Relevant bibliographies by topics / Distinct population segment

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Distinct population segment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Distinct population segment"

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Rosen, Tatjana. "The Endangered Species Act and the distinct population segment policy." Ursus 18, no. 1 (April 2007): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2192/1537-6176(2007)18[109:tesaat]2.0.co;2.

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Kitunen, Anna, Julia Carins, and Sharyn Rundle-Thiele. "Motivating Military Trainee Healthy Eating: Insight from Two Sites." Foods 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081053.

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This paper investigates eating behaviours and motivations of early career military trainees from two pathways (officer cadets and army recruits) to understand whether, and to what extent, healthful eating behaviours were present, and what motivates eating in general and healthful habits specifically. The study also sought to understand whether groups need strategies that are pathway specific or are transferrable across different trainee populations. Participants were recruited via email to complete an online survey and through in-person invitations to ensure a diverse cross section of trainees (n = 195) and recruits (n = 297). Two-step cluster analysis revealed three distinct segments with education, opportunity and motivation being the most important variables within a wider multivariate segment formation and stepwise linear regression was performed to identify the most optimal model with the least number of predictors for each segment. The ideal model for the uninterested segment contained nine predictors, seven predictors for the Breakfast skippers segment and eight predictors for the Weight conscious segment. This study found that there is room for improvement in the eating habits of military trainees across military training pathways. Eating motivations, and their associations with healthful eating habits, indicate a need for strategies that are broader than instilling or reinforcing health motivations. Strategies that can be implemented to support healthful eating for military trainees include provision of food preparation and cooking skills training, coupled with provision of social support and environments that facilitate healthful eating. Furthermore, three distinct segments were discovered within the trainee population, indicating that strategies for positively changing trainees’ eating behaviours may not need to be pathway specific, rather it may be possible to introduce the same group of segmented strategies across both pathways. Future research directions and limitations are outlined.
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Oyler-McCance, Sara J., Michael L. Casazza, Jennifer A. Fike, and Peter S. Coates. "Hierarchical spatial genetic structure in a distinct population segment of greater sage-grouse." Conservation Genetics 15, no. 6 (June 7, 2014): 1299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0618-8.

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Zhuang, Yan, James E. Futse, Wendy C. Brown, Kelly A. Brayton, and Guy H. Palmer. "Maintenance of Antibody to Pathogen Epitopes Generated by Segmental Gene Conversion Is Highly Dynamic during Long-Term Persistent Infection." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 11 (September 4, 2007): 5185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00913-07.

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ABSTRACT Multiple bacterial and protozoal pathogens utilize gene conversion to generate rapid intrahost antigenic variation. Both large- and small-genome pathogens expand the size of the variant pool via a combinatorial process in which oligonucleotide segments from distinct donor loci are recombined in various combinations into expression sites. Although the potential combinatorial diversity generated by this segmental gene conversion mechanism is quite large, the functional variant pool depends on whether immune responses against the recombined segments are generated and maintained, regardless of their specific combinatorial context. This question was addressed by tracking the Anaplasma marginale variant population and corresponding segment-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses during long-term infection. Antibody was induced early in A. marginale infection, predominately against the surface-exposed hypervariable region (HVR) rather than against the invariant conserved flanking domains, and these HVR oligopeptides were most immunogenic at the time of acute bacteremia, when the variant population is derived via recombination from a single donor locus. However antibody to HVR oligopeptides was not consistently maintained during persistent infection, despite reexpression of the same segment, although in a different combinatorial context. This dynamic antibody recognition over time was not attributable to the major histocompatibility complex haplotype of individual animals or use of specific msp2 donor alleles. In contrast, the position and context of an individual oligopeptide segment within the HVR were significant determinants of antibody recognition. The results unify the genetic potential of segmental gene conversion with escape from antibody recognition and identify immunological effects of variant mosaic structure.
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Hill, C. W., G. Feulner, M. S. Brody, S. Zhao, A. B. Sadosky, and C. H. Sandt. "Correlation of Rhs elements with Escherichia coli population structure." Genetics 141, no. 1 (September 1, 1995): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/141.1.15.

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Abstract The Rhs family of composite genetic elements was assessed for variation among independent Escherichia coli strains of the ECOR reference collection. The location and content of the RhsA-B-C-F subfamily correlates highly with the clonal structure of the ECOR collection. This correlation exists at several levels: the presence of Rhs core homology in the strain, the location of the Rhs elements present, and the identity of the Rhs core-extensions associated with each element. A provocative finding was that an identical 1518-bp segment, covering core-extension-b1 and its associated downstream open reading frame, is present in two distinct clonal groups, but in association with different Rhs elements. The sequence identity of this segment when contrasted with the divergence of other chromosomal segments suggests that shuffling of Rhs core extensions has been a relatively recent variation. Nevertheless the copies of core-extension-b1 were placed within the respective Rhs elements before the emergence of the clonal groups. In the course of this analysis, two new Rhs elements absent from E. coli K-12 were discovered: RhsF, a fourth member of the RhsA-B-C-F subfamily, and RhsG, the prototype of a third Rhs subfamily.
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Mora, Ethan A., Ryan D. Battleson, Steven T. Lindley, Michael J. Thomas, Russ Bellmer, Liam J. Zarri, and A. Peter Klimley. "Estimating the Annual Spawning Run Size and Population Size of the Southern Distinct Population Segment of Green Sturgeon." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 147, no. 1 (January 2018): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10009.

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Chambers, Brooke E., Eleanor G. Clark, Allison E. Gatz, and Rebecca A. Wingert. "Kctd15 regulates nephron segment development by repressing Tfap2a activity." Development 147, no. 23 (October 7, 2020): dev191973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.191973.

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ABSTRACTA functional vertebrate kidney relies on structural units called nephrons, which are epithelial tubules with a sequence of segments each expressing a distinct repertoire of solute transporters. The transcriptiona`l codes driving regional specification, solute transporter program activation and terminal differentiation of segment populations remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the KCTD15 paralogs kctd15a and kctd15b function in concert to restrict distal early (DE)/thick ascending limb (TAL) segment lineage assignment in the developing zebrafish pronephros by repressing Tfap2a activity. During renal ontogeny, expression of these factors colocalized with tfap2a in distal tubule precursors. kctd15a/b loss primed nephron cells to adopt distal fates by driving slc12a1, kcnj1a.1 and stc1 expression. These phenotypes were the result of Tfap2a hyperactivity, where kctd15a/b-deficient embryos exhibited increased abundance of this transcription factor. Interestingly, tfap2a reciprocally promoted kctd15a and kctd15b transcription, unveiling a circuit of autoregulation operating in nephron progenitors. Concomitant kctd15b knockdown with tfap2a overexpression further expanded the DE population. Our study reveals that a transcription factor-repressor feedback module employs tight regulation of Tfap2a and Kctd15 kinetics to control nephron segment fate choice and differentiation during kidney development.
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Oyler-McCance, Sara J., Michael L. Casazza, Jennifer A. Fike, and Peter S. Coates. "Erratum to: Hierarchical spatial genetic structure in a distinct population segment of greater sage-grouse." Conservation Genetics 15, no. 6 (July 18, 2014): 1313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-014-0630-z.

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Ulaski, Marta E., and Michael C. Quist. "Filling Knowledge Gaps for a Threatened Species: Age and Growth of Green Sturgeon of the Southern Distinct Population Segment." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 12, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-20-073.

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Abstract The Green Sturgeon Acipenser medirostris is an anadromous, long-lived species that is distributed along the Pacific coast of North America. Green Sturgeon is vulnerable to global change because of its sensitive life history (e.g., delayed maturation) and few spawning locations. The persistence of Green Sturgeon is threatened by habitat modification, altered flows, and rising river temperatures. In 2006, because of persistent stressors, the U.S. Endangered Species Act listed the southern distinct population segment as threatened. Despite increased research efforts on this species after the listing, substantial gaps in basic population information for Green Sturgeon remain. We present the only published information on age structure and growth of a threatened population of Green Sturgeon. By analyzing archived fin rays collected from 1984 to 2016, we revealed highly variable growth among individuals. We detected several age classes from 0 to 26 y and found similar growth rates of southern distinct population segment Green Sturgeon compared with northern population Green Sturgeon. Although limited, this analysis is an important first step to understanding Green Sturgeon population dynamics and highlights critical research needs.
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Moskowitz, Howard, and Bert Krieger. "Consumer Requirements for a Mid-Priced Business Hotel: Insights from Analysis of Current Messaging by Hotels." Tourism and Hospitality Research 4, no. 3 (March 2003): 268–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146735840300400307.

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This paper presents an analysis of current messages of mid-priced business hotels, using conjoint analysis. The study was run over the Internet in early 2001, with 126 elements derived from the actual language used by different hotel chains. Few elements emerged as distinct ‘losers’ (ie negative utilities) for the total respondent population of 376 individuals (all business travellers). A set of elements emerged as ‘winners’, but the elements dealt with a variety of topics. Segmentation revealed four groups, with homogeneous viewpoints within a group; interested but not responsive to communications; room as office; pamper me; room as vacation. Elements that one segment likes, another segment may dislike. The proper messaging to these four segments can dramatically enhance the impact of the communication.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distinct population segment"

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Janetski, David J. "Genetic Considerations for the Conservation and Management of Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) in Yellowstone National Park." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/945.

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A key component to conservation is an accurate understanding of genetic subdivision within a species. Despite their ecological and economic importance, relatively little is understood about the genetic structuring of Yellowstone cutthroat trout in Yellowstone National Park. Here, we use traditional (Fst, Rst, Nm, and AMOVA) and modern (Bayesian assignment tests, coalescent theory, and nested clade analysis) analytical approaches to describe the population genetic subdivision of cutthroat trout spawning populations in Yellowstone Lake and to identify genetically distinct population segments throughout Yellowstone National Park. Evidence for restricted gene flow between spawning populations within Yellowstone Lake was detected using nested clade analysis. This is the first molecular evidence for restricted gene flow between spawning populations in Yellowstone Lake. In contrast, traditional methods such as Fst and Rst as well as the Bayesian clustering program STRUCTURE v2.0 failed to detect evidence for restricted gene flow. Across our sampling range within Yellowstone National Park, eleven genetically distinct cutthroat trout population segments were detected. These showed a general pattern of small, isolated populations with low genetic diversity in headwater streams and wide-spread, genetically diverse populations in higher-order rivers. We recommend populations be managed to maintain current levels of genetic diversity and gene flow. Based on the recent decline of and distinct morphological, behavioral, and genetic nature of cutthroat trout in Yellowstone Lake, we recommend the Yellowstone Lake spawning populations collectively be recognized as an evolutionarily significant unit.
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Books on the topic "Distinct population segment"

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Region 1. Amendment to the Draft Recovery Plan for the Columbia Basin distinct population segment of the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis). Portland, Oregon: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Pacific Region, Ecological Services, 2011.

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Wyoming. Governor (2003- : Freudenthal). Petition, to revise the listed status of the gray wolf (Canus lupus) by establishing the Northern Rocky Mountain Distinct Population Segment: And, to concurrently remove the gray wolf in the Northern Rocky Mountain Distinct Population Segment from the List of endangered and threatened species. Cheyenne, WY: [Office of the Governor and the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission, 2005.

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Steller Sea Lion Recovery Team. and United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Office of Protected Resources., eds. Draft Steller sea lion recovery plan: Eastern and western distinct population segment (Eumetopias jubatus). [Silver Spring, Md: National Marine Fisheries Service, 2006.

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Region 1., ed. Draft recovery plan for the Jarbidge River Distinct Population Segment of bull trout (Salveninus confluentus). Portland, OR: The Service, 2004.

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Region 1., ed. Draft recovery plan for the Coastal-Puget Sound Distinct Population Segment of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). Portland, OR: Region 1, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ecological Services, 2004.

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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Region 1., ed. Draft recovery plan for the Columbia Basin distinct population segment of the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis). Portland, OR: The Region, 2007.

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G, Gustafson Richard, and Northwest Fisheries Science Center (U.S.), eds. Status review of Cherry Point Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) and updated status review of the Georgia Basin Pacific herring distinct population segment under the Endangered Species Act. [Seattle, Wash.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 2006.

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ter Haar, Barend J. The Educated Deity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803645.003.0007.

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During the sixteenth century, the educated elite developed their own beliefs about Lord Guan, with very distinct stories and expectations that were not necessarily shared by the non-literate community. As literacy increased during the Qing period, these beliefs and associated practices then also spread to a larger segment of the population, especially during the nineteenth century. From being a deity who primarily operated through his violent martial actions, appearing in dreams and visions, he acquired a new dimension in which he communicated with his literate audience through writing. He assisted his devotees with a more personal kind of help, still appearing in real life, dreams, and visions, but now also providing counsel by means of prognostication and spirit writing. The deity’s predictions were often enigmatic and became clear only after the unfolding of events, serving as a confirmation of what had happened rather than a very clear guide.
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Verkaaik, Oskar. ‘Our Rule’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656546.003.0007.

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This chapter by Oskar Verkaaik explores a neglected comparison between Urdu-speaking Mohajir support for the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), and Mohajir membership in the Dawat-i-Islami proselytizing movement in the nineties. Initially Verkaaik outlines some superficial differences that mark this comparison. Whereas the MQM comprises a political party and ethnic movement, the Dawat-i-Islami condemns politics and promotes Islam as an antidote to ethnic strife. Although the two movements are partial adversaries, both depart from a singular notion of Mohajir religiosity that is rooted in the modernist condemnation of popular religion, and exacerbated by ethnic stereotyping. Unfolding motifs of physical and spiritual migration and journeys (for example, from Mecca to Medina, India to Pakistan, Pakistan and abroad), Verkaaik argues that both movements distinctly appeal to young Karachiites’ aspirations and anxieties about the future—and tap into popular religious traditions that bind and separate Mohajirs from other segments of the Pakistani population.
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Alexander, D. J., N. Phin, and M. Zuckerman. Influenza. Edited by I. H. Brown. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0037.

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Influenza is a highly infectious, acute illness which has affected humans and animals since ancient times. Influenza viruses form the Orthomyxoviridae family and are grouped into types A, B, and C on the basis of the antigenic nature of the internal nucleocapsid or the matrix protein. Infl uenza A viruses infect a large variety of animal species, including humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals, and birds, occasionally producing devastating pandemics in humans, such as in 1918 when it has been estimated that between 50–100 million deaths occurred worldwide.There are two important viral surface glycoproteins, the haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). The HA binds to sialic acid receptors on the membrane of host cells and is the primary antigen against which a host’s antibody response is targeted. The NA cleaves the sialic acid bond attaching new viral particles to the cell membrane of host cells allowing their release. The NA is also the target of the neuraminidase inhibitor class of antiviral agents that include oseltamivir and zanamivir and newer agents such as peramivir. Both these glycoproteins are important antigens for inducing protective immunity in the host and therefore show the greatest variation.Influenza A viruses are classified into 16 antigenically distinct HA (H1–16) and 9 NA subtypes (N1–9). Although viruses of relatively few subtype combinations have been isolated from mammalian species, all subtypes, in most combinations, have been isolated from birds. Each virus possesses one HA and one NA subtype.Last century, the sudden emergence of antigenically different strains in humans, termed antigenic shift, occurred on three occasions, 1918 (H1N1), 1957 (H2N2) and 1968 (H3N2), resulting in pandemics. The frequent epidemics that occur between the pandemics are as a result of gradual antigenic change in the prevalent virus, termed antigenic drift. Epidemics throughout the world occur in the human population due to infection with influenza A viruses, such as H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes, or with influenza B virus. Phylogenetic studies have led to the suggestion that aquatic birds that show no signs of disease could be the source of many influenza A viruses in other species. The 1918 H1N1 pandemic strain is thought to have arisen as a result of spontaneous mutations within an avian H1N1 virus. However, most pandemic strains, such as the 1957 H2N2, 1968 H3N2 and 2009 pandemic H1N1, are considered to have emerged by genetic re-assortment of the segmented RNA genome of the virus, with the avian and human influenza A viruses infecting the same host.Influenza viruses do not pass readily between humans and birds but transmission between humans and other animals has been demonstrated. This has led to the suggestion that the proposed reassortment of human and avian influenza viruses takes place in an intermediate animal with subsequent infection of the human population. Pigs have been considered the leading contender for the role of intermediary because they may serve as hosts for productive infections of both avian and human viruses, and there is good evidence that they have been involved in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses; particularly the spread of H1N1 viruses to humans. Apart from public health measures related to the rapid identification of cases and isolation. The main control measures for influenza virus infections in human populations involves immunization and antiviral prophylaxis or treatment.
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Book chapters on the topic "Distinct population segment"

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Moumtzoglou, Anastasius, and Abraham Pouliakis. "Population Health Management and the Science of Individuality." In Data Analytics in Medicine, 74–101. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1204-3.ch004.

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This article espouses that population health management (PHM) has been a discipline which studies and facilitates care delivery across a group of individuals or the general population. In the context of population health management, the life science industry has had no motivation to design drugs or devices that are only effective for a distinct segment of the population. The major outgrowth of the science of individuality, as well as the rising ‘wiki medicine', fully recognizes the uniqueness of the individual. Cloud computing, Big Data and M-Health technologies offer the resources to deal with the shortcomings of the population health management approach, as they facilitate the propagation of the science of individuality.
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Moumtzoglou, Anastasius S., and Abraham Pouliakis. "Population Health Management, Emerging Technologies, and the Science of the Individual." In Quality Assurance in the Era of Individualized Medicine, 21–62. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2390-2.ch002.

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Population health management (PHM) has been a discipline that studies and facilitates care delivery across a group of individuals or the general population. In the context of PHM, the life science industry has had no motivation to design drugs or devices and even offer treatment of patient management that is only effective for a distinct population segment. The primary outgrowth of the science of individuality, as well as the rising ‘wiki medicine', fully recognizes the uniqueness of the individual. Cloud computing, big data, m-health, and recently, internet of things can offer the resources to deal with numerous shortcomings such as data collection and processing, of the PHM approach, as they facilitate the propagation of the science of individuality.
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Bauder, Harald. "International Segmentation of Labor." In Labor Movement. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195180879.003.0007.

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The relationship between migration and labor markets can be approached from different conceptual and philosophical angles. In this chapter, I draw on labor market segmentation theory to examine how the international mobility of workers interlinks with the international segmentation of labor. In addition, I highlight two aspects of this relationship that have been sidelined in the existing literature but that are important to understanding how this relationship works. The first aspect is the notion of citizenship. Although this notion has received considerable attention in the social sciences in recent years, it has been neglected as a driving force of the segmentation of labor. The second aspect is the cultural representation of migrating populations and workers, which contributes vitally to the regulation of labor markets. The structure of this chapter follows the intention to convey a particular theoretical perspective and to highlight particular aspects of this perspective. First, I present segmentation theory as an entry point into a discussion of the relationship between international migration and labor market regulation. Second, I introduce the notion of citizenship to this discussion. Third, I present cultural representations as critical components in the international segmentation of labor markets. To explain labor market segmentation theory one may begin with Karl Marx. Marx ([1867] 2001) called labor “variable capital” and the means of production “constant capital.” Labor is variable because workers can be hired and fired in response to business and seasonal cycles. The means of production, on the other hand, are constant because they constitute a fixed investment and stay idle in periods of economic slowdown. Segmentation theory begins with the premise that the idleness of machinery and other fixed investments can be prevented or reduced by dividing production into two distinct segments. The primary segment is capital-intensive; high levels of technology ensure the efficient use of the workforce. In times of economic contraction, this primary sector keeps operating to satisfy the basic demand that still exists for products. The secondary segment, on the other hand, is labor-intensive, with only minimal investments in machinery and technology.
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"Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed." In Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed, edited by Alicia Seesholtz, Bradley J. Bradley J., Jason Kindopp, and Ryon Kurth. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569599.ch10.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—In the Feather River below Lake Oroville, California, the relative importance of water temperature and flow regimes on fish populations was assessed by comparing two distinct river segments, the low flow channel (LFC) and high flow channel (HFC). Rotary screw traps and beach seining surveys were used to assess distribution, abundance, and emigration patterns of fishes between 1997 and 2001. Both sampling methods revealed similar patterns in species composition. Chinook salmon <em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha </em>dominated seining (46%) and rotary screw trap (99%) catch by number. More than 80% of Chinook salmon captured were less than 50 mm, demonstrating that most Feather River Chinook salmon emigrate before smolting. In multiple linear regression models, Chinook salmon spawn timing (<EM>P </EM>< 0.001) and water temperature (<EM>P </EM>= 0.036) were statistically significant predictors of weekly Chinook salmon catch in the LFC, while Secchi depth was statistically significant (<EM>P </EM>= 0.007) for the HFC catch. Most steelhead <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss </em>were captured in the LFC, particularly in 2001, which accounted for 82% of all steelhead collected. The total relative abundance of alien fishes was low, 7.2% and 0.1% from beach seining and rotary screw trap sampling, respectively. Alien fishes were more abundant in the HFC. Native fish species were found throughout the study area. Canonical correspondence analysis suggested that river kilometer, water temperature, and year were highly significant (<EM>P </EM>= 0.001), while season (<EM>P </EM>= 0.01) and flow (<EM>P </EM>= 0.01) were significant to observed fish assemblages within LFC. Water temperature, river kilometer, year, and season were highly significant (<EM>P </EM>= 0.001) to observed fish assemblages within the HFC. Our results demonstrate that native fishes can be successful in a regulated river environment, despite an unnatural flow regime. These findings provide valuable information in assessing the impacts of dam operations and in implementing river restoration actions by flow and water temperature manipulation.
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Raza, Gauhar. "Precariat: narrow definition, discourse and reality." In Savoirs de la Précarité / knowledge from precarity, 249–57. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.3342.

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The discourse initiated by Guy Standing, on the ‘Precariat’, a few years back, was embedded in economic debates on ‘class’. He, in the preface of his book ‘The Precariate: The new Dangerous Class’, wrote that Precariat is a class in making (Standing G, 2011). He uses the word ‘Class’ in the Marxian sense. He suggests that the neoliberalism agenda embraced by almost all countries, to a greater or lesser extent, deliberately shifted the burden of ‘risk’ and ‘insecurity’ on to the ‘working class and their families’. As a result millions of workers were pushed into the brutal market without ‘an anchor of stability’. Standing goes on to, dramatically, warn politicians and civil society that ‘There is a danger that, unless the precariat is understood, its emergence could lead society towards a politics of inferno.’ He further adds that this class is global, angry and anxious, and ‘prone to listen to ugly voices, and use their vote and money to give those voices a political platform of increasing influence’.Marxist scholars reacted sharply. For example Eric Olin Wright, presented ‘a Marxist critique of this reconceptualization on two principle grounds: first, that the material interests of people in the precariat and in the working class are not sufficiently opposed to each other for these to constitute two distinct classes; and second, that across the various segments of the precariat the optimal strategies for securing a livelihood are not sufficiently unified for the precariat as a whole to constitute a class. ----In the case of the precariat, the different segments identified by Standing have sharply different strategies of survival and advancement.’ And thus, he concluded, there is no separate class, which can be categorized as ‘Precariate’. Those who have faced the burden of recent global economic disasters, and were pushed towards the base of a pecuniary pyramid can be designated as ‘proletariat class’, at the best, depending upon their class consciousness and interest. The debate plunged into a terrain which focused on whether there is an emerging class, that too global in nature, which has common interest and enough cementing factors to represent common and universal class interest and consciousness, or not. Though the debate is yet to resolve major issues hovering around economic categories and their relationship with social and cultural factors, it cannot be denied that manmade and natural disasters often put sections of humanity into ‘precarious’ condition. Citizens, collectively and individually respond to a given ‘precarity’ in varied ways.This paper, while scanning the debate on ‘precariat’ attempts to develop a broad framework for examining the causes and nature of precarity, enlarges its definition, discusses sources, target populations, modes of operation through which precarity is introduced in any society and levels at which precarity operates. The article aims to scrutinize as to how, when the power balance is disturbed in society, ruling classes use physical force as an instrument of spreading fear among the agents of change. The article also makes an attempt to reflect on how the intellectuals, scientists, science communicators and journalist under the shadow of ‘fascistic regimes’ are pushed to the realm of ‘precarity’ and freedom of expression is threatened. The last section of the article gives some concrete examples of how ‘precariat’ responds to situations of precarity and tries to build broad alliances to resist the causal forces
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Conference papers on the topic "Distinct population segment"

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Fromuth, Robert C., and Matthew B. Parkinson. "Predicting 5th and 95th Percentile Anthropometric Segment Lengths From Population Stature." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-50091.

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Designing for human variability frequently necessitates an estimation of the spatial requirements of the intended user population. These measures are often obtained from “proportionality constants” which predict the lengths of relevant anthropometry using stature. This approach is attractive because it is readily adapted to new populations—only knowledge of a single input, stature, is necessary to obtain the estimates. The most commonly used ratios are those presented in Drillis and Contini’s report from 1966 [1]. Despite the prevalence of their use, these particular values are limited because the size and diversity of the population from which these ratios were derived is not in the literature, and the actual body dimensions that each ratio represents are not clear. Furthermore, they are often misinterpreted and used inappropriately. This paper introduces a new approach, the “boundary ratio” which mitigates many of these issues. Boundary ratios improve on the traditional application of proportionality constants by: 1) explicitly defining the body dimensions, 2) defining constants for the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile measures, and 3) providing distinct constants for males and females when necessary. This approach is shown to better model the range of variability exhibited in population body dimensions.
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2

Sell, Anna, and Pirkko Walden. "Segmentation of the Young Elderly Based on Technology Readiness." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.32.

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We examine the young elderly’s technology readiness in order to understand the propensity to adopt and use technology for personal use. We use the Technology Readiness Index 2.0 as segmentation basis to segment a sample of mainly young elderly individuals. Our aim is to find meaningful segments within this demographic group regarding their technology readiness, and to contrast the segments with previous research. Our findings based on 538 retirees revealed a similar segmentation profile as found within working-age populations, and a surprisingly different profile than previous research with a mature target group. We identified five distinct segments portraying the young elderly as diverse technology users, ranging from ‘pioneers’ to ‘hesitators’. The findings give arise to discussion regarding the impact of age on the technology readiness of individuals and the importance of age as a predictor of technology use. We propose that commonly held views on age as an inhibitor of technology use are becoming outdated as the diffusion of technology reaches a certain level of maturity in a market.
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