Dissertations / Theses: 'Distinctiveness'

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Lamb, Katherine Marie. "Semantic feature distinctiveness and frequency." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4354.

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Lexical access is the process in which basic components of meaning in language, the lexical entries (words) are activated. This activation is based on the organization and representational structure of the lexical entries. Semantic features of words, which are the prominent semantic characteristics of a word concept, provide important information because they mediate semantic access to words. An experiment was conducted to examine the importance of semantic feature distinctiveness and feature frequency in accessing the lexical representations of young and older adults in an off-line task using features of animals. The McRae, Cree, Seidenberg, and McNorgan (2005) feature norm corpus is the basis for the selection of stimuli for the current research project. Semantic features were utilized to explore the structure of the lexicon. Stimuli varied in feature distinctiveness based on the study by McRae, et al. (2005) in 3 broad stimulus groups: Distinctive (D), Low Frequency Non-Distinctive (LFND), and Non-Distinctive High Frequency (NDHF). Participants were asked to list all of the concepts that came to mind for a given feature in an untimed task. Distinctiveness was examined between stimulus groups for the number of concepts and variety of first concepts given to the presented feature. It was found that fewer concepts were given and there was less variety in first concepts given for the distinctive features and the most concepts and greater variety of first concepts were given for the high-frequency non-distinctive features. Distinctiveness appears to vary along a continuum, supporting theories of lexical access based on activation and competition between concept words. Additionally, participant age groups were compared for the number of concepts given and the variety of first concepts given. The older adult group produced more concepts and more variety of first concepts than the younger group, in all three feature categories. These results indicate that greater (lifetime) language experience of the participants in the older group was reflected in their performance. A continued interest in semantic features is important to our understanding of the influence of features on the retrieval of semantic concepts and the changes in those retrieval processes over the lifespan.

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Vignoles, Vivian L. "Identity, culture and the distinctiveness principle." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2138/.

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Vernescu, Roxana M. "Distinctiveness effects in children's long-term retention." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0004/MQ42455.pdf.

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Pruneau, Genevieve Mary Catherine Weathers Frank W. "Distinctiveness of avoidance and numbing in PTSD." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Psychology/Thesis/Pruneau_Genevieve_10.pdf.

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Wickham, Lee H. V. "Attractiveness and distinctiveness of the human face." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322342.

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Swallow, Kelly A. "Ancient woodland vegetation : distinctiveness and community ecology." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2018. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5800/.

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The high floristic biodiversity value of ancient woodland is widely acknowledged, as is its status as a fragmented habitat of limited spatial extent. The distinctive vegetation of ancient woodland is an important factor in its conservation. Specifically, Ancient Woodland Indicator (AWI) species have been shown to be poor dispersers and incompatible with a fragmented habitat that is subject to environmental change. In recognition of their ecological importance, both Ancient Semi-Natural Woodland (ASNW) and Ancient Replanted Woodland (ARW) are protected by legislation. This thesis took the novel approach of examining the distinctiveness and community ecology of vegetation communities in all three woodland types of ASNW, ARW, and recent woodland. Importantly, analyses were based on new high-granularity primary vegetation and soil data. To address questions raised in the literature regarding the accuracy of ancient woodland and AWI identification, this research examined the metrics used to distinguish these habitats and species. Increasingly, the literature calls for further understanding of the ecological drivers of ancient woodland vegetation distinctiveness. In response, this research tested for differences in species composition of canopy, shrub, herb layer, AWI, and moss communities across all three woodland types. For AWI species, biotic, abiotic, and biogeographical variables were analysed for their contribution to community distinctiveness. Results highlighted the importance of consistency in metric selection when assessing the distinctiveness of ancient woodland and determining indicator species. In addition to the usual alpha scale measure of distinctiveness, assessing richness and community composition at the beta and gamma scales is recommended to inform conservation. Life traits and dispersal mechanisms were important differentiators for herb layer community composition among the woodland types. AWI richness was equally strongly explained by biogeographical variables as by ASNW, ARW, and recent status. Overall, this thesis supported ecological and biogeographical explanations for the distinctiveness of ancient woodland vegetation.

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Lee, Joo Hwan. "Does Optimal Distinctiveness Contribute to Group Polarization?" Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1241642890.

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Hawkins, Christoph Y. "Distinctiveness as an origin of self-schemas /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488191124571594.

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Marcon, Jessica L. "The distinctiveness effect in fingerprint identification how the role of distinctiveness, information loss, and informational bias influence fingerprint identification /." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Brandt, Karen R. "Exploring subjective experience : the role of item distinctiveness." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268979.

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van, Ittersum Kyle William. "The distinctiveness of engagement and flow at work." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18974.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Psychological Sciences
Clive Fullagar
Within the literature on engagement at work there has traditionally been a focus on overall work engagement. However, in recent years there has been increasing research on applying a specific form of task engagement, called flow, to the world of work. The current project details two studies that serve to differentiate and understand the relationship between overall work engagement and flow. The first study collected data on engagement and flow from several hundred working adults and used confirmatory factor analysis to explore the factor structure of the two concepts. Results indicated that flow and engagement are separate constructs, albeit related. The second study again collected data from working adults, however, the goal was to show the differential relationships both flow and engagement have with the work outcomes of job satisfaction, commitment, citizenship behaviors, and burnout. Results indicated that both flow and engagement were significant predictors of these outcomes with engagement being the stronger predictor of the two. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also discussed in full.

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Palmer, Bill. "Commonality and distinctiveness : towards a theory of morphemics." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1810.

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This work is concerned with the nature of morphemes. It attempts to define and characterise 'morpheme', and provide practical tools for the analysis of morphemes. The work drew its instigation from the practical problems in morphology, in which the phonological and semantic relationships between morphological objects did not parallel the relationships between the roles of those objects in word formation. These relationships are to a large extent not identifiable or describable within the existing approaches to morphology. This work seeks to identify and describe these relationships as the relationships between morphemic entities. In other words, it focuses on morphemes as morphemes, rather than as the atoms of word formation, and seeks to characterise them from that perspective.

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Palmer, Bill. "Commonality and distinctiveness : towards a theory of morphemics." University of Sydney, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1810.

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Master of Arts
This work is concerned with the nature of morphemes. It attempts to define and characterise 'morpheme', and provide practical tools for the analysis of morphemes. The work drew its instigation from the practical problems in morphology, in which the phonological and semantic relationships between morphological objects did not parallel the relationships between the roles of those objects in word formation. These relationships are to a large extent not identifiable or describable within the existing approaches to morphology. This work seeks to identify and describe these relationships as the relationships between morphemic entities. In other words, it focuses on morphemes as morphemes, rather than as the atoms of word formation, and seeks to characterise them from that perspective.

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Glavin, Kevin W. "The Role of Distinctiveness in Assessing Vocational Personality Types." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1236741098.

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Hillesheim, Benjamin James. "Cranial Morphological Distinctiveness Between Ursus arctos and U. americanus." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3261.

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Despite being separated by millions of years of evolution, black bears (Ursus americanus) and brown bears (Ursus arctos) can be difficult to distinguish based on skeletal and dental material alone. Complicating matters, some Late Pleistocene U. americanus are significantly larger in size than their modern relatives, obscuring the identification of the two bears. In the past, fossil bears have been identified based on differences in dental morphology or size. This study used geometric morphometrics to look at overall differences in cranial shape and used step-wise discriminant analysis to identify specific characters that distinguish cranial morphology between black and brown bears. Such differences could prove important in identifying fossil bears when crania are present but teeth are missing. Furthermore, being able to properly identify U. arctos and U. americanus crania is important in understanding evolutionary and ecological distinctions among both fossil and modern bears. Principal components, discriminant, and thin plate spline analyses indicated a clear morphological separation between the crania of U. americanus and U. arctos and highlighted key identifying features including a more convex forehead and a narrower, more elongate rostrum in U. arctos than U. americanus.

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Marshall, Tara Christine. "Standing out across cultures, personal distinctiveness in Canada and Japan." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0024/MQ50467.pdf.

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Janisch, Jonas [Verfasser], and Alexander [Gutachter] Vossen. "Optimal distinctiveness and entrepreneurial growth / Jonas Janisch ; Gutachter: Alexander Vossen." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1241332592/34.

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18

Siefke, Brian Michael. "The Formation of Episodic Memory: How Context Change Shapes Distinctiveness." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500642787431847.

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19

Watier, Nicholas. "Metacognitive Aspects of Face Identification." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20532.

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To date, relatively little research has investigated participants’ ability to monitor their memory for faces and names. Four experiments were conducted with aim of developing a comprehensive profile of memory monitoring performance during face identification tasks. In each experiment, memory monitoring judgements were solicited during encoding and/or retrieval of unfamiliar face-name pairs. In general, subjective estimates of future and past memory performance were valid predictors of objective memory performance, regardless of whether a face or name was the item to be retrieved from memory. As a test of the stability of memory monitoring accuracy across different categories of stimuli, memory monitoring for face-name pairs was compared with noun-noun pairs. The predictive validity of estimates of future memory performance was similar across the categories of stimuli, but the predictive validity of estimates of past memory performance was superior for nouns compared with names. A subset of the studies examined the influence of face and name distinctiveness on memory and memory monitoring for face-name associations. This was done in an attempt to identify sources of information that individuals might use to monitor their memory during face-name learning. The beneficial effects of distinctiveness on associative memory were symmetrical between faces and names, such that relative to their typical counterparts, distinct faces enhanced memory for names, and distinct names enhanced memory for faces. These effects were also apparent in memory monitoring. Estimates of future and past memory performance were greater for face-name associations that contained a distinct face or name compared with a typical face or name, regardless of whether the distinct item was a cue or target. Moreover, the predictive validity of prospective monitoring improved with name distinctiveness, whereas the predictive validity of retrospective monitoring improved with facial distinctiveness. Altogether, the results of the dissertation indicate that participants can monitor their memory for faces and names at a level above chance, that retrospective metamemory is more accurate for nouns compared with names, and that distinctiveness not only affects the strength of the association between a face and a name, but also the ability to monitor that association.

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Pryke, Sean Patrick. "Face distinctiveness as a factor in computerized mug shot sorting techniques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22383.pdf.

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21

Herbert, Jacqueline Claire. "The distinctiveness of Thomas Arnold's understanding of the scheme of salvation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434357.

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Roads, Judith. "The distinctiveness of Quaker prose, 1650-1699 : a corpus-based enquiry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5938/.

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This study ascertains what is recognisably distinctive about seventeenth-century Quaker prose compared to other contemporary varieties of prose, and identifies characteristic features of that style. By compiling and investigating through corpus analysis techniques a collection of texts from a wide range of authors, I reveal key elements of the language through quantitative methods not previously applied to this subject. The study is not genre-based nor is it a literary investigation of a single author. The corpus is unusual in comprising texts by many different people within the same community of practice, demonstrating a remarkable uniformity of style and discourse. Typical stylistic features include a speech-like informal register, idiosyncratic syntax and sentence length, and I suggest reasons why Quakers developed this sociolect. In key Quaker lexis I found unexpected frequencies and usage, including findings that differ from assertions in the critical literature. Corpus analysis provides new insights into early Quakerism as well as establishing a new mode of research. My findings clarify understanding of early Quaker writing, experience and practice, dispelling some present-day misconceptions.

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Kline, Valerie A. "The Effects of Distinctiveness, Location, and Individual Differences on Boundary Extension." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1592397.

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Boundary extension is a perceptual phenomenon in which people remember more of a scene than they actually saw. This effect is very robust, found in subjects of all ages, and observed as rapidly as 1/20th of a second after scene onset. Due to several factors, including the rapid onset, boundary extension is thought to be an automatic process. However, some studies have indicated that attentional factors may influence the effect. This study examined the idea that differences in attention may alter the degree of boundary extension. Specifically, the current study investigated the automaticity of boundary extension by altering the attentional resources allocated to an image. This was manipulated in two ways. First, the location of the objects in the scene were placed either centrally or peripherally. Second, the categorical distinctiveness of the objects in the scene was manipulated such that half of the images contained a single distinctive object while the other half contained none. Including distinctive objects in the picture plane should entice participants to more deeply process the images, thus attenuate boundary extension. Individual differences in need for cognition and field dependence/independence were also considered. These additional scales allowed for the examination of individual differences in information processing styles in relation to the boundary extension error. Results indicate the relationship between these factors is complex, but that in general, increased attention reduces the degree of reported boundary extension.

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Macdonald, Gaynor. "The Koori way the dynamics of cultural distinctiveness in settled Australia /." Connect to full text, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5433.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1988.
Title from title screen (viewed October 8, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Anthropology, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 1988; thesis submitted 1986. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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Macdonald, Gaynor (Gaynor Marilyn) 1948. "The Koori way : the dynamics of cultural distinctiveness in settled Australia." Phd thesis, Department of Anthropology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5433.

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Chatterjee, Sen Aparna. "Theravadi buddhists of Siliguri: study of socio- cultural distinctiveness and exchange." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2020. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4324.

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Kikutani, Mariko. "Categorical perception for unfamiliar identities : Issues of face learning, labelling and distinctiveness." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499820.

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Steyn, Ettiene. "Brand distinctiveness of a new trade name for MC Design & Contracting." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97361.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aimed to answer the question whether a change of trade name would affect the brand distinctiveness of MC Design & Contracting. MC Design & Contracting is a small to medium-sized enterprise based in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The business falls within a segment of the manufacturing sector known as the engineering sector. The business manufactures and installs engineered production facilities and components to industrial markets. As MC Design & Contracting is based in the Eastern Cape where the majority of South African automotive manufacturers are situated, it has a strong reliance on the automotive industry. In an attempt to break this single industry reliance, MC Design & Contracting management has deployed customer diversification strategies. The brand MC Design & Contracting is unique and the business therefore has achieved brand distinctiveness within its industry sector. The customer differentiation strategy requires marketing and sales personnel to target new customers that are not familiar with the business. As a promotional aspect of business-to-business marketing, the element of personal selling plays an important role. The salesforce and marketing personnel felt that the trade name of the business, MC Design & Contracting, was no longer aligned with its customer value proposition. They considered the trade name to be a distraction to the selling and promotions process. In order to assess the impact of a trade name change, MC Design & Contracting’s board requested an independent study dealing with the matter. This study set out to establish the various elements relating to the design of a trade name, including the procedural and legal requirements within a South African context. The ultimate goal of branding is for a business to achieve a degree of ‘uniqueness’ over its competitors. Referred to as ‘brand distinctiveness’, this study explored how trade names relate to brand distinctiveness. The study utilised a qualitative research methodology in the form of semi-structured interviews to gather data from internal and external stakeholders of MC Design & Contracting. The study found that MC Design & Contracting has a distinctive brand, but its trade name is no longer relevant. Furthermore, the study suggests that a change of trade name would affect both brand recognition and brand distinctiveness. The study concludes with recommendations to MC Design & Contracting’s board of directors. The recommendations revolve around the process of selecting an effective trade name that contains an element of distinctiveness. It also deals with the element of brand protection by suggesting the registration of a trademark.

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Rothi, Despina M. "Threats to aspects of national distinctiveness as barriers to British-European identification." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843782/.

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At a practical level, the findings of the research reported in this thesis are discussed in terms of the potential role powerful anti-EU discourses have in accentuating perceptions of incompatibility between British national and European identities, and levels of national identity tlueat. At a theoretical level, the findings are discussed in relation to the utility of including identity content in cross-level social identity investigations, the distinction between intergroup distinctiveness threat and group distinctiveness threat and the structural representations used to symbolise the relations between cross-level identifications.

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Whiting, Steven W. "The informational distinctiveness of organizational citizenship behaviors explaining the OCB-performance appraisal relationship /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3223042.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Kelley School of Business, 2006.
"Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 26, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2237. Adviser: Philip M. Podsakoff.

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Freis, Stephanie Desiree. "How a Need for Distinctiveness Characterizes Similarities and Differences among the Narcissistic Subtypes." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1497623277441666.

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Law-To, Julien. "From genericity to distinctiveness of video content description : application to video copy detection." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0025.

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My PhD thesis presents a new approach for indexing large sets of videos by their content. The proposed concept is based on the extraction and the local description of different natures of points of interest and further on the estimation of their trajectories along the video sequence. Analyzing the low-level description obtained allows highlighting semantic labels of behaviors. Searching for copies in large video databases is a new critical issue. ViCopT is a system dedicated to video copy detection based on our video description. A complete evaluation on a large video database (1,000 hours) demonstrates the robustness and the discriminability of ViCopT and the relevance of our strategy. Comparative evaluations in European and international contexts present the high performances of our system facing other academic and industrial systems
Mes travaux de thèse portent sur l’indexation et la recherche dans de grandes bases de vidéos. Partant d’une description visuelle de l’image basée sur plusieurs natures de points d’intérêt, notre approche aboutit à une représentation de plus haut niveau, associant descripteurs visuels locaux, leurs trajectoires ainsi qu’une interprétation en termes de comportement de ces descripteurs locaux au sein de la vidéo. Cette méthode permet une description fine de la vidéo tout en réduisant la redondance temporelle qui lui est intrinsèquement liée. Une application cruciale dans la gestion de patrimoines numériques est la traçabilité du catalogue vidéo. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons ViCopT, un système de détection de copie par le contenu. Une validationde sa robustesse et de sa discriminance a été réalisée sur une base de 1000h et a montrée la pertinence de nos choix. Les hautes performances de ViCopT ont été mesurées dans des évaluations comparatives tant au niveau européen qu'international

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Siefke, Brian Michael. "Change-based Context Effects in Episodic Memory." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385474045.

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Brantner, Emily K. "Regional evolutionary distinctiveness and endangerment as a means of prioritizing protection of endangered species." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2267.

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Conservation is costly, and choices must be made about where to best allocate limited resources. I propose a regional evolutionary diversity and endangerment (RED-E) approach to prioritization of endangered species. It builds off of the evolutionary diversity and global endangerment (EDGE) approach, but will allow conservation agencies to focus their efforts on species in specific regions. I used the RED-E approach to prioritize mammal and bird species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), as well as to make a ranking of species without ESA critical habitat (CH), as a practical application. Regional conservation approaches differ significantly from global approaches. The RED-E approach places a high significance on the level of endangerment of a species, but also allows for very distinct species to have increased prioritization on the RED-E list. Using the CH RED-E list, the U.S. government could begin focusing resources toward endangered and genetically diverse species.

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Eade, Ruth M. "The distinctiveness of Church of England Voluntary Aided Schools and the headteacher selection process." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286582.

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Elnager, Maisa Obeid. "The concepts of distinctiveness and similarity in the trade marks law of the UK." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324746.

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Laycock, Samantha. "The distinctiveness of referendum voting : the case of the 1997 devolution referendum in Scotland." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410231.

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Pan, Xin. "The impact of technological diversification on firm performance : mechanical, institutional and optimal distinctiveness views." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/42524.

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Chinese firms are experiencing a rapid increase in technological diversification, which is referred to as maintaining their capabilities in multiple technologies. However, the research on the relationship between technological diversification and firm performance is inconclusive. This PhD thesis tries to re-investigate the technological diversification-firm performance relationship from three different perspectives using data on Chinese listed firms from 2003 to 2014. First, the thesis tries to overcome the shortcomings of previous technological diversification research by unpacking technological diversification into explorative and exploitative technological dimensions from the mechanical view and studying their roles in firm performance. The findings suggest that technological diversification that combines explorative and exploitative dimensions is positively related to firm performance. This relationship is conditional on intangible complementary assets and firm type (high or low-tech firms). Second, this thesis tries to investigate the technological diversification-firm performance relationship through an institutional view that has hardly been mentioned in the previous literature. Here it is argued that firms try to use technological diversification as a way to gain legitimacy. In order to do so, firms' technological diversification need to be similar to the industrial norms. The results reveal a positive relationship between firms' conformity in technological diversification and their performance. The results further delineate the boundary conditions that influence this relationship. While environmental dynamism strengthens the conformity-performance relationship, environmental munificence reduces it. Finally, this thesis tries to integrate both a mechanical view and an institutional view of technological diversification and find evidence to support the optimal distinctiveness view that firms should reach a balance between these views. The results reveal a curvilinear (inverted U-shaped) relationship between firms' conformity in technological diversification and their performance. I also test the boundary conditions of this relationship. While firm age strengthens the conformity-performance relationship, state ownership weakens it.

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Potter, Timothy. "The cognitive representation of face distinctiveness : theoretical contribution and direct evidence for face space models." Université catholique de Louvain, 2008. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-09082008-092444/.

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The distinctiveness of a face is a crucial factor for its ability to be discriminated, memorized, and identified correctly. In this thesis, we provided a contribution to face distinctiveness by examining the impact of socially relevant factors such as attractiveness, group and emotional expression on distinctiveness. We show that attractive faces are more similar to each other than unattractive faces, using female Caucasian faces and male faces of a Caucasian and heterogeneous Non-Caucasian group. We also show, using 3D face generated faces of photo-realistic quality, that attractive faces were closer to the prototype of only their specific group, and that hence typicality of attractive faces was group specific. Lastly, we show that assigning an emotional expression to a face that is evaluatively incongruent with its race makes it more psychologically distinctive, as revealed in perceptual discrimination and memory tasks.

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Kelly, Andrew John. "The influence of recollection and familiarity on age-related differences in primary and secondary distinctiveness." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47617.

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The distinctiveness effect refers to the empirical finding of superior memory for items that stand out from the environment relative to common stimuli. Two variants of distinctiveness paradigms (isolation effect and orthographic distinctiveness) were examined under intentional learning instructions. The isolation effect was also examined using incidental learning instructions. Both groups exhibited distinctiveness effects; further, these effects were accompanied by increases in recollection and familiarity with intentional learning only. This finding is surprising as older adults normatively show declines in recollection with advancing age. Under incidental instructions, none of the groups demonstrated distinctiveness effects, and estimates of recollection and familiarity were identical for distinct and non-distinct items. There was no evidence for heightened objective source memory for distinct items, across the three experiments. These results contribute to a growing literature that older adults can benefit from the presence of distinct information; however, not with incidental learning instructions. Furthermore, the current experiments suggest that in distinctiveness paradigms, older adults are able to display estimates of recollection that are commensurate with young adults. This outcome may arise because distinctiveness paradigms support relational processing, which in turn can improve item-specific processing and boost recollection judgments.

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Gkeredakis, Emmanouil. "Explaining the Distinctiveness of Coordination through an in-depth study of a Major Construction Project." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511055.

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Smith, Kathryn Elizabeth. "Purging Disorder: An Exploratory Investigation of Phenomenology, Psychological Correlates, and Distinctiveness as a Diagnostic Category." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1301337284.

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Wilson, Erica Elise. "The Impact of Sports Team Players Knowing Each Other Well:Nonverbal Distinctiveness and Intra-team Communication." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1374057858.

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Daskalaki, Ivi. "Experiencing distinctiveness at the margins of the school : relatedness, performance, and becoming a Greek gypsy." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418012.

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Dupasquier, M. "Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde - Distinctiveness and plasticity of mononuclear phagocytes in the mouse skin." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/13958.

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Wood, Noelle L. "Memory for recent words : a matter of short-term memory storage or long-term distinctiveness? /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9737848.

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Kosny, Barbara Vachudová Milada Anna. "The distinctiveness of the European Union's influence on Latin America European values, governance, and integration /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2746.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Mar. 10, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Political Science in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.

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Williams, Lynne Elizabeth. "Individual distinctiveness, short- and long-term comparisons, and context specific rates of Florida manatee vocalizations /." Electronic version (PDF), 2005. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2005/williamsl/lynnewilliams.pdf.

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Greenfield, Paul Aubrey. "Applications of kMer Distinctiveness and Context Exploration in the Data-driven Analysis of Genomic Sequences." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21938.

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The distinctiveness of medium-length DNA strings of length ‘k’ (‘kMers’), both within and between genomes, is foundational for much of bioinformatics and molecular biology, including many commonly used tools such as assemblers, aligners and error correctors. The three quite different bioinformatics tools discussed in this thesis all make use of kMer distinctiveness to handle the most frequent cases of sequence extension or correction very efficiently, and then use a novel depth-first context exploration algorithm to choose between alternatives when there is more than one viable ‘next’ kMer (or path or base). This work is founded on two common themes/principles: - kMer distinctiveness is useful (but not sufficient). Once ‘k’ is greater than about 20, kMers effectively become distinct. Longer kMers are necessarily more distinct than shorter kMers, and multiple kMer lengths can be used to improve performance and accuracy. - Metrics generated from recursively exploring the context of a kMer can be used to make correct choices when kMers themselves prove to be insufficiently distinct. The tools described all make use of the same algorithmic technique of a recursive, depth-first exploration of the consequences of choosing a particular alternative kMer or correction. The published bioinformatics papers are supplemented by additional material that describes the computational techniques in more detail than was possible in the original publication; brings the work up to date; provides additional results and comparisons; and discusses related work that will be published in the near future. Altogether, the research work discussed covers three published and one planned first-author bioinformatics methods papers, and references six co-authored biological applications papers that made use of the technologies described in this thesis.

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Mäntylä, Timo. "How do you cue? : self-generated retrieval cues and successfull recall." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 1986. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100705.

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The present thesis deals with the determinants of good memory performance. A more specific objective of the thesis was to examine prerequisites for successful recall performance from the point of view of cue effectiveness. The concept of cue effectiveness was proposed as a superordinate construct underlying the act of remembering in general as well as,exceptional memory performance. It was argued that to the extent that effective cues are provided when retrieval is attempted, good recall would be obtained even without use of specific mnemonic systems. Two characteristics of cue effectiveness were assumed to determine the level of recall performance. First, a retrieval cue has to provide a compatible description of the information encoded, and second, an optimal cue is the one that also represents a distinctive description of that information. Provided that these two characteristics of cue effectiveness are fullfilled, successful recall was expected to occur. In order to optimize cue efficiency an experimental paradigm was introduced. The main feature of the self-generation paradigm is that, in contrast to traditional cued-recall experiments, subjects are provided with cues, which according to the individual's own conceptualization constitute an appropriate description of the previously encoded information. The four studies composing the empirical section of the thesis, demonstrated, first, that self-generated cues serve as extremely powerful retrieval aids. Secondly, it was demonstrated that compatibility and distinctiveness may be the cardinal concepts underlying the empirical phenomenon per se and the essence of the notion of cue effectiveness. Finally, it was proposed that the methodological contribution is of such a nature that it may apply successifully to more practical situations.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ. 1986, härtill 4 uppsatser

digitalisering@umu

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distinctiveness'

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