Academic literature on the topic 'Distributed power trains'
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Journal articles on the topic "Distributed power trains"
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Cantone, L. "Simulation of freight trains with up to three traction units in radio communication." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1214, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1214/1/012039.
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Abstract Paper reports the main results of a systematic study on longitudinal train dynamics (LTD) of long freight trains, equipped with radio communication. The simulation results have been used to prepare an experimental test campaign to test the Distributed Power System (DPS) technology. The simulations refer to up/down and level track and they compare the LTD of trains with and without DPS, for different train operations and radio link conditions. The DPS technology is proved (by simulations and test) to be a very effective way to increase the efficiency of future freight trains.
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Arcidiacono, Gabriele, Rossella Berni, Luciano Cantone, Nedka D. Nikiforova, and Pierpaolo Placidoli. "Fast Method to Evaluate Payload Effect on In-Train Forces of Freight Trains." Open Transportation Journal 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447801812010077.
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Introduction:This paper introduces a fast method to evaluate the effect of payload distribution on in-train forces.Methods:The method is based on Strong Orthogonal Arrays (SOA) and the excellent space-filling properties of Latin Hypercube Design (LHD): SOA-based-LHD is proved to be very efficient in spanning the range of in-train forces for different types of trains (also considering distributed power/braking) and trains operations.Results:The distribution of the percentage of braked mass is used to consider the effect of payload distribution on in-train forces. Because of its computational efficiency, the method proposed here can be satisfactorily employed to perform an optimization analysis of train composition.
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Dick, C. Tyler, Ivan Atanassov, F. Bradford Kippen, and Darkhan Mussanov. "Relative train length and the infrastructure required to mitigate delays from operating combinations of normal and over-length freight trains on single-track railway lines in North America." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 7 (November 19, 2018): 731–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718809204.
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Distributed power locomotives have facilitated longer heavy-haul freight trains that improve the efficiency of railway operations. In North America, where the majority of mainlines are single track, the potential operational and economic advantages of long trains are limited by the inadequate length of many existing passing sidings (passing loops). To alleviate the challenge of operating trains that exceed the length of passing sidings, railways preserve the mainline capacity by extending passing sidings. However, industry practitioners rarely optimize the extent of infrastructure investment for the volume of over-length train traffic on a particular route. This paper investigates how different combinations of normal and over-length trains, and their relative lengths, relate to the number of siding extensions necessary to mitigate the delay performance of over-length train operation on a single-track rail corridor. The experiments used Rail Traffic Controller simulation software to determine train delay for various combinations of short and long train lengths under different directional distributions of a given daily railcar throughput volume. Simulation results suggest a relationship between the ratio of train lengths and the infrastructure expansion required to eliminate the delay introduced by operating over-length trains on the initial route. Over-length trains exhibit delay benefits from siding extensions while short trains are relatively insensitive to the expanded infrastructure. Assigning directional preference to over-length trains improves the overall average long-train delay at the expense of delay to short trains. These results will allow railway practitioners to make more informed decisions on the optimal incremental capital expansion strategy for the operation of over-length trains.
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Pfeiffer, Jakob, Xuyi Wu, and Ahmed Ayadi. "Evaluation of Three Different Approaches for Automated Time Delay Estimation for Distributed Sensor Systems of Electric Vehicles." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020351.
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Deviations between High Voltage (HV) current measurements and the corresponding real values provoke serious problems in the power trains of Electric Vehicle (EVs). Examples for these problems have inaccurate performance coordinations and unnecessary power limitations during driving or charging. The main reason for the deviations are time delays. By correcting these delays with accurate Time Delay Estimation (TDE), our data shows that we can reduce the measurement deviations from 25% of the maximum current to below 5%. In this paper, we present three different approaches for TDE. We evaluate all approaches with real data from power trains of EVs. To enable an execution on automotive Electronic Control Unit (ECUs), the focus of our evaluation lies not only on the accuracy of the TDE, but also on the computational efficiency. The proposed Linear Regression (LR) approach suffers even from small noise and offsets in the measurement data and is unsuited for our purpose. A better alternative is the Variance Minimization (VM) approach. It is not only more noise-resistant but also very efficient after the first execution. Another interesting approach are Adaptive Filter (AFs), introduced by Emadzadeh et al. Unfortunately, AFs do not reach the accuracy and efficiency of VM in our experiments. Thus, we recommend VM for TDE of HV current signals in the power train of EVs and present an additional optimization to enable its execution on ECUs.
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Li, Wei, Chunyang Chen, Hui Li, Kai Wang, Liang Xie, and Wenlu Zhang. "Analysis of the different locomotive wireless multi-traction synchronous control systems for heavy-haul combined trains and their performance." Transportation Safety and Environment 2, no. 3 (September 2020): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaa025.
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Abstract This paper looks at the heavy-haul combined train composed of different types of locomotives and its distributed power control system with a combination of 800 MHz and TD-LTE wireless communication. It analyses some key characteristic parameters that affect the synchronism and communication of the differential wireless multi-traction synchronous control systems for heavy-haul combined trains. At the same time, in order to reduce the latency of instruction and information transfer between different types of locomotives, improve the time-limit certainty of wireless transmission and optimize the control quality of multi-traction control systems for heavy-haul combined trains, a synchronism optimization strategy based on the Markov decision process on the basis of Petri networkconstruction is proposed. Relevant experiments and tests are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the synchronism optimization of the control system, which provides a guarantee for improving the differential wireless multi-traction synchronous control system for combined trains and optimizing train control.
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Wasilewski, Jacek, and Mateusz Skwarski. "Electric freight trains as distributed energy resources supporting frequency stability in power systems." IET Renewable Power Generation 14, no. 18 (December 2020): 3802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.1471.
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Cantone, Luciano, and Armand Toubol. "Marathon2Operation, a Shift2Rail project for radio communication and simulation of train dynamics for distributed power within long trains." Procedia Structural Integrity 24 (2019): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2020.02.040.
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Troitskiy, Pavel S. "Algorithm for selecting motor and trailer cars in a freight train of motor-car traction according to the energy efficiency criterion." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst202061104-119.
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Background: improving the efficiency of freight transport is one of the main challenges facing the world's Railways. One of the most effective solutions is the introduction of distributed motor-car cargo traction. This will significantly increase the operational efficiency of the train's power plant, improve its handling, reduce the amount of destructive impact on the track, increase the capacity of railway lines and the reliability of deliveries of perishable goods.
When considering the allocation algorithm for operating the traction motors (TED) on the composition of a diesel freight trains subject to the conditions of alignment resource all TED motor coaches concluded the possibility of increasing the efficiency of multimotor traction drive modular freight trains using the proposed control algorithms for energy efficiency.
Aim: formalization of the task of selecting motor and trailer cars in a modular electric freight train.
Methods: In article the algorithm of selection of motor and trailer cars on a freight train railcar traction on the criterion of energy efficiency, the benefits of adopting a modular truck trains, are the main prerequisites for the implementation of distributed railcar truck pull. The work is based on the theory of traction calculations for train operation and is aimed at ensuring safe and energy-efficient traffic along the route sections.
Results: The developed algorithm of selection of motor and trailer cars in a unit train freight based on the condition of ensuring the traction and coupling properties of the train on the current upgrades, the development of the total volume of cargo offered for transport and energy efficiency of this type of traction.
When using the proposed algorithms for managing the energy efficiency of a motor-car electric train by selecting motor and trailer cars, adjusting the power, number of traction engines and their distribution by the composition of the traun, energy consumption on the Medvezhya Gora Noviy Poselok section can be reduced by 20.5% in the direction there and by 18.9% in the direction back without changing the traffic schedule. And when compared with a locomotive-hauled train that regulates energy consumption using the same algorithm by 4.49% and 3.61%, respectively. Energy consumption on the Krivenkovskaya Goitkh section can be reduced by 16% in the direction there and by 82% in the direction back without changing the traffic schedule. And when compared with a locomotive-hauled train that regulates energy consumption by the same algorithm by 1.61% and 65.92%, respectively.
Conclusions: The author proposes an algorithm for selecting motor and trailer cars in a freight train of motor-car traction according to the criterion of energy efficiency with the condition of ensuring traction and coupling properties on the calculated lifts. As well as the algorithm of distribution of working traction engines by the composition of the freight trains, taking into account the requirement of equalizing the resource of their work, preventing overheating and hypothermia of the fuel and energy system, and improving train handling.
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Sychenko, Viktor, Valeriy Kuznetsov, Yevheniy Kosarev, Petro Beh, Yuriy Sayenko, Bohdan Styslo, Mihail Pavlichenko, Ihor Vasilev, and Mykola Pulin. "The concept of a hybrid traction power supply system." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929401014.
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The growing shortage of energy resources to provide heavy traffic and high-speed traffic necessitates the development of a new power supply scheme for a traction network using sources of distributed generation of electric energy. Application of asymmetric distributed traction power system with the use of distributed generation allows to increase electric energy efficiency of the feed system of rolling stock, reduce its material capacity and increase the reliability of the functioning of the railway system as a whole. The proposed structure of the hybrid electric traction system involves the creation of a new paradigm aimed at ensuring high demands on the voltage and specific power in the traction network, which will allow to improve the quality and safety of the transportation process when increasing the energy performance indicators. This paradigm will allow to form a new philosophy of building traction power systems. The key elements of this philosophy are decentralization of generation and consumption of electric energy, the use of intelligent electric equipment, distributed power supply management in a single information space of the energy process during transportation. The peculiarity of the proposed work is the optimal combination of technological processes of transmission, consumption of electric energy and transportation, taking into account the specific conditions of functioning of the electrified section: points of connection of power sources and their type, profile of the track, schedule of trains, types of rolling stock and equipment. Conceptually, the hybrid traction power system is an electric hub, in which the inputs are generating points, and the output is the power supply system of the rolling stock. The internal structure of the electric power objects of the hub is determined by the type of transformation and accumulation of electric energy and ways of managing these objects in real time.
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Morais, Vítor A., and António P. Martins. "Traction power substation balance and losses estimation in AC railways using a power transfer device through Monte Carlo analysis." Railway Engineering Science 30, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40534-021-00261-y.
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AbstractThe high dynamic power requirements present in modern railway transportation systems raise research challenges for an optimal operation of railway electrification. This paper presents a Monte Carlo analysis on the application of a power transfer device installed in the neutral zone and exchanging active power between two sections. The main analyzed parameters are the active power balance in the two neighbor traction power substations and the system power losses. A simulation framework is presented to comprise the desired analysis and a universe of randomly distributed scenarios are tested to evaluate the effectiveness of the power transfer device system. The results show that the density of trains and the relative branch length of a traction power substation should be considered in the evaluation phase of the best place to install a power transfer device, towards the reduction of the operational power losses, while maintaining the two substations balanced in terms of active power.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distributed power trains"
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(9788021), Colin Cole. "Longitudinal train dynamics: Characteristics, modelling, simulation and neural network prediction for Central Queensland coal trains." Thesis, 1999. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Longitudinal_train_dynamics_Characteristics_modelling_simulation_and_neural_network_prediction_for_Central_Queensland_coal_trains/13465427.
Full textBooks on the topic "Distributed power trains"
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Bluestein, Joel Hershel. The impact of air quality regulations on distributed generation: 10 April 2002 - 10 May 2002. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2002.
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Blevins, Cameron. Paper Trails. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190053673.001.0001.
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Paper Trails presents a new history of the American state and its efforts to conquer, occupy, and integrate the western United States between the 1860s and early 1900s. The success of this project depended on an unassuming government institution: the US Post. As millions of settlers rushed into remote corners of the region, they relied on the mail to stay connected to the wider world. Letters and newspapers, magazines and pamphlets, petitions and money orders, all traveled across the most expansive communications network on earth. Paper Trails maps the year-by-year spread of this infrastructure using a dataset of more than one hundred thousand post offices, revealing a new and unfamiliar picture of the federal government in the West. Despite its size, the US Post was both nimble and ephemeral, rapidly spinning out its infrastructure to distant places before melting away at a moment’s notice. The administration of this network bore little resemblance to the civil service bureaucracies typically associated with government institutions today. Instead, the US Post grafted public mail service onto the private operations of thousands of local businesses, contracting with stagecoach companies to carry bags of mail and paying local merchants to distribute letters from their stores. The postal network’s sprawling geography and localized operations force a reconsideration of the American state, its history, and the ways in which it exercised power. This book tells the story of one of the most dramatic reorganizations of people, land, and resources in American history and the underlying spatial circuitry that wove this project together.
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Bullard, Paddy. Eighteenth-Century Minds. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.95.
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During the last decade of the seventeenth century John Locke established himself as a new kind of natural historian of the human mind—describing its powers, classifying its ideas, and tracing the evolution of its faculties. The century that followed saw a flowering of psychological thinking, marked by a rapid distribution of theories from the realm of philosophy across the realm of literature. This chapter finds the traces of that intellectual movement in the work of three literary authors: Laurence Sterne, Samuel Richardson, and Edmund Burke. It finds that Sterne and Burke were less original than Richardson in their speculations, belonging squarely to the Lockeian associationist tradition, but that their sense of cognition as an embodied, distributed process (as opposed to Richardson’s more abstracted idea of the mind’s functions) offers scope to align them with certain aspects of modern cognitive neurology.
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Jaleel, Rana M. The Work of Rape. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021797.
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In The Work of Rape Rana M. Jaleel argues that the redefinition of sexual violence within international law as a war crime, crime against humanity, and genocide owes a disturbing and unacknowledged debt to power and knowledge achieved from racial, imperial, and settler colonial domination. Prioritizing critiques of racial capitalism from women of color, Indigenous, queer, trans, and Global South perspectives, Jaleel reorients how violence is socially defined and distributed through legal definitions of rape. From Cold War conflicts in Latin America, the 1990s ethnic wars in Rwanda and Yugoslavia, and the War on Terror to ongoing debates about sexual assault on college campuses, Jaleel considers how legal and social iterations of rape and the terms that define it—consent, force, coercion—are unstable indexes and abstractions of social difference that mediate racial and colonial positionalities. Jaleel traces how post-Cold War orders of global security and governance simultaneously transform the meaning of sexualized violence, extend US empire, and disavow legacies of enslavement, Indigenous dispossession, and racialized violence within the United States. Duke University Press Scholars of Color First Book Award recipient
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Gabrielson, Teena. Bodies, Environments, and Agency. Edited by Teena Gabrielson, Cheryl Hall, John M. Meyer, and David Schlosberg. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199685271.013.2.
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This essay reviews much of the recent scholarship on the concept of agency, delineating its relevance for theorizing an inclusive and progressive ecological politics. Mindful of the intimacy between questions of agency and ontology, the essay urges the advantages of conceptualizing agency as collective, embodied, distributed, and emergent within discursive-material assemblages. In contrast to more traditional approaches that treat agency as a singularly human characteristic, this essay looks to identify agential capacity in both humans and non-humans and the interactions among them. It is argued that such an approach offers greater traction in tracing the discursive-material circuits of power and the theorizing of collective forms of responsibility than do traditional conceptions. The essay concludes with a brief example of wildfire to illustrate the advantages of the recommended approach.
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Lie, Einar. Norges Bank 1816-2016. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860013.001.0001.
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This book traces the 200-year history of Norges Bank, which was established in 1816 with a dual purpose: to bring order and stability to the chaotic monetary system following the Napoleonic wars and provide Norway with a bank. The present Norges Bank is a modern well-functioning central bank, with strong likenesses to similar institutions in other countries. This book is particularly concerned with the relations between the bank and the political institutions. The bank’s role has been shaped and reshaped by perceptions of what kind of financial services Norway needed, how economic policy was coordinated, and how discretionary power was distributed between the elected bodies, the executive branch, and underlying institutions with a defined mandate. The central aim of this book is to trace and explain these changes over the past two centuries. It is also, to some extent, a contribution to the relatively broad literature on the history of national central banks.
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Villegas, Mark R. Manifest Technique. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043789.001.0001.
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Manifest Technique traces the ways in which Filipino American hip hop performances remember the racialized histories of the Filipino body. Mediated through what the book calls a Filipino American hip hop vernacular, Filipino Americans have been fashioning crucial forms of Filipino racial knowledge. Inspired by hip hop’s cultural resources that uplifts the dignity of African Americans, Filipino Americans’ immersion in hip hop has influenced ongoing Filipino racial self-construction, engaging a longer struggle of Filipino decolonization. Manifest Technique testifies to the labor required to bridge the gaps within the margins of official memory by outlining how Filipino Americans have been instrumental in contributing to the broader contours of hip hop and in providing a counter-memory to their historical erasure. In observing artists’ and participants’ narratives, music, embodiments, and visual expressions, this book is an impetus to understand race and ethnicity in the United States not simply in terms of liberal multiculturalism, which distributes power horizontally and ahistorically, but through the critical lens of structural domination, which recognizes power as vertically applied and historically rooted. In short, this book observes the intersections of memory and empire by focusing on hip hop cultural practices embedded within the ongoing racial project of Filipino postcolonial emergence.
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Cats-Baril, Amanda. Herramienta para la evaluación de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en las constituciones. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2022.5.
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La Herramienta para la evaluación de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en las constituciones ayuda a los usuarios a analizar una constitución desde la perspectiva de los mencionados derechos. Mediante una serie de preguntas, explicaciones breves y ejemplos tomados de constituciones de todo el mundo, esta herramienta de evaluación guía a sus usuarios a través del texto de una constitución, y permite hacer un análisis sistemático del lenguaje y de las disposiciones del texto constitucional, para así valorar el grado en que están reflejados en dicho texto los derechos de los pueblos indígenas. Una constitución articula una visión que refleja los valores y la historia de un Estado, así como los objetivos a los que aspira en el futuro. Como la suprema ley de un Estado, la constitución define cuáles serán su estructura e instituciones, distribuye el poder político, y reconoce y protege derechos fundamentales, determinando de manera crucial la relación entre la ciudadanía y los gobiernos. Incorporar en la constitución el reconocimiento y la protección basada en derechos de grupos específicos tales como los pueblos indígenas puede proporcionar a tales grupos y a sus derechos una protección incrementada. Este objetivo se puede promover con la ayuda de instituciones y procesos especializados que permitan profundizar la ejecución de tales derechos en la práctica.
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Belia, Evangelia, Lorenzo Benedetti, Bruce Johnson, Sudhir Murthy, Marc Neumann, Peter Vanrolleghem, and Stefan Weijers, eds. Uncertainty in Wastewater Treatment Design and Operation. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780401034.
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Uncertainty in Wastewater Treatment Design and Operation aims to facilitate the transition of the wastewater profession to the probabilistic use of simulators with the associated benefits of being better able to take advantage of opportunities and manage risk. There is a paradigm shift taking place in the design and operation of treatment plants in the water industry. The market is currently in transition to use modelling and simulation while still using conventional heuristic guidelines (safety factors). Key reasons for transition include: wastewater treatment simulation software advancements; stricter effluent requirements that cannot be designed for using traditional approaches, and increased pressure for more efficient designs (including energy efficiency, greenhouse gas emission control). There is increasing consensus among wastewater professionals that the performance of plants and the predictive power of their models (degree of uncertainty) is a critical component of plant design and operation. However, models and simulators used by designers and operators do not incorporate methods for the evaluation of uncertainty associated with each design. Thus, engineers often combine safety factors with simulation results in an arbitrary way based on designer ‘experience’. Furthermore, there is not an accepted methodology (outside modelling) that translates uncertainty to assumed opportunity or risk and how it is distributed among consultants/contractors and owners. Uncertainty in Wastewater Treatment Design and Operation documents how uncertainty, opportunity and risk are currently handled in the wastewater treatment practice by consultants, utilities and regulators. The book provides a useful set of terms and definitions relating to uncertainty and promotes an understanding of the issues and terms involved. It identifies the sources of uncertainty in different project phases and presents a critical review of the available methods. Real-world examples are selected to illustrate where and when sources of uncertainty are introduced and how models are implemented and used in design projects and in operational optimisation. Uncertainty in Wastewater Treatment Design and Operation defines the developments required to provide improved procedures and tools to implement uncertainty and risk evaluations in projects. It is a vital reference for utilities, regulators, consultants, and trained management dealing with certainty, opportunity and risk in wastewater treatment. ISBN: 9781780401027 (Paperback) ISBN: 9781780401034 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789062601 (ePub)
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Montangie, Lisandro, Vanesa María Sanz, and Luis Héctor Illanes. Imágenes en Medicina Nuclear. Editorial de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (EDULP), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35537/10915/80862.
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Este libro habla de Medicina Nuclear (MN). Esta especialidad médica incluye tanto prácticas diagnósticas como procedimientos terapéuticos. En estas páginas se analiza solamente lo que concierne al cometido diagnóstico de la Medicina Nuclear que se logra a través de imágenes. La medicina actual es impensable sin la utilización de imágenes. Englobadas bajo el nombre de Diagnóstico por imágenes (DXI), su empleo trasciende la etapa de diagnóstico de las patologías y se emplean también con mucha eficacia para planificar terapias y evaluar resultados. Las imágenes que aporta la MN, se obtienen a partir de la administración al paciente de un radiofármaco y la detección de cómo se distribuye la radioactividad dentro del organismo; esa distribución es graficada en una imagen. Como toda práctica diagnóstica en medicina, las imágenes médicas tienen como objetivo la obtención de datos. El prestigio de que gozan las imágenes con respecto a otras formas de presentar la información, conlleva la falacia de que las mismas son información objetiva, reflejo cabal del interior del organismo, y no datos sujetos a interpretación. Esto ocasiona dificultades a la hora de evaluar las imágenes para decidir si son aptas para efectuar un diagnóstico. En el libro se establecen los criterios con que deben justipreciarse los estudios, que no tiene que ver con la apariencia de la imagen. A lo largo de los capítulos se sugiere entrenarse en aplicar formas comprobadas de valorar una imagen de Medicina Nuclear. Y esa evaluación debe hacerse examinando en profundidad las tres particularidades siguientes; la validez estadística de la adquisición; la eventual existencia de artefactos producto de la reconstrucción; la calidad de la imagen en relación al radiofármaco. ¿Invita el libro a dudar de las imágenes? De alguna manera sí. Pero no se trata de una incitación desconfiar de las imágenes médicas como procedimiento diagnóstico. No sostiene prejuicios ni suspicacias sobre métodos ya comprobados y validados. En lo que insiste es que no se debe aceptar la imagen como prueba de nada, hasta no estar seguros de que ha sido adquirida adecuadamente y poder descartar la presencia de artefactos; hasta no garantizar que la información que denota sea estadísticamente significativa; hasta no atestiguar con un control de calidad que el radiofármaco elegido y administrado se concentra en el territorio que se pretende indagar.
Book chapters on the topic "Distributed power trains"
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Liu, Chang, Jianping Huang, Ying Yao, Feng Qi, and Yinlin Ren. "Distributed Power Trading Mechanism of Multiple Virtual Power Plants Based on Agency Alliance." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 47–55. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6901-0_6.
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Lee, Sangjic, Ryuichi Uda, Kenju Akai, and Nariaki Nishino. "Dispersed Energy Storage and Its Effect on Market Efficiency in Electricity Trading with Distributed Power Resources: An Experimental Economics Study." In Serviceology for Smart Service System, 393–400. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56074-6_43.
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Jiang, Guodong, Tao Han, Hongwei Du, Xiaojun Niu, Xueqiong Wu, Rongqiang Feng, Dong Xia, and Yuhang Li. "Comparison and Analysis of Virtual Power Plant and Peer-to-Peer Transaction Applied to Distributed Generation Market Transaction in China." In Advances in Energy Research and Development. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aerd220021.
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firstly, this paper analyzes the necessity of market transaction of distributed generation, and summarizes the current situation of distributed generation transaction in the world. Then it discusses and analyzes the relevant policies of the Chinese government for distributed generation transaction, including photovoltaic subsidy policies, support policies for virtual power plants to participate in power trading, and support policies for distributed generation transaction pilot projects. According to China’s current electricity market rules and distributed generation transaction support policies, a distributed generation transaction platform system suitable for Chinese electricity market is designed based on blockchain technology. This paper compares and analyzes the two modes of virtual power plant and peer-to-peer transaction from the aspects of DG investor’s revenue and trading model. Finally, for the development of distributed generation trading in China, we draw conclusions and suggestions, and put forward the problems to be solved in the next step.
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Price, Leah. "The Book as Burden: Junk Mail and Religious Tracts." In How to Do Things with Books in Victorian Britain. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691114170.003.0006.
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This chapter looks at religious tracts and junk mail. The Victorians pioneered institutions—whether secular (the post) or religious (the tract society)—that allowed printed matter to be distributed at the expense of someone other than its end user. By disjoining owning from choosing, those transactions challenged Enlightenment assumptions about the relation between reading and identity. Where the secular press trusted print to lift individuals out of their social origin, the niche marketing pioneered by Evangelical publishers and commercial advertisers alike vested it instead with the power to mark age, gender, and class. If the content of tracts interpellated new audiences by matching characters' demographic to readers', so did the different material forms that each text took—reprinted on different paper, sold at different price points, distributed in gross and in detail.
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Zhou, Yue, and Jianzhong Wu. "Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in Microgrids and Local Energy Systems." In Microgrids and Local Energy Systems. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99437.
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is an innovative approach for managing increasing numbers of Distributed Energy Resources in microgrids or local energy systems. In P2P energy trading, prosumers and consumers directly trade and exchange power and energy with each other. The development of P2P energy trading is described in five key aspects, that is, market design, trading platforms, power and ICT infrastructure, regulation and policy, and from a social science perspective. A general multiagent framework is established to simulate the behaviour of and interaction between multiple entities in P2P energy trading. A general evaluation index hierarchy is proposed to assess various P2P energy trading mechanisms. Finally, a residential community that is set in the context of Great Britain is studied using multiagent simulation and hierarchical evaluation methods. Both the technical and economic benefits of P2P energy trading are demonstrated.
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Whig, Pawan, Arun Velu, and Pavika Sharma. "Demystifying Federated Learning for Blockchain." In Demystifying Federated Learning for Blockchain and Industrial Internet of Things, 143–65. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3733-9.ch008.
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Blockchain genuinely has the power to revolutionise the energy market mechanism by introducing smart PPAs (purchase power agreements), smart micro grids, and REC certificates. By converting energy resources into digital commodities that can be exchanged on a blockchain, new investment and trading possibilities that allow new players to join easily and encourage innovations will be enabled. It may also contribute to a shift driven by the organisation to address the issue of last mile connectivity. While recent grid developments have broadened the use of advanced control techniques, the next-generation grid requires technology that makes it simpler to connect distributed energy services (DERs) for users who both acquire and sell power seamlessly. This chapter will present a case study of a blockchain-based optimization paradigm and framework for crowd-sourced operations.
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Kuzminska, Anna Olga, Dominic Schulze, and Anna Koval. "Who Doesn’t Want to Share Leadership? The Role of Personality, Control Preferences, and Political Orientation in Preferences for Shared vs. Focused Leadership in Teams." In Management Challenges in the Era of Globalization, 11–27. University of Warsaw, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/978-83-65402-94-3.2019.wwz.3.1.
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An increasing number of institutions decide to adopt the premises of shared or distributed leadership models and reduce the level of organizational hierarchy. Such models were shown to positively affect employee well-being, creativity, and – indirectly – effectiveness. However, while shared leadership assumes a relatively equal division of control in interdependent situations, some people display preferences to dominate or submit. What is more, unequal/equal division of power may be preferable to people with a more conservative/liberal political orientation. In the current research we examine whether the shared leadership model is likely to be equally attractive to all employees. We focus on the effect of personality traits, control preferences, and political orientation on preferences for shared vs. focused leadership. One-hundred-and-eighty-four participants declared their team preferences (focused vs. shared leadership), as well as answered questions regarding their personality (HEXACO), control preferences, and political orientation through the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform. Control preferences, as well as political orientation were related to preferences for shared vs. focused leadership. Specifically, while dominance and conservative political orientation was associated with higher preference for focused leadership, collaboration predicted higher preference for shared leadership. Personality traits did not predict the preferences for focused vs. shared leadership
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Sodenkamp, Mariya A., and Leena Suhl. "A Multi-Criteria Vendor Selection and Order Allocation GDSS using a Mixed Alternative and Value Focused Thinking Approach." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 108–38. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5958-2.ch007.
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Vendor selection and order quantity assignment plays a central role in the purchasing activity of manufacturing and trading companies. Evaluation of product and service suppliers for procurement planning requires, on the one hand, accurate identification and exploration of all decision relevant parameters. On the other hand, effective agreements must tackle all parties’ rights, obligations, interests, motives, and values, which are usually conflicting in nature. In this chapter, the authors address the problem of expert group structuring and formalization of participant competences by distinguishing among the a-, ß-, and ?-level experts responsible for the value system establishment, alternatives assessment and auxiliary objects evaluation, respectively. Experts can belong to more than one task community. The triples of a-, ß-, and ?-voting power indices are assigned to the individuals depending on their competence/authority. Moreover, the presented Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)-based framework facilitates selecting appropriate suppliers by the distributed expert groups and improves the quality of order allocation decisions. The usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated for the fuel oils and crops purchasing activities in the trading department of Raiffeisen Westfalen Mitte eG in Germany.
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Lu, Yao, Weirong Liu, Yue Wu, Heng Li, Yongjie Liu, Jun Peng, and Zhiwu Huang. "A Quasi-Optimal Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Vehicles Using Temporal Characteristic." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220253.
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For electric vehicles with supercapacitor and battery storage devices, it is a challenge to achieve real-time global energy optimization and extend the battery lifetime simultaneously. In this paper, a quasi-optimal strategy to allocate energy by combining dynamic programming with long short term memory (LSTM) network is proposed for a semi-active battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system. In this work, the cost function of the vehicle operating cost is constructed, including battery degradation and energy consumption. The optimal current reference is determined by solving the optimization problem by dynamic programming algorithm. According to the result of the solution, we construct the corresponding training data set for LSTM training. The trained LSTM generates the quasi-optimal solution for the SC decision, which is utilized to distribute the load power afterward. Simulation on UDDS data set illustrates that the designed strategy can improve the energy efficiency and extend the battery lifetime while guaranteeing the SC SoC constraints.
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Whitehead, Anne. "Empathy and the Geopolitical." In Medicine and Empathy in Contemporary British Fiction, 125–56. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748686186.003.0005.
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This chapter focuses on medicine and empathy in the context of global capitalism. It argues that our affective interactions are necessarily embedded in, and inflected by, structural and material relations of power. Empathy emerges as an affect that follows existing routes of privilege. The first section, ‘Medical migrations’, analyses current debates about the relation of medical migration to inequalities in world health and traces the circuits by and through which medical resource is distributed. Turning to Aminatta Forna’s The Memory of Love, it is argued that Forna pays detailed attention to the unevenness of the global economics of medical resource, with specific reference to Sierra Leone. In the second section, Forna’s protagonist Adrian Lockheart is used to open up the question of how affect circulates, and where it sticks, in the novel and discusses Adrian’s empathetic misrecognition in the treatments of his patients in Sierra Leone. The final section asks whether change is possible in the novel, drawing out the significance of the novel’s double time frame to suggest that the unfulfilled political promise of the past can shape the future.
Conference papers on the topic "Distributed power trains"
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Garshasbi, Hamid, and Abdullah Mahmoudi. "A Novel Method for Power Generation Using Trains." In 2019 Iranian Conference on Renewable Energy & Distributed Generation (ICREDG). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icredg47187.2019.9218487.
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Cantone, Luciano. "Application of UIC 421 procedure to Freight Trains fitted with a Distribute Power System." In EuroBrake 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/1225127eb2021-ibc-011.
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Within the Innovative Programme 5 (IP5) of Shift 2 Rail (S2R) initiative (“Moving European Railway Forward”), The Open Call Project, Marathon2Operation (M2O), has cooperated with the FR8RAIL II Project to demonstrate the feasibility of freight trains equipped with Distributed Power System (DPS), using wireless communication to control the Traction Units (TUs). At this aim, the TrainDy software has been used as computational tool for Longitudinal Train Dynamics (LTD) and the Leaflet UIC 421 was applied as methodology in order to compare simulation results. The TrainDy software is considered the state-of-the-art tool for LTD computation by major European Railway Undertakings and the Leaflet UIC 421 provides a statistical methodology to accept new or modified operational scenarios for freight trains, which are beyond current regulations in terms of hauled mass and/or train length. The basic idea of UIC 421 is the “relative approach”, even if it does not discard the “absolute approach”. In short, the “relative approach” considers a train acceptable for regular operation if the risk level of the train is lower than the risk level of trains already in service; “the absolute approach” considers a train acceptable for regular operation if in-train forces are lower than (reliably) computed or measured admissible in-train forces. Since the cooperation among M2O and FR8RAIL II was based on the “relative approach”, only this approach will be discussed in this paper. The computation of in-train forces is crucial for new train consists to avoid derailment or disruption.</p><p>The paper shows the application of the relative approach in a particular way: the same trains (randomly generated) are simulated with and without the DPS system, considering different train operations and assuming communication among the TUs successful or not. In this way, the effects on in-train forces of DPS and wireless communication are immediately emphasized.</p><p>This paper reports the comparison between experimental measurements and TrainDy simulations and a series of analyses performed to compare the LTD of reference train against DPS train on level track, but also on up/down hill. The interesting conclusion that comes from this study is that the comparison among the reference and DPS trains does not depend on the track gradient, but rather on the train operations. Of course, the track gradient, especially when it is as steep as the one considered in this analysis, has a considerable effect on in-train forces as well as the exact train configuration (i.e., the wagon order within the train). </p><p>This paper could be used as guideline for similar analyses about in-train forces of new types of trainsets, e.g., implementing a new technology as radio DPS.
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Aronian, Abe, Kim Wachs, Michelle Jamieson, Karen Carriere, and Edward W. Gaughan. "Testing and Validation of Long Trains Under High Flow and Gradient Conditions." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74036.
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The need to extend train lengths has been a primary business target of the railway industry, due to its obvious benefits. However, winter train operating conditions, excessive in-train slack action, deterioration of air brake signal propagation and the added stress on infrastructure and equipment has naturally kept the average train lengths at bay. The introduction of advanced equipment, new concepts and strategies have now enabled Canadian Pacific to change this mindset. Long Train make up is now very possible, taking into account the Distributed Power configuration. Making a very long train resemble a series of short trains coupled together, each with its own locomotives, synchronously connected to the Lead unit’s commands, makes such trains very safe and efficient. Extensive Field Testing and Train Simulation work done over the last two years at CP has shown that with the use of Multiple Remote Locomotive set-up, it is in fact very possible to safely contemplate extending the limits of today’s maximum allowed 60 CFM of total train air flow, into uncharted territory, possibly approaching a total of 90 CFM. CP has pursued to implement on a permanent basis, operating instructions that would permit Multiple Distributed Power trains to depart from a train brake test location with combined air flow of up to 90 CFM, provided the flow at each DP locomotive consist is not greater than 60 CFM and train length sections between locomotives are not exceeded. This paper investigates the operation of Distributed Power trains at higher levels of air flow and, through detail field testing and evaluation techniques, substantiates the validity of extending the safety limits of train leakage and gradient for such trains.
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Gao, Shigen, Hairong Dong, Bin Ning, and Yidong Li. "Adaptive fault-tolerant control of power-distributed trains with partial ineffective and loss-effective actuators." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation (ICIA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2016.7831864.
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Renze, Kevin J. "On Railroad Tank Car Emergency Braking Performance." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2245.
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Crude oil and ethanol unit train derailments sometimes result in the release of large volumes of flammable liquids which ignite and endanger the safety of persons, property, and the environment. Current methods to reduce the probability and mitigate the consequences of High-Hazard Flammable Train (HHFT) derailments include operational speed constraints, enhanced tank car design/build requirements, improved car and track inspection and maintenance, and use of advanced braking systems. The train brake system can dissipate more energy in a derailment scenario if the brake signal propagation rate is increased, the brake force against the wheel tread is increased, or a combined approach is used. This paper describes a simplified energy conservation model used to determine the emergency braking stopping distance and energy dissipation benefits available for three advanced train braking systems. A 3×3 matrix of brake configurations was defined by three brake signal propagation rates and three car net braking ratio (NBR) values. The brake signal propagation rate was modeled for trains with conventional head-end locomotive power, pneumatic car braking, and no two-way end-of-train device (CONV); locomotive distributed power with pneumatic car braking (trailing DP); and locomotive power with electronically-controlled pneumatic (ECP) braking. Car NBR values of 10, 12.8, and 14 percent were selected to reflect the expected brake force range available from older equipment in the existing tank car fleet (10% NBR) to the maximum acceptable value for new or rebuilt cars (14% NBR). Various in-train emergency brake application scenarios for loaded unit trains were modeled while accounting for the gross effects of derailment/collision blockage forces. Empirical data from four trailing distributed power train derailment events were used to estimate an average derailment/collision blockage force (ADF) and simulate the trailing consist braking performance. The ADF results were subsequently used in a more general tank car unit train parametric study to evaluate the effects of train speed, track grade, and in-train derailment position for each brake configuration in the matrix. The simplified energy conservation model was used to 1) quantify the number of trailing consist cars expected to stop short of the derailment location and 2) compare the car-by-car energy state of each car in the trailing consist that was calculated to reach the derailment location. Results for the empirical and parametric study cases are compared graphically and observations are discussed relative to two assumed baseline brake configurations.
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Kashyup, S. K., Avijit Chakraborty, and Dannish Siingh. "Distributed Power Wireless Control System for Long Haul Freight Trains Powered by Electric Locomotives in Indian Railways -Challenges and Implementation." In 2022 IEEE Delhi Section Conference (DELCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/delcon54057.2022.9753180.
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Zuo, Jianyong, Jie Yu, Cheng Liu, Yihao Gu, Lei Zuo, Yu Pan, and Teng Lin. "Field Test and Characteristic Analysis of Railroad Track Vibration Energy Harvester." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98273.
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Abstract Railroad vibration energy harvester has been researched and developed to harness the energy from the vibration of railway track when the trains pass. The vibrational energy could be transformed into electrical energy using mechanical motion rectification (MMR) mechanism and then further be used to power trackside equipment including sensors and some smart electrical devices. In order to test the performance of the MMR railroad energy harvesting system, a series of infield tests were conducted with a self-developed distributed measurement system in Railroad Test Lab at Tongji University. A 10V peak voltage was achieved with 8 Ohms external resistive load at the train speed of 30 km/h, which was consistent with the result of in-lab bench tests. In addition, some experience of design and installation for the motioned based energy harvesting system was gained, which can provide some references for the future improvement of railroad energy harvesting systems.
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Iden, Michael E. "U.S. Freight Rail Fuel Efficiency: 1920-2015 Review and Discussion of Future Trends." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1296.
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U.S. freight railroads produce about 40 percent of freight gross ton-miles while consuming only about 1/20th of the total U.S. diesel fuel1. Compared to heavy-duty trucks, freight railroads have significant energy (and emissions) advantages including the low coefficient of friction of steel wheel-on-rail (compared to rubber tires-on-pavement) and multiple-vehicle trains. However, improved heavy-duty truck technologies are being federally-funded and developed which may create some challenges to freight rail’s long-standing environmental (and economic) advantage in certain transportation markets and corridors. This paper reviews U.S. freight rail fuel efficiency (measured in gallons of fuel per thousand gross ton-miles) from 1920 to 2015, using published records from the former Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) archived and made available by the Association of American Railroads (AAR). All freight locomotive energy consumption (all types of coal, crude oil, electricity kilowatt-hours and diesel fuel) are converted into approximations of diesel gallons equivalent based on the nominal energy content of each locomotive energy type, in order to show the effect of transitioning from steam propulsion to diesel-electric prior to 1960 and the application of other new technologies after World War II. Gross ton-miles (rail transportation work performed) will similarly be tracked from historic ICC and AAR records. Annual U.S. freight rail fuel efficiency is calculated and plotted by dividing total calculated diesel gallons equivalent (DGe) consumed by gross (and by lading-only net) ton-miles produced. New technologies introduced since 1950 which have likely contributed to improvements in freight rail fuel efficiency (such as introduction of unit coal trains, distributed power, alternating current locomotives, etc) will also be discussed and assessed as to relative contribution to fuel efficiency improvements. The paper includes a discussion about U.S. freight rail fuel efficiency compared to heavy-duty truck fuel efficiency, with comments on projected improvements in heavy-duty truck technologies and fuel efficiency. A conclusion is that U.S. freight railroads and equipment suppliers need to be more aware of projected heavy-duty truck fuel efficiency improvements and their potential for erosion of some aspects of traditional railroad competitiveness. Numerous suggested action plans are discussed, with particular focus on reducing the aerodynamic drag (a delta velocity-squared factor in train resistance and power requirement) of double-stack container trains. Last, this paper discusses possible courses of action for U.S. freight railroads to achieve fuel efficiency improvements greater than the historic ∼1 percent improvement achieved over the past 50 years. If freight rail is to remain economically competitive vis a vis heavy duty trucking, railroads will have to identify, evaluate and implement new technologies and/or new operating practices which can help them achieve fuel efficiency improvements matching (or exceeding) those projected for heavy trucks over the next 7-to-12 years. A specific example for improving fuel efficiency of double-stack container trains is discussed. Failure to address the future of freight rail fuel efficiency is likely not an option for U.S. railroads.
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Nagode, C., M. Ahmadian, and S. Taheri. "Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting Systems for On-Board Applications." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56107.
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Currently, the onboard applications of many electronic devices that could benefit rail operation are hindered by the lack of availability of electrical power in freight cars. Although the locomotives, of course, have available sources of power, the freight cars usually don’t have any. The systems presented in this paper are meant to provide a solution for distributed power in freight trains. Although ideas like Timken’s generator roller bearing or solar panels exist, the railroads have been slow in adopting them for different reasons, including cost, difficulty of implementation, or limited capabilities. The solutions presented in this paper are vibration-based electromechanical energy harvesting systems. With size and shape similar to conventional shock absorbers, these devices are designed to be placed in parallel with the suspension elements, possibility inside the coil spring, maximizing underutilized space. As the train goes down the track, the suspension will accommodate the imperfections and its relative displacement will be used as the input for the harvesting systems. The first prototype generation used a linear generator, with the advantage of no need for a mechanical transformation of the input. They have proven that they could work but present some limitations in terms of power and efficiency. The second generation of prototypes is built around a rotating generator. The linear input motion is transformed into rotation by a ball screw. The possibility of including a gearbox to increase the speed is the key to greatly improve performances. The latest built prototype has shown during lab tests that it is capable of providing up to 75WRMS with displacements and velocities that resemble the relative motion across a vehicle suspension.
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Wu, Qing, Wei Wei, Bin Ji, and Weihua Ma. "System Dynamics of Distributed-Power Train under Failed Brake Communication." In First International Conference on Rail Transportation 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481257.007.
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