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Journal articles on the topic 'Distributed unit'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Udpa, S. S., L. L. Scharf, C. D. Knittle, and R. D. Finnegan. "Optical Distributed Arithmetic Unit." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 9, no. 2 (January 1989): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02286203.1989.11760069.

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2

Fiore, Stephen M., Haydee M. Cuevas, Eduardo Salas, and Jonathan W. Schooler. "Distributed Teams and Distributed Memory." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 3 (September 2002): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600339.

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The nature of teams is changing in that the implementation of distributed teams as a definable organizational unit has substantially increased. In this paper we discuss a portion of the cognitive processes potentially impacting distributed team performance. We elaborate on how team opacity arising from distributed interaction can impact team cognition, with an emphasis on the critical memory components that are foundational to the development and implementation of shared mental models.

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3

Tian, Zuo Xi, Feng Yu, and Zeng Wu Liu. "Designs for Synchronous Data Acquisition of a Distributed System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (December 2012): 869–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.869.

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To resolve the problem of acquiring multi sensors signals synchronously in a distributed system, a project of distributed synchronous data acquisition based network time server was designed. The system comprised multi distributed sensor units, a centralized control unit and D&C (display and control) center. Each sensor unit was equipped with a data acquisition module. All data from sensor units were concentrated and sent to the D&C center, and the D&C center implemented power supply and management of sensor units via the centralized control unit. To synchronize the data acquisition modules, a network time server was employed in the D&C center. It received standard time information from GPS and outputted the time signal with DCF77-encoding. Each data acquisition module received and decoded DCF77 time signal, obtaining absolute time and synchronizing its time base. Above project was applied successfully in a system comprising 20 distributed sensor units. The results prove the designs feasible.

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4

Dean, P. "Motor unit recruitment in a distributed model of extraocular muscle." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 2 (August 1, 1996): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.2.727.

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1. Eye position commands frequently are treated as a lumped, single-valued variable that is related linearly to eye position. As a step toward investigating how system-level linearity might be achieved despite nonlinear components, a distributed model of motor units in the abducens nucleus and lateral rectus muscle was constructed. 2. Parameters in the model were estimated using data from three main sources: measurement of length-tension curves for eye muscle in people, electrophysiological recording of ocular motoneuron properties in monkeys, and investigations of oculomotor unit properties in cat. Units (n = 100) in the distributed model were assigned equal strengths and for a given fixation command, the force developed by each unit was calculated, and the sum of unit forces compared with the active force in the entire muscle as measured experimentally. 3. The properties of the active units then were adjusted to reduce the size of any resultant error in a manner related to gradient descent methods for neural-net training. Distributed models were "trained" in this fashion for a series of eye positions drawn at random from the oculomotor range until performance stabilized. The goal of the training procedure was to obtain a good match between the output of the model and the experimental data on muscle force as a function of eye position. 4. Plots of trained motor-unit strength against ocular motoneuron threshold revealed a U-shaped pattern with the strongest units being recruited at both extremes of the oculomotor range and the weakest units recruited in the middle. The pattern remained unaltered qualitatively over a range of assumptions about the distribution of ocular motoneuron parameters and the relation between motoneuron firing rate and unit force. 5. The right-hand limb of the U-shaped pattern is similar to that observed in spinal motoneurons, where stronger units tend to have higher recruitment thresholds. The left-hand limb may reflect the two specializations of eye muscle: the functional need for very precise control of eye position in the middle of the oculomotor range and the use of multiply innervated muscle fibers to provide ripple-free control of eye position at low firing frequencies.

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5

Gronn, Peter. "Distributed leadership as a unit of analysis." Leadership Quarterly 13, no. 4 (August 2002): 423–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1048-9843(02)00120-0.

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6

Barbeau, Michel, Prosenjit Bose, Paz Carmi, Mathieu Couture, and Evangelos Kranakis. "Location-Oblivious Distributed Unit Disk Graph Coloring." Algorithmica 60, no. 2 (September 15, 2009): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00453-009-9334-z.

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7

Chen, Bin, and You-Bai Xie. "A function unit integrating approach for the conceptual design synthesis in the distributed resource environment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, no. 5 (February 1, 2017): 759–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217692008.

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With the help of the well-developed Internet technologies, designers can obtain numerous resources distributed all over the world. These resources actually construct the distributed resource environment. If this environment can be fully considered and applied during the key and starting phase of the product design, the conceptual design synthesis, the design efficiency will be largely promoted and the design product will have better quality, innovation, and competition. Therefore, a function unit integrating approach was proposed for the conceptual design synthesis in the distributed resource environment. This approach is based on the integration of function units which represent the resources in the distributed resource environment. With the proposed computer algorithm, these function units can be firstly connected up into appropriate function unit chains and, then, improved into the final function unit set as the result of the conceptual design synthesis. Based on this approach, a computer program called function unit integrating system was established. And finally, the design process of a friction testing machine was completed by function unit integrating system as an illustrative case.

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8

Cho, Younghyun, Bernard A. Engel, and Venkatesh M. Merwade. "A spatially distributed Clark’s unit hydrograph based hybrid hydrologic model (Distributed-Clark)." Hydrological Sciences Journal 63, no. 10 (July 27, 2018): 1519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2018.1516042.

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9

Del Prete, S., A. Delle Femine, D. Gallo, C. Landi, and M. Luiso. "Implementation of a distributed Stand Alone Merging Unit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1065 (August 2018): 052042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1065/5/052042.

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10

Miyamoto, Toshiyuki, Kazuyuki Mori, Shoichi Kitamura, and Yoshio Izui. "Solving Distributed Unit Commitment Problem With Walrasian Auction." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 46, no. 8 (August 2016): 1088–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2015.2468197.

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11

Goñi, Mikel, J. Javier López, and Faustino N. Gimena. "Geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph model with distributed rainfall." CATENA 172 (January 2019): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.08.010.

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12

Pande, V. N., H. K. Verma, and P. Mukhopadhyay. "Multitask coronary care unit—a distributed processing approach." Journal of Microcomputer Applications 8, no. 4 (October 1985): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0745-7138(85)90032-6.

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13

MUZIK, I. "FLOOD MODELLING WITH GIS-DERIVED DISTRIBUTED UNIT HYDROGRAPHS." Hydrological Processes 10, no. 10 (January 1996): 1401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199610)10:10<1401::aid-hyp469>3.0.co;2-3.

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14

Yamasaki, Nobuyuki. "Responsive Multithreaded Processor for Distributed Real-Time Systems." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 17, no. 2 (April 20, 2005): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2005.p0130.

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The Responsive MultiThreaded (RMT) Processor is a system LSI that integrates almost all functions for parallel/distributed real-time systems including robots, intelligent rooms/buildings, ubiquitous computing systems, and amusement systems. Concretely, the RMT Processor integrates real-time processing (RMT Processing Unit), real-time communication (Responsive Link II), computer I/O peripherals (DDR SDRAM I/Fs, DMAC, PCI-X, USB2.0, IEEE1394, etc.), and control I/O peripherals (PWM generators, pulse counters, etc.). The RMT Processor, with a design rule of 0.13<I>μ</I>m CMOS Cu 1P8M and a die size 10.0mm square, was fabricated by TSMC. The RMT Processing Unit (RMT PU) executes eight prioritized threads simultaneously using fine-grained multithreading based on priority, called the RMT architecture. Priority of real-time systems is introduced into all functional units, including cache, fetch, and execution, so the RMT PU guarantees real-time execution of prioritized threads. If resource conflicts occur at functional units, higher priority threads overtake lower priority threads. Flexible powerful vector operation units for multimedia processing are also designed. System designers use on-chip functions easily by connecting required I/Os to this chip and the designers realize distributed control by connecting several RMT Processors with their own functions via Responsive Link II.

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15

Khlyupin, P. A. "Electric energy storage units for distributed energy systems." Power and Autonomous equipment 2, no. 4 (January 24, 2020): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32464/2618-8716-2019-2-4-219-230.

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Introduction: there is much concern about power supply to small and remote villages and industrial facilities, such as crude oil and gas fields, in the present-day power industry. Systems using renewable energy sources are the most innovative solutions to this problem. The need for electric energy storage units complicates the use of renewable energy sources. Versatile types of storage units, working on different principles, are in use now. Flywheels, working on the principle of mechanical accumulation of energy, are of particular interest.Methods: both traditional and advanced designs of electric energy accumulation systems are analyzed in the article. Recent advancements in machine building, power engineering and structural materials are contributed into structural elements of an electric energy accumulation system.Results and discussion: basic strengths and weaknesses of electric energy storage units were identified in the course of the analysis. The author substantiated the need for new effective electric energy storage units working on the principle of mechanical accumulation of potential and kinetic energy. The conclusion is that advanced engineering solutions, such as flywheels and energy efficient reversible electric machines, can boost the efficiency of electric power storage systems. The solution underlying the design of an energy efficient storage unit is offered to electric power industry players.Conclusion: the storage unit under development has flywheels and energy efficient reversible electric machines. It improves the energy efficiency of both classical power generation systems and those using renewable energy sources.

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16

Kokaji, Shigeru, Satoshi Murata, Haruhisa Kurokawa, and Kohji Tomita. "Clock Synchronization Mechanisms for a Distributed Autonomous System." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 8, no. 5 (October 20, 1996): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1996.p0427.

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A self-organizing mechanical system is currently developed at the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory. The system is composed of many mechanical units and in order to generate cooperative motion, it is required to establish common clock timing. In this paper, two algorithms are proposed to establish the common clock without being trapped in a deadlock condition. The algorithms work in the situation that all units follow the same procedure and neighbor-neighbor communication is possible. The operation of the units is analyzed with a physical spring damper model and it is concluded that with these algorithms the common clock timing can be established if parameters are chosen correctly in each unit.

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17

Smits, E., P. K. Rose, T. Gordon, and F. J. Richmond. "Organization of single motor units in feline sartorius." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 1885–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.4.1885.

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1. We depleted single motor units in feline sartorius muscles of glycogen by stimulating their motoneurons intracellularly. We mapped the intramuscular distribution of depleted fibers by inspecting histological cross-sections throughout the length of sartorius. 2. We selected ten depleted motor units for detailed study and quantitative analysis. Nine motor units were located in the anterior head of sartorius. One was located in a muscle whose distal half appeared to have been damaged some time before the acute experiment. A single motor unit was located in the medial head of sartorius. 3. Five motor units were composed of fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) muscle fibers, two of fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) muscle fibers, and three of slow-twitch oxidative (SO) muscle fibers. Estimates of the numbers of depleted fibers in motor units of anterior sartorius indicated that FG motor units were larger (mean 566 fibers) than FOG and SO motor units (SO mean 190, FOG mean 156 fibers). The SO motor unit in the damaged muscle had 550 fibers. One motor unit depleted in the medial head of sartorius had 270 fibers with FG profiles. 4. Muscle fibers belonging to each anterior motor unit were never distributed throughout the whole cross-section of anterior sartorius at any proximodistal level. Furthermore, fibers were distributed nonuniformly along the proximodistal axis of the muscle. In most muscles at least a few depleted fibers were found at all proximodistal levels. However, in one normal muscle and the damaged muscle, depleted fibers were confined to the proximal end. 5. The fibers in the medial motor unit were confined to a strip that did not extend across the whole cross-section of the muscle head. Fibers within this strip were scattered quite evenly from origin to insertion. This medial FG motor unit occupied a smaller territory and contained fewer fibers than anterior motor units of the same histochemical type. 6. These results show that sartorius motor units are not distributed uniformly in the mediolateral plane; those in anterior sartorius were distributed asymmetrically in the proximodistal axis as well. This finding has important functional implications for the way in which we model force development and transmission in sartorius and other long muscles.

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18

Zeng, Zheng, Huan Yang, Josep M. Guerrero, and Rongxiang Zhao. "Multi‐functional distributed generation unit for power quality enhancement." IET Power Electronics 8, no. 3 (March 2015): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2013.0954.

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19

Dai, Min, Mohammad Nanda Marwali, Jin-Woo Jung, and Ali Keyhani. "Power Flow Control of a Single Distributed Generation Unit." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 23, no. 1 (January 2008): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2007.911815.

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20

Govardhan, Manisha, and Ranjit Roy. "Economic analysis of unit commitment with distributed energy resources." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 71 (October 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.01.028.

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21

MAIDMENT, D. R., F. OLIVERA, A. CALVER, A. EATHERALL, and W. FRACZEK. "UNIT HYDROGRAPH DERIVED FROM A SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED VELOCITY FIELD." Hydrological Processes 10, no. 6 (June 1996): 831–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(199606)10:6<831::aid-hyp374>3.0.co;2-n.

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22

Bartlett, H., and R. Whalley. "Distributed rotor dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 212, no. 4 (June 1, 1998): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0959651981539442.

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The modelling, simulation and analysis of powered rotors with ‘long’ thin shells is investigated. General results enabling the prediction of the torsional vibrational signature of high-speed assemblies under acceleration or braking conditions are outlined. It is demonstrated that simulated response characteristics can be easily obtained and the effect of varying the rotor geometry can be routinely accommodated. Finally, a rotor for a high-speed paper manufacturing unit is investigated and the torsional behaviour of the assembly is computed. The volatile transient conditions presented are commented upon.

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23

Lv, Jiechao, Xiaoli Wang, Guishuo Wang, and Yuhou Song. "Research on Control Strategy of Isolated DC Microgrid Based on SOC of Energy Storage System." Electronics 10, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10070834.

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With the rapid development of renewable energy technologies, islanded DC microgrids have received extensive attention in the field of distributed power generation due to their plug-and-play, flexible operation modes and convenient power conversion, and are likely to be one of the mainstream structures of microgrids in the future. The islanded DC microgrid contains multiple distributed power generation units. The battery energy storage system (BESS) is the main controlled unit used to smooth power fluctuations. The main parameter of concern is the state of charge (SOC). In order to maintain the stability of the microgrid, this paper takes the islanded DC microgrid as the research object and designs a control strategy based on the SOC of the BESS. Additionally, in the control strategy, the BESS’s energy balance control strategy and the microgrid’s operation control strategy are emphatically designed. The designed BESS control strategy adjusts the droop coefficient in real time according to the SOC of the battery energy storage unit (BESU), and controls the charge and discharge power of the BESU to achieve the SOC balance among the BESUs. The microgrid operation control strategy takes the energy storage system (ESS) as the main controlled unit to suppress power fluctuations, and distributes the power of distributed power sources according to the SOC of the BESS to achieve power balance in the microgrid, and control the DC bus voltage fluctuation deviation within 4.5%.

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24

Bansal, Manoj Kumar, Pratibha Garg, Neha Gupta, and Mohini Agarwal. "Optimal Placement of Renewable Energy based Distributed Generation Units using MCDM Technique." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 6, no. 4 (July 18, 2021): 1199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2021.6.4.072.

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The distribution of electricity has become a challenge as there are losses associated with its distribution and transmission. In reducing such losses employment of Distributed Generation units in the transmission network can benefit greatly. Thus, the concern is on the optimal placement of Distributed Generation units that can provide maximum benefits and optimize several conflicting attributes. In this paper, the emphasis is laid on determining an optimal location for the placement of a Distributed Generation unit under conflicting attributes such as losses, real and reactive power, and voltages at different buses. For this purpose, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to best Solution a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making technique, and Fuzzy TOPSIS technique have been employed for determining the optimal placement of 10 MW Distributed Generation unit at the IEEE 20 Bus System. The results obtained can significantly benefit in reducing losses and greatly help in economical perspective as well.

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25

Selim, Shaimaa Abdul Salam Abdul Salam. "Integrating Sustainable Development Requirements into the Secondary Stage Chemistry Curriculum in Egypt." Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability 21, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2019-0022.

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Abstract The problem of the current research lies in the need to integrate some requirements of the sustainable development (SD) in secondary school chemistry curriculum. The research specifically seeks to answer the following question: What “requirements of sustainable development” should be taught in the secondary school chemistry curriculum in Egypt? To that end, the researcher analyzed the content of chemistry curricula in the three grades of secondary education in Egypt for the school year 2017–2018, and prepared a list of 57 SD requirements. It should be noted that fifteen requirements of sustainable development at the second-grade secondary stage were distributed into five units; the third unit included one requirement; the fourth unit comprised four requirements; and the fifth unit – one requirement. Regarding curriculum at the third-grade secondary stage, 17 requirements of sustainable development were integrated and distributed along five units.

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26

Luna, Adriana C., Nelson Leonardo Diaz Aldana, and Eider Alexander Narvaez. "Optimal Coordination of Active Generators in a Grid-Connected Microgrid." Ingeniería e Investigación 40, no. 3 (September 17, 2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v40n3.82665.

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In a microgrid composed of distributed active generators based on renewable energy sources, with heterogeneous features and generation profiles, the availability of the energy resource, the energy reserve capacity, and the degradation of the storage unit, define the constraints for the management and dispatch of each active generator. This can result in sub-optimal use of distributed energy resources in comparison with the operation of a single generation unit. However, under the current trend oriented to distributed installations, the overall operation could be improved if an aggregated operation is considered within the management level. This paper proposes a coordinated operation of the storage units associated with distributed active generators for a hybrid grid-connected microgrid. In order to optimize the use of the active generators, including the equalization of the state of charge of the storage units, a mathematical model is proposed. This model tries to avoid uneven degradation of the storage units, and, consequently, enhance the reserve capacity and reduce the depth of discharge by achieving the operation of the distributed system as a unified system. The simulations are carried out in GAMS and MATLAB in order to validate the system’s operation. The results show a better performing grid-connected microgrid with the proposed approach.

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27

Rice, Amber, Andrew J. Fuglevand, Christopher M. Laine, and Ralph F. Fregosi. "Synchronization of presynaptic input to motor units of tongue, inspiratory intercostal, and diaphragm muscles." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 5 (May 2011): 2330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01078.2010.

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The respiratory central pattern generator distributes rhythmic excitatory input to phrenic, intercostal, and hypoglossal premotor neurons. The degree to which this input shapes motor neuron activity can vary across respiratory muscles and motor neuron pools. We evaluated the extent to which respiratory drive synchronizes the activation of motor unit pairs in tongue (genioglossus, hyoglossus) and chest-wall (diaphragm, external intercostals) muscles using coherence analysis. This is a frequency domain technique, which characterizes the frequency and relative strength of neural inputs that are common to each of the recorded motor units. We also examined coherence across the two tongue muscles, as our previous work shows that, despite being antagonists, they are strongly coactivated during the inspiratory phase, suggesting that excitatory input from the premotor neurons is distributed broadly throughout the hypoglossal motoneuron pool. All motor unit pairs showed highly correlated activity in the low-frequency range (1–8 Hz), reflecting the fundamental respiratory frequency and its harmonics. Coherence of motor unit pairs recorded either within or across the tongue muscles was similar, consistent with broadly distributed premotor input to the hypoglossal motoneuron pool. Interestingly, motor units from diaphragm and external intercostal muscles showed significantly higher coherence across the 10–20-Hz bandwidth than tongue-muscle units. We propose that the lower coherence in tongue-muscle motor units over this range reflects a larger constellation of presynaptic inputs, which collectively lead to a reduction in the coherence between hypoglossal motoneurons in this frequency band. This, in turn, may reflect the relative simplicity of the respiratory drive to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, compared with the greater diversity of functions fulfilled by muscles of the tongue.

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28

Piepenbrink, James, Patricia Covelle, Patricia Doyan, William Purtell, and Joseph Ciccolo. "Case Study: Distributed Critical Alarms in a Coronary Care Unit." Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 41, no. 5 (September 2007): 370–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205(2007)41[370:csdcai]2.0.co;2.

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29

Vrečko, Gregor, Zmago Brezočnik, Tatjana Kapus, Bogomir Horvat, and Andrej Duh. "Microcomputer unit for control of distributed devices over computer networks." Journal of Systems Architecture 43, no. 1-5 (March 1997): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-7621(96)00105-1.

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30

Roysam, B., and A. K. Bhattacharjya. "Hierarchically structured unit-simplex transformations for parallel distributed optimization problems." IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 3, no. 1 (1992): 108–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/72.105423.

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31

Jallu, Ramesh K., Prajwal R. Prasad, and Gautam K. Das. "Distributed construction of connected dominating set in unit disk graphs." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 104 (June 2017): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2017.01.023.

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32

Takahashi, Hiroyuki. "On the distributed analog operational unit for self-maintenance artifacts." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2003.13 (2003): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2003.13.15.

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33

Kull, Daniel W., and Arlen D. Feldman. "Evolution of Clark's Unit Graph Method to Spatially Distributed Runoff." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 3, no. 1 (January 1998): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(1998)3:1(9).

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34

Yang, Ming-Sang, Daniel W. Kull, and Arlen D. Feldman. "Evolution of Clark's Unit Graph Method to Spatially Distributed Runoff." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 4, no. 1 (January 1999): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1084-0699(1999)4:1(89).

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35

Kargarian, Amin, Yong Fu, and Zuyi Li. "Distributed Security-Constrained Unit Commitment for Large-Scale Power Systems." IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 30, no. 4 (July 2015): 1925–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrs.2014.2360063.

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36

Guo, Cai Yun, and Hong Bin Wu. "Capacity Optimization of Energy Storage Unit in Distributed Generation System." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1116.

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The photovoltaic(PV) generation model and the wind power generation model are introduced in this paper. Taking the best economy and reliability of system operation as the objective functions and the system power balance and battery storage performance indices as the constraints, the optimal capacity of battery energy storage can be determined with the Tabu search algorithm. With the example system, the simulation results show that the proposed models and the algorithm are correct.

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37

Gandoy-Bernasconi, William, and Oscar Palacios-Velez. "Automatic cascade numbering of unit elements in distributed hydrological models." Journal of Hydrology 112, no. 3-4 (January 1990): 375–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90024-r.

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38

Chikkani, Rajyalakshmi. "VLSI Implementation of Multiply and Accumulate Unit Using Distributed Arithmetic." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 13, no. 15 (December 25, 2020): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/13.15/37.

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39

Chamran, Mohammad Kazem, Kok-Lim Alvin Yau, Rafidah M. D. Noor, and Richard Wong. "A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010018.

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This paper demonstrates the use of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), together with Raspberry Pi3 B+ (RP3) as the brain (or the decision making engine), to develop a distributed wireless network in which nodes can communicate with other nodes independently and make decision autonomously. In other words, each USRP node (i.e., sensor) is embedded with separate processing units (i.e., RP3), which has not been investigated in the literature, so that each node can make independent decisions in a distributed manner. The proposed testbed in this paper is compared with the traditional distributed testbed, which has been widely used in the literature. In the traditional distributed testbed, there is a single processing unit (i.e., a personal computer) that makes decisions in a centralized manner, and each node (i.e., USRP) is connected to the processing unit via a switch. The single processing unit exchanges control messages with nodes via the switch, while the nodes exchange data packets among themselves using a wireless medium in a distributed manner. The main disadvantage of the traditional testbed is that, despite the network being distributed in nature, decisions are made in a centralized manner. Hence, the response delay of the control message exchange is always neglected. The use of such testbed is mainly due to the limited hardware and monetary cost to acquire a separate processing unit for each node. The experiment in our testbed has shown the increase of end-to-end delay and decrease of packet delivery ratio due to software and hardware delays. The observed multihop transmission is performed using device-to-device (D2D) communication, which has been enabled in 5G. Therefore, nodes can either communicate with other nodes via: (a) a direct communication with the base station at the macrocell, which helps to improve network performance; or (b) D2D that improve spectrum efficiency, whereby traffic is offloaded from macrocell to small cells. Our testbed is the first of its kind in this scale, and it uses RP3 as the distributed decision-making engine incorporated into the USRP/GNU radio platform. This work provides an insight to the development of a 5G network.

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Keen, Douglas A., and Andrew J. Fuglevand. "Common Input to Motor Neurons Innervating the Same and Different Compartments of the Human Extensor Digitorum Muscle." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 1 (January 2004): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00650.2003.

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Short-term synchronization of active motor units has been attributed in part to last-order divergent projections that provide common synaptic input across motor neurons. The extent of synchrony thus allows insight as to how the inputs to motor neurons are distributed. Our particular interest relates to the organization of extrinsic finger muscles that give rise distally to multiple tendons, which insert onto all the fingers. For example, extensor digitorum (ED) is a multi-compartment muscle that extends digits 2–5. Given the unique architecture of ED, it is unclear if synaptic inputs are broadly distributed across the entire pool of motor neurons innervating ED or segregated to supply subsets of motor neurons innervating different compartments. Therefore the purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of motor-unit synchrony both within and across compartments of ED. One hundred and forty-five different motor-unit pairs were recorded in the human ED of nine subjects during weak voluntary contractions. Cross-correlation histograms were generated for all of the motor-unit pairs and the degree of synchronization between two units was assessed using the index of common input strength (CIS). The degree of synchrony for motor-unit pairs within the same compartment (CIS = 0.7 ± 0.3; mean ± SD) was significantly greater than for motor-unit pairs in different compartments (CIS = 0.4 ± 0.22). Consequently, last-order synaptic projections are not distributed uniformly across the entire pool of motor neurons innervating ED but are segregated to supply subsets of motor neurons innervating different compartments.

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Orel, Egor Olegovich, Vladimir Nikolaevich Anosov, and Vladimir Mikhaylovich Kaveshnikov. "Subsynchronous Resonance in Independent Energo with Distributed Semiconductoring Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 792 (September 2015): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.792.215.

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A subsynchronous eleсtromechanical resonance in autonomous power systems is caused by the coincidence of the natural frequency of power network and one of the natural frequencies of turbogenerator unit in the electrical power plant. The occurrence and development of subsynchronous resonance causes subsynchronous oscillations of generators rotors, which are dangerous for shaft elements of turbogenerator units. Besides that, load angle oscillations having small amplitude under frequencies of 10-15 Hz create radial vibrations in bearing supports of turbogenerator units. The vibrations cause the emergency disconnection by vibration protection. In this paper the feature of subsynchronous resonance development in autonomous power system is present in the load power uncontrolled asynchronous motors and a large amount of similar frequency-controlled asynchronous various power drives through numerical simulations are discussed.

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Shi, Zhong Jin, Bing Xu, Bao Guo Zheng, and Xue Han Zhu. "The Energy-Saving Control of Combined Multi-Unit for Building Automatic System in the Subway." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 3597–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.3597.

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Multi-unit operation in building automatic system (BAS) is an important part for the equipment operation; it is essentially a distributed multi agent system (MAS). In this paper, Petri net is adopted to establish the control model about the equipment operation in BAS, know the operating characteristics and start-stop conditions of energy consumption equipment in the rail which are in under different circumstances. Based on the analysis of BAS and the theory of distributed intelligent systems, according to the actual environment and energy requirements, the start-stop arrays are selected dynamically as the basis for the units operating, and ultimately achieve energy-saving operation of multi-unit control purposes.

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Gupta, Amar, Satwik Seshasai, Ravi Aron, and Siddharth Pareek. "The 24-Hour Knowledge Factory." Information Resources Management Journal 23, no. 4 (October 2010): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/irmj.2010100103.

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The term “24-Hour Knowledge Factory” connotes a geographically dispersed team of workers in which members of the team work on endeavors on a continous basis. This work has five defining features: (i) the same body of work is processed sequentially and handed one unit to another; (ii) the handover of work is characterized by short cycle times and the frequency of handover is greater than in traditional offshore work; (iii) the functional units of the 24-Hour Knowledge Factory operate in a peer-to-peer relationship where each functional unit audits the work of other units; (iv) the knowledge transfer between the different work units and work history between units is effected through specialized mechanisms and a distributed human agency called the composite personae; and (v) the constituent units of the 24-Hour Knowledge Factory feature similar work capabilities, as opposed to the more traditional model of global teams where the distributed teams usually possess complementary work capabilities. The distributed units of the 24-Hour Knowledge Factory work on the same body of work and do very similar work; therefore, the units have nearly identical capabilities. The authors identify two sets of research issues surrounding this phenomenon that fall within the technical paradigm and the organizational paradigm of information systems.

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Abdul-majeed, Yousif Najeeb, Ahmad Abdullah Ramadhan, and Ahmed Jubiar Mahmood. "Petrophysical Properties and Well Log Interpretations of Tertiary Reservoir in Khabaz Oil Field / Northern Iraq." Journal of Engineering 26, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2020.06.02.

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The aim of this study is interpretation well logs to determine Petrophysical properties of tertiary reservoir in Khabaz oil field using IP software (V.3.5). The study consisted of seven wells which distributed in Khabaz oilfield. Tertiary reservoir composed from mainly several reservoir units. These units are : Jeribe, Unit (A), Unit (A'), Unit (B), Unit (BE), Unit (E),the Unit (B) considers best reservoir unit because it has good Petrophysical properties (low water saturation and high porous media ) with high existence of hydrocarbon in this unit. Several well logging tools such as Neutron, Density, and Sonic log were used to identify total porosity, secondary porosity, and effective porosity in tertiary reservoir. For Lithological identification for tertiary reservoir units using (NPHI-RHOB) cross plot composed of dolomitic-limestone and mineralogical identification using (M/N) cross plot consist of calcite and dolomite. Shale content was estimated less than (8%) for all wells in Khabaz field. CPI results were applied for all wells in Khabaz field which be clarified movable oil concentration in specific units are: Unit (B), Unit (A') , small interval of Jeribe formation , and upper part of Unit (EB).

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Novotný, Vít, Petr Sysel, Aleš Prokeš, Pavel Hanák, Karel Slavíček, and Jiří Přinosil. "Fiber Optic Based Distributed Mechanical Vibration Sensing." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 4779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144779.

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The distributed long-range sensing system, using the standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber for the distributed sensing of mechanical vibrations, is described. Various events generating vibrations, such as a walking or running person, moving car, train, and many other vibration sources, can be detected, localized, and classified. The sensor is based on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (ϕ-OTDR). Related sensing system components were designed and constructed, and the system was tested both in the laboratory and in the real deployment, with an 88 km telecom optical link, and the results are presented in this paper. A two-fiber sensor unit, with a double-sensing range was also designed, and its scheme is described. The unit was constructed and the initial measurement results are presented.

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Ma, Xue Fen, and Xu Dong Dai. "The Application of the Product Design Knowledge Classification System within a Distributed Knowledge Resources Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 1446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.1446.

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The design knowledge classification is the basis of knowledge search. The extended six-dimension design knowledge classification system mainly includes the extended discipline, product, application process dimension and resource unit, expression pattern, design domain dimension. In a distributed knowledge resources environment, the product design activities usually are participated by three roles, design entity, resource units and design knowledge resource register center. Based on this classification system, this paper analyzes in detail how it is used by these three roles to support the design knowledge search and puts forward to the resource unit and design resource register center knowledge classification model.

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Wang, Xi, and Gang Chen. "Optimal Placement of DG Unit in Distribution System." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 797–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.797.

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Interconnection of distributed generators (DG) has obvious impacts on line loss in distribution system and the effects depend on interconnected location, interconnected number and power injection of distributed generation. With discrete distribution model of constant power static load system accessing DG into consideration, establishes the line loss minimum as the objective function of the model and optimizes interconnected location, interconnected number and power injection of DG using a quantum inspired evolutionary algorithm. IEEE33 diffset results show that the application of the model and the quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm can get reasonable DG interconnected location and power injection, effectively reduce the distribution system line loss.

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Krawczyk, Henryk, Marcin Barylski, and Adam Barylski. "On Software Unit Testing for Improving Security and Performance of Distributed Applications." Key Engineering Materials 597 (December 2013): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.597.131.

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Performance and security are software (SW) application attributes situated on the opposite corners of system design. In the most drastic example the most secure component is the one totally isolated from the outside world, with communication performance reduced to zero level (e.g. disconnected physically from the network, placed inside a Faraday cage to eliminate possible wireless accessibility). On the other hand the most performance-optimized system is the one with all security rules taken off. Obviously such extreme implementations cannot be accepted, thus a reasonable trade-off between security and performance is desired, starting from the appropriate design, resulting in the adequate implementation, confirmed by security and performance testing in production environment. Unit testing (UT) is a well-know method of examining the smallest portion of SW application source code – units: methods, classes, interfaces in order to verify whether they behave as designed. Ideally, each UT test case is separated from others, taking advantage of stubs and mocks to provide full isolation from external test factors. This paper is an extension to research about joint security testing and performance testing for improving quality of distributed applications working in public-private network environments,addressing SW quality assessment at different, unit test level.

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Barbosa, Valmir C. "Information Integration from Distributed Threshold-Based Interactions." Complexity 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7046359.

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We consider distributed units that interact by message-passing. Each message carries a tag and causes the receiving unit to send out messages as a function of the tags it has received and a threshold. This simple model abstracts some of the essential characteristics of several artificial intelligence systems and of biological systems epitomized by the brain. We study the integration of information inside a temporal window as the dynamics unfolds. We quantify information integration by the total correlation, relative to the window’s duration, of a set of random variables valued as a function of message arrival. Total correlation refers to the rise of information gain above that which the units achieve individually, being therefore related to some models of consciousness. We report on extensive computational experiments exploring the interrelations of the model’s parameters (two probabilities and the threshold). We find that total correlation can occur at significant fractions of the maximum possible value and reinterpret the model’s parameters in terms of the current best estimates of some quantities pertaining to cortical structure and dynamics. We find the resulting possibilities to be well aligned with the time frames within which percepts are thought to be processed and eventually rendered conscious.

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Hill, Christopher I., Pericle Zanchetta, and Serhiy V. Bozhko. "Accelerated Electromechanical Modeling of a Distributed Internal Combustion Engine Generator Unit." Energies 5, no. 7 (July 6, 2012): 2232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en5072232.

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