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Journal articles on the topic 'Distributed Feedback Laser (DFB)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Huang, Wen Zhu, Wen Tao Zhang, Huai Xiang Ma, Fang Li, and Yan Liang Du. "Distributed Feedback Fiber Laser Rosette for Acoustic Emission Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 330 (June 2013): 412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.330.412.

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This study aims at providing a practical method in large structure health monitoring. A novel fiber optic rosette based on distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser for acoustic emission (AE) detection and location is presented. The ultra-narrow line width of the DFB fiber laser will result in high resolution in AE wave detection using a fiber optic interferometric demodulation method. The directivity of the fiber optic rosette is investigated. A rosette with three DFB fiber lasers is tested in the experiment to determine the direction of propagation of AE waves.

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2

LUO, YI, and WEI WANG. "DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PHOTONIC INTEGRATED DEVICES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 07, no. 03 (September 1996): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156496000220.

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Distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers, especially those with gain-coupled (GC) mechanisms, are studied. A GaAlAs/GaAs multi-quantum well GC-DFB laser with a loss grating is fabricated using MBE for the first time. A 1.3 µm InGaAsP/InP DFB laser with a loss grating and one with a gain grating formed by injected carriers are developed by LPE and MOVPE, respectively. GC-DFB lasers monolithically integrated with electroabsorption modulator is studied systematically for the first time. A novel integrated device structure is proposed and fabricated successfully.

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3

Zhai, Tianrui, Xiaojie Ma, Liang Han, Shuai Zhang, Kun Ge, Yanan Xu, Zhiyang Xu, and Libin Cui. "Self-Aligned Emission of Distributed Feedback Lasers on Optical Fiber Sidewall." Nanomaterials 11, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092381.

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This article assembles a distributed feedback (DFB) cavity on the sidewalls of the optical fiber by using very simple fabrication techniques including two-beam interference lithography and dip-coating. The DFB laser structure comprises graduated gratings on the optical fiber sidewalls which are covered with a layer of colloidal quantum dots. Directional DFB lasing is observed from the fiber facet due to the coupling effect between the grating and the optical fiber. The directional lasing from the optical fiber facet exhibits a small solid divergence angle as compared to the conventional laser. It can be attributed to the two-dimensional light confinement in the fiber waveguide. An analytical approach based on the Bragg condition and the coupled-wave theory was developed to explain the characteristics of the laser device. The intensity of the output coupled laser is tuned by the coupling coefficient, which is determined by the angle between the grating vector and the fiber axis. These results afford opportunities to integrate different DFB lasers on the same optical fiber sidewall, achieving multi-wavelength self-aligned DFB lasers for a directional emission. The proposed technique may provide an alternative to integrating DFB lasers for applications in networking, optical sensing, and power delivery.

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4

Bousseta, Hamza, A. Zatni, A. Amghar, A. Moumen, and A. Elyamani. "Dynamic Response of Two-Electrode Distributed Feedback Laser for Stable Signal Mode Operation." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i1.pp23-30.

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The longitudinal spatial hole burning (LSHB) effect has been known to limit the performance of distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers to achieve a better dynamic signal mode operation (DSMO). So, in order to ensure a stable (DSMO), we propose a novel device design of two electrode DFB lasers with longitudinal variation in the coupling coefficient (distributed coupling coefficient (DCC)), the structure also contains a phase shifted in middle of the cavity. By means of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) numerical method, we analyze dynamic response of our structure and we also compare the results with the conventional two electrode DFB laser (TE-DFB). The numerical simulation shows that, a better dynamic signal mode has been achieved by TE-DCC-DFB lasers in comparison with TE-DFB laser due to its better and high side mode suppression ratio (SMSR). Therefore, the TE-DCC-DFB lasers will be useful to extend the transmission distance in optical fiber communication systems.

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5

Zhou, Puxi, Lianze Niu, Anwer Hayat, Fengzhao Cao, Tianrui Zhai, and Xinping Zhang. "Operating Characteristics of High-Order Distributed Feedback Polymer Lasers." Polymers 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11020258.

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In this study, high-order distributed-feedback (DFB) polymer lasers were comparatively investigated. Their performance relies on multiple lasing directions and their advantages include their high manufacturing tolerances due to the large grating periods. Nine laser cavities were fabricated by spin-coating the gain polymer films onto a grating structure, which was manufactured via interference lithography that operated at the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th DFB orders. Low threshold lasing and high slope efficiency were achieved in high-order DFB polymer lasers due to the large grating groove depth and the large gain layer thickness. A high-order DFB configuration shows possible advantages, including the ability to control the lasing direction and to achieve multiple-wavelength lasers. Furthermore, our investigation demonstrates that the increase in threshold and decrease in slope efficiency with an increase in the feedback order can be limited by controlling the structural parameters.

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6

Teng, Jing Hua, Lip Fah Chong, J. R. Dong, Soo Jin Chua, Norman Soo Seng Ang, Yan Jun Wang, and Ee Leong Lim. "Distributed Feedback Laser Using Buried Dielectric Grating." Advanced Materials Research 31 (November 2007): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.31.189.

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In this paper, we report a DFB laser diode with a buried SiO2 grating. Epitaxy lateral overgrowth by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) is conducted to grow the p-type InP cladding layers in the nano-patterned dielectric grating template. The large refractive index difference between SiO2 and InP results an index coupling coefficient κ of about 250 cm-1. The fabricated DFB laser showed a side mode suppression ratio larger than 45 dB measured. The technology developed can also be used for other applications that require high efficiency grating structure.

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7

Bouchene, Mohammed Mehdi, Rachid Hamdi, and Qin Zou. "Theorical analysis of a monolithic all-active three-section semiconductor laser." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i4.785.

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We propose a novel semiconductor laser structure. It is composed of three cascaded active sections: a Fabry-Pérot laser section sandwiched between two gain-coupled distributed feedback (DFB) laser sections. We have modeled this multi-section structure. The simulation results show that compared with index- and gain-coupled DFB lasers, a significant reduction in the longitudinal spatial-hole burning can be obtained with the proposed device, and that this leads to a stable single longitudinal mode operation at relatively high optical power with a SMSR exceeding 56dB. Full Text: PDF ReferencesL.A. Coldren, "Monolithic tunable diode lasers", IEEE J. Select. Topics Quant. Electron. 6, 988 (2000) CrossRef O. Kjebon, R. Schatz, S. Lourdudoss, S. Nilsson, B. Stalnacke, L. Backbom, "30 GHz direct modulation bandwidth in detuned loaded InGaAsP DBR lasers at 1.55 [micro sign]m wavelength", Electron. Lett. 33(6), 488 (1997). CrossRef N. Kim, J. Shin, E. Sim, C.W. Lee, D.-S. Yee, M.Y. Jeon, Y. Jang, K.H. Park, "Monolithic dual-mode distributed feedback semiconductor laser for tunable continuous-wave terahertz generation", Opt. Expr. 17(16), 13851 (2009). CrossRef M.J. Wallace, R. ORreilly Meehan, R.R Enright, F. Bello, D. Mccloskey, B. Barabadi, E.N. Wang, J.F. Donegan, "Athermal operation of multi-section slotted tunable lasers", Opt. Expr. 25(13), 14426 (2017). CrossRef J.E. Carroll, J.E.A. Whiteaway, R.G.S. Plumb, "Distributed Feedback Semiconductor Lasers", Distributed feedback semiconductor lasers (IEE and SPIE, 1998). CrossRef H. Ghafour-Shiraz, Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes and Optical Tunable Filters (Wiley, 2003). CrossRef D.D. Marcenac, Ph.D dissertation (University of Cambridge, 1993). DirectLink L.M. Zhang, J.E. Carroll, C. Tsang, "Dynamic response of the gain-coupled DFB laser", IEEE J. Quant. Electr. 29, 1722 (1993). CrossRef W. Li, W.-P. Huang, X. Li, J. Hong, "Multiwavelength gain-coupled DFB laser cascade: design modeling and simulation", IEEE J. Quant. Electro. 36(10), 1110 (2000). CrossRef B.M. Mehdi, H. Rachid, in Proc. 3rd Intern. Conf. on Embedded Systems in Telecomm. and Instrument., Annaba, Algeria (2016). DirectLinkC. Henry, "Theory of the linewidth of semiconductor lasers", IEEE J.Quant. Electr. QE-18, 259 (1982). CrossRef K. Takaki, T. Kise, K. Maruyama, N. Yamanaka, M. Funabashi, A. Kasukawa, "Reduced linewidth re-broadening by suppressing longitudinal spatial hole burning in high-power 1.55-/spl mu/m continuous-wave distributed-feedback (CW-DFB) laser diodes", IEEE J. Quant. Electr. 39, 1060 (2003) CrossRef

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8

Al-Hosiny, N. M., R. El-Agmy, M. M. Abd El-Raheem, and M. J. Adams. "Distributed feedback (DFB) laser under strong optical injection." Optics Communications 283, no. 4 (February 2010): 579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2009.10.100.

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9

Groothoff, Nathaniel, John Canning, Tom Ryan, Katja Lyytikainen, and Hugh Inglis. "Distributed feedback photonic crystal fibre (DFB-PCF) laser." Optics Express 13, no. 8 (2005): 2924. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opex.13.002924.

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10

Dhoore, Sören, Anna Köninger, Ralf Meyer, Gunther Roelkens, and Geert Morthier. "Electronically Tunable Distributed Feedback (DFB) Laser on Silicon." Laser & Photonics Reviews 13, no. 3 (January 11, 2019): 1800287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201800287.

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11

Deng, Li, Liao, Xie, and Luo. "InGaN/GaN Distributed Feedback Laser Diodes with Surface Gratings and Sidewall Gratings." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100699.

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A variety of potential applications such as visible light communications require laser sources with a narrow linewidth and a single wavelength emission in the blue light region. The gallium nitride (GaN)-based distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) is a promising light source that meets these requirements. Here, we present GaN DFB-LDs that share growth and fabrication processes and have surface gratings and sidewall gratings on the same epitaxial substrate, which makes LDs with different structures comparable. By electrical pulse pumping, single-peak emissions at 398.5 and 399.95 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.32 and 0.23 nm were achieved, respectively. The surface and sidewall gratings were fabricated alongside the p-contact metal stripe by electrical beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching. DFB LDs with 2.5 µm ridge width exhibit a smaller FWHM than those with 5 and 10 µm ridge widths, indicating that the narrow ridge width is favorable for the narrowing of the line width of the DFB LD. The slope efficiency of the DFB LD with sidewall gratings is higher than that of surface grating DFB LDs with the same ridge width and period of gratings. Our experiment may provide a reliable and simple approach for optimizing gratings and GaN DFB-LDs.

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12

Zhao, Wu, Yuanfeng Mao, Dan Lu, Yongguang Huang, Lingjuan Zhao, Qiang Kan, and Wei Wang. "Modulation Bandwidth Enhancement of Monolithically Integrated Mutually Coupled Distributed Feedback Laser." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 25, 2020): 4375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124375.

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Modulation bandwidth enhancement of directly modulated semiconductor lasers (DMLs) has attracted broad interest to accommodate the tremendously growing demand for network traffic. In this paper, a monolithically integrated mutually coupled (IMC) laser for the O-band is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. The direct modulation bandwidth was enhanced utilizing a photon–photon resonance (PPR) effect based on the mutual injection-locking technique. The IMC laser consisted of two distributed feedback (DFB) laser sections with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) section in between. The relationship between the PPR frequency and SOA length was analyzed numerically to achieve a flat modulation response by optimizing the SOA length. Then, an enhanced 3-dB bandwidth of 38.7 GHz was realized experimentally, a nearly threefold enhancement over the modulation bandwidth of a solitary DFB laser at the same bias. Moreover, clear open eyes up to 40 Gb/s transmission over a 25-km single-mode fiber were achieved. Although the dynamic extinction ratio of the eye diagram was 1.1 dB, it can be further improved by increasing the mutual injection locking range of the IMC laser.

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13

K. Hisham, Hisham. "Controlling the Q-Point in Distributed Feedback Lasers Using a Numerical Optimization Methodology." Engineering and Technology Journal 37, no. 5A (May 25, 2019): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.37.5a.1.

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In this paper, a new methodology for controlling the Q-point in the distributed feedback (DFB) lasers is proposed. The method based on reducing the DFB transient period (TP) by optimizing laser’s model parameters numerically. The analysis has taken into account investigated the effects of the laser injection current (Iinj), the dc-bias level (Ibias), the temperature (T) variation, and the gain compression factor (ε). Results showed that by optimizing the value of Iinj, Ibias, T and ε; the Q-point could be controlled effectively. Where increasing the current ratio (i.e., Iinj/Ith) leads to reduce the TP value. In addition, by increasing Iinj and/or Ibias, the relaxation oscillation period (TRO) and the laser delay time (TDelay) are reduced significantly. From the other hand, the temperature varying may push the DFB laser to operate in an improper region through increasing the TP value; which may lead it to operate in the off-mode. Moreover, as ε is increased, the sinusoidal oscillations are dramatically damped results in a reduction in the TRO value and larger period of stabilized.

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14

Hofstetter, Daniel, Robert L. Thornton, Linda T. Romano, David P. Bour, Michael Kneissl, Rose M. Donaldson, and Clarence Dunnrowicz. "Characterization of InGaN/GaN-Based Multi-Quantum Well Distributed Feedback Lasers." MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research 4, S1 (1999): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s1092578300002258.

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We present a device fabrication technology and measurement results of both optically pumped and electrically injected InGaN/GaN-based distributed feedback (DFB) lasers operated at room temperature. For the optically pumped DFB laser, we demonstrate a complex coupling scheme for the first time, whereas the electrically injected device is based on normal index coupling. Threshold currents as low as 1.1 A were observed in 500 μm long and 10 μm wide devices. The 3rd order grating providing feedback was defined holographically and dry-etched into the upper waveguiding layer by chemically-assisted ion beam etching. Even when operating these lasers considerably above threshold, a spectrally narrow emission (3.5 Å) at wavelengths around 400 nm was seen.

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15

Guo, Jian, Jia Sheng Ni, Hai Feng Qi, Zhi Qiang Song, and Gang Ding Peng. "Measurement of Acoustic Noise Induced Linewidth Broadening of Unpackaged Distributed Feedback Fiber Laser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 475-476 (December 2013): 838–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.475-476.838.

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The acoustic noise induced linewidth broadening phenomenon of distributed feedback fiber laser (DFB FL) is experimentally studied in this paper. Using the delayed self-homodyne method, we performed linewidth measurements on one unpackaged short cavity asymmetrical DFB FLs under increasing acoustic noise influence. The experiment results show the linewidth of tested laser increased from 5.8 KHz at 50 dB sound level to 32.5KHz at 80 dB sound level. This proves acoustic noise can drastically change the linewidth performance of unpackaged DFB FL. In addition, we performed another experiment on the same DFB FL to measure its linewidth with increasing tensile loads at fiber ends; the result shows a linewidth increase from 5.8 KHz at 0g tensile force to 51.2 KHz at 50g tensile force.

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16

Wang, Qichao, Jian Wang, Changzheng Sun, Bing Xiong, Yi Luo, Zhibiao Hao, Yanjun Han, Lai Wang, Hongtao Li, and Jiadong Yu. "A Directly Modulated Laterally Coupled Distributed Feedback Laser Array Based on SiO2 Planarization Process." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010221.

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Low-cost and high-speed single-mode semiconductor lasers are increasingly required as wide-band access fiber communication expands in recent years. Here, a high-speed laterally coupled distributed feedback (LC-DFB) laser array is achieved based on a SiO2 planarization process. The device exhibits low threshold currents of about 12 mA and high slope efficiencies over 0.26 W/A. Stable single mode operation and high-speed performance are realized with side mode suppression ratios (SMSR) over 45 dB, and 3-dBe bandwidths exceed 14 GHz for all four channels. Such a high-speed and process simple LC-DFB laser array shows great potential to the low-cost fiber communication networks.

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17

PRALGAUSKAITE, S., V. PALENSKIS, and J. MATUKAS. "FLUCTUATIONS OF OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PARAMETERS OF DISTRIBUTED FEEDBACK LASERS AND THEIR RELIABILITY." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 04, no. 02 (June 2004): L365—L374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477504001999.

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Comprehensive experimental optical and electrical noises and their mutual correlation factor characteristic investigations of distributed feedback (DFB) InGaAsP / InP multiple-quantum well laser diodes (LDs) are presented. At the lasing operation, both optical and electrical noises of DFB LDs are 1/f type and are caused by the defects. Worse operation characteristics and short lifetime of some LDs are caused by the presence of defects in the interfaces with the active region. These defects increase leakage that leads to the larger LD threshold; and, during the ageing, they migrate, form clusters and deteriorate the laser characteristics. Noise characteristics (especially the correlation factor between optical and electrical fluctuations at the threshold) have been found to be suitable for semiconductor lasers quality and reliability prediction.

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18

Seifouri, M., F. Shahshahani, and A. Faraji. "Numerical Analysis of SHB Effects in Laterally-Coupled Distributed Feedback (LC-DFB) Lasers." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 2, no. 5 (October 6, 2012): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.196.

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In this paper the stability of Laterally-Coupled Distributed Feedback (LC-DFB) Lasers against the Spatial Hole Burning (SHB) effect is analyzed theoretically. The stability of the laser structure is evaluated using the flatness parameter F. It is shown that the LC-DFB lasers are stable in a wide range of different values of ridge width and amplitude grating. The stability is sustained with increasing injection current. The results show that the flatness parameter is minimal for certain values of the amplitude grating. The numerical calculations have been done by coupled wave and carrier rate equations on the basis of the transfer matrix method (TMM)

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Zhang, Jian, Cunxiao Gao, Mingyuan Xue, and Ruisheng Liu. "Research on frequency modulation character of the current driven DFB semiconductor laser." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 01 (January 10, 2019): 1850422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918504225.

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This paper presents a study on the issue of current-driven distributed feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasers (LD) experiencing nonlinear laser frequency variation in the course of linear frequency modulation. A theoretical model of the linear frequency modulation process of DFB semiconductor lasers is established. On this basis, the relationship between injection current and laser frequency is analyzed and a correction method has been put forward, to improve the linearity of the laser frequency variation. It was eventually verified that the proposed correction method can greatly improve the linearity of the linear frequency modulation (LFM) output laser signal.

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20

Mohammad, S. N. "Sampled grating distributed feedback (SG DFB) semiconductor laser diode." Optics & Laser Technology 39, no. 4 (June 2007): 754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2006.03.002.

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21

Ruan, Chunkao, Yongyi Chen, Li Qin, Peng Jia, Yugang Zeng, Yue Song, Yuxin Lei, Zhijun Zhang, Nan Zhang, and Zaijin Li. "Purely Gain-Coupled Distributed-Feedback Bragg Semiconductor Laser Diode Emitting at 770 nm." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041531.

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The transition lines of Mg, K, Fe, Ni, and other atoms lie near 770 nm, therefore, this spectral region is important for helioseismology, solar atmospheric studies, the pumping of atomic clocks, and laser gyroscopes. However, there is little research on distributed-feedback (DFB) semiconductor lasing at 770 nm. In addition, the traditional DFB semiconductor laser requires secondary epitaxy or precision grating preparation technologies. In this study, we demonstrate an easily manufactured, gain-coupled DFB semiconductor laser emitting at 770 nm. Only micrometer scale periodic current injection windows were used, instead of nanoscale grating fabrication or secondary epitaxy. The periodically injected current assures the device maintains single longitudinal mode working in the unetched Fabry–Perot cavity under gain coupled mechanism. The maximum continuous-wave output power reached was 116.3 mW at 20 °C, the maximum side-mode-suppression ratio (SMSR) was 33.25 dB, and the 3 dB linewidth was 1.78 pm.

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Guo, Hai-Xia, Zai-Jin Li, Hui Li, Feng Gao, Hai-Bin Tang, Bao-Hua Shi, and Yi Qu. "The Wavelength-Locking of High-Power 808 nm Semiconductor Laser." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/450324.

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A distributed feedback (DFB) laser of 808 nm is produced in this paper whose optical power is 2 W, cavity length is 3 mm, and injecting width is 200 μm. A second-order grating formed into an InGaP/GaAs/InGaP multilayer structure provides the optical distributed feedback. The holographic lithography method is adopted to make Bragg gratings in p-waveguide layer (Λ = 240 nm) of the GaAs epitaxial wafers. The best experimental conditions are determined by analyzing the surface morphology and three-dimensional holographic grating. In addition, the output power data and wavelength of the distributed feedback laser emitting at different temperatures are presented. And the wavelength varies with temperature at a rate of 0.062 nm/K. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that this kind of DFB laser has a better temperature stabilized wavelength and narrower line width.

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23

Choi, Kyoo Nam. "Distributed Intrusion Sensor Using DFB Laser with Optical Feedback and Saturable Absorber." Journal of Sensors 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4848254.

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Characteristics of a distributed intrusion sensor using a coherent DFB laser diode with an external optical feedback and saturable absorber were experimentally investigated. The stimulus at a location of 2 km using a PZT transducer placed the location of a simulated intruder in Φ-OTDR trace after averaging 32 times. Field trials demonstrated the detection of a vehicle and a pedestrian crossing above the sensing line and a loop in a burial depth of 50 cm. This distributed intrusion sensor using a coherent DFB laser diode as the light source had the advantages of a simple structure and intruder detection capability at the underground burial location.

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Janaszek, Bartosz, and Paweł Szczepański. "Distributed Feedback Laser Based on Tunable Photonic Hypercrystal." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154065.

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In this work, we investigate the generation of light in a distributed feedback (DFB) laser composed of periodically arranged layers of hyperbolic medium and active material forming a 1D photonic hypercrystal (PHC). The scope of our study covers the analysis of laser action in the presence of different types of dispersion that are achievable in a hyperbolic medium. Using the example of a PHC structure consisting of graphene-based hyperbolic medium, we demonstrate the possibility of controlling laser action by tuning effective dispersion. Our analysis reveals the possibility of obtaining a single-frequency generation with high side-mode suppression and controllable wavelength of operation. Moreover, we present a new mechanism for the modulation of laser amplitude arising from voltage-controllable dispersion of hyperbolic medium.

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Liu, Xin, Stephan Prinz, Heino Besser, Wilhelm Pfleging, Markus Wissmann, Christoph Vannahme, Markus Guttmann, et al. "Organic semiconductor distributed feedback laser pixels for lab-on-a-chip applications fabricated by laser-assisted replication." Faraday Discuss. 174 (2014): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00077c.

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The integration of organic semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) laser sources into all-polymer chips is promising for biomedical or chemical analysis. However, the fabrication of DFB corrugations is often expensive and time-consuming. Here, we apply the method of laser-assisted replication using a near-infrared diode laser beam to efficiently fabricate inexpensive poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) chips with spatially localized organic DFB laser pixels. This time-saving fabrication process enables a pre-defined positioning of nanoscale corrugations on the chip and a simultaneous generation of nanoscale gratings for organic edge-emitting laser pixels next to microscale waveguide structures. A single chip of size 30 mm × 30 mm can be processed within 5 min. Laser-assisted replication allows for the subsequent addition of further nanostructures without a negative impact on the existing photonic components. The minimum replication area can be defined as being as small as the diode laser beam focus spot size. To complete the fabrication process, we encapsulate the chip in PMMA using laser transmission welding.

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Zhang, Jin Tao, You Long Yu, Yun Long Zhang, Kun Li, and Xiang Chun Xi. "High Precision Fiber DFB Laser Micro-Accelerometer." Advanced Materials Research 852 (January 2014): 296–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.852.296.

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A distributed feedback (DFB)-laser-based micro-accelerometer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The results show that it is characteristic of higher precision than the piezoelectric vibrator. A minimum signal of 9.11×10-4g at 130Hz is acquired.

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Karami Keshmarzi, Elham, R. Niall Tait, and Pierre Berini. "Single-mode surface plasmon distributed feedback lasers." Nanoscale 10, no. 13 (2018): 5914–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr09183d.

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Chong, Lip Fah, Jing Hua Teng, Ee Leong Lim, Norman Soo Seng Ang, J. R. Dong, and Soo Jin Chua. "DFB Lasers with Tilted Waveguide for Multi-Wavelength Generation." Advanced Materials Research 31 (November 2007): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.31.36.

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In this paper, we present the theoretical investigation of index-coupled distributed feedback (DFB) laser with tilted single mode ridge waveguides. By tilting part of the ridge waveguide in various degrees, DFB laser with manifold effective grating periods can be realized. The structure is analyzed using couple mode theory in matrix form based on threshold analysis. Important parameters of DFB laser like resonant frequency and threshold gains are obtained by solving the eigen-equation. The results indicate not only that the lasing frequency is modulated by the waveguide titling angle, but also large Gain Margin (GM) can be achieved at the threshold condition which enhance the stable single mode operation in index-coupled DFB laser.

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Zhao, Xuan Ke. "Distributed Feedback Gratings Based on Photo-Polymerization for Organic Solid-State Lasers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 1452–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.1452.

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A novel preparation method of polymer DFB gratings has developed based on photo-polymerization for organic solid-state lasers. A photopolymer formulation sensitive to ultraviolet light is proposed for fabrication of polymer DFB gratings by spin-coating process. A very low surface relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive index modulation of about 0.012. The experiment results indicate that the polymer DFB gratings are believed to have promising potentials in the fabrication of low-order DFB organic solid-state lasers.

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Liu, Lijuan, Xiaobo Kong, Qidong Wang, Yonggang Liu, and Li Xuan. "High pump efficiency of a second-order distributed feedback laser based on holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals with preferred liquid crystal molecular orientation." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 35 (2018): 9517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc03412e.

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We report on the fabrication and characterization of a surface-emitting distributed feedback (DFB) organic semiconductor laser based on a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) transmission grating.

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31

Sanchez-deAlcazar, Daniel, David Romera, Jose Castro-Smirnov, Ahmad Sousaraei, Santiago Casado, Anna Espasa, María C. Morant-Miñana, et al. "Engineered protein-based functional nanopatterned materials for bio-optical devices." Nanoscale Advances 1, no. 10 (2019): 3980–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9na00289h.

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A simple approach for the fabrication of functional nanopatterned protein materials using protein engineering and soft-nanolithography and its implementation in optical devices based on distributed feedback (DFB) laser phenomena.

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32

Zhai, Tianrui, Xiaofeng Wu, Songtao Li, Shuyan Liang, Lianze Niu, Meng Wang, Shengfei Feng, Hongmei Liu, and Xinping Zhang. "Polymer Lasing in a Periodic-Random Compound Cavity." Polymers 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111194.

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Simultaneous distributed feedback (DFB) lasing and linear polarized random lasing are observed in a compound cavity, which consists of a grating cavity and a random cavity. The grating cavity is fabricated by interference lithography. A light-emitting polymer doped with silver nanoparticles is spin-coated on the grating, forming a random cavity. DFB lasing and random lasing occur when the periodic-random compound cavity is optically pumped. The directionality and polarization of the random laser are modified by the grating structure. These results can potentially be used to design integrated laser sources.

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33

Santos, Jorge, Almeida, and Coelho. "A Simple Spectral Interrogation System for Optical Fiber Sensors." Proceedings 15, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019015006.

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Optical fiber sensors (OFS) based on long-period fiber gratings (LPFG) or on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) represent attractive solutions for detection systems in remote areas. An interrogation system consisting on wavelength modulation of fiber coupled distributed feedback (DFB) lasers was implemented and tested. The system uses a single photodetector to individually acquire the intensity of each DFB laser modulated by the OFS and the real transmission spectrum is reconstructed through curve fitting. Testing was accomplished by measuring the spectral features of an LPFG when changing the surrounding refractive index and errors lower than 1.8 nm in the 1530 to 1570 nm wavelength region were obtained.

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34

Jiang, Yiming, Tie Zhang, Gaoxuan Wang, and Sailing He. "A Dual-Gas Sensor Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Based on a Single Acoustic Resonator." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (June 4, 2021): 5224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11115224.

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A dual-gas photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) sensor based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) was developed and experimentally demonstrated. Distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes, emitting at 1512 and 1653 nm, were utilized as the excitation sources for the simultaneous measurement of NH3 and CH4, respectively. The PAS signal was excited by modulating the DFB laser at the first longitudinal resonant frequency of a cylindrical acoustic resonator. Absorption lines for NH3 and CH4 were simultaneously recorded during one frequency scan of the DFB lasers without using any optical switch. The interference of NH3 and CH4 on each other was investigated for accurate detection. The limits of detection (LoDs) of the PAS sensor for NH3 and CH4 for an integration time of 100 s were determined to be 0.1 and 0.3 ppm, respectively. The present PAS sensor provides a new scheme for multi-gas analysis with the advantages of cost-effectiveness, a simple structure and multi-wavelength operation.

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35

Hayashi, T., K. Sato, and S. Sekine. "Thermal interaction in a distributed-feedback laser diode (DFB LD) array module." Journal of Lightwave Technology 11, no. 3 (March 1993): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.219578.

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36

Liu, Xin, Panagiotis Stefanou, Bohui Wang, Thomas Woggon, Timo Mappes, and Uli Lemmer. "Organic semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) laser as excitation source in Raman spectroscopy." Optics Express 21, no. 23 (November 15, 2013): 28941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.028941.

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37

Martin, R. D., R. G. Hunsperger, P. F. Chapman, S. Forouhar, R. J. Lang, R. Tiberio, and S. Keo. "InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs laterally-coupled distributed feedback (LC-DFB) ridge laser diode." Electronics Letters 30, no. 13 (June 23, 1994): 1058–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940686.

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38

Zuo, Qiang, Jian-Yi Zhao, Xin Chen, Zhi-Hao Wang, Tang-You Sun, Ning Zhou, Yan-Li Zhao, Zhi-Mou Xu, and Wen Liu. "A Multiple Phase-Shifted Distributed Feedback (DFB) Laser Fabricated by Nanoimprint Lithography." Chinese Physics Letters 30, no. 5 (May 2013): 054205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/30/5/054205.

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39

Kassa, Wosen-Eshetu, Anne-Laure Billabert, Salim Faci, and Catherine Algani. "Simulation of heterodyne RoF systems based on 2 DFB lasers: application to an optical phase-locked loop design." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 6, no. 2 (February 19, 2014): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078714000117.

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This paper presents a simulation approach of optical heterodyne systems by using the equivalent circuit representation of a distributed feedback laser (DFB) in the electrical domain. Since the electrical representation of the DFB laser is developed from the rate equations, its characteristics such as non-linearity, relative intensity noise (RIN), and phase noise can be predicted precisely for various biasing conditions. The model is integrated in a heterodyne radio over fiber (RoF) system where two DFB lasers are used to generate a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal. An optical phase-locked loop is also introduced to reduce the phase noise on the mm-wave signal. The optical phase noise contribution of individual lasers to the mm-wave signal is evaluated and compared with theoretical results. It is shown that the phase noise of the mm-wave is reduced considerably depending on the loop bandwidth and propagation delay. With the circuit simulation approach proposed, optical and mm-wave phase noises can be studied together with other circuit environments such as parasitic effects and driver circuits.

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40

NAKAI, Naoya, and Makoto FUKUDA. "Distributed-Feedback Solid-State Dye Laser in Visible Wavelength Region." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 66, no. 1 (2009): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.66.17.

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41

Huang, Jun Bin, Yu Li, Hong Can Gu, and Bo Tan. "Research of the Ultra-Thin Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone." Key Engineering Materials 500 (January 2012): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.500.682.

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In this paper, the basic theories and characteristics of distributed Bragg reflection (DBR) fiber laser and distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser as hydrophone were described and analyzed; The interferometric demodulation technique of the underwater acoustic signals from fiber Bragg grating (FBG) hydrophone was discussed; And the theoretical experimental conclusions of the ultra-thin fiber Bragg grating hydrophone were introduced; Finally, the application in the torpedo homing field of the research on the ultra-thin fiber Bragg grating hydrophone were prospected.

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42

Brac de la Perrière, Vincent, Quentin Gaimard, Henri Benisty, Abderrahim Ramdane, and Anatole Lupu. "Electrically injected parity-time symmetric distributed feedback laser diodes (DFB) for telecom applications." Nanophotonics 10, no. 4 (January 1, 2021): 1309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0587.

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Abstract The new paradigm of parity-time symmetry in quantum mechanics has readily been applied in the field of optics with numerous demonstrations of exotic properties in photonic systems. In this work, we report on the implementation of single frequency electrically injected distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes based on parity-time symmetric dual gratings in a standard ridge waveguide configuration. We demonstrate enhanced modal discrimination for these devices as compared with index or gain coupled ones, fabricated in the same technology run. Optical transmission probing experiments further show asymmetric amplification in the light propagation confirming the parity-time symmetry signature of unidirectional light behavior. Another asset of these complex coupled devices is further highlighted in terms of robustness to optical feedback.

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43

Muñoz-Mármol, Rafael, Víctor Bonal, Giuseppe M. Paternò, Aaron M. Ross, Pedro G. Boj, José M. Villalvilla, José A. Quintana, et al. "Dual Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Lasing from Nanographene Films." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081525.

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Chemically synthesized zigzag-edged nanographenes (NG) have recently demonstrated great success as the active laser units in solution-processed organic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Here, we report the first observation of dual amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from a large-size NG derivative (with 12 benzenoid rings) dispersed in a polystyrene film. ASE is observed simultaneously at the 685 and 739 nm wavelengths, which correspond to different transitions of the photoluminescence spectrum. Ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy has been used to ascertain the underlying photophysical processes taking place in the films. DFB lasers, based on these materials and top-layer nanostructured polymeric resonators (i.e., one or two-dimensional surface relief gratings), have been fabricated and characterized. Lasers emitting close to either one of the two possible ASE wavelengths, or simultaneously at both of them, have been prepared by proper selection of the resonator parameters.

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Cheng, Gang, Yuan Cao, Kun Liu, Gongdong Zhu, Guishi Wang, and Xiaoming Gao. "Photoacoustic Measurement of Ethane with Near-Infrared DFB Diode Laser." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9765806.

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A compact resonant photoacoustic sensor based on a near-infrared distributed-feedback (DFB) diode laser was developed for detection of ethane (C2H6). A DFB laser emission at 5937.25 cm−1 with a power of ∼5 mW was used as an excitation light source for generating the photoacoustic signal. Wavelength modulation and second harmonic detection scheme were employed. Modulation frequency and modulation amplitude were optimized for getting optimum performance. Performance evaluation based on the linearity response of the PAS sensor system with respect to C2H6 concentration levels was performed, and a good linear dependence of the PAS signal on the C2H6 concentration was obtained. A minimum detectable concentration of 9 ppmv was achieved for detection of C2H6 with a lock-in time constant of 10 ms.

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45

Scotognella, F., A. Monguzzi, M. Cucini, F. Meinardi, D. Comoretto, and R. Tubino. "One Dimensional Polymeric Organic Photonic Crystals for DFB Lasers." International Journal of Photoenergy 2008 (2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/389034.

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We present a very simple method to realize a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1D PC), consisting of a dye-doped polymeric multilayer. Due to the high photonic density of states at the edges of the photonic band-gap (PBG), a surface emitting distributed feedback (DFB) laser is obtained with this structure. Furthermore, the incidence angle dependence of the PBG of the polymeric multilayer is reported.

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46

Nguyen, Thanh-Phuong, Hans Wenzel, Olaf Brox, Frank Bugge, Peter Ressel, Max Schiemangk, Andreas Wicht, Tran Quoc Tien, and Günther Tränkle. "Spectral Linewidth vs. Front Facet Reflectivity of 780 nm DFB Diode Lasers at High Optical Output Power." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 9, 2018): 1104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071104.

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The influence of the front facet reflectivity on the spectral linewidth of high power DFB (distributed feedback) diode lasers emitting at 780 nm has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Characterization of lasers at various front facet reflections showed substantial reduction of the linewidth. This behavior is in reasonable agreement with simulation results. A minimum linewidth of 8 kHz was achieved at an output power of 85 mW with the laser featuring a front facet reflectivity of 30%. The device with a front facet reflectivity of 5% reached the same linewidth value at an output power of 290 mW.

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47

Wang, Xia, Dai Di Hu, and Xiao Li Wang. "Application of Optical Fiber Laser Sensing Technology in Signal Detection." Advanced Materials Research 1078 (December 2014): 246–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1078.246.

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Signal of ultra high sensitive detection has important application value in the fields of electrical engineering. In recent years there has been a distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser is a new generation of optical fiber sensing elements of the sensor. It has small size, spectral line width output laser signal is very narrow and low noise advantages, the detection sensitivity can reach high combined with high resolution wavelength demodulation technology. This paper introduces the fiber laser sensor technology and its progress in research and application of technology of detecting signal.

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48

Kinoshita, J., and K. Matsumoto. "Transient chirping in distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers: effect of spatial hole-burning along the laser axis." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 24, no. 11 (1988): 2160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3.8559.

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49

Anh, Nguyen The, Pham Thanh Son, Nguyen Thuy Van, Hoang Thi Hong Cam, Ngo Quang Minh, Bui Huy, and Pham Van Hoi. "Determination of Wavelength Shift of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors by Tunable Single-mode Diode Laser." Communications in Physics 23, no. 1 (April 15, 2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/23/1/2613.

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We propose a novel principle of determination of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) wavelength shift which is impacted by a variation of physical parameters such as temperature, pressure and/or strain. In common case the wavelength shift of FBG was monitored by wavelength measurement using a high-cost spectrometer and a broad band light source. In our proposed technique the wavelength shift of FBG can be determined by change of lasing wavelength of distributed feedback laser (DFB-laser) due to the change of laser substrate temperature. The maximal opto-electrical intensity of photodetector would be obtained when the laser wavelength and FBG reflection wavelength are coincided. The FBG sensor prototype has shown excellent response for laser temperature change in the range of \(10^{\circ}C-50^{\circ}C\) with the ratio \(\Delta \lambda /\Delta T\) of the DFB laser is of 77.5 pm.K\(^{ - 1}\). Key features of the proposed technique are fabrication of low-cost FBG sensors for civil engineering.

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50

Zhang, Shuai, Junhua Tong, Chao Chen, Fengzhao Cao, Chengbin Liang, Yanrong Song, Tianrui Zhai, and Xinping Zhang. "Controlling the Performance of Polymer Lasers via the Cavity Coupling." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050764.

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The polarization and threshold of distributed feedback (DFB) polymer lasers were controlled by adjusting the cavity coupling. The cavity of DFB polymer lasers consisted of two gratings, which was fabricated by a two-beam multi-exposure holographic technique. The coupling strength of the cavity modes was tuned by changing the angle between the two gratings. The threshold of the polymer lasers decreased with reducing the coupling strength of the cavity modes. A minimum threshold was observed at the lowest coupling strength. Moreover, the azimuthally polarized output of the polymer lasers was modified by changing the cavity coupling. These results may provide additional perspectives to improve the performance of DFB polymer lasers.

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