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Journal articles on the topic 'Distributed PLL-based frequency control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zare, Ahmad, Mazda Moattari, and Rui Melicio. "Distributed Generation Control Using Modified PLL Based on Proportional-Resonant Controller." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (2020): 8891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248891.

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Due to the increasing necessity for electrical demand, the microgrids (MGs) based on distributed generations (DGs) within power electronic interfaces are being extended to improve the traditional network control. One of the common ways to achieve power sharing among the resources on an islanding MG is to use the droop control approach, performing based on proportional-integrator (PI) controllers. However, due to the effect of feeder impedance, obtaining the reactive power sharing using this method is not accurate and leads to overload in some DGs, resulting in the output terminal voltage of ea

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2

Sanni, Timilehin F., Ayokunle A. Awelewa, Anthony U. Adoghe, Adeola Balogun, and Tobi Somefun. "New droop-based control of parallel voltage source inverters in isolated microgrid." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 14, no. 5 (2024): 4856. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v14i5.pp4856-4868.

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Microgrids, featuring distributed generators like solar energy and hybrid energy storage systems, represent a significant step in addressing challenges related to the greenhouse effect and outdated transmission infrastructures. The operation and control of islanded microgrids, particularly in terms of grid voltage and frequency, rely on the synchronization of multiple parallel inverters connected to the distributed generators. However, to determine the necessary grid parameters for effective control, the presence of circulating currents from unbalanced grid voltages arises as a challenge. This

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3

Kadem, Mohamed, Abdelhafid Semmah, Patrice Wira, and Abdelkader Slimane. "Artificial Neural Network Active Power Filter with Immunity in Distributed Generation." Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering 64, no. 2 (2020): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppme.12775.

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With an electrical grid shifting toward Distributed Generation (DG), the emerging use of renewable energy resources is continuously creating challenges to maintain an acceptable electrical power quality thought-out the grid; Therefore, in an energy market where loads are becoming more and more sensitive in a distributed generation filled with polluting nonlinear loads, power quality improvement devices such Active Power Filters (APFs) have to evolve to meet the new standards, since theirs conventional control strategies can't properly operate when multiple power quality problems happens at onc

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4

Tsyrulnikova, L. A., B. P. Sudeev, and A. R. Safin. "Wave Analogs of Media Based on Phase Locked Loops." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 3 (2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-3-32-40.

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Introduction. At present, phase locked loops (PLLs) are widely used: from optimal signal detection and frequency synthesis to automatic control of phase distribution in phased scanned arrays. One of the simplest structures is a multi-stage (chain) PLL, which may contain a specially selected multi-connected control circuit. Such cascaded PLLs have wide application in solving a number of tasks of the theory of optimal estimates, multi-position phase telegraphy, in synchronizing of many tunable generators while preserving specified phase relations between their oscillations, etc. PLLs are activel

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Tripathy, Poonam, Banishree Misra, and Byamakesh Nayak. "Phase-locked loop based synchronization schemes for three-phase unbalanced and distorted grid: a review." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 13, no. 4 (2024): 934. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i4.pp934-943.

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The rapidly growing dispersion of distributed generation systems into the utility grid needs appropriate control techniques to stay interconnected even under abnormal and distorted grid conditions to ensure the overall grid stability. To avoid the loss of renewable energy sources (RES) based power generation, the disintegration of RES with respect to synchronization issues must be prohibited for efficient operation. RES control highly relies on the synchronization technique as it is faster and accurate enough to detect the utility grid variables in terms of amplitude, phase, and frequency. Mos

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6

Tripathy, Poonam, Banishree Misra, and Byamakesh Nayak. "Phase-locked loop based synchronization schemes for three-phase unbalanced and distorted grid: a review." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 13, no. 4 (2025): 934–43. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v13.i4.pp934-943.

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The rapidly growing dispersion of distributed generation systems into the utility grid needs appropriate control techniques to stay interconnected even under abnormal and distorted grid conditions to ensure the overall grid stability. To avoid the loss of renewable energy sources (RES) based power generation, the disintegration of RES with respect to synchronization issues must be prohibited for efficient operation. RES control highly relies on the synchronization technique as it is faster and accurate enough to detect the utility grid variables in terms of amplitude, phase, and frequency. Mos

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7

Yu, Byunggyu. "An Improved Frequency Measurement Method from the Digital PLL Structure for Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV Applications." Electronics 7, no. 8 (2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7080150.

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The Phase Locked Loop (PLL) technique has been studied to obtain the phase and frequency information in grid-connected distributed generations for the sake of synchronizing the grid voltage and the inverter output current. In particular, the line frequency information, such as the anti-islanding function, is very important for the grid connection requirement. This paper presents a novel frequency measurement method from the digital PLL control structure for single-phase grid-connected PV applications. The conventional PLL controller uses the phase information to calculate the frequency of PV i

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8

Ali, Zunaib, Nicholas Christofides, Lenos Hadjidemetriou та Elias Kyriakides. "A New MAF based αβEPMAFPLL for Grid Connected RES with Improved Performance under Grid Faults". Electric Power Systems Research 154 (16 лютого 2018): 130–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1173900.

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<strong>Diversifying the role of renewable energy sources (RES) and in particular, the role of the grid side converter (GSC) has gained a lot of attention recently. This is a result of the need for more advanced built-in control systems that facilitate support of the grid during abnormal conditions. Distributed renewable generation can provide auxiliary support if GSC controllers are suitably developed and designed. To this end, the control of GSC relies significantly on the fast and accurate extraction of grid voltage phase angle. In addition, the control system must respond fast, be accurate

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9

Alturki, Mansoor, Rabeh Abbassi, Abdullah Albaker, and Houssem Jerbi. "A New Hybrid Synchronization PLL Scheme for Interconnecting Renewable Energy Sources to an Abnormal Electric Grid." Mathematics 10, no. 7 (2022): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10071101.

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Today, and especially with the growing interest in distributed renewable energy sources (DRESs), modern electric power systems are becoming more and more complex. In order to increase DRES penetration, grid side converter (GSC) control techniques require appropriate synchronization algorithms that are able to detect the grid voltage status as fast and accurately as possible. The drawbacks of the published synchronization phase-locked loop (PLL) techniques were structured mainly around the slow dynamic responses, the inaccuracy of extracting the fundamental components of the grid voltages when

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10

Babu, V. Vignesh, J. Preetha Roselyn, and Prabha Sundaravadivel. "Coordination of SRF-PLL and Grid Forming Inverter Control in Microgrid with Solar PV and Energy Storage." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 14, no. 2 (2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea14020029.

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Recently, there has been a huge advancement in renewable energy integration in power systems. Power converters with grid-forming or grid-following topologies are typically employed to link these decentralized power sources to the grid. However, because distributed generation has less inertia than synchronous generators, their use of renewable energy sources threatens the electrical grid’s reliability. Suitable control approaches for ensuring frequency and voltage stability in the grid-connected form of operation are established in this study, which offers dynamic, seamless power switching in t

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11

Gurski, Erico, Roman Kuiava, Filipe Perez, Raphael A. S. Benedito, and Gilney Damm. "A Novel VSG with Adaptive Virtual Inertia and Adaptive Damping Coefficient to Improve Transient Frequency Response of Microgrids." Energies 17, no. 17 (2024): 4370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17174370.

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This paper proposes a combined adaptive virtual Inertia and adaptive damping control of a virtual synchronous generator (AID-VSG) to improve the dynamic frequency response of microgrids. In the proposed control scheme, the VSG’s virtual inertia and damping coefficients adapt themselves during the transients to, respectively, reduce frequency deviations and increase the oscillations’ damping. In addition, as an important feature, the proposed AID-VSG is suitable for distributed control scheme applications and is designed to not rely on phase-locked loop (PLL) measurements, which avoids PLL stab

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12

Xu, Tao. "Application and Research of Voltage-Controlled Oscillator in Phase-Locked Loop." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 106 (July 16, 2024): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/70mg4863.

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The first PLL chip in history was created by some researchers in the middle of the 1960s. PLL has significant uses in numerous industries, including communication and aerospace, because to its clear benefits. It can accomplish a wide range of tasks at a reasonable cost. This paper delves into the application and study of Voltage-Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) within Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs), crucial components in modern communication technology. Various VCO design techniques, including Colpitts, Clapp, ring oscillator, and CMOS VCOs, are analyzed with a focus on performance metrics such as pha

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13

El-Sharawy, Karim M., Hatem Y. Diab, Mahmoud O. Abdelsalam, and Mostafa I. Marei. "A Unified Control Strategy of Distributed Generation for Grid-Connected and Islanded Operation Conditions Using an Artificial Neural Network." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116388.

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This article presents a control strategy that enables both islanded and grid-tied operations of a three-phase inverter in distributed generation. This distributed generation (DG) is based on a dramatically evolved direct current (DC) source. A unified control strategy is introduced to operate the interface in either the isolated or grid-connected modes. The proposed control system is based on the instantaneous tracking of the active power flow in order to achieve current control in the grid-connected mode and retain the stability of the frequency using phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits at the p

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14

Wang, Can, Can Deng, and Guiyuan Li. "Control Strategy of Interlinking Converter in Hybrid Microgrid Based on Line Impedance Estimation." Energies 15, no. 5 (2022): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051664.

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Due to the voltage drop of the line impedance, power-transfer deviation occurs in the interlinking converter (IC) of hybrid microgrids. In this paper, an IC control strategy in hybrid microgrids is proposed, which can estimate the line resistance precisely. Moreover, the proposed method can easily realize accurate power transmission between sub-grids and maintain the power balance of hybrid microgrid. Firstly, one specified small signal is injected into the IC at the AC bus of the distributed generation so as to estimate the line impedance. The frequency of the injected small signal is highly

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15

Aisyah Mohd Yusof, Nur, and Zaipatimah Ali. "Review of Active Synchronization for Renewable Powered Microgrid." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 1.7 (2019): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i1.7.25950.

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Microgrid can operate in dual mode; grid-connected and islanded mode. In order to seamless transfer from islanded microgrid to grid connected mode, it is necessary to voltage, frequency and phase of microgrid to synchronize with main grid to prevent severe consequence. However, microgrid has to be controlled in a coordinated way to achieve a synchronization. This paper present a review on the existing active synchronization approach with their control strategies. There are three approach for grid-connected synchronization; active synchronization, passive synchronization and open transition tra

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16

Antalem, Diress Tilahun, Muneer V, and Avik Bhattacharya. "Decentralized control of islanding/grid-connected hybrid DC/AC microgrid using interlinking converters." Science and Technology for Energy Transition 77 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/stet/2022019.

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This paper presents decentralized control of an islanding/grid-connected DC/AC hybrid microgrid (μG) using battery energy storage system (BESS) and distributed energy resource (DER). In DC/AC μG unified with different DERs and BESS, the intermittent output nature of DERs due to fluctuating input characteristics and strong interaction of sources, loads, and primary grid, causes variations in frequency and bus voltage. To solve these issues, the paper proposes a decentralized control method which incorporates active/reactive power (P/Q) control, DC virtual droop control, voltage control, frequen

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17

Zhang, Guanfeng, Junyou Yang, Haixin Wang, and Jia Cui. "Presynchronous Grid-Connection Strategy of Virtual Synchronous Generator Based on Virtual Impedance." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (November 9, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3690564.

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The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology of inverter is widely used to provide the inertia and damping support for power system. However, an additional measurement device PLL (phase-locked loop) is required in the virtual synchronous generator grid connection to track the voltage phase, amplitude, and frequency, which restricts the flexible output of the distributed power generation system. To tackle this challenge, a method for grid-connected control of virtual synchronous generator based on virtual impedance is proposed. It is assumed that there is a virtual power exchange between

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18

Honarvar Nazari, Masoud, Zak Costello, Mohammad Javad Feizollahi, Santiago Grijalva, and Magnus Egerstedt. "Distributed Frequency Control of Prosumer-Based Electric Energy Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 29, no. 6 (2014): 2934–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2014.2310176.

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19

Khan, Mohammed Ali, Ahteshamul Haque, Frede Blaabjerg, Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru, and Huai Wang. "Intelligent Transition Control between Grid-Connected and Standalone Modes of Three-Phase Grid-Integrated Distributed Generation Systems." Energies 14, no. 13 (2021): 3979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133979.

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This paper proposes an intelligent seamless transition controller for smooth transition between grid-connected (GC) and standalone modes of distributed generation (DG) units in the grid. The development of this seamless controller contributes to two main processes in the transition modes: the synchronization process and an islanding process. For the synchronization process, the stationary reference frame phase-locked loop (SRF-PLL) associated with the voltage source inverter (VSI) is modified using the frequency, voltage deviation, and phase angle information. Furthermore, the islanding proces

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20

Jasim, Ali M., Basil H. Jasim, Flah Aymen, Hossam Kotb, and Ahmed Althobaiti. "Consensus-Based Intelligent Distributed Secondary Control for Multiagent Islanded Microgrid." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (February 15, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6812351.

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Isolated microgrids (MGs) face challenges in performance stability and active/reactive power sharing as a result of frequency/voltage deviations and mismatched line impedance issues. In this paper, a consensus-based multiagent system (MAS) is proposed as a solution to restore voltage/frequency deviations and enable true power sharing. The invention of an Intelligent Distributed Secondary Control Scheme (IDSCS) can efficiently achieve hoped-for outcomes. The proposed IDSCS features estimation and compensation sublayers. For the estimation sublayer, discrete dynamic consensus algorithm-based sta

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21

Liu, Bai Liang, Xue Liang Huang, and Jun Li. "Frequency Control Based on Multi-Agent System in Islanded Microgrid." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1754–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1754.

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Islanded microgrid is an independent micro power system. The system has different kinds of distributed generations with different characteristics. The islanded microgrid makes its frequence control more difficult than the conventional grids. This presents a multi-agent based frequency control approach for islanded microgrid and discusses the characteristics of agents. The hierarchical multi-agent control framework is also proposed. The simulation results show that even in emergency conditions, the proposed frequency control approach based multi-agent system can maintain the frequency stability

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22

Gkavanoudis, Spyros I., Konstantinos O. Oureilidis, Georgios C. Kryonidis, and Charis S. Demoulias. "A Control Method for Balancing the SoC of Distributed Batteries in Islanded Converter-Interfaced Microgrids." Advances in Power Electronics 2016 (June 14, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8518769.

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In a low-voltage islanded microgrid powered by renewable energy sources, the energy storage systems (ESSs) are considered necessary, in order to maintain the power balance. Since a microgrid can be composed of several distributed ESSs (DESSs), a coordinated control of their state-of-charge (SoC) should be implemented, ensuring the prolonged lifespan. This paper proposes a new decentralized control method for balancing the SoC of DESSs in islanded microgrids, without physical communication. Each DESS injects a current distortion at 175 Hz, when its SoC changes by 10%. This distortion is recogni

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23

Zhu, Chongxi, Hong Xu, Leichun Gu, Zhiwei Hua, Xin Li, and Qifan Feng. "Decentralized frequency support control based on distributed PV’s adaptive power reserve." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2567, no. 1 (2023): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2567/1/012004.

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Abstract High integration of PV diminishes system inertia, which jeopardizes the system frequency stability. Adjusting PVs’ output according to demand is an active power control method requiring no energy storage devices, which realizes grid frequency support by a certain reserved power of PV. To equally reserve power between different PVs without communication, this paper combines the operation characteristics of the PV module on the right side of the maximum power point and proposes the characteristic of power reserve and adaptive power reserve-frequency supporting control. Furthermore, irra

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24

Mohamed, Ghazzali, Haloua Mohamed, and Giri Fouad. "Fixed-time observer-based distributed secondary voltage and frequency control of islanded AC microgrids." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (2020): 4522–33. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4522-4533.

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This paper deals with the problem of voltage and frequency control of distributed generators (DGs) in AC islanded microgrids. The main motivation of this work is to obviate the shortcomings of conventional centralized and distributed control of micro- grids by providing a better alternative control strategy with better control performance than state-of-the art approaches. A distributed secondary control protocol based on a novel fixed-time observer-based feedback control method is designed for fixed-time frequency and voltage reference tracking and disturbance rejection. Compared to the existi

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25

Hu, Jianqiang, Jinde Cao, Josep M. Guerrero, Taiyou Yong, and Jie Yu. "Improving Frequency Stability Based on Distributed Control of Multiple Load Aggregators." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 8, no. 4 (2017): 1553–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2015.2491340.

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26

Liu, Kun, Tao Liu, Zhiyuan Tang, and David J. Hill. "Distributed MPC-Based Frequency Control in Networked Microgrids With Voltage Constraints." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 10, no. 6 (2019): 6343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2902595.

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27

Xing, Lantao, Yateendra Mishra, Yu-Chu Tian, et al. "Dual-Consensus-Based Distributed Frequency Control for Multiple Energy Storage Systems." IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 10, no. 6 (2019): 6396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2019.2904075.

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28

Mo, Ni-Lei, Zhi-Hong Guan, Ding-Xue Zhang, Xin-Ming Cheng, Zhi-Wei Liu, and Tao Li. "Data-driven based optimal distributed frequency control for islanded AC microgrids." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 119 (July 2020): 105904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.105904.

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29

Chang, Xiao, Xiangyu Guo, Jinhao Wang, Huiqiang Zhi, Longfei Hao, and Liang Ji. "Frequency Support Coordinated Control Strategy of Renewable Distributed Energy Resource Based on Digital Twins." Electronics 13, no. 17 (2024): 3403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13173403.

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The integration of high-penetration renewable energy sources is playing an increasingly important role in the frequency regulation of the power system. However, due to the varying output characteristics and response speeds of different renewable distributed energy resources (DERs), the overall response from the collective output of these distributed energy resources may not meet expected requirements and could have adverse effects on the grid. One drawback of traditional distributed coordinated control is its high communication requirements. This paper proposes using digital twin (DT) technolo

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Tang, Haoyang, and Yanping Wang. "Hierarchical control of island microgrid based on consensus algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2588, no. 1 (2023): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2588/1/012012.

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Abstract When the load inside the microgrid changes, droop control maintains a stable power supply cycle of the microgrid by controlling the voltage and frequency at the parallel network of the distributed generation. Since the traditional microgrid droop control usually uses a fixed droop coefficient to adjust the output active power and reactive power, the frequency and voltage of the inverter parallel network will deviate from the system frequency and voltage rating to varying degrees, so a new layer of control link is needed to restore the target value. Moreover, most of the hierarchical c

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31

Ghazzali, Mohamed, Mohamed Haloua, and Fouad Giri. "Fixed-time observer-based distributed secondary voltage and frequency control of islanded AC microgrids." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (2020): 4522. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4522-4533.

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This paper deals with the problem of voltage and frequency control of distributed generators (DGs) in AC islanded microgrids. The main motivation of this work is to obviate the shortcomings of conventional centralized and distributed control of micro-grids by providing a better alternative control strategy with better control performance than state-of-the art approaches. A distributed secondary control protocol based on a novel fixed-time observer-based feedback control method is designed for fixed-time frequency and voltage reference tracking and disturbance rejection. Compared to the existin

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32

Hassan, Mohamed, Muhammed Worku, Abdelfattah Eladl, and Mohammed Abido. "Dynamic Stability Performance of Autonomous Microgrid Involving High Penetration Level of Constant Power Loads." Mathematics 9, no. 9 (2021): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9090922.

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Nowadays, behaving as constant power loads (CPLs), rectifiers and voltage regulators are extensively used in microgrids (MGs). The MG dynamic behavior challenges both stability and control effectiveness in the presence of CPLs. CPLs characteristics such as negative incremental resistance, synchronization, and control loop dynamic with similar frequency range of the inverter disturb severely the MG stability. Additionally, the MG stability problem will be more sophisticated with a high penetration level of CPLs in MGs. The stability analysis becomes more essential especially with high-penetrate

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Hu, Zhijian, Shichao Liu, and Ligang Wu. "Credibility-based distributed frequency estimation for plug-in electric vehicles participating in load frequency control." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 130 (September 2021): 106997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.106997.

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Zhang, Congyue, Xiaobo Dou, Jianfeng Zhao, Qinran Hu, and Xiangjun Quan. "Two-level Coupling-based Frequency Control Strategy with Adaptive Distributed Frequency Consensus and Dynamic Compensation." Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 12, no. 6 (2024): 1918–29. https://doi.org/10.35833/mpce.2023.000506.

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Yue, Chengyi, and Binbin Bei. "Research on Control Method of Microgrid Based on Multi Distributed Generation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (2021): 022099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022099.

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Abstract Reducing the dependence of microgrid upon the communication system and realizing the efficient control of multiple distributed generation of the microgrid are problems that need to be solved urgently. Through the research, based on multiple microgrid operation modes, the peer-to-peer control strategy in microgrid is investigated, and the peer-to-peer control strategy method of microgrid is given for a variety of complex control problems of distributed power According to the peer-to-peer control strategy method, distributed power supply adopts droop control in adjusting distributed pow

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36

Olayanju, Sunday Akinwale, Folasade Mojisola Dahunsi, and Akinlolu Adediran Ponnle. "Consensus-Based Autonomous Microgrid Secondary Frequency Control with Communication Impairments." Pakistan Journal of Engineering and Technology 8, no. 1 (2025): 21–31. https://doi.org/10.51846/vol8iss1pp21-31.

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The frequency stability requirement of islanded microgrids is dependent on the control of electronic inverters; therefore, it is necessary to use proper control methods to improve the robustness of the microgrid system in the presence of impairments. While primary droop-based control methods can keep the frequency deviation within allowable limits, they are weak in synchronizing frequencies of distributed generators to the reference value. In this work, a consensus-based approach is employed for secondary frequency control in autonomous microgrids to ensure frequency synchronization among the

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Shrivastava, Sonam, Bidyadhar Subudhi, and Susmita Das. "Distributed voltage and frequency synchronisation control scheme for islanded inverter‐based microgrid." IET Smart Grid 1, no. 2 (2018): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-stg.2018.0020.

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Tang, Qian, Hong Zhou, Zhi-Wei Liu, and Qi-Jun Deng. "Distributed Consensus-Based Optimization of Multiple Load Aggregators for Secondary Frequency Control." Asian Journal of Control 20, no. 2 (2017): 943–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.1630.

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Xie, Siyu, Masoud H. Nazari, and Le Yi Wang. "Learning-based distributed optimal power sharing and frequency control under cyber contingencies." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 152 (October 2023): 109248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109248.

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Yu, Guoxing, Huihui Song, Meng Liu, Zongxun Song, and Yanbin Qu. "Distributed Weight Adaptive Control for Frequency Regulation of Islanded Microgrid." Energies 15, no. 11 (2022): 4136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15114136.

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The consensus control method based on a multi-agent system has been widely applied in the distributed control and optimization of microgrids. However, the following drawbacks are still common in current research: (1) ignoring the influence of consensus control commands on the synchronization stability of the physical grid under primary control; (2) only focusing on improving one property ofcontrol performance, lacking comprehensive considerations of multiple properties. With the aim of solving these problems, in this paper we propose a weight-adaptive robust control strategy for implementing d

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Yang, Fan, Shibing Yu, Jian Zhao, Dongdong Li, and Shunfu Lin. "Distributed reconfigurable model predictive control based load frequency control of microgrid clusters with dynamic topology." Electric Power Systems Research 221 (August 2023): 109445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2023.109445.

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Toub, Mohamed, Mehrzad M. Bijaieh, Wayne W. Weaver, Rush D. Robinett III, Mohamed Maaroufi, and Ghassane Aniba. "Droop Control in DQ Coordinates for Fixed Frequency Inverter-Based AC Microgrids." Electronics 8, no. 10 (2019): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101168.

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This paper presents a proof-of-concept for a novel dq droop control technique that applies DC droop control methods to fixed frequency inverter-based AC microgrids using the dq0 transformation. Microgrids are usually composed of distributed generation units (DGUs) that are electronically coupled to each other through power converters. An inherent property of inverter-based microgrids is that, unlike microgrids with spinning machines, the frequency of the parallel-connected DGUs is a global variable independent from the output power since the inverters can control the output waveform frequency

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Burke, S. E., and J. E. Hubbard. "Spatial Filtering Concepts in Distributed Parameter Control." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 112, no. 4 (1990): 565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2896181.

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A new method of analyzing distributed parameter control systems is presented, based upon their input/output representation in a spatially and temporally transformed frequency space. The classes of distributed systems amenable to the analysis are described in terms of their Green’s functions. The plants’ input/output relations are studied in the transformed space using the singular value decomposition to determine the system’s spatial performance. Performance is quantified in terms of generalized command following, disturbance rejection, noise rejection, controllability, and observability over

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Alghamdi, Baheej. "Fuzzy Logic–Based Decentralized Voltage–Frequency Control and Inertia Control of a VSG-Based Isolated Microgrid System." Energies 15, no. 22 (2022): 8401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228401.

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This work proposes the use of fuzzy-logic-based voltage frequency control (VFC) and adaptive inertia to improve the frequency response of a virtual synchronous generator (VSG)-based isolated microgrid system. The joint VFC and inertial control scheme is proposed to limit frequency deviations in these isolated microgrid systems, mainly caused by the increasing penetration of intermittent distributed energy resources, which lack rotational inertia. The proposed controller uses artificial neural networks (ANN) to estimate the exponent of voltage-dependent loads and modulate the system frequency b

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Hong, Su-Been, Thai-Thanh Nguyen, Jinhong Jeon, and Hak-Man Kim. "Distributed Operation of Microgrids Considering Secondary Frequency Restoration Based on the Diffusion Algorithm." Energies 13, no. 12 (2020): 3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123207.

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This paper proposes a distributed control of the microgrid (MG) system based on the diffusion algorithm. Unlike the existing decentralized strategy that focuses on the economic operation of the MG system, the proposed strategy performs secondary frequency regulation in addition to the optimization of the MG system. The hierarchical control technique is employed in this study, where the primary layer is responsible for power control and the secondary layer is responsible for the frequency control and economic operation of the MG system. A tested MG system with four distributed generations (DGs)

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Ji, Hao, Meng Wang, Ting Yang, and Junjie Zhao. "State feedback control aware stochastic transmitting latency in cyber-physical power system." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 9 (2018): 168781401878740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718802260.

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Distributed sensor networks with a great number of sensors realize information gathering, transmitting, and controlling, which will greatly improve the reliability and efficiency of industrial infrastructure systems, such as cyber-physical power system. Cyber-physical power system is one of the heuristic systems tightly coupled by a continuous-time electrical power system and a discrete-time information system. The transmitting latency, packets disorder, or loss will fail system convergence, even unstable under disturbance. This article studies the effect of long latency on cyber-physical powe

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Wang, Hongjun, Wanfeng Li, Youjun Yue, and Hui Zhao. "Distributed Economic Control for AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid." Electronics 11, no. 1 (2021): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010013.

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In this paper, a new double-layer droop control mode for island AC/DC microgrids is proposed to realize autonomous and cost-effective operation. The optimal power reference iterative algorithm is used to realize the internal active power distribution in the subnet. On this basis, secondary frequency and voltage adjustments are introduced to realize the economic operation, autonomy and stability of the subnet. At the microgrid level, the local control strategy of cost micro increment deviation is designed to optimize the exchange power between subnets. The cooperation of the two can realize the

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Muñoz, Yecid, Adalberto Ospino, Carlos Robles, and Carlos Arizmendi. "Implementation of a frequency control in a biomass gasifier system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp66-77.

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Distributed power generation has grown in popularity in recent years, especially in areas not connected to the national grid. As a result, rural microgrids are becoming more common, involving great potential for energy based on biomass conversion such as gasification. After analyzing distributed power generation facilities in developing countries, the authors found problems with the frequency stability. This paper focuses on solving the problem of frequency control in energy supplied by microgrids based in biomass gasification. For that purpose, the authors have developed a physical model of a

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Muñoz, Yecid, Adalberto Ospino, Carlos Robles, and Carlos Arizmendi. "Implementation of a frequency control in a biomass gasifier system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 1 (2019): 66–77. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp66-77.

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Abstract:

Distributed power generation has grown in popularity in recent years, especially in areas not connected to the national grid. As a result, rural microgrids are becoming more common, involving great potential for energy based on biomass conversion such as gasification. After analyzing distributed power generation facilities in developing countries, the authors found problems with the frequency stability. This paper focuses on solving the problem of frequency control in energy supplied by microgrids based in biomass gasification. For that purpose, the authors have developed a physical model of a

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Nguyen, Hoang Minh Vu, and Trong Nghia Le. "Developing Control Strategy for PV-Based Distributed Generator for Enhancing Frequency Regulation of Microgrid." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2023 (November 27, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7317870.

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This paper presents a control strategy for a photovoltaic (PV)-based distributed generator (DG) to enhance the frequency regulation of a microgrid. A microgrid is a small-scale power system that integrates distributed energy sources and interconnected loads, which can operate independently or in parallel with the main grid. However, the high integration of DGs poses stability problems, particularly the frequency regulation under contingencies in the microgrid. For example, the shutdown of one generating unit or the reduction of system inertia owing to the high integration of converter-based DG

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