillation apparatus is equipped with an activated thermometer to measure the temperature that occurs during the heating process of palm sap. Palm sap fermentation was carried out for 3 days at room temperature. The distillation process is carried out at temperatures ranging from 78-80oC. Based on the test results obtained bioethanol with an alcohol content of 55% as much as 200 mL of 5000 mL of basic ingredients. These results indicate that the distillation process is not perfect. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and improve aspects that can optimize the bioethanol distillation process from palm sap.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Latuheru, Reinyelda D., and Peter Sahupala. "Design of Eucalyptus Oil Refining Destilator (Melaleuca Cajuputi)." INFLUENCE : International Journal of Science Review 3, no. 2 (September 6, 2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54783/influence.v3i2.145.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this research is to design a distillation of eucalyptus oil and analyze the distillation rate on the yield of oil quality. This study uses an experimental method that directly makes a distillation apparatus, conducts experiments and observations to collect the necessary data, and then analyzes it with the Indonesian national quality standard, SNI 06-3954-2006. The design of the eucalyptus oil distillation apparatus is made in two major parts, namely the kettle as a distillation site and the condenser as a place for evaporation of steam into the water to obtain distillate which will then be separated to produce eucalyptus oil. The results showed that the highest average temperature measured on the surface of the boiler was 158°C, and the highest average temperature on the stove surface was 138°C. The average amount of water that is evaporated in the boiler is 19.0 liters in one distillation process. Distillation was carried out for 6 hours. Thus, the average water that can be evaporated in the boiler every hour is 4.0 liters/m². The amount of vaporized water is 4 liters of the total water in the kettle, as much as 19 liters; only 21.053% of the water is evaporated. The analysis results of these two samples show the quality of eucalyptus oil produced from the study. Namely, the color of the oil is clear/transparent, the odor produced is typical of eucalyptus oil, the specific gravity of the two samples is 0.9128 gr/ml, the refractive index is 0.4, and the oil yield is obtained. 1.2%. The temperature obtained is relatively tiny, namely, 203.8092 MJ, while the total energy needed to evaporate water is 11.2356127 MJ. It means that only 18.5% of energy can be generated in the distillation process in the boiler. The energy requirement of kerosene is 203,8092 MJ of the total need for kerosene used in the refining process of 5 liters. Still, it can be seen that the energy used to produce steam is only 11,2356127 MJ of the total available energy of 203,8092 MJ. A lot of energy is wasted because of the heat protection from the distillation apparatus, resulting in a resulting thermal efficiency of only 5.5%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Tóth, András József, Ágnes Szanyi, Enikő Haaz, and Péter Mizsey. "Separation of Process Wastewater with Extractive Heterogeneous-Azeotropic Distillation." Hungarian Journal of Industry and Chemistry 44, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hjic-2016-0003.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The application of vapour-liquid equilibria-based separation alternatives can be extraordinarily complicated for the treatment of process wastewaters containing heterogeneous-azeotropic. Despite dissimilar successfully tested methods for separation, there is possibility to get better distillation method by enabling the separation of more and more specific process wastewater. Extractive heterogeneous-azeotropic distillation (EHAD) is a new advance in treatment of fine chemical wastewater showing special features to cope with the treatment of highly non-ideal mixtures. This method combines the worth of heterogeneous-azeotropic and extractive distillations in one apparatus without addition of any extra materials. The study of the separations of ternary component process wastewater from the fine chemical industry shows both in the modelled and experimental results that EHAD can be successfully applied. The measured and modelled compositions at extreme purities, that is, close to 0% or 100%, can be different because of the inaccuracies of the modelling. This highlights the paramount importance of the experiments if special extra-fine chemicals with almost no impurities, e.g. of pharmacopoeial quality are to be produced by special distillation technique. This study expands the application of EHAD technique, this new field is the separation of process wastewaters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Boyter, Henry A., and Willy Shoup. "A useful sublimation and short-path distillation apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 65, no. 7 (July 1988): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed065p631.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Ellervik, Ulf, and Hans Grundberg. "A Microscale Vacuum Distillation Apparatus for Simple Separations." Journal of Chemical Education 76, no. 7 (July 1999): 986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed076p986.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Coops, Albert J., Pieter J. Van der Jagt, John H. Duijsings, and Lucas B. Beentjes. "A multivial distillation apparatus for routine tritium urinanalysis." International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes 36, no. 5 (May 1985): 408–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-708x(85)90284-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Syahrial, Syahrial, and M. Muchalal. "Isolation and Identification of Volatile Components in Tempe by Simultaneous Distillation-Extraction Method by Modified Extraction Method." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 2 (June 3, 2010): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21945.

Full text

Abstract:

An isolation and identification of volatile components in temps for 2, 5 and 8 days fermentation by simultaneous distillation-extraction method was carried out. Simultaneous distillation-extraction apparatus was modified by Muchalal from the basic Likens-Nickerson's design. Steam distillation and benzena as an extraction solvent was used in this system. The isolation was continuously carried out for 3 hours which maximum water temperature In the Liebig condenser was 8 °C. The extract was concentrated by freeze concentration method, and the volatile components were analyzed and identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The Muchalal's simultaneous distillation extraction apparatus have some disadvantage in cold finger condenser, and it's extractor did not have condenser. At least 47, 13 and 5 volatile components were found in 2, 5 and 8 days fermentation, respectively. The volatile components in the 2 days fermentation were nonalal, ɑ-pinene, 2,4-decadienal, 5-phenyldecane, 5-phenylundecane, 4-phenylundecane, 5-phenyldodecane, 4-phenyldodecane, 3-phenyldodecane, 2-phenyldodecane, 5-phenyltridecane, and caryophyllene; in the 5 days fermentation were nonalal, caryophyllene, 4-phenylundecane, 5-phenyldodecane, 4-phenyldodecane, 3-phenyldodecane, 2-phenyldodecane; and in the 8 days fermentation were ethenyl butanoic, 2-methy1-3-(methylethenyl)ciclohexyl etanoic and 3,7-dimethyl-5-octenyl etanoic.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Dobreva, A., and M. Todorova. "A new type of laboratory microdevice for distillation of lavender and herb raw materials." Agricultural Science and Technology 15, no. 3 (September 2023): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ast.2023.03.030.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Bulgaria is known for its essential oils and medicinal plants, which occupy increasing parts in the agricultural areas. In recent years, the boom in lavender production has made our country the largest producer of lavender oil in the world. This intensified the scientific work with it and led to the creation of new lavender varieties and lines that are used in production. All research and tests on an industrial scale go through the laboratory distillation of small amounts of plant material to determine the quantity and quality of essential oil. In laboratory practice, micro-apparatus for water distillation is widely used, which does not reflect the real results for the yield and quality of the product. This necessitated the creation of a new laboratory device for determining the content of essential oil in raw materials with labile (rich in esters) oil by the application of steam distillation. The design of this apparatus mirrors industrial installations, thus the results it produces accurately simulate those of industrial production. Tests with herbal raw materials, like Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Salva sclarea L. and Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don showed that the model is effective and applicable. The oils obtained by the new apparatus retained an ester content of 40.2%, 75.0% and 4.8%, respectively; these figures represent a significant improvement over previous methods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Shaposhnikov, V. A., Yu S. Belozerov, Yu P. Kirillov, A. D. Bulanov, A. M. Potapov, and M. O. Steshin. "Modeling Iron Pentacarbonyl Ultrapurification in a Vertical Distillation Apparatus." Inorganic Materials 55, no. 11 (November 2019): 1172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168519110128.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Hosein, R., and R. A. Dawe. "The Development of a True Boiling Point Distillation Apparatus." Petroleum Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (March 15, 2011): 906–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460903452017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Cai, Yu Qiang, and De Cai Li. "A Model for the Prediction of Bubble Detachment Diameters in Vapor Compression Distillation Assembly." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.841.

Full text

Abstract:

The vapor compression distillation assembly is a phase-change water recovery technology which will reclaim water from urine, whose evaporator is a rotating container involving boiling heat transfer. The production rate of the apparatus depend on the bubble detachment diameter. In the article, based on the force equilibrium of bubble, the bubble detachment diameter formula is obtained, in which, the flow velocity along axis is neglected because it is very slow. The formula is very significant to the design of the apparatus and other relative apparatus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Inoue, Makoto, Nasashi Shima, and Tadayoshi Tsukeda. "Recycling of Mg-Al-Ca Based Alloy by Vacuum Distillation." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.223.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, it examined recycling of a Mg-Al-Ca based alloy by vacuum distillation. The vacuum distillation used a vacuum distillation apparatus and it evacuated a vacuum and heated the Mg-Al-Ca based alloy to less than 1Pa at 600°C. Condenser temperature changed it into 280-420°C and performed it. It melted and cast the magnesium condensate which I collected by the vacuum distillation and investigated corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. The condensation ratio increased so that condenser temperature was low. The quantity of zinc decreased so that condenser temperature was high. The quantity of calcium increased slightly so that condenser temperature was high. Most of the other elements did not mix it. The corrosion resistance of castings was good. The elongation of castings became bigger than commercial pure magnesium.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Chen, Lei, Ze Gang Sun, Yu Cong Liu, Chang Niu Yang, and Wen Quan Huang. "A Study on the Supporting Plate of the Steaming Bucket." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 274–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.274.

Full text

Abstract:

Steaming bucket apparatus were used widely in liquor distillation by solid fermentation in liquor production. The multihole supporting plate of steaming bucket apparatus used widely at present has the disadvantages such as channeling, dead band and leakage. It is necessary to study the model selection, opening ratio and the distribution parameters of the hole of supporting plate by scientific analysis and rational design, which has great guiding significance for the design of subsequent prototype.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Cho, Ho-Cheol, Soon Ah Kang, Sung-Inn Choi, and Chul Cheong. "Quality Characteristics of Fruit Spirits from a Copper Distillation Apparatus." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 42, no. 5 (May 31, 2013): 743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2013.42.5.743.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Eisenbraun, E. J., M. D. Cagle, J. M. Lucas, and T. T. Denton. "Large-Scale Sublimation and Evaporative-Distillation Using an Improved Apparatus." Journal of Chemical Education 72, no. 5 (May 1995): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed072p476.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Sahraoui, Naima, Maryline Abert Vian, Isabelle Bornard, Chahrazed Boutekedjiret, and Farid Chemat. "Improved microwave steam distillation apparatus for isolation of essential oils." Journal of Chromatography A 1210, no. 2 (November 2008): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.078.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Pilone, Gordon J. "Determination of Ethanol in Wine by Titrimetric and Spectrophotometric Dichromate Methods: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 68, no. 2 (March 1, 1985): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/68.2.188.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A dichromate-spectrophotometric method for the determination of ethanol in wine was compared in a collaborative, matched pair study with the AOAC dichromate-titrimetric method, 11.008-11.011. Both methods require distillation of the sample into dichromate. The titrimetric method measures ethanol by titrating the excess dichromate with ferrous ammonium sulfate after conversion of ethanol to acetic acid; the spectrophotometric method directly measures the reduced dichromate formed after oxidation. In addition to comparing the 2 methods, the collaborative study also compared the use of 2 types of assemblies for obtaining the ethanol distillate: the Scott-type, which is used in 11.008-11.011, and the electric Kirk-type. Results of the collaborative study indicated that the repeatability and reproducibility of the official titrimetric method were generally far superior to those of the spectrophotometric method; therefore, adoption of the spectrophotometric method is not recommended. Comparison of titrimetric method results obtained using the 2 types of stills indicated that repeatability and reproducibility were somewhat better when Scott apparatus was used, but measurements using Kirk-type compared well in the range of ethanol concentrations found in table and fortified wines. The Kirk-type distillation apparatus has been adopted official first action as an alternative to Scott apparatus in the dichromate oxidation method for ethanol in wine, 11.008-11.011.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Alkire, B. H., and J. E. Simon. "A Portable Steam Distillation Unit for Essential Oil Crops." HortTechnology 2, no. 4 (October 1992): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.2.4.473.

Full text

Abstract:

An experimental steam distillation unit has been designed, built, and tested for the extraction of essential oils from peppermint and spearmint. The unit, using a 130-gal (510-liter) distillation tank, is intermediate in size between laboratory-scale extractors and commercial-sized distilleries, yet provides oil in sufficient quantity for industrial evaluation. The entire apparatus-a diesel-fuel-fired boiler, extraction vessel, condenser, and oil collector-is trailer-mounted, making it transportable to commercial farms or research stations. Percentage yields of oil per dry weight from the unit were slightly less than from laboratory hydrodistillations, but oil quality and terpene composition were similar.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Muliyadi, Muliyadi Muliyadi, and Idayani Sangadjisowohy. "Penurunan Nilai TDS Pada Air Laut Menggunakan Destilasi Sederhana." Jurnal Sehat Mandiri 17, no. 1 (May 23, 2022): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33761/jsm.v17i1.616.

Full text

Abstract:

Sea water pollution can cause direct and indirect health impacts. Environmental problems, water pollution problems in big cities in Indonesia, have shown quite serious symptoms. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability of the distillation method to reduce Total Dissolved Solid in seawater. This research method is a simple experimental design with a post test only group control design, carried out in the chemistry laboratory of the Ternate Health Polytechnic, with a simple distillation apparatus, 10 liters of seawater samples are used in each test. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was conducted to test the difference in TDS values before and before distillation. There is a significant difference in the value of Salinity before and before distillation with the value of Sig. (2-tailed) it is known that 0.00 There is a significant difference in the TDS value before and before distillation with the Sig value. (2-tailed) is known to be 0.00. Simple distillation can reduce the pollutant load of TDS in seawater so that it can turn seawater into fresh water. Based on these results, it is hoped that further research will not only test TDS but also be able to test BOD and DO in seawater.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Sudana, I. Made, I. Gede Nyoman Suta Waisnawa, and I. Made Rajendra. "Development of cooling condensor shell and tube with cooling tower on the distillation equipment for the making of RHUM beverages." International research journal of engineering, IT & scientific research 8, no. 5 (September 29, 2022): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v8n5.2190.

Full text

Abstract:

Distillation is a method of separating chemicals based on differences in the speed or ease of evaporation (volatility) of the material in distillation, the mixture of substances is boiled so that it evaporates, and this vapor is then cooled back into the form of a liquid. The condenser is a heat exchanger that functions as a medium for the condensation process. Cooling towers are able to lower the water temperature more than equipment that only uses air to dissipate heat. This study aims to observe the temperature of the shell and tube condenser with a cooling tower system on the alcohol content produced in the distillation apparatus. Experimental research method is testing the cooling tower cooling system on the shell and tube condenser for the distillation of rum drinks. The results of the development of a condenser cooling system distillation device with a cooling tower have an average temperature of Tu in 81.3°C and Tu out 41.0ºC in the condenser, the average water flow rate is 46 liters per minute. Meanwhile, the cooling water in the cooling tower has an average temperature of Tw in water 46.6°C and Tw out water 47.5°C.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Campbell, Duncan C. "Micro-Kjeldahl Analysis Using 40-Tube Block Digestor and Steam Distillation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 6 (November 1, 1986): 1013–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.6.1013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A steam distillation unit was developed for use with a 40-tube block digestor (25 x 290 mm tubes). Initial digestion for 10 min with sufficient H2SO4 alone avoids frothing. A K2SO4/HgO mixture is then added and the digestion is continued. Use of condenser tubes and a fan to cool condensers and the tops of digestion tubes allows the use of high block temperatures (450°C) and long digestion times (1.5 h) with little loss of acid. The steam distillation unit incorporates a large head which contains the steam/sample solution mixture during distillation. The large distillation head allows the acid and base solutions to be sufficiently dilute to avoid a violent reaction when mixed. Distillation was 99.9% complete about 2.2 min after distillate appeared in the condenser. To demonstrate the use of the apparatus, rapeseed (Brassica napus cv. Altex) was ground and forty 0.5 g samples were analyzed giving the following results: mean 23.34%, SD 0.07, CV 0.005%, min. 23.17%, max. 23.46%, range 0.29%. Complete digestion and recovery rate were indicated for nicotinic acid by recovery of 99.9-100.0% of the nitrogen.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Pan, Xiao Hui, Jin Mei Wang, Tie Cheng Wu, and Yi Fan Sun. "Compound Extraction and Component Analysis on Volatile Oil of Artemisia Argyi." Advanced Materials Research 465 (February 2012): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.465.255.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: In order to prepare natural anti-mosquito agent, the volatile oil was extracted from artemisia argyi by three-step of water extraction, steam distillation and organic solvent extraction. Three factors have been optimized. They were material/liquid ratio, distillation time and crushing particle size having influence on the extraction efficiency. The experimental results showed as: the optimum extraction process was that material/liquid ratio for 1:20, distillation time for 4 hours and crashing particle size for 40 meshes. At optimized extraction process condition, the extraction efficiency was 0.71%. Chemical constituents were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry apparatus (GC-MS). They were mainly single terpenoids and its derivatives, including monocylic single terpenoids and 2-ring single terpenoids. Primary components were eucalyptol, camphor, camphene, borneol and so on. This provided good foundation for preparation of anti-mosquito and anti-insect agent.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Irdawati, Irdawati, Fahra Fahra, Dwi Hilda Putri, Dezi Handayani, and Yusrizal Yusrizal. "Effect of the Thermophilic Bacterial Biculture Consortium from Mudiak Sapan Hot Springs on Biofuel Production." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 10 (October 25, 2023): 9032–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.3597.

Full text

Abstract:

Biofuels are fuels derived from biomass and consist of biogas, biodiesel and bioethanol. Bioethanol is a biofuel whose main ingredients are from plants and generally use microorganisms in the fermentation process. One way is to use thermophilic bacteria with the advantage of low contamination levels and better product quality. Bacteria that exist in nature are not only in a single form but also exist in the form of a consortium in which there are beneficial or detrimental bacterial interactions. Favorable bacterial interactions indicate that the bacteria are compatible. Using a consortium with compatible bacteria gives better results than using a single bacteria. This study aims to determine the compatibility and effect of a consortium of thermophilic bacteria from Mudiak Sapan hot springs on biofuel yields. This research is a descriptive research. To test the cooperation between isolates, a compatibility test was carried out using the disk diffusion method. Then the biculture consortium isolates of thermophilic bacteria were fermented in liquid TMM medium (Thermophilic Minimum Media) and the bioethanol content was measured using a distillation apparatus. The results of this study showed that the six pairs of compatible consortium and MS 9-12 consortium produced the highest bioethanol, namely 1.0003%. Then the biculture consortium isolates of thermophilic bacteria were fermented in liquid TMM medium (Thermophilic Minimum Media) and the bioethanol content was measured using a distillation apparatus. The results of this study showed that the six pairs of compatible consortium and MS 9-12 consortium produced the highest bioethanol, namely 1.0003%. Then the biculture consortium isolates of thermophilic bacteria were fermented in liquid TMM medium (Thermophilic Minimum Media) and the bioethanol content was measured using a distillation apparatus. The results of this study showed that the six pairs of compatible consortium and MS 9-12 consortium produced the highest bioethanol, namely 1.0003%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Voronov, M. V., S. V. Popov, O. V. Khabibrakhmanov, and A. D. Yulin. "Study of possible options for technological schemes of gas fractionation plants for a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 85, no. 1 (February 21, 2023): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2023-1-194-203.

Full text

Abstract:

Analysis of the component composition of the ethane-propane fraction obtained from the wide fraction of light hydrocarbons (NGL) at operating gas fractionation plants shows that due to the insufficiently clear separation of light hydrocarbons С1÷С3, a high propane content is observed in the ethane-propane fraction (EPF). SPE is used in the pyrolysis plant, where ethylene is obtained as the target intermediate, therefore, under industrial conditions, it is necessary to ensure the maximum possible extraction of propane from the SPE composition. In the technological scheme of operating plants, SME is obtained using a fractionating absorber or a distillation column. In both versions, the SME is taken from the top of the apparatus, and the bottom product containing C3+ hydrocarbons is fed for further fractionation. In order to analyze the operation of gas fractionation plants in the Honeywell UniSim Design software environment, a plant model was developed. A computational experiment using various industrial values of the hydrocarbon content in NGL showed that in order to achieve the maximum possible extraction of propane from the PSP, it is necessary to involve all the propane in the PSP obtained on the fractionating absorber (or distillation column) so that only the C4+ hydrocarbon fraction is in the bottom product of the apparatus for further separation. The ESP obtained in this way is sent to an additional distillation column, which provides a clear separation into ethane (distillate of the column) and propane (bottom product of the column) fractions, while in the obtained fractions concentration indicators are achieved that improve the corresponding indicators of standards according to TU 0272-022- 00151638-99. The calculated regime parameters and fractional compositions of technological flows of apparatuses are given, the modified scheme of the installation is described. The developed models can be used to optimize the operating modes of industrial devices and design new installations, as well as to train technologists in the methods of qualified process management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Yagishita, Manami, Ralf Kölling, and Daniel Einfalt. "Introducing a Simple Method to Investigate Relative Volatilities of Flavour Compounds in Fruit Brandies." Beverages 9, no. 2 (April 12, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages9020032.

Full text

Abstract:

Determination of relative volatilities of flavour compounds in hydro-alcoholic solutions is usually performed by time-consuming and costly standard methods such as the Gillespie dynamic recirculation method. This study tested a quick and easy method with a simple distillation apparatus for measuring empirical relative volatilities. A total of 17 representative flavour compounds of apple and pear brandies were selected and investigated for their relative volatilities. This also included so far unpublished relative volatilities of one alcohol (2-butanol), one aldehyde (hexanal), one ketone (β-damascenone), and three esters (ethyl butyrate, butyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate). Relative volatilities of three alcohols (methanol, isobutanol, and isoamyl alcohol), one ester (ethyl acetate), one aldehyde (acetaldehyde), and one acetal (1,1-diethoxyethane) were compared to reference data. All compounds, except for 1,1-diethoxyethane, showed a high correlation with the reference data. Vapour–liquid equilibrium for an ethanol–water mixture showed a high correlation with the reference data (r > 0.9). In accordance with the high correlation levels, we suggest that the simple distillation apparatus is a fast and simple alternative to the standard method.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Abuga, Kennedy O. "Poor quality alcohol based hand sanitizers: The pitfall in infection control." East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 25, no. 3 (June 25, 2024): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ecajps.v25i3.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Ever since the serendipitous discovery of alcohol through fermentation c. 10000 BC, the substance has attracted utility and abuse in equal measure. The initial use of alcohol as beverage in social functions, later diversified to medicinal and spiritual applications. Alcohol discovery however, cannot be traced to a single source but diverse geographical sites, although its use for beverage purposes seems universal. Distillation of fermented liquors to produce spirits dates back to c. 2000 BC in China, Egypt, and Mesopotamia for medicinal, cosmetic and spiritual purposes. The invention of the alembic as a distillation apparatus has several claims towards Arabic, Jewish, Egyptian and European origins with accompanying nomenclature

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Zulfikar, Iqbal, and Bambang Irawan. "Analysis of Bioethanol Purification with Two Outlet Distillation System." Asian Journal Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (September 5, 2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51278/ajse.v2i1.761.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to analyzes of the process of purifying bioethanol produced by a distillation apparatus that uses two holes of different heights. The equipment used in this study is a distillation prototype tool which has two steam holes coming out of the vessel, with different height positions. The research method used is experimental. Data collection was based on the results of distillation experiments with the independent variable alcohol content in the solution, the dependent variable alcohol content resulting from the distillation process and the control variable is steam temperature and processing time. The results of the study were processed with statistics showing that the position of the holes affects the product resulting from the alcohol content in bioethanol, a high hole position will produce bioethanol with a greater alcohol content. The alcohol content in the solution that is put into the distillation vessel affects the distillation results, the greater the alcohol content, the greater the alcohol product. The interaction between the position of the holes and the alcohol content in the solution affects the amount of alcohol product in the bioethanol. input solution containing low alcohol cannot reach the distillation results of bioethanol with high alcohol content. Bioethanol through the top hole has a higher alcohol content than that through the bottom hole. The alcohol content in the solution affects the difference in the alcohol content produced between the upper and lower holes. Distillation can produce bioethanol with a high alcohol content of up to 96%, with a solution containing about 85% alcohol. This distillation process can be done privately so that everyone can make fuel for their own vehicles. Keywords: Bioethanol Purification, Distillation System, Purifying Bioethanol

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Heath, Andrew B., and Robert R. Black. "Assisted Distillation Cleanup of Pesticide Residues in Animal Fats: New Beadless Distillation Tube." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 5 (September 1, 1987): 862–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.5.862.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A new assisted distillation tube has been developed which contains no glass beads or glass wool. The sample is injected into the top of the tube, and a septum is not required. Large ground-glass joints (10/ 19) are used at the gas inlet and at the Florisil trap connection for maximum strength. Existing assisted distillation apparatus was easily modified to accept the new tubes. Recoveries of 9 organochlorine pesticides from butter and cattle fat ranged from 87 to 104% at a tube temperature of 230°C and a nitrogen flow rate of 250 mL/min. No significant change occurred in recoveries of 8 of the 9 pesticides after 85 uses of the headless tube. Only the recovery of HCB from butter decreased, from 95 to 80%, after 51 runs. The new tube was compared with the Unitrex glass bead-packed concentric tube at flow rates of 230, 400, and 600 mL nitrogen/min. Recoveries from the Unitrex tube were similar to those of the headless tube for all pesticides except DDT which was significantly lower, indicating incomplete distillation at 250 mL/min and possible partial breakdown at 400 and 600 mL/min. A procedure is introduced for pressurized solvent washing of distillation tubes. This procedure is more efficient than vacuum washing

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Sun, Guo Fu, Jing Li Xu, Chun Hua Sui, and Hong Yan Si. "Brackish Water Desalination by Air-Sweep Vacuum Membrane Distillation." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2084–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2084.

Full text

Abstract:

An air sweep vacuum membrane distillation process was used to treat brackish water desalination. The only operating parameter of the apparatus is the sweeping air flow rate. The effect of sweeping air flow rate on desalination was observed. The produced/condensed water rate was about 2.5 g/h for the PP module. The conductivity of produced water was about 92 μs·cm-1, the salt rejection was above 95%.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Chzhan, Victoria, Irina Tereshina, Gennady Burkhanov, Galina Politova, and Henryk Drulis. "Magnetic phase diagrams of Gd-H, Tb-H, Dy-H systems." EPJ Web of Conferences 185 (2018): 05011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818505011.

Full text

Abstract:

We study the impact of hydrogen impurity on the magnetic phase transition temperatures of the high purity rare-earth metals Gd, Tb and Dy. Prior to hydrogenation, the rare earths were purified by the vacuum distillation method. Hydrogenation was carried out using a Sievert-type apparatus. Magnetic phase diagrams were constructed based on the thermomagnetic analysis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

TONOGAI, YASUHIDE, YOSHIO ITO, SHUNJIRO OGAWA, and MASAHIRO IWAIDA. "Determination of Dibromochloropropane and Related Fumigants in Citrus Fruit." Journal of Food Protection 49, no. 11 (November 1, 1986): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-49.11.909.

Full text

Abstract:

A simple and systematic procedure for determination of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), 1,3-dichloropropene (DCP), chlorobutol (TCB) and seven related compounds in citrus fruits was established. Since these compounds have extremely high volatility, the distillation apparatus for volatile oil determination was used. These compounds were trapped into cyclohexane (more than 94.2–98.4% at spiking levels of 0.5–50 ppm) by this distillation. The distillate was purified by Florisil column chromatography. All compounds except TCB were eluted with n-hexane:ether(93:7) and TCB was eluted with ether. Each eluate was injected into an ECD-gas chromatograph directly for determination. Their recoveries from lemon, orange and grapefruit were within 91.5–98.6% at the spiking levels of 0.01–1 ppm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Distillation apparatus'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles