Relevant bibliographies by topics / Distribution channels on the Internet

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Distribution channels on the Internet'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Distribution channels on the Internet"

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Ranchhod, Ashok, and Cãlin Gurãu. "Internet-Enabled Distribution Strategies." Journal of Information Technology 14, no. 4 (December 1999): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629901400403.

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This paper investigates the effects of the Internet on the structure of the classical marketing channels. The advantages offered by the Internet have determined many companies to adopt different models of Internet-enabled distribution strategy. The choice and the implementation of these strategies will be influenced, as in the case of any other marketing channel, by the characteristics of the company, of its clients, and of the traded products. On the basis of an empirical study of 500 Internet commercial sites, the present paper identifies the models of Internet-enabled distribution strategy implemented by the Web-active companies, and then verifies four hypotheses related to the factors that influence the choice and implementation of a particular strategy.
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Dewan, Rajiv, Marshall Freimer, and Abraham Seidmann. "Organizing Distribution Channels for Information Goods on the Internet." Management Science 46, no. 4 (April 2000): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.4.483.12053.

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Czetwertyński, Sławomir. "Informal distribution channels of cultural goods in the internet." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Studia Informatica 40 (2016): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/si.2016.40-01.

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Czetwertyński, Sławomir. "Informal distribution channels of cultural goods in the internet." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Studia Informatica 40 (2016): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/si.2016.40-02.

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Pitt, Leyland, Pierre Berthon, and Jean-Paul Berthon. "Changing channels: The impact of the internet on distribution strategy." Business Horizons 42, no. 2 (March 1999): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-6813(99)80005-6.

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Geyskens, Inge, Katrijn Gielens, and Marnik G. Dekimpe. "The Market Valuation of Internet Channel Additions." Journal of Marketing 66, no. 2 (April 2002): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.66.2.102.18478.

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The emergence of the Internet has pushed many established companies to explore this radically new distribution channel. Like all market discontinuities, the Internet creates opportunities as well as threats—it can be performance-enhancing as readily as it can be performance-destroying. Making use of event-study methodology, the authors assess the net impact of adding an Internet channel on a firm's stock market return, a measure of the change in expected future cash flows. The authors find that, on average, Internet channel investments are positive net-present-value investments. The authors then identify firm, introduction strategy, and marketplace characteristics that influence the direction and magnitude of the stock market reaction. The results indicate that powerful firms with a few direct channels are expected to achieve greater gains in financial performance than are less powerful firms with a broader direct channel offering. In terms of order of entry, early followers have a competitive advantage over both innovators and later followers, even when time of entry is controlled for. The authors also find that Internet channel additions that are supported by more publicity are perceived as having a higher performance potential.
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Utomo, Mohamad Nur. "Efektivitas Bisnis Berbasis Teknologi Internet Dalam Membangun Kinerja Kewirausahaan." BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) 11, no. 2 (April 23, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v11n2.p156-172.

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Entrepreneurial success will have an impact on economic growth. Entrepreneurship that integrates internet technology in its business activities will be able to improve business performance in the current digital economy era. This study aims to empirically examine the effect of internet technology-based business implementation on business performance. Internet technology-based business applications are measured by 5 indicators (online communication channels, online promotion channels, online supplier distribution channels, online sales channels, and online transaction channels). While business performance is measured by 5 indicators (profit growth, sales growth, capital growth, efficiency, and customer growth). The sample in this study was 100 UMKM in Tarakan city using the sample area probability sample method based on the sub-district area. Data analysis technique uses PLS-SEM method with WarpPls 6.0 application. The results showed that internet technology-based business implementation was able to encourage business performance improvement. The entrepreneur must be able to integrate its business operations with Internet-based technologies to create opportunities and facilitate building performance.Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Internet Technology, Online Business.
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Чилингир, Е., E. Chilingir, И. Мытько, and I. Myt'ko. "Media Communications on the Internet." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 7, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5bf52082bc86b5.43699338.

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The article describes the changes in the processes of formation of the news information picture of the readership at the beginning of the XXI century. The stages of development of media communications on the Internet, caused by the emergence of new information channels, have been identified. At the first stage, up to 2005, the actively developing online media formed the information field. After 2005, the blogosphere is added to the media, the informational picture begins to be influenced by the phenomenon of “people’s journalism”. After 2010, social networks are included in the distribution of media products. Since 2017, the distribution, and then the production of news content is moved to instant messengers.
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Huang, You Heng, and Qi Hong Wei. "Distribution Mode of Urban Renewable Resources Recycling Based on the Internet." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1636.

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The widely use of the Internet has greatly expanded the materials supply channels of the renewable resources. Online recycling has become an important way of the renewable resources in China. . The distribution mode of urban renewable resources recycling based on the Internet and also its associated conditions was put forward after comparing the distributed transaction mode of the renewable resources between the traditional recycling and online recycling.
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CONNOLLY, D., M. OLSEN, and R. MOORE. "The internet as a distribution channel." Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 39, no. 4 (August 1998): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-8804(98)80031-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distribution channels on the Internet"

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Andersson, Magus. "Distribution Channels for Internet Telephony." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-205.

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There are a great number of models and theories described by authors like Kotler & Armstrong (1996) and Hutt & Speh (1989) about distribution channels. However the models and theories are quite abstract and not branch specific.

The size of the Internet is growing in an incredible speed and new possibilities with the Internet are being invented every day. The new technologies make it possible to use the Internet in many different businesses (Statskontoret, 1997). One such business is the telecommunication business and the technique of Internet telephony.

With these both statements above I ask myself: How can Internet telephony be distributed?

The question is if existing distribution channels on the market are suitable for the Internet telephony products, and what channels must telecommunication companies use to be competitive on the new combined tele- and datacommunication market.

The purpose of this research is to contribute to an increasing knowledge in how Internet telephony can be distributed. Further the purpose is to identify and evaluate different options of distribution and find important factors that affect the choice and management of the distribution channel.

Because of a lack of information in literature describing distribution channels for Internet telephony products, I decided to do a qualitative study in order to get a hold of relevant information. Since I wanted to study a such new and specific area as distribution channels for Internet telephony products and as I wanted to have the possibility to come back with supplementary questions, I chose a case study with complementary interviews as my method.

This research has shown that there are a number of options to distribute Internet telephony products. There are also a number of intermediaries which are relatively new on the market and are not described in detail in any literature. New kinds of value- added resellers and system integrators with good competence are quite common on the tele- and datacommunication market today. They do not only resell products but also add value in form of hardware, software or service. When doing a choice of distribution channel both manufacturers and channel members want to have a close long term relationship. This can be done with common objectives and strategies or with partnerships in different forms. In evaluating a choice of distribution channel, criterias like cost, control and adaptivity, should be taken in concern. A multichannel or horizontal distribution approach is also quite common on the tele- and datacommunication market. Manufacturers need to use different channels to reach different customer segments. To manage a good relationship in a channel the manufacturer have to motivate, handle conflicts and support the channel members.

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Megdad, Abdulhai. "Internet and the design of international channels of distribution." Thesis, Kingston University, 2003. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20716/.

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Siu, Pui Leng. "Internet : a banking distribution channel." Thesis, University of Macau, 2003. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636770.

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Chang, Jen-Yun. "Impact of the internet as a direct sales channel on established distribution channels and the management of channel conflict : an exploratory study in the Taiwanese IT industry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5965.

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The internet has had a profound effect on communication, entertainment, buying, and selling (Webb 2002) and, in particular, as a distribution channel (Van den Poel and Leunis 1999). Increasingly companies in a variety of industries have established their own online direct sales channels instead of merely relying on conventional intermediaries (Coughlan et al 2006). Hence, multi-channel distribution strategies, combining both off- and online channels are being adopted. Frazier (1999:232) argues: “The utilization of multiple channels of distribution is now becoming the rule rather than the exception”. Companies which combine physical and web channels have been referred to as “clicks and mortar,” “bricks and clicks,” “surf and turf,” “cyber-enhanced retailing,” or “hybrid e-commerce,” (Gulati and Garino 2000; Steinfield et al 2002 a b; Agatz et al 2008; Sharma and Mehrotra 2007). Despite the apparent popularity of internet channels, adding an internet channel to the distribution mix creates potentially significant challenges for channel managers (Webb 2002). A major concern is that by going multi-channel, a firm might face ‘channel conflict’ between channel members (Sharma and Mehrotra 2007). As Rosenbloom (2007:7) claims: “Perhaps the most significant obstacle to building successful multi-channel strategies is the emergence of conflict between the different channels used for reaching customers”. The main objective in this study is to explore the impact of the internet as being a distribution channel within the multi-channel system. Three research issues which have seldom been discussed in previous literature are explored in this study. These three questions are: Q1: What are the factors encouraging manufacturers to develop the internet channel, especially manufacturers with a well established distribution channel? Q2: What are the channel design patterns of the multi-channel structure? Q3: How can channel conflict arising from the development of the internet channel be minimized? Interview was utilized as a main data collection method in this research. A total of 25 interviews were conducted and the majority of interviewees are managers in Taiwanese IT companies. The main product lines in their firms included wireless equipment, DRAM module, motherboard, and scanner. In addition, a wide range of documents were examined as a secondary data source and compared with data from the interviews. According to the statements from interviewees, six main factors were identified as encouraging the manufacturer to develop the internet channel. These are: (1) customer information management, (2) retailer management issue, (3) launching a new product, (4) to be a secondary channel, (5) management support, and (6) me-too strategy. Furthermore, it seems that when firms are at the different stages of the product life cycle, managers would design their multi-channel structure into different patterns. In addition, a further two conflict resolution styles, communication and differentiation, were found in the sample of firms studied which have seldom been mentioned in previous research and firms appear to adopt different conflict resolution styles according to stage in the product lifecycle.
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Veselý, Martin. "Rozbor způsobu prodeje letenek a souvisejících služeb." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15909.

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This diploma thesis analyzes distribution channels of flight tickets on the Internet and aspects related to this type of sale. Individual chapters deal with the historical background, role of e-commerce in the civil aviation industry, individual players engaged in the distribution of flight tickets on the Internet and the position of the online distribution. This thesis also analyzes modern services that are connected to the distribution of flight tickets, e.g. e-ticketing and new forms of check-in.
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Smith, Scott. "THE EFFECT OF INTERNET BOOKING ON THE CENTRAL FLORIDA LODGING MARKET O." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3661.

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This study reviews the effect of Internet bookings on the Central Florida lodging market over the past five years. As the number of lodging accommodations booked directly by the consumer over the Internet continues to increase, the ramifications brought about by this emerging distribution channel have not been fully investigated or interpreted. This study observes how Internet-enabled distribution channel bookings have trended in occupancy and average daily rate in the Central Florida lodging market in the past five years. Specifically the author segmented the survey respondents into the lodging product service categories of budget, moderate, upscale and luxury to analyze if there were any observable trends between the categories over the past five years. The author also segmented the respondents into the lodging geographic sub-categories of airport, downtown, suburban and resort/attractions area to determine if there were any observable trends between the sub-classifications over the past five years. Utilizing a descriptive approach, the author determined that each product service category and lodging sub-classification displayed continuous growth in Internet-enabled distribution channel bookings over the five-year period of 1999-2003. The author also observed that each product service category continuously represented a discounted Internet distribution channel rate over the five-year period of 1999-2003. This analysis suggests that lodging properties in the Central Florida market are discounting their Internet-enabled distribution channel rates in comparison to the property's overall average rate. At the same time, these properties appear to be increasing their Internet-enabled distribution channel bookings as a percentage of overall bookings.
M.S.
Other
Rosen College of Hospitality Management
Hospitality and Tourism Management
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Inácio, Nuno Miguel Martins Rodrigues. "O canal distribuição internet no arrendamento residencial de curta duração em Lisboa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7566.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação Imobiliária
Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o Canal Internet no Arrendamento Habitacional de Curta Duração, em Lisboa. Para tal usaram-se como métodos de investigação a observação empírica e o inquérito estruturado aos operadores deste tipo de arrendamento. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos operadores não tem estrutura profissional associada e se dedica a esta atividade em "part-time", sobretudo com um único imóvel. Os sites a que mais recorrem são o Homeaway, AirBnb e Flipkey, recaindo a preferência da maioria no AirBnb logo seguida pelo Homeaway. O site próprio é também muito valorizado por todos. A razão das suas preferências prende-se principalmente com a reputação do site, disponibilidade de software para dispositivos móveis, e valor dos arrendamentos efectivados. A quase totalidade da promoção é feita unicamente pela Internet, onde é também feito o maior investimento em marketing. Os operadores que usam simultaneamente outros canais, optam primordialmente pelas agências de viagens, e obtêm as maiores receitas através da Internet, secundadas pelas obtidas através das instituições de apoio ao turismo.
This document undertakes the goal of better understanding, through the suppliers' perspective, the Internet as a sales channel for the Short Term Rental market in the Lisbon area, For this purpose, we used as research methods the empirical observation and structured questionnaires answered by the operators of this type of accommodation. It was concluded that most operators have no professional business structure and that they are dedicated to this activity in "part-time", mostly with a single property. The sites they use most are Homeaway, Airbnb and Flipkey, being Airbnb the preferred site and Homeaway the second. Having an own site is also highly valued by all. The reason of their preferences is the reputation of the site, availability of software for mobile devices, and price of rentals. Almost all of the promotion is done via Internet, which also represents their largest marketing investment. When using other channels besides the Internet, their preference was travel agents, having their second largest source of revenue on tourism promotion organizations.
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Hyun, Yongho, and n/a. "Consumer behaviour on the internet : a critical analysis of the extensive decision-making process of online holiday travellers." University of Canberra. Communication & Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.130043.

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Both tourism destination marketing and the characteristics of holiday travellers have recently undergone radical changes driven by the rapid progress of computer technology. In particular, the advent of the Internet has had a great impact on holiday travellers as well as on the development of tourism promotion and distribution channel strategies. While holiday travellers benefit from the characteristics of Internet use, for example, unlimited information retrieval, flexible accessibility, and direct interactivity with destination marketing organizations (DMOs), the Internet provides DMOs with the critical factor of an increase in operational costs incurred by running all possible online promotional activities and online distribution channels. This paper attempted to discover which Internet functions are popularly used by existing/potential online travellers or which ones are not by testing the Canberra Tourism & Event Corporation (CTEC) web site. As a result, this research intends to provide CTEC with a way to operate its website cost-effectively, which can also lead to increasing the usage satisfaction of CTEC web visitors. Online travellers visiting the CTEC website were surveyed through non-probability self-selected web survey by using segmentation procedure; two key online travel groups: direct and indirect online access groups. Based on the research methodology, this study has discovered several findings. Firstly, CTEC web visitors preferred to use the CTEC website for the purpose of gathering travel information rather than that of online booking or reservations for travel products on the CTEC website. Secondly, comprehensive travel information tailor-made to online individuals was found to be desirable through interactive online activities, while the multimedia, booking, and comparability function were not significant in helping the CTEC online visitors choose the travel destination. Based on their preferences for particular Internet functions, it is evident that web visitors wish to have comprehensive and tailormade online travel information and interaction with the CTEC. Finally, it was revealed that the demographics of the CTEC web visitors were very similar to Internet users identified by previous researchers. Therefore, this study provides insights into website development strategies.
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Grenblad, Daniel, and Pernilla Rosén. "Internet : A sales channel in the airline industry." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-511.

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The social change, with Internet as one of its innovations, is changing the way business is conducted. The main objective is to study and get a better understanding of the use of Internet as a new sales channel when there already exist a sales channel including middlemen. A description is made covering the decision situation and three areas that are affecting the decision - relationships to the middlemen, added value in the channels, and financials. European airlines as represented i Sweden and US airlines were interviewed. For explorative purposes interviews have been made with travel agents. No primary data is collected from the travel customers. Security issues and other barriers for Internet adoption are not studied. The conclusion of the study is that managers should focus on action more than"rational decison making". If the middlemen will be bypassed it is important to communicate with them. It is also necessary to have upper management's support. One of the driving forces for implementing Internet as a sales channel in the airline industry is to create customer ownership. Three generic formats for doing so is identified - learing relationship, verical facilitator, and meta intermediary.

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Morais, João Manuel Monteiro de Carvalho. "Jogos Sociais do Estado: determinantes de receitas." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3130.

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Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação
Jogos Sociais do Estado são jogos cujo lucro é aplicado nas chamadas causas sociais, ou "boas causas", apoiando grupos populacionais mais desfavorecidos ou programas específicos de âmbito social. Com o objectivo de identificar os determinantes de receitas dos Jogos Sociais do Estado em Portugal, foram recolhidos os dados referentes às vendas dos jogos do tipo Loto nos canais de distribuição mediador e Portal de Jogos, na Internet. Após a aplicação de diversos testes estatísticos concluiu-se que a relação da variação do volume de vendas no Portal face à existência de jackpot no primeiro prémio é estatisticamente significativa, ao contrário do que acontece na rede de mediadores, demonstrando-se a diferença de comportamento dos apostadores nos dois canais. Foi ainda provado que há uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre as vendas do jogo Euromilhões, tanto na rede de mediadores como no Portal de Jogos, e as vendas dos outros jogos nos mesmos canais, provando-se o efeito de complementaridade entre o jogo multi-estatal e os jogos nacionais do mesmo tipo Loto.
Social Games are games whose profits are applied on the so-called social causes, or "good cause", supporting disadvantaged population groups or social supporting programmes. With the purpose of identifying the determinants of Social gaming revenue in Portugal, data were collected concerning sales of Lotto type games, in both distribution channels: retailer and the gaming Portal on the Internet. After the application of various statistic tests, it was proved that the ratio of the change in the volume of sales on the Portal, face the existence of jackpot in first prize, is statistically significant, unlike in the network of retailers, showing the difference in the behavior of bettors in this two channels. It was also shown that there is a statistically significant relationship between the Euromillions game sales, both within the network of retailers as well as at the gaming Portal, and the sales of the other games in the same channels. This proves the effect of complementarily between the game multi-state and national games of the same type Lotto.
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Books on the topic "Distribution channels on the Internet"

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Hoffmann, Vasco. The mobile internet as an emerging distribution channel for information products. London: London College of Communications (previously Printing), University of the Arts London, 2000.

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Dent, Julian. Distribution Channels. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2008.

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Walker, J. G. Telecom distribution channels. London: Centre for Exploitation of Science and Technology, 1993.

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Canada, Society of Management Accountants of. Distribution channels management - accountability. Hamilton: Society of Management Accountants of Canada, 1994.

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J, Brown A. Marketing channels of distribution. Glasgow: Strathclyde Business School, 1986.

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Rolnicki, Kenneth. Managing channels of distribution. New York: AMACOM, 1998.

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Dent, Julian. Distribution channels: Understanding and managing channels to market. 2nd ed. London: Kogan Page, 2011.

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Distribution channels: Understanding and managing channels to market. London: Kogan Page, 2008.

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Brae, C. Michael. New Channels of Music Distribution. New York ; London : Routledge, 2018 | 2018: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315648347.

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Hurst, Patrick R. W. Change in international distribution channels. (s.l: The Author), 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Distribution channels on the Internet"

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Brae, C. Michael. "Internet Marketing." In New Channels of Music Distribution, 81–88. New York ; London : Routledge, 2018 | 2018: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315648347-9.

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Ramakrishnan, Ravi, and Loveleen Gaur. "Distribution Channel Management." In Internet of Things, 115–25. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429486593-8.

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Breidenbach, Petra, and Jürgen Rauh. "Internet-Einzelhandel bei Multi-Channel-Unternehmen." In Produktion - Distribution - Konsum, 51–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-87807-0_4.

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Gillai, Barchi, and Hau L. Lee. "Internet-Based Distribution Channel for Product Diversion with Potential Manufacturer’s Intervention." In International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, 115–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98026-3_5.

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Fernandez, Noelia Oses, Jon Kepa Gerrikagoitia, and Aurkene Alzua-Sorzabal. "Dynamic Pricing Patterns on an Internet Distribution Channel: The Case Study of Bilbao’s Hotels in 2013." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2015, 735–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14343-9_53.

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Carter, Robert L., and Peter Falush. "Distribution Channels." In The British Insurance Industry Since 1900, 177–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230239524_14.

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Malik, Adnan, and Karim Ullah. "Distribution Channels." In Introduction to Takaful, 121–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9016-7_9.

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Macarthur, Hamish E., and Merlin Stone. "Distribution Channels." In How to Market Computers and Information Technology, 128–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13402-1_8.

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Cartwright, Roger. "Distribution channels." In Mastering Marketing management, 267–96. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-06985-6_13.

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Baker, Michael J. "Channels of Distribution." In Marketing: An Introductory Text, 182–226. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25139-1_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Distribution channels on the Internet"

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Webb, Ralph L. "Effect of Manifold Design on Flow Distribution in Parallel Micro-Channels." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35251.

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Gas or liquid flow in multiple, parallel micro-channels is of interest for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) cooling applications. The published data for friction in 10-to-400μm hydraulic diameter, single micro-channels show good agreement with the conventional equations in the laminar and turbulent regimes. However, investigators of flow in multiple, parallel micro-channels in the same range of channel sizes report significantly different results. They report significant disagreement with the conventional equations and argue that transition occurs at Reynolds numbers as small as 200, dependent on the channel shape. This paper proposes that the apparent discrepancies of friction in multiple micro-channels can be attributed to flow mal-distribution. Flow mal-distribution is expected in multi-channels, because of manufacturing tolerances and poor manifold design. It can be minimized by proper header design and better manufacturing tolerances.
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Rensink, Dirk, Jo¨rg Roth, and Stephan Fell. "Liquid Water Transport and Distribution in Fibrous Porous Media and Gas Channels." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62087.

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In a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell water is produced by electrochemical reactions in the catalyst layer on the cathode side. The water diffuses through the catalyst layer and a fibrous substrate into gas channels where it is transported away by convection. The fibrous substrate represents the gas diffusion media (GDM). Sometimes the GDM has a thin microporous layer on the side facing the catalyst layer. The same layer structure can be found on the anode side. All layers together are the porous layers of a PEM fuel cell. Under certain operating conditions condensation can occur in the porous layers which might lead to flooding conditions and — if the liquid water forms droplets which grow together in the gas channels — the complete blockage of the channels. Both situations can lead to a local starvation of reactant gases with negative impact on fuel cell performance and durability. The void space of the hydrophobic fibrous substrate in a PEM fuel cell can be interpreted as micro channels in a broader sense, especially if liquid phase transport from the catalyst layer towards the gas channels is in focus. Due to the small dimensions with effective channel diameter in the range of micrometer the flow of liquid water is governed by capillary forces. The same applies for the gas channels at low gas velocities since the Bond and Capillary numbers are well below one. Thus the investigation of liquid water flow and distribution under low gas velocities in the hydrophobic fibrous substrate and the spreading of liquid water along the hydrophilic gas channel walls under capillary action is of special interest for PEM fuel cells and investigated here.
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Visser, Jan A. "A Simplified Equation to Obtain the Complex Heat Transfer Distribution in an Internal Duct of a Semi-Cooled Turbine Blade." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-013.

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Due to the three-dimensional shape of the internally cooling channels of a modern gas turbine blade, the heat transfer rate varies substantially between the different sides of the channels. This detailed heat flux and resulting temperature distribution on the walls are important to improve the design of the blade as well as to determine the durability of the blade. This detail heat transfer data is usually obtained by means of a complex three-dimensional simulation of the blade configuration. Therefore, for design purposes, the heat transfer data on the channel surfaces is often assumed to be the average heat transfer rate on the channel walls. The average heat transfer rate can be obtained by using a simplified heat transfer equation, based on the average Reynolds number in the channel. This paper presents a simplified formula that can be used to obtain the detailed heat transfer rate in square and non-square cooling channels of a stationary, as well as a rotating turbine blade. The simplified formula is based on results obtained from three-dimensional simulations of the heat transfer in the channels and was compared to simulated and experimental data over a range in flow rates and channel geometries. In general, it can be concluded that the formulation produces fast and accurate results over a wide range of applications.
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Movahed, Saeid, Reza Kamali, and Mohammad Eghtesad. "Analytical Approach for Finding Velocity and Temperature Distribution of Electroosmotic Flow in Micro- and Transitional Nano-Channels." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82202.

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The past decade has seen tremendous growth in areas of micro- and nano-fluidics, and MEMs flow control. Nowadays, there is considerable interest in micro- and nano/technologies consisting of small structures in contact with liquid media. By increasing the motivations of using miniaturized devices such as MEMS and NEMS and inventing new methods of their manufacturing, the inspirations of their study and analysis have been increased more and more. One of the most important characteristics of these devices which have undeniable impacts on their performances is miniaturized-channel flow field. By decreasing the dimensions of channels, the influence of surface effects becomes prominent and cannot be ignored. One of the most charismatic categories of these phenomena is elecrokinetic effect which can results in electroosmotic flow field (EOF) that has many advantages such as being vibration free, being much more compact, having flat-form velocity and etc. These beneficiaries lead to the increasing stimulus of using this type of flow field. One of the most important disadvantages of EOF is the Joule heating effect, the generation of heat due to the electroosmosis effect. Besides, miniaturized-channels are usually used as heat sink in miniaturized devices. By considering these facts, it can be concluded that heat characteristics of EOF must be studied carefully in order to manage the Joule heating effect and to utilize the cooling characteristics of miniaturized-channels. By reviewing the studies that have been performed in this field of study, it can be concluded that there is not any analytical approaches in dealing with heat transfer of EOF in miniaturized-channels though analytical formulas are completely essential for investigating, monitoring and controlling of any systems. In this regards, having some analytical studies on heat transfer analysis of miniaturized-channel flow field is completely essential. In the present study, by using the Schwartz-Christoffel mapping, an analytical tactic will be proposed in order to find electroosmotic velocity and consequently temperature distribution of EOF in micro- and transitional nano-channels.
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Porshnev, S. V., A. S. Koposov, and D. A. Bozhalkin. "Research of Information Flows Features in the Backbone Internet-Channel: Distribution of Packet Size." In 2017 IEEE 11th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaict.2017.8687101.

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Sappok, Alexander, Victor W. Wong, Ryan Morrow, Ethan Zisholtz, Isaac Doustar, and Ifran Govani. "Investigation of Ash Formation, Accumulation, and Distribution in Diesel Particulate Filters Using Lubricant Additive Tracers." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60072.

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The accumulation of lubricant-derived ash in diesel particulate filters (DPF) adversely affects engine efficiency, and is the single most important factor limiting the filter’s useful service life. The location of the ash deposits in the DPF, whether accumulated in a layer along the channel walls or packed in a pug at the end of the channels, plays a crucial role in determining the extent to which the ash impacts filter performance. This work presents results of targeted experiments designed to carefully track the evolution of the ash deposit formation and accumulation processes. Specially-formulated lubricants containing only calcium, zinc, or magnesium additives were used as chemical tracers and applied to load the same DPF in carefully designed time-sequence variations. Subsequent filter post-mortem analysis utilized scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray analysis to identify the chemical tracers in the ash layer and channel end-plugs. The results provide a quantitative measure of ash build-up along the channel walls, and the subsequent transport and formation of ash plugs at the end of the DPF channels. Studies with these additive tracers also showed large differences in DPF pressure drop as a function of ash chemistry. In general, calcium- and magnesium-based ash resulted in the largest increase in filter pressure drop, while ash containing primarily zinc compounds exhibited little increase in pressure drop for the same ash level in the DPF. Furthermore, despite being formulated to the same 1% total sulfated ash level, differences in ash accumulation rates between each of the lubricants provide additional insight into the magnitude of individual additives’ impact on DPF performance. Although the ash problem presents a significant challenge to lubricant and additive formulators and engine and aftertreatment system manufacturers alike, these results enhance the fundamental understanding of how ash is accumulated and distributed in the DPF. Further, the results are useful to understand the manner in which the accumulated ash affects exhaust flow restriction and filter pressure drop, as well as catalyst performance. Eventually, means of controlling both the location and packing characteristics of the ash deposits may be developed to extend DPF service life and minimize the impact of the accumulated ash on filter performance.
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Meesa-ard, Ekkaphot, Suwat Pattaramalai, and Madapathage Don Charitha Madapatha. "Outage Probability of Mobility Incorporated alpha-mu Fading Distribution with Co-channel Interference in Heterogeneous Networks." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (SmartIoT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartiot.2018.00023.

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8

Zeng, Junxiong, Tieyu Gao, Jun Li, Jiangnan Zhu, and Jiyou Fei. "Numerical Investigation on Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Steam and Mist/Steam in Internal Cooling Channels With Different Rib Angles." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56812.

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In order to further increase the gas turbine efficiency by increasing the turbine inlet temperature, an advanced cooling technology needs to be developed. Recently, mist /steam (air) cooling is considered as a promising technology to effectively cool the hot components such as gas turbine vanes and blades. A series of experimental investigations and numerical simulations conducted in the past proved the feasibility and superiority of mist cooling technology in elevated gas turbine working condition. The aim of this study is to numerically analyze the secondary flow structure and the influence of secondary flow distribution on heat transfer in steam and mist/steam cooling channels with different rib angles by using vortex core interaction. In addition, the heat transfer characteristics of steam and mist/steam in gas turbine cooling channels with rib angles of 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°, duct aspect ratio 2:1, Reynolds number ranging from 10000 to 60000 and mist ratio increasing from 2% to 8% are also investigated. The commercial software ANSYS CFX 14.5 is used to solve the 3-D steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a SST turbulent model. The numerical results of Nusselt number (Nu) distribution along the centerline of each channel with steam-only are validated with the experimental values. Numerical results indicate that the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental data. The distribution and strength of longitudinal secondary flows in 30°, 45°, 60° ribbed channels and transverse secondary flows in 90° ribbed channel have a great influence on the distribution of Nusselt number. The averaged Nu in 30°, 45°, 60° ribbed channels is higher than that in 90° ribbed channel due to longitudinal secondary flow having a better heat transfer performance than transverse secondary flow. The decrease of averaged Nu between two neighbored ribs along inclined ribs is mainly induced by the decreased strength of longitudinal secondary flow along the same direction in 30°, 45°, 60°ribbed channels. The averaged Nu of mist/steam with 5% mist injection in the four channels increases by 97.98%–151.9% compared with steam at Re=60000. Furthermore, the averaged Nu increases by about 11.08% to 213.6% compared with steam, when the mist ratio increases from 2% to 8%. The 60°ribbed channel achieves the best heat transfer performance in mist/steam cooling channels.
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Cardwell, N. D., P. P. Vlachos, and K. A. Thole. "Developing and Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Ribbed Channels." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55190.

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Modern turbomachines operate at combustion temperatures well beyond the incipient melting point of the turbine’s metal components. Cooling channels within turbine airfoils directly affect component lifecycle in addition to influencing almost all aspects of the overall engine design. However, many aspects regarding flow structure and vortex dynamics within these cooling channels are still unknown. In this study, high fidelity Time Resolved Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (TRDPIV) was used to investigate a ribbed cooling channel. The design consisted of a square channel having square transverse ribs which were staggered on both the top and bottom walls. Rib spacing was matched to the channel height and the rib to channel height ratio was kept constant at 0.13. The Reynolds number range investigated was between 2,500 and 20,000. Flow field measurements were performed at the entrance to and within the developed rib roughened section, corresponding to the 1st and 12th ribs. Overall, the results indicate that large scale coherent vortical structures were generated by the presence of the front rib surface and enclosed wake region between the ribs. Higher values of vortex circulation strength were observed for Re = 2,500 in addition to a more homogeneous distribution of identified coherent structures at the developed section. In addition to providing insight and feedback for a common turbine cooling design, this study also illuminates the vortex distribution for a highly turbulent and complex internal flow.
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10

Eliades, V., D. E. Nikitopoulos, and S. Acharya. "Detailed Mass Transfer Distribution in Rotating, Two-Pass Ribbed Coolant Channels With Vortex Generators." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-424.

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Local and global effects of cylindrical vortex generators on the mass transfer distributions over the four active walls of a square, rib-roughened rotating duct with a sharp 180° bend are investigated. Cylindrical vortex generators (rods) are placed above, and parallel to, every other rib on the leading and trailing walls of the duct so that their wake can interact with the shear layer and recirculation region formed behind the ribs, as well as the rotation-generated secondary flows. Local increases in near-wall turbulence intensity resulting from these interactions give rise to local enhancement of mass (heat) transfer. Measurements are presented for duct Reynolds numbers (Re) in the range 5000–30,000, and for rotation numbers in the range 0 to 0.3. The rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/Dh) is fixed at 0.1, while the rib pitch-to-rib height ratio (P/e) is 10.5. The vortex generator rods have a diameter-to-rib height ratio (d/e) of 0.78, and the distance separating them from the ribs relative to the rib height (s/e) is 0.55. Mass transfer measurements of naphthalene sublimation have been carried out using an automated acquisition system and are correlated with heat transfer using the heat/mass transfer analogy. The results indicate that the vortex generators tend to enhance overall mass transfer in the duct, compared to the case where only ribs are present, both before and after the bend at high Reynolds and Rotation numbers. Local enhancements of up to 30% are observed on all four walls of the duct. At low Reynolds numbers (e.g. 5,000) the insertion of the rods often leads to degradation. At high Reynolds numbers (e.g. 30,000) the enhancement due to the rods occurs on the surfaces stabilized by rotation (trailing edge on the inlet pass and leading edge on the outlet pass) and the side walls.. The enhancement is more pronounced as the Rotation number is increased. The detailed measurements in a ribbed duct with vortex-generator rods clearly show localized regions of enhanced mass (heat) transfer at Reynolds and Rotation numbers within the envelope of practical interest for gas-turbine blade cooling applications.
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Reports on the topic "Distribution channels on the Internet"

1

Shapiro, Jeffrey H., Stewart D. Personick, and Saikat Guha. Information Transmission and Entanglement Distribution Over Bosonic Channels. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada480937.

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2

Bentley, C. L., and A. E. Ruggles. Phase distribution measurements in narrow rectangular channels using image-processing techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5349611.

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3

Bentley, C. L., and A. E. Ruggles. Phase distribution measurements in narrow rectangular channels using image-processing techniques. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10144046.

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4

Schneeman, Richard D. Implementing a standards-based distribution measurement and control application on the internet. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6338.

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Mattsson, J., and T. Tian. MIKEY-TICKET: Ticket-Based Modes of Key Distribution in Multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY). RFC Editor, March 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6043.

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Ignjatic, D., L. Dondeti, F. Audet, and P. Lin. MIKEY-RSA-R: An Additional Mode of Key Distribution in Multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY). RFC Editor, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4738.

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Cakulev, V., and G. Sundaram. MIKEY-IBAKE: Identity-Based Authenticated Key Exchange (IBAKE) Mode of Key Distribution in Multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY). RFC Editor, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6267.

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Marques, P., R. Bonica, L. Fang, L. Martini, R. Raszuk, K. Patel, and J. Guichard. Constrained Route Distribution for Border Gateway Protocol/MultiProtocol Label Switching (BGP/MPLS) Internet Protocol (IP) Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). RFC Editor, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4684.

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Andrade, Juan E., Abu Noman Mohammed Atahar Ali, Reajul Chowdhury, Benjamin Crost, Vivian Hoffmann, Shoumi Mustafa, and Nabila Afrin Shaima. Rice fortification in Bangladesh: Technical feasibility and regulatory requirement for introducing rice fortification in public modern storage/distribution of fortified rice through PFDS channels. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.134540.

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Lichvar, Robert W., David C. Finnegan, Michael P. Ericsson, and Walter Ochs. Distribution of Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) Indicators and Their Reliability in Identifying the Limits of Waters of the United States" in Arid Southwestern Channels". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada444089.

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