Academic literature on the topic 'Distinctive individuality'
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Journal articles on the topic "Distinctive individuality"
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Blumstein, Daniel T., Douglas R. Mcclain, Carrie De Jesus, and Gustavo Alarcón-Nieto. "Breeding bird density does not drive vocal individuality." Current Zoology 58, no. 5 (October 1, 2012): 765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/58.5.765.
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Abstract Many species produce individually specific vocalizations and sociality is a hypothesized driver of such individuality. Previous studies of how social variation influenced individuality focused on colonial or non-colonial avian species, and how social group size influenced individuality in sciurid rodents. Since sociality is an important driver of individuality, we expected that bird species that defend nesting territories in higher density neighborhoods should have more individually-distinctive calls than those that defend nesting territories in lower-density neighborhoods. We used Beecher’s information statistic to quantify individuality, and we examined the relationship between bird density (calculated with point-counts) and vocal individuality on seven species of passerines. We found non-significant relationships between breeding bird density and vocal individuality whether regressions were fitted on species values, or on phylogenetically-independent contrast values. From these results, we infer that while individuality may be explained by social factors, breeding bird density is unlikely to be generally important in driving the evolution of individually-specific vocalizations.
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Skultans, Vieda. "Individuality and Continuity in Narrating across Generations." Narrative Works 10 (May 3, 2021): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1076917ar.
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This article explores the commonalities of structure in the life histories of a mother and her daughter. I argue that sharing the same story does not preclude the existence of a strong and distinctive sense of self. Agency and selfhood are intimately connected with interpretation and the pursuit of understanding. In order to illuminate this relationship, I draw upon ideas of musical form and interpretation that suggest how this might come about.
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Morris‐Roberts, Kathryn. "Girls' friendships, ‘distinctive individuality’ and socio‐spatial practices of (dis)identification." Children's Geographies 2, no. 2 (August 2004): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14733280410001720539.
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Yuxi, Ying, and Tian Mimi. "Innovative Design and Research on the Landscape in the Living Room of Distinctive Small Towns Based Upon the Multi-Dimensional Cultural Visualization Technology." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 04052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123604052.
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Benefited from the development of distinctive small towns in China, the visualized performance on the cultural characteristics of parlor landscape in distinctive small towns has drawn increasingly attention. In view of the absence of individuality in cultural elements, irrespective of the landscape space relations, monotonous cultural experience approaches and other existed problems on parlor landscape in towns, this paper integrated the survey of cases to summarize three design techniques which consisted of refining the cultural connotation, evolving the cultural space as well as activating the cultural show. In the meantime, it focused on studying the application of dynamic digital technology to reinforce the multi-dimensional visualization of culture, thus providing fresh ideas for the parlor landscape design in distinctive small towns.
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Beranek, Natasha. "Romani individuality? Ethnographic examples of distinctive social action within a local Czech Romani population." Acta Ethnographica Hungarica 59, no. 1 (June 2014): 113–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aethn.59.2014.1.7.
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Hughes, Geoffrey. "Introduction." Journal of Legal Anthropology 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2019.030105.
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This issue’s forum continues a lively discussion of Nigel Rapport’s notion of ‘cosmopolitan politesse’ that was previously featured in these pages in the summer of 2018. Rapport has long proposed this sort of politesse as a ‘form of virtue’ and ‘good manners’ (2018: 93) premised on ‘the ontological reality of human individuality’, which in turn necessitates an ‘interactional code’ according to which we must presume both ‘common humanity’ but also ‘distinct individuality’ to the point where we ‘classif[y] the Other in no more substantive fashion than this’ (92). Given anthropology’s history of intricately taxonomising humans according to various criteria, this is indeed a challenging proposal – all the more so in the context of legal anthropology, where being subject to specific norms and laws is often taken to be constitutive of distinctive subjectivities, sensibilities and survival strategies. In this issue, Don Gardner responds, directing his critical attention towards the notion of personhood undergirding Rapport’s plea for a revitalised Kantian liberalism in an era of resurgent xenophobia and ethnonationalism. In the process, we see two accomplished scholars taking positions within (and consciously outside of) a whole range of classical debates in the Western philosophical cannon with pressing relevance for contemporary legal anthropology, from nature versus nurture to free will versus determinism, individualism versus collectivism and structure versus agency.
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Adamiw, Julia. "ART OF PEDAGOGICAL ACTION IN THE FORMATION OF TEACHER’S CREATIVE INDIVIDUALITY." Aesthetics and Ethics of Pedagogical Action, no. 15 (March 9, 2017): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4051.2017.15.175880.
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This article presents the essence of the concept of «creative individuality». It is proved that among educators confirms the idea that not only the identity of the teacher, his attitude, willingness and ability to act creatively is now the decisive factors of the institution, but for the education of the younger generation must be magnitude, brightness and uniqueness of each teacher’s personality, the autonomy of his actions. Based on the pedagogical and psychological theories, the development of teacher’s creative individuality is the process of his unique identity, based on positive quantitative and qualitative changes in the levels of formation components of his creative individuality; turning him into a distinctive, unique, self-effective person capable to realize himself fully in educational activities. It is noted that creative individuality of the teacher is the essential feature of his professional and pedagogical skills that characterizes the level of mastery of his educational process and art of pedagogical action. Nowadays when the world is rapidly changing, the problem of the professional’s creative personality becomes more urgent. A special role in this process belongs to vocational school teacher who makes impact on his students and creates a generation of modern professionals: creative, responsible, skilled, with innovative style of thinking and their own professional style.
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Thomsen, Heidi M., Thorsten J. S. Balsby, and Torben Dabelsteen. "The imitation dilemma: can parrots maintain their vocal individuality when imitating conspecifics?" Behaviour 156, no. 5-8 (2019): 787–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003548.
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Abstract Many species of parrots live in fission–fusion social systems, characterised by frequent changes in flock composition. In these systems, the ability to selectively choose flock members is essential in order to maximise individual fitness. As a result, most species of parrots have individual distinctive contact calls that mediate the formation of groups during fission and fusion events. However, in vocal interactions during fission and fusion events, individuals will modify the fine-scale structure of their contact calls in a manner that sometimes will result in imitation of the contact calls of another individual, potentially altering or weakening the individual distinctiveness of contact calls. This presents parrots with an interesting dilemma. Here we present a study investigating the effect of vocal modification during interactions, including vocal imitation, on the individual distinctiveness and sex-specific differences of contact calls from ten captive bred peach-fronted conures (Eupsittula aurea). In order to determine if vocal individual- and sex distinctiveness persists in contact calls that are modified to that of another individual, we compared nine acoustic parameters from spontaneous (baseline) contact calls and contact calls emitted as response to a playback stimulus. Although modified, all acoustic parameters remained individually distinctive when the focal individuals interacted with the playback stimulus. These results provide a strong basis for discriminating between calls from different individuals across several social contexts, which could play an important role in mediating selective associations between individual peach-fronted conures during fission and fusion events.
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Moon, Jang Ho, and Yongjun Sung. "Individuality Within the Group: Testing the Optimal Distinctiveness Principle Through Brand Consumption." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 1 (February 7, 2015): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.1.15.
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In optimal distinctiveness theory, it is suggested that individuals pursue an optimally distinctive identity at the personal level when their collective identity no longer sustains the balance between need for assimilation and differentiation. We tested this assumption via 2 online experimental studies in the context of brand consumption. In Study 1, with 86 participants, we found that individuals with a high need for uniqueness were less likely to purchase brands used by the majority of members of an in-group when the group was homogeneous and the product was identity relevant because of their need for arousal of differentiation under these conditions. In Study 2, we temporarily primed need states of 93 participants and results supported the relationships we had observed in Study 1. By using brands as an identity-signaling mechanism, we found that the need for internal balance would be activated at the collective or personal level to ensure an individual's optimal distinctiveness.
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Lämmert, Eberhard. "Structuralism, Post-Structuralism and New Hermeneutics." MANUSYA 4, no. 1 (2001): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00401005.
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When in European scholarship natural sciences have separated from humanities during the 19th century the concept of hermeneutics won the distinctive mark characterizing the special methods of the humanities in contrast to explanation practiced by natural sciences. The high esteem in literary studies for the individuality of a poet or writer implied that the most important aim of understanding and interpreting was to find the authorʼs secret intention. Maintaining the results of such research in literary studies necessarily must remain subjective or even ideologically determined made the Russian formalists - -later the structuralists from Prague and Western Europe- -try to find a more scientific constitution of a poetic text.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distinctive individuality"
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Peter, Howland. "Metro-rurality, social distinction & ideal reflexive individuality: Martinborough’s Wine Tourists." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology and Anthropology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1697.
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Martinborough, a small rural settlement renowned for its Pinot Noir wines, is a popular holiday destination for many of the new middle class resident in nearby Wellington, New Zealand's capital city. Attracted by the prospect of a rural idyll experience and conspicuous opportunities for urbane consumption, Martinborough's wine tourists also typically desired highly idealised and personalised holiday experiences. My thesis therefore examines the tourists' performative displays and public narratives of social distinction and ideal reflexive individuality. I explore the collusive framing of Martinborough as a metro-rural idyll dedicated to urbane and leisured consumption, and how within this performative setting tourists attempted to reconcile their middle class distinction (general and hierarchical) with their simultaneous pursuit of a reflexive praiseworthy self (Howland 2004). My analysis arises from participant-observation fieldwork, interviews, and surveys in a number of public tourism and wine contexts in Martinborough and elsewhere. Social distinction is marked by the competitive struggle for, and deployment of, various capitals by individuals and groups (Bourdieu 1984). Bourdieu (1984, 2002) contends that within habitus various subconscious, durable, and transposable dispositions are generated. I argue that reflexive individuality is a pervasive habitus, especially for Martinborough's middle class tourists, and that this "reflexive habitus" (Sweetman 2003: 537) generates ideal dispositions, which are mediated through other habitus (e.g. occupational, ethnic etc), and which individuals variously enact, aspire to, narrate, or performatively display. These ideals include autonomy in thought and action, and dedication to self-improvement. In post-industrial societies reflexive individuality is an influential dynamic in social connectedness, occupational pathways, political movements, consumption, and in the individualised assembly of intersubjectivities (Beck 2002; Giddens 1991). The tourists' desire for ideal reflexive individuality is, however, routinely frustrated within their everyday domestic, occupational and consumerist experiences. The stratification mechanisms of social distinction also clearly possess the capacity to disrupt or invalidate the praiseworthy self. Individuals are thus drawn to fields of action where they perceive the greatest opportunities for personal autonomy and choice. For Martinborough's tourists this included various urbane and leisured consumption activities, their reflexive sociality, and the articulation of autobiographical narratives that affirmed personal tastes and individual orientations toward social distinction. Martinborough's tourists reproduced a mythology of an enduring vernacular rural idyll. This rural idyll provided the moral foundation for an equally romanticised metro-rural idyll which, in conjunction with the tourists similarly idealised notions of 'the French tradition' of fine wine, provided a corroborating setting for their leisured consumption of urbane commodities that performatively affirmed their middle class distinction. The tourists' pursuit of social distinction was also significantly enhanced by the democraticisation of the cultural capital of wine connoisseurship, the tiered production of wine, and by the provision of conspicuous opportunities to engage in singular, episodic, and performative wine consumption. The metro-rural idyll, in combination with a pervasive New World wine ethos that promoted personalised innovation and experimentation, also provided a validating locale for the tourists' pursuit of ideal reflexive individuality. Accordingly tourists' personal wine choices were conspicuously celebrated and many aspects of wine production, producers, purchasing, and consumption were reflexively biographised. The tourists' displays of reflexive sociality and their reflexive distinction narratives were also important components in their performative assertions of ideal reflexive individuality.
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Rashley, Gemma. "Investigating the potential for individually distinctive signature whistles to be used in mark-recapture of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23784.
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Mark-recapture is used to investigate the abundance, survival and social relationships and even individual-specific habitat use of a number of species. Several studies suggest that individually distinctive acoustic signals could be used in a mark-recapture framework. We investigated the potential of using individually distinctive signature whistles of bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. Acoustic and photo identification data were collected simultaneously from a small population of common bottlenose dolphins in Walvis Bay, Namibia, between 2009 and 2015. Visual classification and bout analysis was used to identify signature whistle types. Photos were graded for quality and fins for distinctiveness and matched to a pre-existing catalogue of individuals. Whistle data was graded on signal to noise ratio. Abundance was calculated for both signature whistles and photographic data for the years 2011, 2012 and 2015 separately using Huggins closed models. Since not all animals were used in the photographic mark-recapture and the signature whistles of all animals were not recorded in all encounters, it was necessary to extrapolate mark-recapture estimates up to total population size. Two methods of calculating theta (the proportion detected or 'marked') for acoustic data were investigated, one calculated from the field group size and another based solely on acoustic data. An attempt to match individuals with their signature whistle type was also conducted through a process of encounter matrices and elimination. Assuming that photographic mark-recapture data provides the most accurate measure of population size (2011=65, 2012=82, 2015=83 animals estimated), the acoustic abundance estimate extrapolated using a theta calculated from field group size overestimated the population (2011=131, 2012=243, 2015=133), while the acoustic abundance extrapolated using solely acoustic data gave an underestimation (2011=44, 2012=63, 2015=78). Differences between the acoustic estimates and photo identification estimates were between a 25% decrease and 121% increase. Seventeen signature whistle types were used in the matching process, 3 out of which were confidently matched with individuals and a further 3 were matched through the process of elimination. Overall, this study shows that acoustic abundance estimates using signature whistle data has the potential to provide a conservative estimate of abundance compared to photographic methods. However, estimates were effected by how theta was estimated and further studies to better estimate theta are required to improve abundance estimates from signature whistle data.
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Hofmeyr-Juritz, Leonie H. "The nature and rate of vocalisation by southern right whales (Eubalaena australis), and the evidence for individually distinctive calls." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25299.
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Southern right whale vocalisations recorded in Walker Bay, South Africa, between June and November 1999, were analysed to investigate the acoustic repertoire, the relationship between calling behaviour and whale presence, the proportions of vocal and silent whales, and of recorded calls from unseen whales, and the evidence for vocal individuality. This marks the first study of right whale vocalisation in South African waters. A simple matrix system with the axes acoustic contour and onset frequency described twelve call types. Analysis of call use over time indicated that some calls, as well as broadband gunshots, clustered strongly in bouts of differing lengths, and that their relative use varied over the season; the repertoire and its classification was compared with other accounts of right whale vocalisation [chapter one]. A generalised linear model explained the variation in the overall call rate in terms of the numbers of whales present, month and wind direction. The overall call rate, for each month and in all wind conditions, rose with increasing whale numbers to a plateau at between ten and fifteen whales, and then declined as whale numbers rose further, suggesting that the social motivation for vocalising was progressively reversed. An inverse linear relationship between call rate per whale and whale abundance was clearly demonstrated over the whole season, indicating that call rates were unreliable as an indicator of whale numbers [chapter two]. A dual-axis, three-element hydrophone array suspended at 5m from floating buoys was designed to assign whale vocalisations to calling whales. The array was calibrated with an overall mean error of 3°. Bearings to calling whales were calculated using correlelograms, and compared with the observed positions of whales. On average 31% of low up (upwardly inflected) calls and 11% of medium and high down (downwardly inflected) calls came from whales not sighted from the boat; up to just under half of the whales sighted from the boat were silent. This indicates the importance of integrating visual and acoustic data when estimating whale numbers [chapter three]. In characterising individuality in vocalisations, we used cluster analysis of acoustic properties of whale calls to derive the Euclidean distances (a measure of similarity) between each possible pair of calls within a continuous recording session. Calls clearly from different whales (distant call pairs) were more dissimilar than calls possibly from one whale (‘close’ call pairs), lending support to the hypothesis of vocal individuality. The similarity between ‘close’ up calls was greatest when the calls were within 0.5 minutes of each other, and declined progressively, up to a separation of 6.5 minutes, as the likelihood of both calls being from one whale declined, indicating individual bout-calling. Medium and high down (downwardly inflected) calls, associated with surface active groups (SAGs), and thought by other researchers to be produced by the focal female, were more similar within any given SAG than when compared across SAGs. This evidence strongly suggests that southern right whales produce individually distinctive vocalisations [chapter four].Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Zoology and Entomology
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Řápek, Marek. "Význam tetování v hardcore subkultuře." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327015.
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This work deals with the phenomenon of tattoo in hardcore subculture. In the theoretical part it reflects the transformation of the concept of subcultures in his historical progress, with an emphasis on the concept of style in the connection of the Center of contemporary culture Studies and post subcultural theory, especially the writing of David Muggleton. The diachronic perspective, this work also deals with the phenomenon of tattoo and its functions and meanings to it in today's society ascribed. An integral part of the theoretical part is to describe hardcore only in terms of its progress in the USA and in Czechoslovakia or Czech Republic, but also in terms of the side of music and shared ideology, which is the main key featuring to this subculture. Concepts described in the theoretical part are then used in actual research, which is conducted by using qualitative methodology. Exploration aims to describe the meanings and functions of the hardcore subculture and determine whether they are content and motivation ascribed to tattoo influenced subcultural ideologies, or whether it is primarily an expression of the contemporary individualistic discourse. In this work tattooing is examined in terms of its individual nature with regard to the subcultural, or wider, societal context, which together...
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Howland, Peter. "Metro-rurality, social distinction & ideal reflexive individuality : Martinborough's wine tourists : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology, University of Canterbury /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1697.
Full textBooks on the topic "Distinctive individuality"
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Noel, Dyck, and Amit Vered 1955-, eds. Claiming individuality: The cultural politics of distinction. London: Pluto, 2006.
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Fitzpatrick, Antonia. Aristotelian Tradition (I). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790853.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses, principally, Aristotle’s biological works on animals, De anima and the Metaphysics. Its intent is to lay out the texts with which Aquinas would substantiate his view that individuality has its origins in matter, and not the soul. Aristotle’s thought on heredity and the embryo and his (problematic) account of the relationship between universals (or common natures) and individuals are discussed. The distinctive sophistication of the human body vis-à-vis other animals is another theme. Two related Aristotelian principles emerge as crucial: that matter and form should bear a proportion to one another, such that each form has its differentiated ‘proper matter’, and that matter’s ability to receive form depends upon its having developed the appropriate qualities (i.e. in its capacity as the ‘material cause’). The chapter concludes by schematically illustrating how Aquinas adapted Aristotle’s thought on individuality for his own purposes.
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(Editor), Vered Amit, and Noel Dyck (Editor), eds. Claiming Individuality: The Cultural Politics of Distinction (Anthropology, Culture and Society). Pluto Press, 2006.
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(Editor), Vered Amit, and Noel Dyck (Editor), eds. Claiming Individuality: The Cultural Politics of Distinction (Anthropology, Culture and Society). Pluto Press, 2006.
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Epstein, Hugh. Hardy, Conrad and the Senses. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474449861.001.0001.
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The first book-length study of connections between these two major authors, this book reads the highly descriptive impressionist fiction of Hardy and Conrad together in the light of a shared attention to sight and sound. By proposing ‘scenic realism’ as a term to describe their affinities of epistemology and literary art, this study seeks to establish that the two novelists’ treatment of the senses in relation to the physically encompassing world creates a distinctive outward-looking pairing within the broader ‘inward turn’ of the realist novel. This ‘borderland of the senses’ was intensively investigated by a variety of nineteenth-century empiricists, and mid- and late-Victorian discussions in physics and physiology are seen to be the illuminating texts by which to gauge the acute qualities of attention shared by Hardy’s and Conrad’s fiction. In an argument that re-frames the ‘Victorian’ and ‘Modernist’ containers by which the writers have been conventionally separated, thirteen major works are analysed without flattening their differences and individuality, but within a broad ‘field-view’ of reality introduced by late-classical physics. With its focus on nature and the environment, Hardy, Conrad and the Senses displays the vivid delineations of humankind’s place in nature that are at the heart of both authors’ works.
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Gender, Neoliberalism and Distinction Through Linguistic Capital: Taiwanese Narratives of Struggle and Strategy. Multilingual Matters, 2019.
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Ganeri, Jonardon. Self and Other. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198757405.003.0015.
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Experiences like shame presuppose that there is a distinction between self and other, for shame is an empathetic access to another’s attention on one, and a resultant diminishing of self-esteem. There is no need to introduce any more robust distinction between self and other than the one implied by a conception of persons as beings with a characteristic capacity for attention. In particular, there is no need to conceive of the distinction as having its basis in a phenomenology of interiority or in an authorial conception of self. The conception of human beings as endowed with the capacity for attention provides an alternative both to strident individualism and to impersonal holism.
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Keal, Paul. The Anarchical Society and Indigenous Peoples. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779605.003.0013.
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This essay focuses on Bull’s conception of world order and its relevance to indigenous peoples. Realizing world order needs to include the specific goal of just relations between indigenous and non-indigenous peoples, which would require both mutually agreed settlements of historical injustices and engagement with indigenous notions of sovereignty that challenge traditional conceptions of it. Bull thought the ultimate units of world society are individual human beings and that the outlook for a just world order is bound up with the extension of cosmopolitan culture and moral awareness. This could have led him to defend the group rights essential to indigenous peoples. The liberal individualism in his thought prevented him from doing so and the strand of individualism in cosmopolitanism may be incompatible with indigenous aims. In practice a cosmopolitan world order might result in the further erosion of distinctive indigenous identities and cultures.
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Seibt, Johanna. What Is a Process? Modes of Occurrence and Forms of Dynamicity in General Process Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777991.003.0007.
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This chapter suggests that contemporary research in process ontology can be sorted into two varieties. The radical strategy, implemented in General Process Theory, takes our reasoning of processes to motivate a comprehensive rejection of a network of traditional presumptions in ontology (“substance paradigm”). More recent work on processes displays a more conservative approach where the traditional research paradigm is not replaced but expanded. One pivotal disagreement between the radical and conservative strategy is, it is suggested, the traditional tenet that all concrete individuals must be particulars. With focus on recent work by Stout and Steward the chapter argues that convincing arguments for the individuality of processes are undermined by the fact that such process individuals are conceived of as particulars. Such approaches are focused on the distinction between processes and “events” but fail to acknowledge an important distinction among processes that is an integral part of the data for process ontology.
Book chapters on the topic "Distinctive individuality"
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Zahle, Julie. "Holism, Emergence, and the Crucial Distinction." In Rethinking the Individualism-Holism Debate, 177–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05344-8_10.
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Öksüzoğlu-Güven, Gizem. "Decision Making in SMEs." In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 301–14. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4731-2.ch015.
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This chapter explores theories and concepts of ethical decision making in SMEs and how individuality of entrepreneurs affects their organisations. In order to investigate the entrepreneurial ethical decision-making process, the chapter crossbreeds the concepts of greed and power, cognitive moral development, ethical ideologies, and individual psychological characteristics as determinant of ethical decision making. Through discussion of relevant models, the chapter presents arguments on determinants of individual ethical decision making as well as external factors that influence the decision-making process. In doing so, it aims to provide a distinctive perspective on understanding decision making in SMEs through forming a bridge between individual moral psychology and entrepreneurial decision making. This understanding enables us to have an alternative reasoning when examining employment-related issues.
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Öksüzoğlu-Güven, Gizem. "Decision Making in SMEs." In Human Rights and Ethics, 1049–62. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6433-3.ch057.
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This chapter explores theories and concepts of ethical decision making in SMEs and how individuality of entrepreneurs affects their organisations. In order to investigate the entrepreneurial ethical decision-making process, the chapter crossbreeds the concepts of greed and power, cognitive moral development, ethical ideologies, and individual psychological characteristics as determinant of ethical decision making. Through discussion of relevant models, the chapter presents arguments on determinants of individual ethical decision making as well as external factors that influence the decision-making process. In doing so, it aims to provide a distinctive perspective on understanding decision making in SMEs through forming a bridge between individual moral psychology and entrepreneurial decision making. This understanding enables us to have an alternative reasoning when examining employment-related issues.
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George, Doran. "Contradictory Dissidence." In The Natural Body in Somatics Dance Training, 58–99. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538739.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the dissemination of Somatics pedagogy globally, focusing on five key sites where it developed: New York City, New England, England, the Netherlands, and Australia. Each site developed Somatics in different ways, adapting it to fit the aesthetics and politics of the locale. At the same time, teachers and performers frequently traveled from one site to another, thereby maintaining a network of distinctive yet mutually reinforcing hubs of practice. The chapter shows how Somatics met different kinds of needs for dancers in the distinct locales as they worked to establish experimental approaches to technique and performance and to connect with their sociopolitical surround. Even as Somatics was adapted differently in each location, it also carried with it an ideology of American expansionism that validated freedom and individuality.
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Maloy, Rebecca. "The Melodic Language." In Songs of Sacrifice, 105–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190071530.003.0005.
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This chapter posits a set of principles that underlie the melodic grammar of the Old Hispanic melodies though close analysis of its neumes. In the Old Hispanic notation, certain neumes and neume combinations were used to signal particular structural points in the melodies, pointing to a distinctive culture of musical literacy associated with the rite in the tenth and eleventh centuries. By examining the contexts in which these neumes occur, the author identifies melodic repetitions, and posits which neume patterns served as cadences and openings. Through this analysis, a sophisticated melodic grammar emerges. The melodies are closely tethered to aspects of the text, such as syntax, accent, and syllable division. While melodic variety and individuality are core traits of the repertory, the creators of the chants drew on a large vocabulary of standard melodic formulas, combining it in ever varying ways.
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Serrão, Adriana Veríssimo. "Towards a Landscape Ethics." In Examining a New Paradigm of Heritage With Philosophy, Economy, and Education, 10–19. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3636-0.ch002.
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The author seeks in this chapter to contribute to the deepening of the philosophy of landscape, an area of philosophy still in constitution, paying special attention to the ethical dimension. If the ethics of nature have deep roots in the great systems of idealism and romanticism, and if environmental ethics was most recently formed in the 1980s, offering solutions to the crisis of nature, a landscape-specific ethic did not merit still a sufficiently distinctive theoretical treatment. Some previous notes favor the need for this differentiation. Landscape, as it encompasses a wide range of intersections and interrelationships between various levels of reality—from natural to intervened or highly artificial landscapes—cannot be analytically extracted from nature. Landscape, as a differentiating concept, multiplied by unlimited world configurations, cannot be extracted from the (global) environment because, since each landscape is an individuality, its existence is always local.
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"Distinction, Individuality, Sociality: Patterns for a Heroic Life." In Retelling Stories, Framing Culture, 98–132. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203357750-9.
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Ehrenfeld, David. "Forecast: Chilly Overcast Light Drizzle No People Left." In Swimming Lessons. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148527.003.0014.
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I used to enjoy listening to the National Weather Service forecasts on my short-wave weather radio. An endlessly repeated taped message updated every few hours might be less than thrilling, but the voices of the half-dozen or so forecasters made it come alive. Each one had an identifiable style and intonation; it was easy to assign personalities, even faces, to them. Ten years ago the announcers were all men. There was the one I labeled the grand elder, with his pontifical voice and distinctive, rolling rhythms. When cost-cutting forced the station to move from Manhattan to the grounds of the Brookhaven National Laboratory, way out on Long Island, he disappeared from the airways. Perhaps the daily commute on the Long Island Expressway was too much for the old fellow. I am sure I wasn’t the only listener to mourn the loss of his avuncular cadences. Another announcer who appealed to me spoke fluently until he came to an American Indian place name such as Manasquan or Wanaque (both in New Jersey). Then he hesitated. I could imagine the look of terror in his eyes when he scanned the next line of the script, and there it was, a word with fearsome Q-sounds or daunting combinations of con-sonants and vowels. If I had had any way of getting in touch with him, I would have comforted him by explaining how lucky he was to be broadcasting in the New York–New Jersey metropolitan area. Up in northern Maine, the forecasters have to cope with names such as Caucomgomoc and Chemquasabamticook. Some announcers proclaimed their individuality with what seemed like deliberately odd pronunciations of common words. The most original was the fellow who figured out a new way to say “climate,” an achievement I would have thought was impossible. He did it by lengthening the separation between the two syllables and heavily stressing the second: “cly-matt.”Eventually, the Weather Service hired its first woman announcer, a welcome addition; she made her mark immediately by shortening the phrase “Here are the latest Central Park observations” to “Here is the latest Central Park.”
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Raymont, Paul. "Leibniz’s Distinction Between Natural and Artificial Machines." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 148–52. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199811256.
Full textAbstract:
I maintain that Leibniz's distinction between 'organic machines of nature' and the artificial machine that we produce cannot be adequately understood simply in terms of differing orders of structural complexity. It is not simply that natural machines, having been made by God, are infinitely more complex than the products of our own artifice. Instead, Leibniz's distinction is a thoroughly metaphysical one, having its root in his belief that every natural machine is a corporeal substance, the unity and identity conditions of which derive ultimately from its substantial form. Natural machines are thus true unities, while artificial machines are mere aggregates of substances and are therefore only accidental unities. I briefly explore this connection between Leibniz's distinction between natural and artificial machines and his views about individuality. I conclude on a polemical note, in which it is suggested that these results undermine the currently popular view that Leibniz renounced corporeal substances toward the end of his life.
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"From the Rejection of the Analytic-Synthetic Distinction to Anti-Individualism." In Rule-Following and Realism, 179–222. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjz8212.11.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Distinctive individuality"
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Andrade, Gleyberson, Elder Cirilo, Vinicius Durelli, Bruno Cafeo, and Eiji Adachi. "Data-Flow Analysis Heuristic for Vulnerability Detection on Configurable Systems." In VIII Workshop on Software Visualization. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/vem.2020.14525.
Full textAbstract:
Configurable software systems offer a variety of benefits such as supporting easy configuration of custom behaviours for distinctive needs. However, it is known that the presence of configuration options in source code complicates maintenance tasks and requires additional effort from developers when adding or editing code statements. They need to consider multiple configurations when executing tests or performing static analysis to detect vulnerabilities. Therefore, vulnerabilities have been widely reported in configurable software systems. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of vulnerability detection depends on how the multiple configurations (i.e., samples sets) are selected. In this paper, we tackle the challenge of generating more adequate system configuration samples by taking into account the intrinsic characteristics of security vulnerabilities. We propose a new sampling heuristic based on data-flow analysis for recommending the subset of configurations that should be analyzed individually. Our results show that we can achieve high vulnerability-detection effectiveness with a small sample size.
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Pimonova, E., O. Durandin, and A. Malafeev. "DOC2VEC OR BETTER INTERPRETABILITY? A METHOD STUDY FOR AUTHORSHIP ATTRIBUTION." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-606-614.
Full textAbstract:
In this work, we perform a method study for the problem of authorship attribution in Russian and English. The datasets used consist of 324 works written in Russian and 207 works in English. We propose a set of text representation models that reflect various linguistic phenomena, in particular, morphological and syntactic ones. One distinctive feature of the proposed models is that they are interpretable. These models are used individually and in combination against a Doc2Vec baseline. For Russian, some of our models outperform Doc2Vec, but this does not happen in the case of English, for various reasons. However, the proposed models can also be used together with Doc2Vec, dramatically improving its performance: by 16.79% in the case of Russian and by 7.2% for English. Additionally, we experiment with two different methods for separating texts into blocks of K sentences (contiguous and bootstrapped) and performed parameter tuning of K. Finally, we conduct a feature importance analysis and show which linguistic markers of author style are the most pertinent for Russian, English and for both these languages. All code used in this work is made freely available to the community.