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1
Kramarz, Marzena, and Mariusz Kmiecik. "Quality of Forecasts as the Factor Determining the Coordination of Logistics Processes by Logistic Operator." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (2022): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14021013.
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(1) Background: Currently, logistics operators are struggling with the problem of acquiring new areas to create added value. One of such challenges is acquiring a new function in the form of demand forecasting and coordination skills. The increase in the need to forecast demand is related to the increasing complexity of the distribution network, omnichannel systems and turbulent environment. It is necessary to have a comprehensive approach to the distribution network and to develop competences related to coordination. For the authors, one of the most important coordination factors is the quality of forecasts, especially in relation to modern logistics operators. (2) Methods: In literature studies, the authors combine prognostic abilities with a predisposition to coordinate logistic processes in distribution networks. The aim of the research is to develop a forecasting model that will allow a logistic operator who aspires to coordinate logistics processes to create forecasts in the distribution system. The tool was developed in the R programming language and allows for forecasting based on data from the Warehouse Management System; (3) Results: The quality of forecasts is correlated with the characteristics of the products, the relationship between the manufacturing company and the logistics operator, and the configuration of the distribution network in individual chains. The results of the forecasts were compared with selected features of each of the 5 distribution networks that were tested. In parallel, the attributes of a company capable of forecasting in the distribution network were analyzed. These attributes were also compared to those of the logistics operator. (4) Conclusions: The authors proved that a logistic operator with a set of defined features is capable of generating demand in the entire distribution network.
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Neilson, David, Susan Bradshaw, Albert Santandreu, and Alberto Elena. "Distribution network operator asset risk management." CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal 2017, no. 1 (2017): 2233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0845.
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KMIECIK, Mariusz, and Aleksandra WIERZBICKA. "Analysis of material flow in a distribution network from the perspective of selected logistics operator." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2020, no. 146 (2020): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2020.146.16.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze material flow from the perspective of a logistics operator operating in a distribution network at Material Decoupling Point (MDP). This analysis will focus on classifying the flowing products into the appropriate groups in terms of their sales characteristics, release volume and the value of the coefficient of variation. This analysis will also involve product classification in terms of forecast accuracy. Design/methodology/approach: Main method used for the research focuses on analyzing one of distribution network. Analyze considered examination of material flow and tests of forecast tool to improve operational issues. Findings: Logistics operator is able to forecasting demand of products in distribution network. It is interesting area of research developing in the future. Originality/value Forecasting is considered here as a kind of development perspective for the operator who currently does not make forecasts. Forecasting implementation could be in these case.
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Tsioumpri, Eleni, Bruce Stephen, and Stephen D. J. McArthur. "Weather Related Fault Prediction in Minimally Monitored Distribution Networks." Energies 14, no. 8 (2021): 2053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14082053.
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Power distribution networks are increasingly challenged by ageing plant, environmental extremes and previously unforeseen operational factors. The combination of high loading and weather conditions is responsible for large numbers of recurring faults in legacy plants which have an impact on service quality. Owing to their scale and dispersed nature, it is prohibitively expensive to intensively monitor distribution networks to capture the electrical context these disruptions occur in, making it difficult to forestall recurring faults. In this paper, localised weather data are shown to support fault prediction on distribution networks. Operational data are temporally aligned with meteorological observations to identify recurring fault causes with the potentially complex relation between them learned from historical fault records. Five years of data from a UK Distribution Network Operator is used to demonstrate the approach at both HV and LV distribution network levels with results showing the ability to predict the occurrence of a weather related fault at a given substation considering only meteorological observations. Unifying a diverse range of previously identified fault relations in a single ensemble model and accompanying the predicted network conditions with an uncertainty measure would allow a network operator to manage their network more effectively in the long term and take evasive action for imminent events over shorter timescales.
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Laaksonen, Hannu, Hosna Khajeh, Chethan Parthasarathy, Miadreza Shafie-khah, and Nikos Hatziargyriou. "Towards Flexible Distribution Systems: Future Adaptive Management Schemes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (2021): 3709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083709.
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During the ongoing evolution of energy systems toward increasingly flexible, resilient, and digitalized distribution systems, many issues need to be developed. In general, a holistic multi-level systemic view is required on the future enabling technologies, control and management methods, operation and planning principles, regulation as well as market and business models. Increasing integration of intermittent renewable generation and electric vehicles, as well as industry electrification during the evolution, requires a huge amount of flexibility services at multiple time scales and from different voltage levels, resources, and sectors. Active use of distribution network-connected flexible energy resources for flexibility services provision through new marketplaces will also be needed. Therefore, increased collaboration between system operators in operation and planning of the future power system will also become essential during the evolution. In addition, use of integrated cyber-secure, resilient, cost-efficient, and advanced communication technologies and solutions will be of key importance. This paper describes a potential three-stage evolution path toward fully flexible, resilient, and digitalized electricity distribution networks. A special focus of this paper is the evolution and development of adaptive control and management methods as well as compatible collaborative market schemes that can enable the improved provision of flexibility services by distribution network-connected flexible energy resources for local (distribution system operator) and system-wide (transmission system operator) needs.
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Gelo, Tomislav, Željko Vrban, and Dalibor Pudić. "Allowed Revenue of Network System Operators in the Croatian Energy Sector and Interest Rate Changes on the Croatian Capital Market." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 22, s2 (2019): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2019-0028.
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Abstract The energy sector is characterized by market and monopoly activities. Monopoly activities include network activities, transmission and distribution of electricity, and transport and distribution of natural gas. For this reason, the revenue of the network activities is defined as allowed income, and it is under the control of the national energy regulator. In Croatia, this is the Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency. The allowed revenues of the network system operator in the Croatian energy sector are defined by the methodologies for individual network activities, which are based on the method of eligible costs. Network activities are usually capital-intensive activities. Capital cost is an element of the eligible cost method and is accounted for as a weighted average cost of capital (WACC). WACC affects the allowed revenue of the network system operator and the network tariff. It depends on the interest rates on debt capital, the risk-free rate, the market risk premium and the corporate tax rate. Changing the interest rate on the capital market, which also depends on the credit risk of the country, affects both the change in WACC and the change of tariffs for transport / transmission of energy. Amortization and operating expenses of the network operator, approved by the energy regulator, also have a significant impact on allowed revenues. The impact of the WACC change on the allowed revenue and network tariffs of network system operators has a different impact on the network tariffs, which depends on the structure of the eligible costs of a particular network system operator. Changing WACC affects the changes in tariffs of the network system operator. The aim of the paper is to determine how an interest rate change affects the WACC and how the change in WACC affects the change in the allowed revenue and the network tariff of the gas transport operator and the transmission of electricity in Croatia. The paper will analyse the tariffs of electricity transmission and natural gas transport in Croatia and compare them with those in the European Union.
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Crossland, Andrew F., Darren Jones, Neal S. Wade, and Sara L. Walker. "Comparison of the Location and Rating of Energy Storage for Renewables Integration in Residential Low Voltage Networks with Overvoltage Constraints." Energies 11, no. 8 (2018): 2041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082041.
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Expansion of photovoltaic (PV) generation is increasing the challenge for network operators to keep voltages within operational limits. Voltage rise occurs in low voltage (LV) networks when distributed generators export, particularly at times of low demand. However, there is little work quantifying the scale of voltage issues and subsequently potential solutions across large numbers of real networks. In this paper, a method is presented to analyse a large quantity of geographically and topographically varying distribution networks. The impact of PV on voltages in 9163 real LV distribution networks is then quantified. One potential mitigation measure is increased network demand to reduce voltages. In this work, location algorithms are used to identify where increased demand, through energy storage, has the greatest effect on overvoltage. The study explores the impact on overvoltage of two modes of storage installation reflecting differing routes to adoption: purchase of storage by homeowners and purchase by network operators. These scenarios are compared with traditional re-conductoring in the 9163 networks. It is shown that to avoid violation of absolute voltage limits, storage should be installed at strategically important locations. Storage in homes reduces overvoltage, offering clear benefits to the network operator, but very wide deployment is required to completely remove the need for reinforcement.
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Patel, Jitendra, and Ravi K. S. Pippal. "An Approach to Prevent Neighborhood Attack over Social Media." SAMRIDDHI : A Journal of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology 14, no. 04 (2022): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18090/samriddhi.v14i04.10.
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Social media sites contain the personal information of the users, which entice the attackers The attacker uses several types of attacks on the social networking site to obtain sensitive information from the users. As different types of passive and active attacks are carried out on social media sites, user privacy may be compromised; to avoid this, the network operator releases data anonymously. Data from social media users is gathered and stored by social media operators for distribution to various third-party consumers. Because the fetched data frequently contains sensitive information, the network operator makes the entire graph available in anonymized and sanitized forms. It does not, however, provide a complete guarantee of user privacy. This research provided a way for anonymizing social network graphs using a neighborhood adjacency matrix-based anonymization process. This anonymization procedure could be utilized to defend against the social network graph's neighborhood attack. By adding fake edges to the social network graph, the suggested anonymization procedure increases the number of isomorphic neighborhood networks. As a result, a user's unique neighborhood network cannot be used to re-identify them in a social network graph.
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Abreu, Soares, Carvalho, Morais, Simão, and Louro. "Reactive Power Management Considering Stochastic Optimization under the Portuguese Reactive Power Policy Applied to DER in Distribution Networks." Energies 12, no. 21 (2019): 4028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214028.
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Challenges in the coordination between the transmission system operator (TSO) and the distribution system operator (DSO) have risen continuously with the integration of distributed energy resources (DER). These technologies have the possibility to provide reactive power support for system operators. Considering the Portuguese reactive power policy as an example of the regulatory framework, this paper proposes a methodology for proactive reactive power management of the DSO using the renewable energy sources (RES) considering forecast uncertainty available in the distribution system. The proposed method applies a stochastic sequential alternative current (AC)-optimal power flow (SOPF) that returns trustworthy solutions for the DSO and optimizes the use of reactive power between the DSO and DER. The method is validated using a 37-bus distribution network considering real data. Results proved that the method improves the reactive power management by taking advantage of the full capabilities of the DER and by reducing the injection of reactive power by the TSO in the distribution network and, therefore, reducing losses.
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Skok, Minea, Lahorko Wagmann, and Tomislav Baričević. "USE OF FLEXIBILITY IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS." Journal of Energy - Energija 71, no. 1 (2023): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2022711343.
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The Electricity Market Act stipulates that the distribution system operator is encouraged to use flexibility, including participation in congestion management in distribution network in coordination with transmission system operator, to increase efficiency, develop the distribution system and promote energy efficiency measures. DSO can access flexibility in one or more of the following ways: market-based procurement of flexibility services, distribution network tariffs, flexible (non-firm) connection agreements, rules based (regulated) approach, in combination or separately. The categories are not necessarily mutually exclusive and the inherent regulatory incentives and implemented measures may overlap. Member States and national regulatory authorities should, therefore, carefully evaluate the interactions when implementing new forms of access to flexibilities or when enhancing existing ones. The paper reviews the mentioned possibilities of using flexibility in the distribution network.
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Džananović, Ajdin, Suada Dacić, and Ermin Muharemović. "Key evaluation criteria for assessing the introduction of electric vehicles into the logistics operators fleet." Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.54327/set2022/v2.i2.39.
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Increasing demands for logistics services cause several challenges related to total costs and meeting global environmental requirements. Logistic operators make efforts to improve all logistic processes and the distribution chain system by optimizing distribution networks and transport routes. Also, using clean or renewable energy help to meet the above-mentioned requirements by using environmentally friendly means of transportation such as electric and hybrid vehicles. The replacement of conventional with electric vehicles provides numerous benefits for improving the efficiency of the distribution chain system. This process is part of the concept known as Green Logistics, which strives to minimize the environmental impact of the logistics network and delivery. This paper focuses on identification of indicators for evaluating the acceptability of replacing conventional vehicles with electric vehicles in the fleet of logistics operators. We propose an evaluation matrix based on key indicators such as total costs, eco score fleet rating, and range and energy supply of vehicles. We use these indicators to determine the advantages, challenges, and possibilities of introducing electric vehicles in the logistics operator’s fleet. Also, we conducted a multi-criteria analysis of replacing conventional with electric vehicles in the fleet of one logistics operator.
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Küfeoğlu, Sinan, Niyazi Gündüz, Hao Chen, and Matti Lehtonen. "Shadow Pricing of Electric Power Interruptions for Distribution System Operators in Finland." Energies 11, no. 7 (2018): 1831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11071831.
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Increasing distributed generation and intermittencies, along with the increasing frequency of extreme weather events, impose a serious challenge for electric power supply security. Understanding the costs of interruption is vital in terms of enhancing the power system infrastructure and planning the distribution grid. Furthermore, customer rights and demand response techniques are further reasons to study the worth of power reliability. In this paper, the authors make use of directional distance function and shadow pricing methods in a case study of Finland. The aim is to calculate the cost of one minute of power interruption from the perspective of the distribution network operator. The sample consists of 78 distribution network operators from Finland, and uses cost and network information between 2013 and 2015.
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Manuel de Villena, Miguel, Raphael Fonteneau, Axel Gautier, and Damien Ernst. "Evaluating the Evolution of Distribution Networks under Different Regulatory Frameworks with Multi-Agent Modelling." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071203.
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In the context of increasing decentralised electricity generation, this paper evaluates the effect of different regulatory frameworks on the evolution of distribution networks. This problem is addressed by means of agent based modelling in which the interactions between the agents of a distribution network and an environment are described. The consumers and the distribution system operator are the agents, which act in an environment that is composed by a set of rules. For a given environment, we can simulate the evolution of the distribution network by computing the actions of the agents at every time step of a discrete time dynamical system. We assume the electricity consumers are rational agents that may deploy distributed energy installations. The deployment of such installations may alter the remuneration mechanism of the distribution system operator. By modelling this mechanism, we may compute the evolution of the electricity distribution tariff in response to the deployment of distributed generation.
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Vokony, I., H. Salama, L. Barancsuk, et al. "P2P local market concept whith dynamic network usage tariff vi asset enablement – Horizon2020 project demo experiences." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.376.
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With the growth of renewables, the increased interconnection of European grids, the development of local energy initiatives, and the specific requirements on transmission system operator (TSO) – distribution system operator (DSO) cooperation as set forth in the different Network Codes and Guidelines, TSOs and DSOs face new challenges that will require greater coordination. The European Commission adopted legislative proposals on the energy market that promote cooperation among network operators as they procure balancing and other ancillary services and provide congestion management. Therefore, this creates the need for a specific project such as the H2020 INTERRFACE project, having the greater coordination between TSOs and DSOs as its core objective. In this project, one of the demonstrations is a local asset-enabled energy market to provide data-driven, simulation-based results, with a realistic market setting. There the transactions beneficial for the distribution grid are facilitated via dynamic pricing (DNUT – dynamic network usage tariff). In the demonstration of a local market that runs based on data, provided from 3 sites (2 Hungarian, 1 Slovenian), local distribution system operators are involved to provide grid and consumption/production data. This paper discusses the first results from one demonstration site, which contribute to the development of local P2P markets. It also facilitates the introduction of grid calculation based dynamic tariffs by providing practical results from the cooperation of research entities and DSOs in the H2020 INTERRFACE project.
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Timberg, Chris, Leah Liebovitz, and Ben Miller. "The Private Virtual Network Operator Model for Field Area Network." Climate and Energy 40, no. 6 (2023): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.22381.
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Uninterrupted grid edge connectivity is essential for distribution utilities driving towards a future where efficient, secure, and reliable field area network (FAN) operation is not just preferable but required. Communications and network connectivity have been rapidly evolving over the last several years and will continue to do so—including in the areas of spectrum options, carrier solutions, device manufacturers, core manufacturers, and network management options. Utilities have a greater choice of options to deploy, while needing to remain prudent in their investments. One of the options gaining traction in the United States is the private virtual network operator (PVNO) model.
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Kramarz, Marzena, and Mariusz Kmiecik. "The Role of the Logistics Operator in the Network Coordination of Omni-Channels." Applied Sciences 14, no. 12 (2024): 5206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14125206.
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This research aims to bridge a critical gap within the realm of logistics coordination, specifically targeted at bolstering the coordination of flows in omni-channels. The outcome of this study culminates in the creation of a comprehensive tool for evaluating logistics operators, discerning those who exhibit supreme proficiency in orchestrating network dynamics within omni-channel contexts. To fulfil the objectives of this paper and elucidate pertinent research inquiries, an exhaustive literature review is coupled with meticulous scrutiny of the SCOPUS database via the advanced VOSviewer 1.6.20 software. The research delineates an array of coordination mechanisms accessible to logistics operators, which can be judiciously tailored as a bespoke fusion of market-driven, social, hierarchical, and logistical coordination tactics. These mechanisms expand upon antecedent investigations, encompassing both network coordination paradigms and the pivotal role of logistics operators within omni-channel frameworks. Experts assessed that forecasting network flows is the most significant element in logistical coordination, receiving a weight of 0.1312, while managing network participants’ resources from the logistics operator level received a weight of 0.1148. A tangible contribution to the academic discourse transpires as we introduce a pioneering tool meticulously designed for stakeholders entrenched in omni-channel distribution networks. Termed the ‘Multicriteria Assessment Sheet for Evaluating the Coordination Competence of Logistics Operators within Omni-channel Systems,’ this instrument augments the scholarly landscape.
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Ivanov, Ovidiu, Samiran Chattopadhyay, Soumya Banerjee, Bogdan-Constantin Neagu, Gheorghe Grigoras, and Mihai Gavrilas. "A Novel Algorithm with Multiple Consumer Demand Response Priorities in Residential Unbalanced LV Electricity Distribution Networks." Mathematics 8, no. 8 (2020): 1220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8081220.
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Demand Side Management (DSM) is becoming necessary in residential electricity distribution networks where local electricity trading is implemented. Amongst the DSM tools, Demand Response (DR) is used to engage the consumers in the market by voluntary disconnection of high consumption receptors at peak demand hours. As a part of the transition to Smart Grids, there is a high interest in DR applications for residential consumers connected in intelligent grids which allow remote controlling of receptors by electricity distribution system operators and Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) at consumer homes. This paper proposes a novel algorithm for multi-objective DR optimization in low voltage distribution networks with unbalanced loads, that takes into account individual consumer comfort settings and several technical objectives for the network operator. Phase load balancing, two approaches for minimum comfort disturbance of consumers and two alternatives for network loss reduction are proposed as objectives for DR. An original and faster method of replacing load flow calculations in the evaluation of the feasible solutions is proposed. A case study demonstrates the capabilities of the algorithm.
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Grujić, Dunja, Miloš Kuzman, and Željko Đurišić. "The Use of Price Signals to Accelerate the Energy Transition." Energija, ekonomija, ekologija XXVI, no. 4 (2024): 11–18. https://doi.org/10.46793/eee24-4.11g.
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Energy transition from fossil to renewable energy sources has accelerated significantly in the past few years due to the dramatic consequences of environmental pollution, climate change and the decreasing level of fossil fuel reserves. This paper presents certain energy transition challenges faced by the distribution system operator, some of which are: difficult management of the distribution power system, increase in energy losses, as well as the need for additional investments in the distribution network in order to enable the connection of new system users. One of the possibilities for facilitating the operation of the distribution system operator in the conditions of energy transition is management of electricity consumption and production. The possibility of using dynamic electricity prices and changing the way of determining prices of access to the distribution power system with the aim of managing consumption and production with price signals was analysed in this paper. The current price models of suppliers and operators of the distribution system in Montenegro and the Republic of Serbia are shown here. In addition to this, the paper also presents proposals of new price models and their impact on operators of the distribution system, suppliers, and system users.
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Kmiecik, Mariusz. "Supporting of manufacturer’s demand plans as an element of logistics coordination in the distribution network." Production Engineering Archives 29, no. 1 (2023): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2023.29.9.
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Abstract The paper deals with the concept of centralized demand forecasting and logistical coordination in distribution networks. The aim of the paper is to relate the results provided by the forecasting tools to the basic aspects of logistical coordination. The case of 29 distribution networks in which a logistics operator (3PL) operates and provides contract logistics services to a manufacturing company is analysed. The paper partially confirms the hypothesis of better testability of forecasts based on machine learning algorithms and artificial neural networks for demand planning by the logistics operator to the manufacturer in the framework of logistics coordination in the distribution network. These algorithms perform better for networks with high specificity of flows and food networks. Traditional algorithms, on the other hand, have their better share in creating forecasts for more standard distribution networks. Additionally, the second hypothesis regarding the positive influence of modern technological solutions (such as the use of cloud technologies, EDI and flow tracking standards) was confirmed. Additionally, a number of factors that did not have a direct impact on forecasting errors were detailed.
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Zhang, Meijian, and Hongwei Sun. "Regression learning with non-identically and non-independently sampling." International Journal of Wavelets, Multiresolution and Information Processing 15, no. 01 (2017): 1750007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219691317500072.
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In this paper, we study the performance of kernel-based regression learning with non-iid sampling. The non-iid samples are drawn from different probability distributions with the same conditional distribution. A more general marginal distribution assumption is proposed. Under this assumption, the consistency of the regularization kernel network (RKN) and the coefficient regularization kernel network (CRKN) are proved. Satisfactory capacity independently error bounds and learning rates are derived by the techniques of integral operator.
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Dandea, Vasilica, and Gheorghe Grigoras. "Expert System Integrating Rule-Based Reasoning to Voltage Control in Photovoltaic-Systems-Rich Low Voltage Electric Distribution Networks: A Review and Results of a Case Study." Applied Sciences 13, no. 10 (2023): 6158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13106158.
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Nowadays, in low voltage electric distribution networks, the distribution network operators are encountering a high number of connected small-scale distributed generation units, mainly photovoltaic prosumers. The intermittent nature of the prosumers, together with the degree of uncertainty of the requested and injected powers associated with all end-users from low voltage electric distribution networks, can cause voltage variations that violate the allowable limits. In this context, this paper developed an efficient and resilient expert system integrating rule-based reasoning applied to the on-load tap changer-fitted transformer to improve the efficiency of the voltage control in the PV-rich LV EDNs. An in-depth analysis based on 75 scenarios, resulting from the combinations of three indicators—the penetration degree of the photovoltaic prosumers, the consumption evolution associated with the consumers, and the energy production of the photovoltaic systems—was performed to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed expert system in a low voltage electric distribution network from a rural area belonging to a Romanian distribution network operator. The success rate of the expert system was 86.7% (65 out of 75 scenarios did not have voltage issues). All voltages were between the allowable limits in 100% of the time slots associated with the analysed period. For the other scenarios (representing 13.3%), voltages were inside the range [−10%, +10%] in at least 95% of the time slots.
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Privalov, Andrey, Daniil Titov, and Aleksandr Tolstihin. "Program of visualisation of results of evaluation and analysis of IP-network functioning quality under the influence of cyber-attacks." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 21, no. 4 (2024): 973–80. https://doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2024-04-973-980.
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Purpose: the purpose of this paper is to develop software that is able to visualise the operation of an IP telephone network under cyberattacks using the mathematical model proposed in the research paper. The software should provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of attacks on network performance, as well as provide results in an easy to interpret graphical form. Methods: mathematical analysis and counting analysis methods were used to achieve the objectives. The basic mathematical models include equations to calculate impact distribution, restoration time and other network parameters. The programme applies numerical integration and differentiation to calculate the service time distribution. The distribution models include exponential, impulse and gamma distributions. Poisson, Weibull and Pareto distributions were used as distribution functions for random data flow parameters. Results: the software is able to simulate different cyberattack scenarios and their impact on key network metrics, analysing characteristics such as delivery time, packet loss probability and network resilience. The results of the analysis show how different types of impacts and recovery parameters affect network performance, allowing the operator to evaluate the effectiveness of different protection and damage techniques. Practical innovativeness: the results obtained in the course of technological modelling can be used to improve the stability and reliability of telecommunication systems, especially those operating on Supertel equipment. The software provides operators with a tool to analyse network conditions, develop preventive measures and optimise post-impact recovery strategies. It can also be integrated into a decision support system and used to identify cases of unauthorised access.
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Grigoras, Gheorghe, and Bogdan-Constantin Neagu. "Smart Meter Data-Based Three-Stage Algorithm to Calculate Power and Energy Losses in Low Voltage Distribution Networks." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 3008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153008.
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In this paper, an improved smart meter data-based three-stage algorithm to calculate the power/energy losses in three-phase networks with the voltage level below 0.4 kV (low voltage—LV) is presented. In the first stage, the input data regarding the hourly active and reactive powers of the consumers and producers are introduced. The powers are loaded from the database of the smart metering system (SMS) for the consumers and producers integrated in this system or files containing the characteristic load profiles established by the Distribution Network Operator for the consumers, which have installed the conventional meters non-integrated in the SMS. In the second stage, a function, which is based on the work with the structure vectors, was implemented to easily identify the configuration of analysed networks. In the third stage, an improved version of a forward/backward sweep-based algorithm was proposed to quickly calculate the power/energy losses to three-phase LV distribution networks in a balanced and unbalanced regime. A real LV rural distribution network from a pilot zone belonging to a Distribution Network Operator from Romania was used to confirm the accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The comparison with the results obtained using the DigSilent PowerFactory Simulation Package certified the performance of the algorithm, with the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) being 0.94%.
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Yu, Lei, Tian Yang Zhao, Xu Wu, and Jian Hua Zhang. "Overview of Impacts of Distribution Generations and Micro Grids on Active Distribution Network Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.103.
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With recent development of technology and management in power market and equipment, more and more distributed generation (DG) is embedded in the distribution network. However the approach of connecting DG in most cases is based on a so-called ‘fit and forget’ policy and the capacity of DG is limited rigidly by distribution system operator to avoid the negative effects of high level penetration. New management technologies have been proposed to handle the integration of DGs in the distribution networks. In this review, the micro grid (MG) was treated as the local control method to coordinate DGs within a small area of distribution network. And the active distribution network (AND) was treated as the global control mechanism to actively manage DGs, MGs and other equipment. The operation framework of ADN was firstly introduced. Then based on the static and dynamic models of DGs and MGs, impacts of DGs and MGs on the ADN are surveyed from power quality, stability to the operation. Finally, the conclusion and suggestion is given in this paper.
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Xu, Linglei, Qiangqiang Xie, Liang Zheng, Yongzhu Hua, Lihuan Shao, and Jiadong Cui. "Stackelberg-Game-Based Demand Response for Voltage Regulation in Distribution Network with High Penetration of Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103654.
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With the development of the economy, electricity demand continues to increase, and the time for electricity consumption is concentrated, which leads to increasing pressure on the voltage regulation of the distribution network. For example, a large number of electric vehicles charging during a low-price period may cause the problem of under-voltage of the distribution network. On the other hand, the penetration of distributed power generation of renewable energy may cause over-voltage problems in the distribution network. This study proposes a Stackelberg game model between the distribution system operator and the load aggregator. In the Stackelberg game model, the distribution system operator affects the users’ electricity consumption time by issuing subsidies to decrease the frequency of voltage violations. As the representative of users, the load aggregator helps the users schedule the demand during the subsidized period to maximize profits. Case studies are carried out on the IEEE 33-bus power distribution system. The results show that the time of the subsidy can be optimized based on the Stackelberg game model. Both the distribution system operator and the load aggregator can obtain the optimal economic profits and then comprehensively improve the operating reliability and economy of the power distribution system.
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Ante Pavić and Kruno Trupinić. "ELECTRICAL ENERGY LOSSES IN THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK." Journal of Energy - Energija 56, no. 2 (2022): 182–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2007562352.
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Losses of electrical energy in the Croatian distribution network are frequently the subject of various discussions, from the professional and business aspects as well as in the media, and their analysis is an intricate matter complicated by the problem of the distinction between technical and nontechnical losses. In the article, the main factors and their impact on the amount of loss are described, with particular attention to trends in the past and current decade and comparison to losses in other European countries. Moreover, the chief activities for reducing these losses effectively are described. With the new legislative framework, the reduction of losses becomes a central concern for both the distribution system operator and the Croatian Energy Regulatory Agency (CERA).
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Kelm, Paweł, Irena Wasiak, Rozmysław Mieński, et al. "Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation of an Energy Management System for LV Distribution Networks with Renewable Energy Sources." Energies 15, no. 7 (2022): 2561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072561.
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This paper presents the use of real-time digital simulator (RTDS) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) methods for the validation of an energy management system designed for real low-voltage (LV) distribution networks with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. The system is used to address voltage violations and current overloading issues and allows the network operator to maintain safe and controllable network operations. The applied control strategy and the system software were verified by means of simulations. In this paper, the next stage of system validation using the HIL method is presented. A testbed was designed and developed to test the operation of prototype controllers of the system in flexible and reproducible conditions before installing them in the network. The presented testing platform not only includes the LV network simulator with the power amplifiers needed for closed-loop setup but also additional elements of a real network to which the system is dedicated, i.e., the advanced metering infrastructure, photovoltaic source, and energy storage inverters and load devices. Furthermore, the real cellular network of the distribution network operator is used in the communication between the controllers. In addition, the article contains discussions on communication issues, including limitations related to selected protocols. Finally, examples of the experimental validation of the controller prototypes are presented.
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Li, Guocheng, Guorui Hu, Haichao Cui, et al. "Generation of distribution network topology based on the LASSO algorithm." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2898, no. 1 (2024): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2898/1/012047.
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Abstract A new method for intelligent generation of distribution network topology is proposed to address the challenge of monitoring the distribution network topology. Initially, the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) technique is applied to calculate the correlation matrix among buses in the distribution grid. Through simulations, it has been shown that this method can effectively and precisely generate distribution network structures, both with and without loops, using time-series voltage data, even when prior knowledge of the network is not available.
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Wang, Yang, Youzhuo Zheng, Kang Tang, Zhong Yang, and Lei Wen. "Double layer optimization control strategy for distribution network based on population algorithm and demand optimization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2849, no. 1 (2024): 012105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2849/1/012105.
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Abstract The double-layer optimization control method for distribution networks based on complementary electricity and demand response designed in this article has two significant advantages. Firstly, it takes into account the complex electricity production and transportation situation in mountainous areas and comprehensively optimizes and combines scheduling for distributed energy transportation and access to the distribution network. Secondly, considering the network with the player side, a double-layer optimization management is carried out to achieve a win-win situation for distributed energy between the distribution network and the microgrid. The present invention aims to search for multiple optimal solutions in multi-objective optimization and combined scheduling of distributed energy. In double-layer optimization management, the upper function is the maximization of the distribution network operator, and the lower objective function is to minimize the operating costs expected by each user.
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Forcan, Miodrag, Aleksandar Simović, Srđan Jokić, and Jovana Forcan. "A Zonal Approach for Wide-Area Temporary Voltage Quality Assessment in a Smart Grid." Energies 17, no. 11 (2024): 2475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17112475.
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Wide-area voltage quality assessment represents one of the mandatory objectives for distribution system operators in the development of advanced distribution management systems supporting smart grid requirements. This paper introduces a zonal approach for wide-area temporary voltage quality evaluation in a distribution network. The concept of temporary voltage quality evaluation and assessment is recommended to incentivize active/online management of voltage quality issues. A decision support system based on simple deterministic rules is proposed for rating the voltage quality zones in a distribution network and making recommendations to the distribution system operator. Voltage RMS level, unbalance, and total harmonic distortion are considered voltage quality indices representing the inputs in the decision support system. Residential, commercial, and industrial load types are considered when setting the thresholds for voltage quality indices. The proposed zonal approach for the division of distribution networks in voltage quality zones is applied to the example of a typical European-type distribution network. The operation of a decision support system is tested using the developed distribution smart grid model. The following simulation case studies are conducted: loads with low power factors, manual voltage regulation at MV/LV transformers, unbalanced loads, integration of solar power plant, and nonlinear loads. The obtained simulation results reveal the benefits of the proposed voltage quality assessment approach. Cybersecurity challenges that may impact the proposed approach are addressed, including security vulnerabilities, data privacy, and resilience to cyber threats.
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Wang, Wenbi. "Development of a Baseline Workload Model for Future Submarine Sonar Crewing Analysis." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601154.
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A computational human performance model was developed to analyze sonar operator workload using the legacy sonar system on the Royal Canadian Navy’s Victoria-Class Submarine. The paper describes key components of the model, including a task network for representing operator activities, the Visual, Auditory, Cognitive and Psychomotor (VACP) algorithm for characterizing task demand, and a discrete-event simulation for predicting operator workload. Results from a simulation experiment revealed high levels of task demand imposed by the adopted mission scenario and an uneven distribution of workload among four sonar operators under a specific contact assignment scheme. The results establish a set of performance benchmarks that will be used for evaluating workload predictions made by a future model of a new sonar system, supporting quantifiable assessment of crewing options for the future sonar system.
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Yuan, Xiaodong, Xize Jiao, Mingshen Wang, Huachun Han, Shukang Lv, and Fei Zeng. "Pricing Strategies for Distribution Network Electric Vehicle Operators Considering the Uncertainty of Renewable Energy." Processes 12, no. 6 (2024): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12061230.
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In the future, the active load of the distribution network side will be dominated by electric vehicles (EVs), showing that the charging power demand of electric vehicles will change with the change in charging electricity price. With the popularity of electric vehicles in the distribution network, their aggregation operators will play a more prominent role in pricing management and charging behavior, and setting an appropriate charging price can achieve a win–win situation for operators and electric vehicle users. At the same time, the proportion of scenery in the distribution network is relatively high, and the uncertainty of self-output has a certain impact on the pricing strategy of operators and the charging behavior of electric vehicle users, which has become an important research topic. Based on the above background, an EV operator pricing strategy considering the landscape uncertainty is proposed, a Stackelberg game model is established to maximize the respective benefits of operators and EV users, and the two-layer model is further transformed into a single-layer model through the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) condition and duality theorem. Finally, the IEEE 33 system is simulated with the CPLEX solver, and the global optimal pricing strategy is obtained. Simulation results prove that electric vehicle operators experience a maximum profit increase of 2.6% due to the impact of maximum capacity of energy storage equipment and the uncertainty of renewable energy output can result in electric vehicle operators losing approximately 20% of their profits at most.
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Liu, Yang, Sanming Liu, and Zhuangzhuang Niu. "Distributed Optimization for Active Distribution Network Considering the Balance of Multi-Stakeholder." Processes 8, no. 8 (2020): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8080987.
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Nowadays, distributed power generation is highly valued and fully developed since the energy crisis is worsening. At the same time, the distribution system operator is becoming a new stakeholder to take part in the dispatch of the active distribution network (ADN) with the power market being further reformed. Some new challenges to the dispatching of the ADN are brought by these distribution system operators (DSO), which break the traditional requirement of the lowest operating cost. In this paper, the relationship between the maximum revenue and the minimum operating cost of the ADN is fully considered, and the model of the bi-level distributed ADN considering the benefits and privacy protection of multi-stakeholder is established precisely. Further, the model is solved by using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) in which the safety and economy of the ADN are fully considered. Finally, the validity of the model and the feasibility of the algorithm are verified by using the adjusted IEEE 33 bus.
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Zhang, Limei, Honglei Yang, Jing Lv, Yongfu Liu, and Wei Tang. "Multiobjective Optimization Approach for Coordinating Different DG from Distribution Network Operator." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018 (November 15, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4790942.
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Integrating with analysis of uncertainties, this paper presented a multiobjective optimization approach for coordinating different DG from the perspective of Distribution Network Operator (DISOPER). Aiming to three uncertain factors including fuzzy variable, random variable, and interval variable, the information entropy and interval analysis methods are adopted to construct multistate models of multisource uncertainty. The information entropy method is to convert fuzzy variable into equivalent random variable. Interval analysis method is to transform random variables into interval variables by setting a confidence level. Then plenty of simulation analysis based on the small probability event and expectation are investigated to reduce the computational burden and eliminate invalid computation. Subsequently, multiobjective formulations based on multistate are built by analyzing systematical power loss, voltage quality, reliability, and environment change provide some reference for DISOPER in dealing with access of privately owned DG units. Furthermore, based on network topology analysis and modified nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA), a combinatorial optimization method is proposed to reduce search space and solve the constructed formulations efficiently. Simulations are carried out on IEEE 37-bus systems and results are presented and discussed.
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Vangulick, David, Damien Ernst, and Thierry Van Cutsem. "Resilience of the distribution system operator network near to 50.2 Hz." CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal 2017, no. 1 (2017): 2520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0294.
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Cheng, Honghu, Yongbo Li, Hailong Jiang, Wenbing Sun, Chao Wei, and Xia Huang. "A Multi-Type Distributed Renewable Energy Aggregators Collaborative Operation Model Based on Non-Cooperative Game Theory." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3015, no. 1 (2025): 012011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3015/1/012011.
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Abstract The integration of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as distributed photovoltaics, wind power, and electric vehicles, into distribution networks is becoming increasingly prevalent. These resources are also being evaluated for participation in the electricity market as aggregators (AGs), aiming to trade electricity with distribution network operator or other AGs to optimize economic returns. In response to this development, this paper proposes a multi-AG trading architecture and model that integrates DERs. This framework enables various types of AGs to engage in electricity trading with distribution grid operator (DGO). Building on this foundation, the paper establishes a non-cooperative game model based on the specified architecture and rules, and presents the corresponding Nash equilibrium solution. A case study is conducted within the established multi-AG-DGO system, showcasing the Nash equilibrium solution results and the interest functions of the game participants. The proposed transaction mechanism and game model have significant practical implications, offering valuable insights for the formulation of equitable transaction modes and rules for distribution networks.
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Vokony, I., G. M. Péter, P. Sőrés, and B. Hartmann. "One Network for Europe – Scalability and Replicability in View of Harmonised Electricity Markets." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 21, no. 1 (2023): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.290.
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Renewable energy production is mentioned by many as one of the key factors in mitigating the effects of climate change. However, there may be several downsides to the spread of renewables, such as their impact on the balance of the electricity system and on receiving networks. The project OneNet (One Network for Europe) is funded through the EU’s eighth Framework Programme Horizon 2020. It is titled “TSO – DSO (TransmissionDistribution System Operator) Consumer: Large-scale demonstrations of innovative grid services through demand response, storage and small-scale (Renewable Energy Source) generation” and responds to the call “Building a low-carbon, climate resilient future”. While the electrical grid is moving from being a fully centralized to a highly decentralized system, grid operators must adapt to this changing environment and adjust their current business model to accommodate faster reactions and adaptive flexibility. This is an unprecedented challenge requiring an unprecedented solution. Thus, the two major associations of grid operators in Europe, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) and European Distribution System Operators (EDSO), have activated their members to establish a unique consortium.
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Engelhardt, M., D. Savic, P. Skipworth, A. Cashman, A. Saul, and G. Walters. "Whole life costing: application to water distribution network." Water Supply 3, no. 1-2 (2003): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0090.
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There is an increasing pressure from the economic regulator in England and Wales for water companies to ensure that their capital maintenance decisions reflect an understanding of the long-term impact on their operational costs and risks. This implies that decisions must not only reflect the costs borne now but the likely costs in the future, and how these might be optimised. It is noteworthy that within the construction and transport industries, asset management decisions which have been driven in this direction utilise a whole life costing (WLC) methodology. This paper addresses the implications of transferring the concept of WLC to service-based assets such as water systems. A WLC approach to distribution network management aims to achieve the lowest network provision and operating cost when all costs are considered to achieve standards enforced by regulation. Cognisance is to be taken of all relevant costs - direct and indirect, private and societal - in order to balance the needs of the service supplier, the customer, society and the environment in a sustainable manner. A WLC analysis thus attempts to develop a cost profile over the life of the asset. Accounting for the costs over this period is achieved through a combination of activity based costing (ABC) and a life cycle assessment (LCA) used to identify potential social and environmental costs. This process means that each of these identified costs must be linked to some physical parameter that itself varies over time due to changing demands on the system, the different operational strategies available to the operator and natural deterioration of the fabric of the system. The links established between the cost and activities of the operator provide the basis for the development of a WLC decision tool (WiLCO) for application to water distribution network management.
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González González, David, Edward Mutafungwa, Beneyam Haile, Jyri Hämäläinen, and Héctor Poveda. "A Planning and Optimization Framework for Ultra Dense Cellular Deployments." Mobile Information Systems 2017 (2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9242058.
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To accommodate the ever-expanding wireless data traffic volumes, mobile network operators are complementing their macrocellular networks by deploying low-power base stations (or small cells) to offload traffic from congested macrocells and to reuse spectrum. To that end, Ultra Dense Network (UDN) deployments provide means to aggressively reuse spectrum, thus providing significant enhancements in terms of system capacity. However, these deployments entail several challenges, including the increased complexity in network planning and optimization. In this paper, we propose a versatile optimization framework for planning UDN deployments. The planning and optimization framework is underpinned by metrics that consider scalability in terms of number of users, cost of densification, and fairness. The proposed methodology is evaluated using a real-world UDN planning case. The numerical results expose a number of interesting insights, including the impact of different bandwidth allocation strategies and spatial service demand distribution on the performance of various network topologies. Specifically, we provide a performance comparison of the optimized UDN topologies versus random (unplanned), regular grid, and heuristically derived UDN topologies. This comparison further underlines the need for flexible network planning and optimization frameworks as different operator performance metrics of interest may require different radio access networks configurations.
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Morais, Hugo, Tiago Sousa, Rui Castro, and Zita Vale. "Multi-Objective Electric Vehicles Scheduling Using Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (2020): 7978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10227978.
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The introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) will have an important impact on global power systems, in particular on distribution networks. Several approaches can be used to schedule the charge and discharge of EVs in coordination with the other distributed energy resources connected on the network operated by the distribution system operator (DSO). The aggregators, as virtual power plants (VPPs), can help the system operator in the management of these distributed resources taking into account the network characteristics. In the present work, an innovative hybrid methodology using deterministic and the elitist nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) for the EV scheduling problem is proposed. The main goal is to test this method with two conflicting functions (cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions minimization) and performing a comparison with a deterministic approach. The proposed method shows clear advantages in relation to the deterministic method, namely concerning the execution time (takes only 2% of the time) without impacting substantially the obtained results in both objectives (less than 5%).
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Antonello, Niccolo, and Philip N. Garner. "A $t$-Distribution Based Operator for Enhancing Out of Distribution Robustness of Neural Network Classifiers." IEEE Signal Processing Letters 27 (2020): 1070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lsp.2020.3001843.
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Schröter, Tamara, André Richter, Jens Götze, André Naumann, Jenny Gronau, and Martin Wolter. "Substation Related Forecasts of Electrical Energy Storage Systems: Transmission System Operator Requirements." Energies 13, no. 23 (2020): 6207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236207.
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The growth in volatile renewable energy (RE) generation is accompanied by an increasing network load and an increasing demand for storage units. Household storage systems and micro power plants, in particular, represent an uncertainty factor for distribution networks, as well as transmission networks. Due to missing data exchanges, transmission system operators cannot take into account the impact of household storage systems in their network load and generation forecasts. Thus, neglecting the increasing number of household storage systems leads to increasing forecast inaccuracies. To consider the impact of the storage systems on forecasting, this paper presents a new approach to calculate a substation-specific storage forecast, which includes both substation-specific RE generation and load forecasts. For the storage forecast, storage systems and micro power plants are assigned to substations. Based on their aggregated behavior, the impact on the forecasted RE generation and load is determined. The load and generation are forecasted by combining several optimization approaches to minimize the forecasting errors. The concept is validated using data from the German transmission system operator, 50 Hertz Transmission GmbH. This investigation demonstrates the significance of using a battery storage forecast with an integrated load and generation forecast.
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Dowejko, Jakub, and Bartosz Pilecki. "Micro-scale installations and the energy network of Distribution System Operator - on the example of Enea Operator." Procedia Computer Science 192 (2021): 4933–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.09.271.
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Sabzalian, Mohammad Hosein, Sasan Pirouzi, Mauricio Aredes, Bruno Wanderley Franca, and Ana Carolina Cunha. "Two-Layer Coordinated Energy Management Method in the Smart Distribution Network including Multi-Microgrid Based on the Hybrid Flexible and Securable Operation Strategy." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (October 7, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3378538.
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With the advent of smart grid theory, distribution networks can include different microgrids (MGs). Therefore, to achieve the desired technical and economic objectives in these networks, there is a need for bilateral coordination between their operators. In the following, by defining an energy management problem for them, it is predicted that the mentioned goals can be achieved. Therefore, this paper presents the hybrid flexible-securable operation (HFSO) of a smart distribution network (SDN) with grid-connected multi-microgrids using a two-layer coordinated energy management strategy. In the first layer, the microgrid (MG) operator is coordinated with sources, storages, and demand response operators. This layer models the HFSO method in the grid-connected MGs, which is based on minimizing the difference between the sum of operating cost of nonrenewable distributed generations and cost of energy received from the SDN, and the sum of flexibility and security benefits. It is constrained to AC optimal power flow, flexibility and voltage security constraints, operation model of sources and storages, and demand response. The second layer concerns coordination between the MG operators and the SDN operator. Its formulation is the same as that of the first layer, except that the HFSO model is used in the SDN according to MGs power daily data obtained from the first layer problem. The strategy converts the mixed-integer nonlinear programming to linear one to obtain the optimal solution with low calculation time and error. Moreover, stochastic programming models the uncertainties of load, energy price, and renewable power. Eventually, numerical results confirm the capability of the scheme to improve technical and economic indices simultaneously. As a result, by expecting the optimal operation for sources, storage, and responsive loads, it succeeded to enhance energy loss, voltage profile, and voltage security of the mentioned networks by up to 30%, 22%, and 5%, respectively, compared to power flow studies. In addition, there was enhancement in economic and flexibility status of the SDN and MGs.
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García-Muñoz, Fernando, Mariana Jiménez-Martínez, Josh Eichman, Cristina Corchero, and Gabriela Benveniste. "Exploring the Viability of Local Electricity Markets for Managing Congestion in Spanish Distribution Networks." Energies 17, no. 3 (2024): 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17030659.
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This article presents the methodology and results developed as part of the Integration of Energy Resources through Local Electricity Markets (IREMEL) project, whose aim is to assess the capability of flexibility markets to manage eventual distribution network (DN) congestion produced by a high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs), including photovoltaic (PV) panels, battery energy storage systems (BESSs), and electric vehicles (EVs). The distribution system simulator OpenDSS has been used to simulate three Spanish DNs under multiple DER penetration scenarios considering an urban and rural low-voltage network and an industrial medium-voltage DN. Likewise, the congestion events detected in the annual simulations have been used to measure the potential of flexibility markets under different DER penetrations and energy pricing. The results suggest that oversized distribution networks could prevent a profitable flexibility market implementation since the simulations developed in this article shows that networks with high congestion levels are prime candidates to solve this issue through a market mechanism. Likewise, the results suggest that a proper price for the energy managed through a local flexibility market (LFM) could have a bigger effect on market viability than DER penetration.
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Banghiore, George, Octavia Moise, and Mari-Isabella Stan. "Key determinants for the economic and operational sustainability of sewerage services." Ovidius University Annals of Constanta - Series Civil Engineering 26, no. 1 (2024): 96–103. https://doi.org/10.2478/ouacsce-2024-0011.
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Abstract This paper analyses the determinants of the economic and operational sustainability of sewerage services at the level of an economic operator, using data from an 11-year period, focusing on investments from European funds, network extension, environmental compliance and tariff policy. The results reveal uneven distribution of investments and high volumes of untreated wastewater, which reveal deficiencies in planning and infrastructure. Connected population is identified as a key factor for financial sustainability. Slow network expansion and tariff stability limit the ability of operators to invest in modernization. The results provide practical directions for improving the management of sewerage services in the long term.
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Kmiecik, Mariusz. "Automation of warehouse resource planning process by using a cloud demand forecasting tool." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2023, no. 166 (2023): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2022.166.26.
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Purpose: Research paper is an extension of the concept connected with demand forecasting function acquisition by logistics operators in the whole distribution network (concept is considered among others in the following papers: (Kmiecik, 2021a, 2021b, 2020). The concept of centralized forecasting assumes that a logistics operator, whose attributes coincide with the features selected through analysis of forecasting-able entities in the distribution networks and flagship enterprises, is able to take over the forecasting function for the whole distribution network. Paper, which is based on the mentioned concept, shows one of the first stages of its implementation. This stage is the implementation of the forecasting tool in the logistics operator's actions to support his operational activities. Currently, the logistics operator doesn't conduct the forecasting activity, but there are attempts aimed at implementation of forecasting tool and increasing the offered services' added value level. Operational activity, which will be first to be supported, is the process of planning the warehouse resources. Mentioned resources concern the human and internal transportation resources, which are needed for fulfilling the processes connected with SKU (Stock Keeping Units) releasing from the warehouse. The main paper purpose to examine the concept the of automated cloud-based resource planning process at the selected 3PL entity which provides logistics services to wide range of manufacturers in the distribution network using the computer simulation model with comparison with the current resource planning process. Design/methodology/approach: Following research paper based on analysis the survey results and analyzing the simulation results. In the survey were tested the warehouse managers which are responsible for resource planning process. The analysis provides the general requirements of managers about resource planning process supported by automated cloud-based demand forecasting solution and information about expected forecasting tool accuracy. In the paper there were also created two simulation models based on BPMN 2.0 standard. First model reflects the current shape of resource planning process and was created to compare to the second, improved model. Improved model includes the examining of automated cloud-based resource planning solution. Findings: The main expectations of 3PL operational managers about usage the demand forecasting tool is to support of warehouse resource planning. They also state that the expected accuracy of such a tool is the weekly MAPE not greater than 5%. The main benefits of proposed solution are the time decreasing, increasing the level of automation, showing the main areas when the agile point of view should be implemented and show the perspective of resource possibility of usage in the different activities (beside the resource planning process). Originality/value: Automation and fully cloud integration will allow to reduce the process time more than 60% (in total and in average one process time). There are also some disadvantages of proposed solution which could be reduced by using other trends connected with Industry 4.0 development and by developing the collaborative strategies of the particular nodes of distribution networks. Keywords: logistics operator; distribution network; warehouse management; demand forecasting; BPMN 2.0 model. Category of the paper: research paper.
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Chen, Bao Fan, and De Yin Du. "Divergence Operator a Novel Power Conditioning System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 678 (October 2014): 524–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.678.524.
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In order to improve the dynamic behavior of the weak link in power transmission and distribution network, studied a new regulator using the divergence operator to disturbance, improve power and high voltage power system, the divergent regulator based on the frequency response characteristics were simulated using the DIgSILENT software, the effect of good.
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Lin, Wei, Xiaolong Jin, Yunfei Mu, et al. "Game-theory based trading analysis between distribution network operator and multi-microgrids." Energy Procedia 158 (February 2019): 3387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.945.
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Džananović, Ajdin, Suada Dacić, and Ermin Muharemović. "Key evaluation criteria for assessing the introduction of electric vehicles into the logistics operators fleet." Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54327/set2022/v2.i2.39.
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Increasing demands for logistics services cause several challenges related to total costs and meeting global environmental requirements. Logistic operators make efforts to improve all logistic processes and the distribution chain system by optimizing distribution networks and transport routes. Also, using clean or renewable energy help to meet the above-mentioned requirements by using environmentally friendly means of transportation such as electric and hybrid vehicles. The replacement of conventional with electric vehicles provides numerous benefits for improving the efficiency of the distribution chain system. This process is part of the concept known as Green Logistics, which strives to minimize the environmental impact of the logistics network and delivery. This paper focuses on identification of indicators for evaluating the acceptability of replacing conventional vehicles with electric vehicles in the fleet of logistics operators. We propose an evaluation matrix based on key indicators such as total costs, eco score fleet rating, and range and energy supply of vehicles. We use these indicators to determine the advantages, challenges, and possibilities of introducing electric vehicles in the logistics operator’s fleet. Also, we conducted a multi-criteria analysis of replacing conventional with electric vehicles in the fleet of one logistics operator.