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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distribution channels on the Internet'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Andersson, Magus. "Distribution Channels for Internet Telephony." Thesis, University of Skövde, Department of Computer Science, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-205.

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There are a great number of models and theories described by authors like Kotler & Armstrong (1996) and Hutt & Speh (1989) about distribution channels. However the models and theories are quite abstract and not branch specific.

The size of the Internet is growing in an incredible speed and new possibilities with the Internet are being invented every day. The new technologies make it possible to use the Internet in many different businesses (Statskontoret, 1997). One such business is the telecommunication business and the technique of Internet telephony.

With these both statements above I ask myself: How can Internet telephony be distributed?

The question is if existing distribution channels on the market are suitable for the Internet telephony products, and what channels must telecommunication companies use to be competitive on the new combined tele- and datacommunication market.

The purpose of this research is to contribute to an increasing knowledge in how Internet telephony can be distributed. Further the purpose is to identify and evaluate different options of distribution and find important factors that affect the choice and management of the distribution channel.

Because of a lack of information in literature describing distribution channels for Internet telephony products, I decided to do a qualitative study in order to get a hold of relevant information. Since I wanted to study a such new and specific area as distribution channels for Internet telephony products and as I wanted to have the possibility to come back with supplementary questions, I chose a case study with complementary interviews as my method.

This research has shown that there are a number of options to distribute Internet telephony products. There are also a number of intermediaries which are relatively new on the market and are not described in detail in any literature. New kinds of value- added resellers and system integrators with good competence are quite common on the tele- and datacommunication market today. They do not only resell products but also add value in form of hardware, software or service. When doing a choice of distribution channel both manufacturers and channel members want to have a close long term relationship. This can be done with common objectives and strategies or with partnerships in different forms. In evaluating a choice of distribution channel, criterias like cost, control and adaptivity, should be taken in concern. A multichannel or horizontal distribution approach is also quite common on the tele- and datacommunication market. Manufacturers need to use different channels to reach different customer segments. To manage a good relationship in a channel the manufacturer have to motivate, handle conflicts and support the channel members.

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2

Megdad, Abdulhai. "Internet and the design of international channels of distribution." Thesis, Kingston University, 2003. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20716/.

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3

Siu, Pui Leng. "Internet : a banking distribution channel." Thesis, University of Macau, 2003. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636770.

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4

Chang, Jen-Yun. "Impact of the internet as a direct sales channel on established distribution channels and the management of channel conflict : an exploratory study in the Taiwanese IT industry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5965.

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The internet has had a profound effect on communication, entertainment, buying, and selling (Webb 2002) and, in particular, as a distribution channel (Van den Poel and Leunis 1999). Increasingly companies in a variety of industries have established their own online direct sales channels instead of merely relying on conventional intermediaries (Coughlan et al 2006). Hence, multi-channel distribution strategies, combining both off- and online channels are being adopted. Frazier (1999:232) argues: “The utilization of multiple channels of distribution is now becoming the rule rather than the exception”. Companies which combine physical and web channels have been referred to as “clicks and mortar,” “bricks and clicks,” “surf and turf,” “cyber-enhanced retailing,” or “hybrid e-commerce,” (Gulati and Garino 2000; Steinfield et al 2002 a b; Agatz et al 2008; Sharma and Mehrotra 2007). Despite the apparent popularity of internet channels, adding an internet channel to the distribution mix creates potentially significant challenges for channel managers (Webb 2002). A major concern is that by going multi-channel, a firm might face ‘channel conflict’ between channel members (Sharma and Mehrotra 2007). As Rosenbloom (2007:7) claims: “Perhaps the most significant obstacle to building successful multi-channel strategies is the emergence of conflict between the different channels used for reaching customers”. The main objective in this study is to explore the impact of the internet as being a distribution channel within the multi-channel system. Three research issues which have seldom been discussed in previous literature are explored in this study. These three questions are: Q1: What are the factors encouraging manufacturers to develop the internet channel, especially manufacturers with a well established distribution channel? Q2: What are the channel design patterns of the multi-channel structure? Q3: How can channel conflict arising from the development of the internet channel be minimized? Interview was utilized as a main data collection method in this research. A total of 25 interviews were conducted and the majority of interviewees are managers in Taiwanese IT companies. The main product lines in their firms included wireless equipment, DRAM module, motherboard, and scanner. In addition, a wide range of documents were examined as a secondary data source and compared with data from the interviews. According to the statements from interviewees, six main factors were identified as encouraging the manufacturer to develop the internet channel. These are: (1) customer information management, (2) retailer management issue, (3) launching a new product, (4) to be a secondary channel, (5) management support, and (6) me-too strategy. Furthermore, it seems that when firms are at the different stages of the product life cycle, managers would design their multi-channel structure into different patterns. In addition, a further two conflict resolution styles, communication and differentiation, were found in the sample of firms studied which have seldom been mentioned in previous research and firms appear to adopt different conflict resolution styles according to stage in the product lifecycle.
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Veselý, Martin. "Rozbor způsobu prodeje letenek a souvisejících služeb." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15909.

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This diploma thesis analyzes distribution channels of flight tickets on the Internet and aspects related to this type of sale. Individual chapters deal with the historical background, role of e-commerce in the civil aviation industry, individual players engaged in the distribution of flight tickets on the Internet and the position of the online distribution. This thesis also analyzes modern services that are connected to the distribution of flight tickets, e.g. e-ticketing and new forms of check-in.
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6

Smith, Scott. "THE EFFECT OF INTERNET BOOKING ON THE CENTRAL FLORIDA LODGING MARKET O." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3661.

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This study reviews the effect of Internet bookings on the Central Florida lodging market over the past five years. As the number of lodging accommodations booked directly by the consumer over the Internet continues to increase, the ramifications brought about by this emerging distribution channel have not been fully investigated or interpreted. This study observes how Internet-enabled distribution channel bookings have trended in occupancy and average daily rate in the Central Florida lodging market in the past five years. Specifically the author segmented the survey respondents into the lodging product service categories of budget, moderate, upscale and luxury to analyze if there were any observable trends between the categories over the past five years. The author also segmented the respondents into the lodging geographic sub-categories of airport, downtown, suburban and resort/attractions area to determine if there were any observable trends between the sub-classifications over the past five years. Utilizing a descriptive approach, the author determined that each product service category and lodging sub-classification displayed continuous growth in Internet-enabled distribution channel bookings over the five-year period of 1999-2003. The author also observed that each product service category continuously represented a discounted Internet distribution channel rate over the five-year period of 1999-2003. This analysis suggests that lodging properties in the Central Florida market are discounting their Internet-enabled distribution channel rates in comparison to the property's overall average rate. At the same time, these properties appear to be increasing their Internet-enabled distribution channel bookings as a percentage of overall bookings.
M.S.
Other
Rosen College of Hospitality Management
Hospitality and Tourism Management
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7

Inácio, Nuno Miguel Martins Rodrigues. "O canal distribuição internet no arrendamento residencial de curta duração em Lisboa." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7566.

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Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação Imobiliária
Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o Canal Internet no Arrendamento Habitacional de Curta Duração, em Lisboa. Para tal usaram-se como métodos de investigação a observação empírica e o inquérito estruturado aos operadores deste tipo de arrendamento. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos operadores não tem estrutura profissional associada e se dedica a esta atividade em "part-time", sobretudo com um único imóvel. Os sites a que mais recorrem são o Homeaway, AirBnb e Flipkey, recaindo a preferência da maioria no AirBnb logo seguida pelo Homeaway. O site próprio é também muito valorizado por todos. A razão das suas preferências prende-se principalmente com a reputação do site, disponibilidade de software para dispositivos móveis, e valor dos arrendamentos efectivados. A quase totalidade da promoção é feita unicamente pela Internet, onde é também feito o maior investimento em marketing. Os operadores que usam simultaneamente outros canais, optam primordialmente pelas agências de viagens, e obtêm as maiores receitas através da Internet, secundadas pelas obtidas através das instituições de apoio ao turismo.
This document undertakes the goal of better understanding, through the suppliers' perspective, the Internet as a sales channel for the Short Term Rental market in the Lisbon area, For this purpose, we used as research methods the empirical observation and structured questionnaires answered by the operators of this type of accommodation. It was concluded that most operators have no professional business structure and that they are dedicated to this activity in "part-time", mostly with a single property. The sites they use most are Homeaway, Airbnb and Flipkey, being Airbnb the preferred site and Homeaway the second. Having an own site is also highly valued by all. The reason of their preferences is the reputation of the site, availability of software for mobile devices, and price of rentals. Almost all of the promotion is done via Internet, which also represents their largest marketing investment. When using other channels besides the Internet, their preference was travel agents, having their second largest source of revenue on tourism promotion organizations.
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Hyun, Yongho, and n/a. "Consumer behaviour on the internet : a critical analysis of the extensive decision-making process of online holiday travellers." University of Canberra. Communication & Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.130043.

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Both tourism destination marketing and the characteristics of holiday travellers have recently undergone radical changes driven by the rapid progress of computer technology. In particular, the advent of the Internet has had a great impact on holiday travellers as well as on the development of tourism promotion and distribution channel strategies. While holiday travellers benefit from the characteristics of Internet use, for example, unlimited information retrieval, flexible accessibility, and direct interactivity with destination marketing organizations (DMOs), the Internet provides DMOs with the critical factor of an increase in operational costs incurred by running all possible online promotional activities and online distribution channels. This paper attempted to discover which Internet functions are popularly used by existing/potential online travellers or which ones are not by testing the Canberra Tourism & Event Corporation (CTEC) web site. As a result, this research intends to provide CTEC with a way to operate its website cost-effectively, which can also lead to increasing the usage satisfaction of CTEC web visitors. Online travellers visiting the CTEC website were surveyed through non-probability self-selected web survey by using segmentation procedure; two key online travel groups: direct and indirect online access groups. Based on the research methodology, this study has discovered several findings. Firstly, CTEC web visitors preferred to use the CTEC website for the purpose of gathering travel information rather than that of online booking or reservations for travel products on the CTEC website. Secondly, comprehensive travel information tailor-made to online individuals was found to be desirable through interactive online activities, while the multimedia, booking, and comparability function were not significant in helping the CTEC online visitors choose the travel destination. Based on their preferences for particular Internet functions, it is evident that web visitors wish to have comprehensive and tailormade online travel information and interaction with the CTEC. Finally, it was revealed that the demographics of the CTEC web visitors were very similar to Internet users identified by previous researchers. Therefore, this study provides insights into website development strategies.
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9

Grenblad, Daniel, and Pernilla Rosén. "Internet : A sales channel in the airline industry." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-511.

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The social change, with Internet as one of its innovations, is changing the way business is conducted. The main objective is to study and get a better understanding of the use of Internet as a new sales channel when there already exist a sales channel including middlemen. A description is made covering the decision situation and three areas that are affecting the decision - relationships to the middlemen, added value in the channels, and financials. European airlines as represented i Sweden and US airlines were interviewed. For explorative purposes interviews have been made with travel agents. No primary data is collected from the travel customers. Security issues and other barriers for Internet adoption are not studied. The conclusion of the study is that managers should focus on action more than"rational decison making". If the middlemen will be bypassed it is important to communicate with them. It is also necessary to have upper management's support. One of the driving forces for implementing Internet as a sales channel in the airline industry is to create customer ownership. Three generic formats for doing so is identified - learing relationship, verical facilitator, and meta intermediary.

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Morais, João Manuel Monteiro de Carvalho. "Jogos Sociais do Estado: determinantes de receitas." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3130.

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Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação
Jogos Sociais do Estado são jogos cujo lucro é aplicado nas chamadas causas sociais, ou "boas causas", apoiando grupos populacionais mais desfavorecidos ou programas específicos de âmbito social. Com o objectivo de identificar os determinantes de receitas dos Jogos Sociais do Estado em Portugal, foram recolhidos os dados referentes às vendas dos jogos do tipo Loto nos canais de distribuição mediador e Portal de Jogos, na Internet. Após a aplicação de diversos testes estatísticos concluiu-se que a relação da variação do volume de vendas no Portal face à existência de jackpot no primeiro prémio é estatisticamente significativa, ao contrário do que acontece na rede de mediadores, demonstrando-se a diferença de comportamento dos apostadores nos dois canais. Foi ainda provado que há uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre as vendas do jogo Euromilhões, tanto na rede de mediadores como no Portal de Jogos, e as vendas dos outros jogos nos mesmos canais, provando-se o efeito de complementaridade entre o jogo multi-estatal e os jogos nacionais do mesmo tipo Loto.
Social Games are games whose profits are applied on the so-called social causes, or "good cause", supporting disadvantaged population groups or social supporting programmes. With the purpose of identifying the determinants of Social gaming revenue in Portugal, data were collected concerning sales of Lotto type games, in both distribution channels: retailer and the gaming Portal on the Internet. After the application of various statistic tests, it was proved that the ratio of the change in the volume of sales on the Portal, face the existence of jackpot in first prize, is statistically significant, unlike in the network of retailers, showing the difference in the behavior of bettors in this two channels. It was also shown that there is a statistically significant relationship between the Euromillions game sales, both within the network of retailers as well as at the gaming Portal, and the sales of the other games in the same channels. This proves the effect of complementarily between the game multi-state and national games of the same type Lotto.
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Janečková, Petra. "Využití alternativních distribučních kanálů v moderním retailovém bankovnictví." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223306.

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The master’s thesis deals with the acquisition of mBank customers through alternative distribution channels and their subsequent analysis. The work consists of the preparation and execution of marketing actions in order to expand portfolio of clients with business accounts. The last part of the work is dedicated to proposal of customer relationship management system, through which could lead to deepening relationships with customers.
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12

Nyberg, Anna. "Innovation in distribution channels : an evolutionary approach." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Economic Research Institute, Stockholm School of Economics (Ekonomiska forskningsinstitutet vid Handelshögsk.) (EFI), 1998. http://www.hhs.se/efi/summary/487.htm.

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13

Chakrabarty, Anita. "Customer value and financial services distribution channels." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35694/.

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This research effort seeks to investigate the co-creation of customer value in distribution channels of financial services as perceived by customers. In financial services, an in-depth investigation of customer value is necessary because of its recognised strategic imperative for competitive advantage (Woodruff, 1997). The Service Dominant Logic further demonstrates the importance of customer value as the basis of customers’ evaluations of products or service offerings (Vargo and Lusch, 2004). Customer value assessments are typically based on core services. However, core services are rapidly copied, diminishing prior competitive advantages. Hence, other sources of customer value and competitive advantage have to be considered. In light of this, distribution channels are considered resilient sources of value for the customer (Ballantyne and Varey, 2006). Specifically, this research seeks to empirically determine the type of value co-created through interactions in various distribution channels of financial services and the degree to which the various types of value vary, in distribution channel use. The conceptual model developed for this study synthesises two perspectives of customer value. The first perspective is the unidimensional perspective, which posits that customer value is a trade off between perceived benefits and perceived sacrifices. The alternative perspective is the multidimensional perspective where customer value is multidimensional. Various types of value, functional or utilitarian as well as emotional and aesthetic value are offered in the extant literature. In financial services, dominant studies focus on adoption and non-adoption of financial services channels particularly innovative technological channels such as the internet channel and mobile channel. A study of the customer value of various channels in the multichannel context of financial services is relatively absent. Therefore, a two-step research design was utilised. First, an exploratory study was conducted to determine the different benefits and sacrifices perceived by customers when using the distribution channels. The first stage of the study incorporated an exploratory study of semi-structured interviews conducted on a sample of 22 respondents. The hypotheses developed for the study were based on the exploratory study and the extant literature of customer value and distribution channels. The second stage of the study was a survey of 300 respondents using a questionnaire, within the Klang Valley area. The data were collected and analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis as appropriate. The findings of the study show that both co-created functional value and emotional value perceptions exist in the distribution channel of financial services. Co-created functional and emotional value furthermore contributes to overall customer value perceptions. The study also finds that different benefit and sacrifice perceptions give rise to co-created functional and emotional value perceptions respectively. A comparison of the customer value perceptions of channels revealed that customers perceived functional value and emotional value in all channels, except the ATM/CDM/Cheque deposit channel. The in-branch channel is perceived to co-create a greater magnitude of emotional value. Adding to the extant literature, the findings demonstrate that distribution channels are an important source of customer value assessments. Furthermore, the findings lend support to the conceptual model, which posits various benefits and sacrifice perceptions existing in distribution channels of financial services lead to co-created perceived functional and emotional value or both simultaneously. From a managerial point of view, the findings of this study enable accurate identification of specific benefits and sacrifice perceptions in the various distribution channels of financial services to inform the development of strategies and tactics to enhance customer value of individual channels. Furthermore, the importance of emotional value in the in-branch channel lends support to the role of face to face interactions, careful recruitment and training of personnel to enhance the in-branch experience. The study also raises the importance of the consideration of service failures in services customer value assessments.
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Kangasharju, Jussi Antti Tapio. "Distribution de l'information sur Internet." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE5724.

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Cette thèse étudie la distribution de contenu sur Internet. Dans la première partie nous étudions les méthodes de redirection des clients. Nous développons une architecture pour localiser les copies d'un objet. Cette architecture est une extension du Domain Name System et peut être mise en place d'une manière incrémentale. Nous présentons une architecture d'annuaire répliqué et montrons comment réaliser le Domain Name System avec cette architecture. Cette architecture permet de stocker des informations qui changent rapidement, elle peut être réalisée de manière incrémentale, et ne nécessite aucun changement logiciel. L'évaluation de performance de cette architecture nous donne des indications sur la durée pendant laquelle on peut cacher l'information. Nous évaluons aussi les performance des méthodes de redirection utilisées par les réseaux de distribution de contenu modernes. Nos résultats montrent que le coût associé à l'ouverture de nouvelles connexions peut limiter sévèrement les performances perçues par l'utilisateur. Dans la deuxième partie nous considérons la réplication d'objets. Nous développons un modèle d'optimisation combinatoire pour répliquer des objets dans un réseau de distribution. Nos résultats montrent que la meilleure performance est obtenue quand la réplication est coordonnée sur tout le réseau. Nous étudions la réplication optimale de contenu dans les réseaux de type peer-to-peer. Nous construisons un modèle et développons plusieurs algorithmes adaptatifs pour répliquer les objets de manière dynamique. Nos résultats montrent que nos algorithmes, combinés avec une politique de remplacement LFU, offrent une performance presque optimale. Nous considérons aussi la distribution de vidéos en couches en utilisant un modèle de "knapsack" stochastique. Nous développons plusieurs heuristiques pour déterminer quelles couches de quelles vidéos doivent être cachées afin de maximiser le revenu
This thesis studies Internet content distribution. In the first part of the thesis we consider client redirection mechanisms. We develop an architecture for locating copies of cached objects. This architecture is a small extension to the Domain Name System and can be deployed incrementally. We present an architecture of an Internet-wide replicated directory service and show how the current Domain Name System can be implemented with this architecture. The key features of this architecture are that it allows us to store rapidly changing information, can be deployed incrementally, and requires no changes to existing software. Our extensive performance evaluation of this architecture provides us with insight on how long the information can be cached. We also evaluate the performance of the redirection mechanisms used by modern content distribution networks. We find that the overhead of opening new connections to new servers can severly limit the user-perceived performance. In the second part of the thesis we consider object replication in content distribution. We develop a combinatorial optimization model for optimally replicating objects in a content distribution network. Our results show that best performance is obtained when replication is coordinated over the whole network. Using the same model we also develop cooperation strategies for peer-to-peer networks. We also consider the problem of optimal content replication in peer-to-peer communities. We formulate this problem as an integer programming problem and develop several adaptive algorithms to replicate objects on-the-fly. Our results indicate that our algorithms combined with least-frequently-used replacement policy provide near-optimal performance. We also consider the distribution of layered encoded video using a stochastic knapsack model. We develop several heuristics to determine which layers of which videos should be cached in order to maximize the accrued revenue
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Randriamialy, Rakotomalala Haliravaka. "Réseaux de distribution et Internet." Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10015.

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L'incursion de l'internet dans le domaine commercial et plus particulièrement, dans les réseaux de distribution, n'est plus un phénomène nouveau mais demeure néanmoins un sujet d'actualité. Craint par le promoteur, en ce qu'il risque de perturber la politique de son réseau (difficulté de maîtrise du recours à l'internet par les distributeurs, multiplication des atteintes au réseau. . . ), l'internet présente, toutefois, des avantages indéniables dont il souhaite disposer. Il en est ainsi, par exemple, de la potentialité de clientèle à l'échelle mondiale disponible sur internet. Adulé par les autorités de la concurrence aussi bien internes qu'européennes, notamment, parce que l'internet constitue un facteur d'ouverture du marché, son utilisation est encouragée. La liberté de concurrence en ligne est alors le maître mot. Ce principe devra être respecté par le chef du réseau. Il doit pouvoir utiliser l'internet, tout en l'intégrant parmi les modes de vente auxquels peuvent recourir ses distributeurs. Pour ce faire, il doit organiser son réseau. Les contraintes classiques inhérentes au réseau (droit des contrats, droit de la concurrence,. . . ) doivent être respectées, tout en tenant en compte de celles liées à l'utilisation de l'internet. Comment le chef du réseau conciliera-t-il ces dernières ? Quel sera l'impact de l'internet sur l'organisation du réseau ?
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Mnie, Filali Imane. "Distribution multi-contenus sur Internet." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4068/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux protocoles pair-à-pair (P2P), qui représentent une solution prometteuse pour la diffusion et le partage de données à faible coût sur Internet. Nous avons mené, dans un premier temps, une étude comportementale de différents protocoles P2P pour le partage de fichier (distribution de contenus sans contrainte de temps) puis le live. Dans la première étude centréesur le partage de fichier, nous avons montré l’impact d’Hadopi sur le comportement des utilisateurs et discuté l’efficacité des protocoles en fonction du contenu et l’efficacité protocolaire, en se basant sur les choix des utilisateurs. BitTorrent s’est nettement démarqué au cours de cette étude, notamment pour les grands contenus. En ce qui concerne le live, nous nous sommes intéressés à la qualité de servicedu réseau de distribution live Sopcast, car plus de 60% des événements live diffusés en P2P le sont sur ce réseau. Notre analyse approfondie de ces deux modes de distribution nous a fait nous recentrer sur BitTorrent, qui est à la base de tous les protocoles P2P Live, et est efficace en partage de fichier et complètement open source. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, nous avons proposé et implémenté dansun environnement contrôlé un nouveau protocole sur la base de BitTorrent avec des mécanismes protocolaires impliquant tous les pairs dans la gestion du réseau. Ces nouveaux mécanismes permettent d’augmenter l’efficacité du protocole via une meilleure diffusion, tant pour le live que le partage de fichier, de métadonnées (la pièce la plus rare) et via une méthode dite de push, par laquelle un client va envoyer du contenu aux pairs les plus dans le besoin
In this study, we focused on peer-to-peer protocols (P2P), which represent a promising solution for data dissemination and content delivery at low-cost in the Internet. We performed, initially, a behavioral study of various P2P protocols for file sharing (content distribution without time constraint) and live streaming. Concerning file sharing, we have shown the impact of Hadopi on users’ behavior and discussed the effectiveness of protocols according to content type, based on users’ choice. BitTorrent appeared as the most efficient approach during our study, especially when it comes to large content. As for streaming, we studied the quality of service of Sopcast, a live distribution network that accounts for more than 60% of P2P broadcast live events. Our in-depth analysis of these two distributionmodes led us to focus on the BitTorrent protocol because of its proven efficiency in file sharing and the fact that it is open source. In the second part of the thesis, we proposed and implemented a new protocol based on BitTorrent, in a controlled environment. The modifications that we proposed allow to increase the efficiency of the protocol through improved dissemination of metadata (the rarest piece), both for live and file sharing. An enhanced version is introduced with a push method, where nodes that lag behind receive an extra service so as to improve the overall performance
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Jiang, Sheng. "Lateral distribution of boundary shear in open-channels." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0003/MQ45327.pdf.

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18

Yamanami, Hirotaka 1969. "A study of partnership models in distribution channels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9147.

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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-105).
Recently Japanese oil companies have been struggling to provide customers with differentiated services and satisfaction, and to capture their perception. They tried changing the relationship with dealers over multiple distribution channels in order to solve this issue. Through trials and errors the oil companies managed to have dealers under their control by vertical integration, but the vertical integration did not result in positive impact for either the oil companies or the dealers since lack of communication brought about conflict between them regarding marketing approach. By learning from practice oil companies have been changing their channel control policy from vertical integration to partnerships that enable the oil companies and their dealers to create more intimate and consequently cooperative relationships. Furthermore, their challenge to channel management has resulted in developing new distribution channels by building partnerships with unrelated industries. This thesis focuses on the dynamics of two partnership models in the distribution channel, vertical partnerships, a new type of relationship between suppliers and their dealers, and horizontal partnerships that are strategic distribution alliances with unrelated industries. First, the driving forces of these partnerships are presented and from that hypotheses are built that determine successful relationships with partners and positive impact for customers. Following that is research and analysis of partnership cases from Japanese oil companies that verify these hypotheses. Further, key factors are extracted from the cases and their validity is checked by adapting each hypothesis. Finally, key factors are prioritized by using an attribution map and the conclusion is a successful methodology for vertical and horizontal partnerships specific to Japanese oil companies.
by Hirotaka Yamanami.
S.M.M.O.T.
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Zhang, Yixin. "Optimising the utility of hotel online distribution channels." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2016. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/812094/.

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Distribution channel plays an important role in the operation of hotel revenue management (RM), it is a key vehicle that can facilitate effective communication of the whole RM strategy, which helps hotels to accomplish their ultimate goal of revenue maximisation. However, the importance of distribution channel management in hotel revenue management has not received much attention in academic research (Ivanov and Zhechev, 2012), and there is a lack of studies relating to distribution channel selection and optimisation (Guillet and Mohammed, 2015). In addition, with the increasing popularity of the Internet and the rapid development of information technology, online distribution channels have been intensively promoted by hotel companies in the contemporary business environment, and these have been well received by customers (Masiero and Law, 2016). Accordingly, this research is aimed at investigating the functions of hotel online distribution channels (hotel’s own website and OTA websites), and to examine customers booking intention toward each of these two distribution channels. The overall results of the present study could help hotel companies to optimise the utility of their online distribution channels, thus to achieve their ultimate goal of revenue maximisation. In this research, there were three studies were conducted to fulfil the investigation. The first study was a qualitative study with hotel experts, based upon the method of semi-structured interview, which examined the functions of hotel online distribution channels from the organisational perspective. The second study was a qualitative study with hotel customers, based upon the method of focus group interview, which examined the functions of hotel online distribution channels from the customers’ perspective. Thus, the findings could verify whether the functions that were highlighted by the companies were actually approved by the customers. The third study was a quantitative study with hotel customers, based upon the method of survey questionnaire, which provided a further insight into customers’ booking intention toward hotels’ own websites and OTAs respectively. Based upon the qualitative studies with hotel experts and customers, 6 functions of hotel online distribution channels were identified: information, communication, promotion, security, relationship building, and payment. All these identified functions were verified to exist in both hotels’ own websites and online travel agent websites, but some functions might be performed better by one of the distributors than another one. For example, hotels’ own websites provide more detailed information about an individual property, but OTAs offer easy comparisons; hotels’ own websites have better performance in personal communications, while OTAs are good at mass market communications. The results of the quantitative study shown that attitude carried the most weight in explaining the intention of customers to make bookings via hotels’ own websites. Therefore, for the distribution channel of hotels’ own websites, hotel managers need to pay more attention to the factors that contribute to the generation of favourable attitude. In the OTA group of the present study, perceived behavioural control carried the most weight in explaining the intention of customers to make bookings on OTAs, which indicted that perceived behavioural control was the most important determinant that affected the customers who used OTAs to place hotel bookings, and these OTA customers felt confident and in control of using the distribution channel. This research provides the theoretical contribution to the literature. Firstly, by taking into account the issue that distribution channel has been overlooked in the literature of RM and the trend of online distribution channel, this research contributes to the knowledge of online distribution channel in hotel RM literature. Secondly, this research has adopted the perceptions of both hotel-related companies and hotel customers in generating comprehensive knowledge about the functions of hotel online distribution channels. The results of the overall study also offer important implications for hotel companies, which enable them to clearly understand the strengths and weaknesses of their own websites and OTA websites. As a result, they can set up efficient strategies to optimise the utility of both their internal and external online distribution channels, which for the purpose of maximise their total revenue.
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Nalla, Vipan Reddy R. "Anonymity and covert channels in mix-firewalls." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007303.

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Guan, Wei. "Developments in Distribution Channels : A Case Study of a Timber Product Distribution Channel." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell marknadsföring och industriell ekonomi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-64362.

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This thesis describes and analyses the trends and developments of actors along distribution channel. In particular, the study focuses on resellers and manufacturer based on the empirical material from one particular case study. The study has three main goals: (1) to investigate the challenges arising from channel actor developments, the effects of these developments on the structure of the retailer supply chain and their implications for manufacturers and suppliers, (2) to identify explanations for manufacturer’s vertical integration of distribution and the resulting impacts and, (3) to conduct a preliminary customer value analysis relating to the distribution channel of solid wood products. The study has taken an exploratory and qualitative research approach with an abductive reasoning process. A case study strategy was adopted, which studied a distribution channel consisting of a Sweden-based timber manufacturer that vertically integrated a distributor in the UK. Semi-structured interviews comprised the primary data collection technique in this study. A two-step data collection process was conducted between May 2009 and April 2010, including 29 interviews with 24 interviewees from eight organizations, representing the manufacturer, distributor and reseller in the distribution channel. Non-participating observations were carried out by attending sales meeting and joining account managers on store visits. All interviews were documented and transcribed and the information was collated into case units, along with any supporting secondary data, such as company magazines, web resources, annual reports, sales reports, meeting presentations, etc. This thesis has produced several findings. Reseller developments have promoted the formation of reseller demands, such as integrated solutions with respects to logistics, marketing, merchandising, innovation, etc. Retailer developments have driven the change of a retailer supply chain structure, and have opened up a number of new questions to be posed on manufacturer and its positioning in the supply chain. The most important factors driving the manufacturer’s vertical integration of distribution are customer demands, the manufacturer’s repositioning strategy with regard to its business focus and its positioning in the supply chain. The vertical integration of distribution transforms the manufacturer into a direct supplier to large timber product resellers. It also offers the supplier a great opportunity to enhance offerings and establish strategic relationship with customers. The output of suppliers has expanded from solely manufacturing goods to also include services and knowledge associated with goods. In practice, it can be complicated for a supplier to create and communicate value. A full understanding of what timber product customers seek in terms of value elements has not yet been achieved. This study has assisted in terms of understanding the differing value that channel actors place on a range of product, physical distribution, service and supplier value elements by developing a value analysis framework. Suppliers can use this framework when designing, customizing and marketing offerings for customers.
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Sohrabi, Helia. "Physical internet-enabled hyperconnected distribution assessment." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26986.

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L'Internet Physique (IP) est une initiative qui identifie plusieurs symptômes d'inefficacité et non-durabilité des systèmes logistiques et les traite en proposant un nouveau paradigme appelé logistique hyperconnectée. Semblable à l'Internet Digital, qui relie des milliers de réseaux d'ordinateurs personnels et locaux, IP permettra de relier les systèmes logistiques fragmentés actuels. Le but principal étant d'améliorer la performance des systèmes logistiques des points de vue économique, environnemental et social. Se concentrant spécifiquement sur les systèmes de distribution, cette thèse remet en question l'ordre de magnitude du gain de performances en exploitant la distribution hyperconnectée habilitée par IP. Elle concerne également la caractérisation de la planification de la distribution hyperconnectée. Pour répondre à la première question, une approche de la recherche exploratoire basée sur la modélisation de l'optimisation est appliquée, où les systèmes de distribution actuels et potentiels sont modélisés. Ensuite, un ensemble d'échantillons d'affaires réalistes sont créé, et leurs performances économique et environnementale sont évaluées en ciblant de multiples performances sociales. Un cadre conceptuel de planification, incluant la modélisation mathématique est proposé pour l’aide à la prise de décision dans des systèmes de distribution hyperconnectée. Partant des résultats obtenus par notre étude, nous avons démontré qu’un gain substantiel peut être obtenu en migrant vers la distribution hyperconnectée. Nous avons également démontré que l'ampleur du gain varie en fonction des caractéristiques des activités et des performances sociales ciblées. Puisque l'Internet physique est un sujet nouveau, le Chapitre 1 présente brièvement l’IP et hyper connectivité. Le Chapitre 2 discute les fondements, l'objectif et la méthodologie de la recherche. Les défis relevés au cours de cette recherche sont décrits et le type de contributions visés est mis en évidence. Le Chapitre 3 présente les modèles d'optimisation. Influencés par les caractéristiques des systèmes de distribution actuels et potentiels, trois modèles fondés sur le système de distribution sont développés. Chapitre 4 traite la caractérisation des échantillons d’affaires ainsi que la modélisation et le calibrage des paramètres employés dans les modèles. Les résultats de la recherche exploratoire sont présentés au Chapitre 5. Le Chapitre 6 décrit le cadre conceptuel de planification de la distribution hyperconnectée. Le chapitre 7 résume le contenu de la thèse et met en évidence les contributions principales. En outre, il identifie les limites de la recherche et les avenues potentielles de recherches futures.
The Physical Internet (PI) is an initiative that identifies several symptoms of logistics systems unsustainability and inefficiency and tackles them by proposing a novel paradigm called Hyperconnected Logistics. Similar to the Digital Internet, which connects thousands of personal and local computer networks, PI will connect the fragmented logistics systems of today. The main purpose is to enhance the performance of logistics systems from economic, environmental and social perspectives. Focusing specifically on the distribution system, this thesis questions the order of magnitude of the performance gain by exploiting the PI-enabled hyperconnected distribution. It is also concerned by the characterization of the hyperconnected distribution planning. To address the first question, an exploratory research approach based on optimization modeling is applied; first, the current and prospective distribution systems are modeled. Then, a set of realistic business samples are created, and their economic and environmental performance by targeting multiple social performances are assessed. A conceptual planning framework is proposed to support the decision making in the hyperconnected distribution system. Based on the results obtained by our investigation, it can be argued that a substantial gain can be achieved by shifting toward Hyperconnected Distribution. It is also revealed that the magnitude of the gain varies by business characteristics and the targeted social performance. Since the Physical Internet is a novel topic, chapter 1 briefly introduces PI and Hyperconnected Logistics. Chapter 2 discusses the research foundations, goal and methodology. It also describes the challenges of conducting this research and highlights the type of contributions aimed for. Chapter 3 presents the optimization models including a core distribution network design modeling approach. Influenced by the characteristics of the current and prospective distribution systems, three distribution system-driven models are developed. Chapter 4 engages with the characterization of the business samples, the modeling and calibration of the parameter that are employed in the models. The exploratory investigation results are presented in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 describes the hyperconnected distribution planning framework. Chapter 7 summarizes the content of the thesis and highlights the main contributions. Moreover, it identifies the research limitations and potential future research avenues.
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Jatar-Hausmann, Ana Julia. "Determinants of vertical integration and control in distribution channels." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3682/.

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Current theories of marketing channel structure have stressed product and industry characteristics. We develop a theoretical framework which emphasizes the importance of the markets for each of the functions required by the distribution channel. This framework was used in an extensive and in depth case study for 23 companies in 6 industries in Venezuela. Imperfections in the market for loans, lack of specialized markets for certain channel functions, spatial monopolies enjoyed by retailers and agency problems were identified as crucial elements affecting vertical integration and control in distribution channels.
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Murray, Karen Christina. "The relationship between livestock distribution channels and animal welfare." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2494.

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Major changes are taking place in all sectors of the livestock and meat producing industries from farm to consumer which impinge on the processes and patterns of livestock distribution from farm to slaughter. These changes are identified and described. A survey of the complete journeys from farm to abattoir of 18,393 slaughterweight lambs sold direct from farm to abattoir, via livestock auction markets and via electronic auctions was conducted. Lambs sold direct from farm to abattoir experienced shorter journeys (in terms of both median duration and distance) than lambs sold through either of the other two channels. Lambs sold through electronic auctions, on average, travelled longer distances but for shorter times than lambs sold through livestock auction markets. Although these results are broadly consistent with the common perception of direct sale lambs experiencing simpler journeys than lambs passing through the other channels, they do not support this view unequivocally. The journeys were diverse in all three distribution channels and ranged from direct and uninterrupted transfer from farm to abattoir (n=4,888) to highly complex itineraries including up to three periods of transportation interspersed with two holding periods at assembly points, staging posts or auction markets (n=l,034). Journeys also included those with between 2 and 8 pickups en route (n=2,369), and those involving holding at assembly points, staging posts or livestock auction markets before transfer to abattoir (n=10,102). A total of 26 different journey structures were identified: 18 in direct farm to abattoir sales, 9 in sales via livestock auction markets and 13 within the electronic auction system. The effect of journey structure on the welfare of slaughterweight lambs (90 transported and 45 non-transported controls) was investigated in an experiment comprising 3 journey types (direct transfer from farm to abattoir, a journey involving 3 additional pickups en route and a journey incorporating holding at a livestock auction market) with non-transported controls held in a pen for the duration of the transport period. Transportation per se affected the liveweight and behaviour of the lambs: transported lambs lost more weight during the transport period and spent less time ruminating and less time lying down than non-transported lambs. Multiple pickup and Market lambs lost more weight and spent less time ruminating whilst lying than Direct lambs. Ultimate carcase pH (pHu) was higher for Multiple pickup and Market lambs than Direct lambs. There were no differences in liveweight loss, ruminating behaviour or pHu between Multiple pickup and Market lambs. Direct and uninterrupted transfer from farm to abattoir is preferable to more complex itineraries, but it is essential to consider journey structure, rather than simply the marketing channel, when judging the impact of livestock transport on animal welfare.
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Portillo, Maria Virginia. "Distribution and function of nematode glutamate-gated chloride channels." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398437.

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Mičková, Lucie. "Rozvoj obchodních aktivit pivovaru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222902.

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Presented Master’s thesis characterizes, analyzes and assesses the current situation of Holba’s brewery, Ltd. The thesis includes theoretical resources, company analyses, mainly internal and external analyses. As a result of outside and inside analyses there are formulated opportunities and Threats, Strengths and Weaknesses. On the basis of findings, the thesis includes comprehensive proposal of strategy, development and improvement of company position, which should help to fix it’s position on market and take a step forward in today’s mobile world.
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Pinterits, Andreas. "Coordinating internet sales with other channels : a performance measurement model /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/986653055/04.

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Pinterits, Andreas. "Coordinating internet sales with other channels a performance measurement model." Wiesbaden Gabler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986653055/04.

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Al-Romaih, Jamal S. "Stage-discharge assessment in meandering channels : conveyance estimation and boundary shear stress distribution in meandering channels." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680818.

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Huang, Tao. "An Internet Based GIS Database Distribution System." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin983364015.

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Erdem, S. Altan (Selim Altan). "Antecedents of Power in the Distribution Channel : A Transaction-cost Perspective." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277744/.

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A discussion of reward, coercive, expert, legitimate, and referent power bases was the initial focus of this research. A review of the power sources literature suggested that vertical integration within a channel of distribution was a crucial precursor to develop a structure to facilitate the use of power without creating a significant conflict among channel participants. Elements of transaction cost analysis (TCA) were offered as being suitable for determining the existing level of vertical integration among respondent firms. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to develop a tentative model to determine proper use of power within varying levels of vertical integration.
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Ansari, Kamran. "Boundary shear stress distribution and flow structures in trapezoidal channels." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13006/.

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The commercially available Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS-CFX version 11 (2008) is employed to predict the distribution of the bed and sidewall shear stresses in trapezoidal open channels. The investigation includes computation of wall shear stress (1) directly, using CFD for a range of channels layouts (straight, turning, with ridges), and (2), building on the division line concept initially formulated by Leighly in 1932 and later by Einstein in 1942, through the evaluation of the Guo and Julien (2005) equations, as proposed by Cacqueray et al. (2009). These equations include the two complex integral terms II and III, pertaining to viscous and secondary current effects, have been analysed for each cross section, for straight channels. The CFD predictions are validated first against the experimental results of Tominaga et al. (1989) to ensure that the models used are appropriate. Once this is done, the impact of (1) the variation of the slant angle of the sidewalls, (2) the channel aspect ratio and (3) the composite roughness on the shear stress distribution in straight prismatic channels is analysed directly based on the CFD predictions. In wide open channels the lines of boil, consisting of low speed streaks, periodically in the transverse direction, is believed to be due to the initiation of sand ridges on the bed; in other words due to the coupled interaction between moving bed and flow. A numerical analysis on the flow structures created and the distribution of shear stresses on the bed and sidewalls of channel sections having ridges on its bed is therefore carried out to clarify this point and assess the potential consequences on our predictions. Finally, because of obvious practical relevance, as most rivers follow a winding course, numerical simulations on the distribution of shear on the boundaries inside a channel bend is also presented.
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O'Connor, Peter Martin. "Developing an evaluation model for hotel electronic channels of distribution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366043.

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Zeng, Shangyou. "Spatial distribution and function of ion channels on neural axon." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1113855357.

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Ro, Seungil. "SK channels : distribution, function and regulation in mouse colonic myocytes /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2002. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3090879.

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RESENDE, EDUARDO LIMA. "REVERSE DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS IN RECYCLING OF TIRES: A CASE STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5284@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Há mais de um século a humanidade usufrui de um invento essencial ao desempenho, economia e conforto à rodagem de veículos: o pneu. Entretanto, o pneu tem uma vida útil limitada, caracterizada pela redução de suas ranhuras - até o limite que comprometa a estabilidade do veículo. Uma vez ultrapassada a vida útil, sobra uma carcaça, constituída por materiais de alta resistência e toxicidade, que vem sendo, simplesmente, descartada e lançada à natureza. Em conseqüência, o pneu é considerado hoje um dos maiores problemas ambientais do mundo. Além de demorar até 600 anos para se decompor, um pneu pode causar diversos malefícios para a sociedade e o meio ambiente, quando dispostos inadequadamente. É nesse contexto que a logística reversa pós-consumo vem se desenvolvendo, ou seja, estudando maneiras de como um produto descartado pela sociedade pode retornar ao ciclo de negócios. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo do problema logístico reverso na reciclagem industrial por pirólise com xisto de pneus. O objeto de estudo será o programa Paraná Rodando Limpo, um projeto desenvolvido no estado do Paraná, que coleta e recicla pneus descartados. Além de descrever os agentes envolvidos, traçar e caracterizar a rede reversa desde a captação, transporte e reciclagem dos pneus, um estudo de otimização de rotas foi proposto para tornar o processo mais eficiente.
For more than a century, the world civilization has benefited from an invention to essential the performance, cost reduction, and comfort of vehicles: the tire. However, the tire has a limited useful life, characterized by the reduction of its grooves, up to a limit that jeopardizes the stability of the vehicle. Once such useful life is exceeded, a carcass constituted by high- resistance and toxicity materials is discharged and thrown away in the environment. As a consequence, today the tire is considered one of the largest environmental problems in the world. It takes more than 600 years for a tire to decompose, resulting, when not properly disposed, in several problems to the society and its environment. In this context the post-consumption reverse logistics is being developed, namely, studying ways for a product that has been discarded by the society returning to the business cycle. This work presents a study of a reverse logistics problem in the industrial recycling of tires by pyrolysis with shale. The object of study will be the Parana Rodando Limpo project (Parana running in a clean way) developed by the State of Parana, which is in charge of collecting and recycling tires that are discharged. The study describes all the involved agents, outlines and characterizes the reverse logistics flows including the collection, the transport and the recycling of the tires and, in addition, proposes a routing optimization study in order to improve the efficiency of the process.
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Westfall, Frederick W. "An analysis of freight forwarder operations in an international distribution channel." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262265747.

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Lloyd, Patrick. "An exploration of covert channels within voice over IP /." Online version of thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12241.

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Aitken, D. G. "Error control coding for mixed wireless and internet packet erasure channels." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2008. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/804436/.

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Recent years have seen dramatic growth in Internet usage and an increasing convergence between Internet and wireless communications. There has also been renewed interest in iteratively decoded low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes due to their capacity approaching performance on AWGN channels.
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Karakas, Mehmet. "Determination Of Network Delay Distribution Over The Internet." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1223155/index.pdf.

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The rapid growth of the Internet and the proliferation of its new applications pose a serious challenge in network performance management and monitoring. The current Internet has no mechanism for providing feedback on network congestion to the end-systems at the IP layer. For applications and their end hosts, end-to-end measurements may be the only way of measuring network performance. Understanding the packet delay and loss behavior of the Internet is important for proper design of network algorithms such as routing and flow control algorithms, for the dimensioning of buffers and link capacity, and for choosing parameters in simulation and analytic studies. In this thesis, round trip time (RTT), one-way network delay and packet loss in the Internet are measured at different times of the day, using a Voice over IP (VoIP) device. The effect of clock skew on one-way network delay measurements is eliminated by a Linear Programming algorithm, implemented in MATLAB. Distributions of one-way network delay and RTT in the Internet are determined. It is observed that delay distribution has a gamma-like shape with heavy tail. It is tried to model delay distribution with gamma, lognormal and Weibull distributions. It is observed that most of the packet losses in the Internet are single packet losses. The effect of firewall on delay measurements is also observed.
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Chim, Tat-wing, and 詹達榮. "Novel algorithms to improve internet traffic distribution management." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29798322.

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Al, Hamra Anwar. "Approaches for scalable content distribution in the Internet." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4089.

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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le problème de la distribution de contenu de grande taille sur Internet. Nous nous concentrons essentiellement sur deux services majeurs : la vidéo à la demande (VoD) et la réplication de fichiers (service de partage). Nous étudions en premier lieu comment fournir le service VoD à un grand nombre de clients dans un réseau dédié (par example Akamai). Nous proposons une nouvelle architecture très efficace à large échelle et développons un nouveau modèle analytique permettant le calcul du coût minimal pour transmettre la vidéo. Notre modèle analytique nous permet d'étude plusieurs scénarios intéressants comme le problème de dimensionnement d'un système VoD ou l'évaluation des choix architecturaux, tels que la transmission partielle de la vidéo par satellite. En second lieu, nous nous intéressons à la VoD dans un réseau pair-à-pair. Alors que la plupart des solutions actuelles utilise des arbres multicast pour transmettre la vidéo aux clients, nous montrons que nous pouvons atteindre une efficacité similaire et d'une façon plus simple en introduisant une nouvelle approche nommée PBA. Enfin, nous étudions la réplication des fichiers dans les réseaux pair-à-pair. Les solutions actuelles peuvent être classées en deux catégories, selon que les clients soient organisés en arbre ou en maille. Notre première contribution consiste à démontrer que les architectures en maille sont au moins aussi efficaces que celles en arbre, tout en restant plus simples et plus dynamiques. Nous élaborons ensuite une analyse complète des approches en maille en identifiant les principaux paramètres qui influent sur la performance du système
In this thesis, we address the problem of distributing large contents in the Internet. We focus on two interesting and very common services, video on demand (VoD) and file replication. We first investigate how to provide an efficient VoD service to a large number of clients in a dedicated overlay network (e. G. Akamai). Our contribution here is a new video distribution architecture that is highly scalable and very cost effective. The novelty of our architecture is an analytical cost model that allows us to find the minimum delivery cost of the video. Using the cost model, we study many interesting scenarios like the dimensioning problem of a VoD system from scratch or the evaluation of architectural choices. One architectural choice that we consider is the use of satellite to broadcast a part of the video. We then continue our work on VoD but in a P2P network (rather than overlay network). While previous work constructs multicast trees to deliver the video to clients, we prove that we can achieve a similar efficiency in a simpler way. To this purpose, we introduce a new approach, called PBA, where clients perform locally an algorithm to find available servants from which they retrieve the video. Finally, we study the use of P2P networks for file replication. Existing solutions for this service can be largely classified into tree-based and mesh-based approaches. Our first contribution here is to prove that mesh approaches can be at least as efficient as tree ones. Our second contribution is a complete analysis of mesh approaches where we identify the main parameters that that influence their performance
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Fung, Wai-hing Anthony. "Distribution channel strategies of Japanese machine tool builders /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1237443X.

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Papadopoulou, Symela. "Velocity distribution in shallow open channel flow over square bar roughness." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=58994.

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McNaughton, Rod B. "A transaction cost analysis of channel integration in foreign markets by Canadian computer software firms." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387468.

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Diallo, Boubacar. "Characterization of fixed wireless channels for use in distribution automation networks." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/34241.

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Distribution Automation (DA) is the use of advanced communications network infrastructure in combination with intelligent power equipment and intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) in substations and on distribution feeders to monitor, protect and control the electrical power distribution network. Because wireless networks are generally less expensive, easier to deploy and more resilient than alternatives such as fibre-optic and power line carrier (PLC) networks, they have attracted considerable interest from DA network designers. However, designers must take careful account of the manner in which: 1) the useful range of the links between wireless devices impacts the formation of wireless networks, 2) the depth of fading varies across the range of frequencies available to power utilities for use in such networks, and 3) the degree of shadow fading varies as the height of wireless devices used in such networks rise from pedestrian to pole-top level. Here we show that: 1) the manner in which the distribution assets in BC Hydro's electrical power distribution network are geographically distributed affects the ease with which such assets can be formed into either conventional base-station-to-pole-top fixed wireless macrocell networks or pole-top-to-pole-top fixed wireless mesh networks, 2) the depth of fading experienced on fixed wireless macrocell channels is generally proportional to the carrier frequency and 3) the degree of shadow fading experienced on fixed wireless macrocell channels often increases as the terminal height is raised from pedestrian to pole-top level. These results will help power utilities design reliable and cost-effective wireless networks in support of DA.
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Sivagnanasuntharam, Sivasathees. "New distribution channels for advertising through computer games and mobile devices." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9776.

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The development in advertising industry has lately gone from open advertising through few, major distribution channels to a hidden and targeting advertising integrated into everyday life. Advertisers grow increasingly unhappy with the value delivered by the traditional mediums. They turn to alternative distribution channels in order to increase the success rate of advertising campaigns. Channels seen as unattractively with little purchasing power previously are attracting advertisers’ attention. The goal of this thesis has been to identify future distribution channels for advertising through computer games and mobile devices. In addition to identify, the report aims to look into the market potential of the identified advertising channels as well. This thesis begins with an introduction to advertising. Then advertising in computer games are investigated in the next chapter. The audience and business aspects of this advertising branch are examined and existing distribution channels are presented. Then a case study of advertising in a computer game named Cricket 07 and a virtual world called Second Life are carried out. Based on the thorough case study, several unexploited advertising channels are found and presented. The concepts are described in detail and high-level technical models are presented. The second part of the thesis examines mobile advertising. The same procedure is used here as for advertising in computer games. The main contribution of this part is the proposed solution presented in the end of the chapter. An advertising channel tailor made for Wireless Trondheim is described and a high-level technical model of the proposed distribution channel is given. The main contribution of this thesis is the identification of new distribution channels for advertising through computer games and mobile devices.

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Whitaker, William Richard James. "The distribution of voltage-gated sodium channels in the human brain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621736.

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Calleja, Pinedo Maria Margarita. "Distribution channels in the U.S.A. for Mexican fresh fruits and vegetables /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008294.

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MORAIS, ANA LUIZA ALCURE DE. "ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS IN RIO DE JANEIRO HOTELS: SURVEY AND ANALYSIS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=9503@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Com a crescente utilização da Internet, a Indústria do Turismo vive novo cenário de distribuição de seus produtos. Hotéis alcançam seus clientes diretamente através dos seus websites e novos atores, como os chamados intermediários online ou Third Party Intermediary (TPI), aproveitam suas experiências com tecnologias de informação para galgarem uma posição privilegiada no mercado de distribuição de serviços de hospedagem, concorrendo com os próprios hotéis. Em contraste com os hotéis, os TPIs ofertam múltiplos produtos (passagens aéreas, aluguel de autos, ingresso para eventos etc.) para atrair consumidores que buscam conveniência na compra online de tudo que se refere à viagem. Além dessa estratégia de full-service, fornecem facilidades para pesquisar e comparar fornecedores. Assim, os TPIs não só se tornam concorrentes diretos dos hotéis que os utilizam, mas também, acirram a competição entre eles. Que estratégias de relacionamento com TPIs restam aos hotéis e quais são mais eficazes em cada caso? O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar como os principais hotéis do Rio de Janeiro se posicionam frente aos canais eletrônicos. Assim, a partir do ponto de vista dos gerentes dos hotéis, busca contribuir para o entendimento dos novos aspectos da competição dos hotéis entre si, entre eles e seus canais de distribuição e entre esses distribuidores. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com gerentes de dez dos maiores hotéis do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa revelou que as estratégias adotadas são diretamente relacionadas à força de marketing que cada hotel possui, sendo, portanto, decisivo para o posicionamento do hotel o fato de ele ser independente ou pertencer a uma cadeia.
Considering the increasing Internet utilization as reservation medium, the Tourism and Hospitality Industry faces a new distribution scenario of its products and services. Hotels reach the clients directly through their own website, and also through new actors as the one known as online partner, also called Third Party Intermediary (TPI). These companies take advantage of their knowledge and long experience in information technology with the purpose of getting the maximum market share in the hospitality service distribution, becoming even a directly competitor of their own partners. Different from the hotels, TPIs offer multiple products such as airline and event tickets, and car rental that can be bought bundled, or separately, in order to attract guests seeking convenience of booking online everything they need for their trip. One of the conveniences sought by consumers is easy and fast comparison of prices, products and services offered even by different companies. Hence, the TPIs not only became direct competitors of the hotels, with whom they have distribution contracts, but they intensified the struggle among competing hotels as well. The objective of this thesis is to investigate how the main hotels in Rio de Janeiro position themselves in face of the electronic distribution channels. Therefore, starting from viewpoint of the hotels´ managers, this research seeks to contribute for a better understanding of the new aspects of the competition among the hotels, between them and their own distribution channels, as well as among these same distribution channels. To achieve this objective, interviews were conducted with managers of ten of the largest hotels in Rio de Janeiro City. The research revealed that the strategies adopted are directly linked to the marketing strength of the hotel. Therefore, a key factor for the strategic positioning of the hotel is whether it is independent or chain owned.
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