Relevant bibliographies by topics / Distribution of PITs between budgets

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Distribution of PITs between budgets'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Distribution of PITs between budgets"

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Udisti, Roberto, Silvia Becagli, Silvia Benassai, et al. "Atmosphere–snow interaction by a comparison between aerosol and uppermost snow-layers composition at Dome C, East Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781814474.

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AbstractThe study of aerosol composition and air–snow exchange processes is relevant to the reconstruction of past atmosphere composition from ice cores. For this purpose, aerosol samples, superficial snow layers and firn samples from snow pits were collected at Dome Concordia station, East Antarctica, during the 2000/01 summer field season. The aerosol was collected in a ‘coarse’ and a ‘fine’ fraction, roughly separated from each other by a stacked filter system (5.0 and 0.4 μm). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) direct measurements on the fine fraction showed that 72% of surface size distributio
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Proposito, Marco, Silvia Becagli, Emiliano Castellano, et al. "Chemical and isotopic snow variability along the 1998 ITASE traverse from Terra Nova Bay to Dome C, East Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 35 (2002): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817167.

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AbstractIn the framework of the PNRA–ITASE (Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide–International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition) project, during the field season 1998/99, surface snow (1m cores and pits) and shallow firn cores (10–50m) were collected along a traverse from Terra Nova Bay (northern Victoria Land) to Dome C (East Antarctic ice sheet). Results of chemical, tritium and stable-isotope composition are presented here for the 1 m cores, some snow pits and the first 2 mof some shallow firn cores. the δ18O values show a regular trend with altitude, and the regression line be
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Sano, Yuzou, Tomohiro Ohta, and Steven Jansen. "The Distribution and Structure of Pits Between Vessels and Imperforate Tracheary Elements in Angiosperm Woods." IAWA Journal 29, no. 1 (2008): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000165.

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This study focuses on the interspecific variation in the distribution and structure of pits between vessels and imperforate tracheary elements. Specimens from the outer sapwood of eight species, in which vessel elements are frequently in contact with fibres and/or tracheids, were prepared using two different techniques and examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. In three species in which vessels are surrounded by vasicentric tracheids and/or fibres with distinctly bordered pits, pit pairs frequently occurred in walls between vessels and imperforate tracheary elements. In the f
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Kim, Jong Sik, and Geoffrey Daniel. "DISTRIBUTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, PECTINS AND HEMICELLULOSES IN MATURE PIT MEMBRANES AND ITS VARIATION BETWEEN PIT TYPES IN ENGLISH OAK XYLEM (QUERCUS ROBUR)." IAWA Journal 37, no. 3 (2016): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20160143.

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Although there is considerable information on the chemistry of bordered intervessel pit membranes, little is known on the pit membrane chemistry of other pit types in hardwoods. This study investigated distribution of phenolic compounds, pectins and hemicelluloses in different mature pit membranes of English oak xylem using transmission electron microscopy coupled with cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry. Mature bordered intertracheid (vasicentric)- and tracheid-vessel pits showed presence of xyloglucan and heteromannan (hemicelluloses) epitopes across the pit membrane (except for the annulu
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Miao, Changqing, Jie Yu, and Mingxing Mei. "Distribution law of corrosion pits on steel suspension wires for a tied arch bridge." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 63, no. 3 (2016): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-11-2015-1605.

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Purpose This paper aims to research steel wire corrosion pitting distribution characteristics and evolution, the shape, number and size of corrosion pits from one tied arch bridge were tested, analyzed and researched. Design/methodology/approach The probability distribution model of corrosion pits of different shapes was established, and the law of corrosion pit growth and evolution was researched. The relationship between the steel wire local corrosion parameters and the average degree of corrosion was explored. Findings The results revealed that the pits of steel wires can be divided into fo
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Wu, Qing, Xuezhong Li, Jun Xu, Gang Wang, Wenhao Shi, and Shilin Wang. "Size Distribution Model and Development Characteristics of Corrosion Pits in Concrete under Two Curing Methods." Materials 12, no. 11 (2019): 1846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12111846.

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In this paper, the effect of chloride ions on the development of corrosion pits in different reinforced concrete under different environmental conditions is studied. A fitting model for the size distribution of pits in seawater and sea-sand concrete (SSC) under different curing modes is established, and time-dependent fractal features are examined. Under wet/dry chloride cycles, the weight loss rate and corrosion rate of steel bars are higher, and the number of corrosion pits appears to increase on a small scale within 60-day. A majority of the corrosion is metastable pitting, and we propose a
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Li, Haixiao, Yi Lian, Qianqian Renyang, Le Liu, Zihan Qu, and Lien-Chieh Lee. "Regional Atmospheric CO2 Response to Ecosystem CO2 Budgets in China." Remote Sensing 15, no. 13 (2023): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15133320.

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The distribution of atmospheric CO2 is not homogenous, primarily due to variations in the CO2 budgets of regional terrestrial ecosystems. To formulate a comprehensive strategy to combat the increasing global CO2 levels and associated warming, it is crucial to consider both the distribution of atmospheric CO2 and the CO2 budgets of ecosystems. This study focused on analyzing the relationship between regional atmospheric CO2 and CO2 budgets in China from 2010 to 2017. Initially, a robust estimation model of net ecosystem CO2 exchange was developed to calculate CO2 budgets using collected emissio
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Jinxing, Lin. "Distribution, Size and Effective Aperture Area of the Inter-Tracheid Pits in the Radial Wall of Pinus Radiata Tracheids." IAWA Journal 10, no. 1 (1989): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90001111.

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The distribution, size and effective aperture area of inter-tracheid pits were studied in a 29-year-old plantation-grown tree of Pinus radiata by means of light and electron microscopy. It was found that the number of pits per tracheid in the first ten years is related more to tracheid length than to the age of the wood. Beyond the tenth year, the number of pits per tracheid is mainly related to the age of the wood, regardless of tracheid length. In addition, there is a positive linear relationship between tracheid diameter and pit diameter, indicating that the larger tracheids contain larger
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Dadashev, Alikhan Z., and Dzhana A. Meshkova. "FINANCES OF THE LARGEST CITIES — SUBJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 4/11, no. 157 (2025): 120–25. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2025.04.11.017.

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The article discusses the specifics of the formation of the budgets of the federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg, the distribution of tax revenues between the budgets of these cities and the federal budget, the structure of tax revenues to the budgets of the cities of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
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Li, Anbang, Hongwang Ma, and Shanhua Xu. "Three-Dimensional Morphology and Watershed-Algorithm-Based Method for Pitting Corrosion Evaluation." Buildings 12, no. 11 (2022): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111908.

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Pitting corrosion and stress concentration at rust pits are the principal reasons for severe degradation in fatigue performance of corroded steel structures. The accurate evaluation of rust pits on rough and uneven corrosion surfaces is the foundation of fatigue life estimation for corroded steel structures. In this paper, a new method for the identification, extraction, and evaluation of rust pits on the surface of corroded steel structures was proposed based on a three-dimensional morphology and watershed algorithm. An accelerated corrosion experiment was first executed to acquire corroded s
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distribution of PITs between budgets"

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Барон, Г. І. "Податок на доходи фізичних осіб у формуванні доходів місцевих бюджетів". Thesis, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/11931.

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У роботі розглядаються теоретичні та практичні аспекти податку на доходи фізичних осіб. Проведено аналіз динаміки та структури показників доходів місцевих бюджетів, визначено фіскальну ефективність податку на доходи фізичних осіб на місцевому рівні. Запропоновано напрями адаптації зарубіжного досвіду справляння податків на доходи фізичних осіб до вітчизняної практики, запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення порядку справляння податку на доходи фізичних осіб та його розподілу між бюджетами різних рівнів<br>The paper deals with the theoretical and practical aspects of the personal income tax. The d
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Books on the topic "Distribution of PITs between budgets"

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Bailey, Doug. Cutting the Ground. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190611873.003.0009.

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This chapter presents a detailed description, discussion, and reinterpretation of the Neolithic causewayed enclosure at Etton in southern Britain. Discussion focuses on the sequences of digging-filling-resurfacing-redigging at the site, and examines the differences between the ditches and the interior filled-pits, as well as the eastern and the western segments of the site, and the distribution of different categories and conditions of artifacts. One result is a rethinking of the existing understanding of the site as connected to structured deposition, ground stone artifacts, and human lives.
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Jacob, Katz Cogan, Hurd Ian, and Johnstone Ian, eds. The Oxford Handbook of International Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199672202.001.0001.

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Virtually every important question of public policy today involves an international organization. From trade to intellectual property to health policy and beyond, governments interact with international organizations (IOs) in almost everything they do. Increasingly, individual citizens are directly affected by the work of IOs. This book gives an overview of the world of IOs today. It emphasizes both the practical aspects of their organization and operation, and the conceptual issues that arise at the junctures between nation-states and international authority, and between law and politics. Whi
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Book chapters on the topic "Distribution of PITs between budgets"

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Tans, Pieter P., and Inez Y. Fung,Ian G. Enting. "Storage versus Flux Budgets: The Terrestrial Uptake of CO2 during the 1980s." In Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195086409.003.0025.

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Abstract Measurements of the atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio have played a major role in the discussion during recent years of the magnitudes and whereabouts of the major sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2. Any hypothesis about sources of global significance must satisfy the observed spatial distribution of CO2 and its rate of growth, today and in recent history. The link between spatial and temporal source-sink patterns and the global distribution of CO2 mixing ratios in the atmosphere is provided by numerical models of atmospheric diffusion and transport.
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Michnik, Monika, and Karol Dzięgielewski. "Analiza obiektów nieruchomych / Analysis of the immobile sources." In Cmentarzysko w wczesnej epoki żelaza w Świbiu na Górnym Śląsku. Tom 2. Wydawnictwo Profil-Archeo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33547/swibie2022.2.2.

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At the Early Iron Age cemetery in Świbie 548 archaeological features were identified, including 420 inhumation graves, 28 biritual graves (inhumation graves with cremation burials) and 100 cremation graves (including 49 urned cremations, 50 cremations in pits and one urn-pit grave). None of the 420 inhumation graves revealed a fully preserved skeleton (the only bone fragments to survive were those next to bronze objects). The grave pits were elongated oval or rectangular in outline, with dimensions averaging between 200 and 300 cm. They usually became discernible immediately after the removal
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Venmans Arjan, Schokker Jeroen, Dambrink Roula, Maljers Denise, and Heerema Jan Jaap. "Mapping Geotechnical Risk for Infrastructural Works in Deltaic Areas." In Geotechnical Safety and Risk V. IOS Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-580-7-886.

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This paper presents method and first results of a study to quantify and communicate geotechnical risk for highway construction on soft soil and large building pits associated with infrastructural works in the Netherlands. A set of easy-to-read maps will inform the end users, geotechnical consultants at the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, in the early stage of projects of the most important subsoil-related geotechnical risks and their spatial distribution. The method involves risk identification, risk assessment, identification of critical geological features contributing to t
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Venmans Arjan, Schokker Jeroen, Dambrink Roula, Maljers Denise, and Heerema Jan Jaap. "Mapping Geotechnical Risks for Infrastructural Works in Deltaic Areas." In Geotechnical Safety and Risk V. IOS Press, 2015. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-580-7-904.

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This paper presents method and first results of a study to quantify and communicate geotechnical risk for highway construction on soft soil and large building pits associated with infrastructural works in the Netherlands. A set of easy-to-read maps will inform the end users, geotechnical consultants at the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, in the early stage of projects of the most important subsoil-related geotechnical risks and their spatial distribution. The method involves risk identification, risk assessment, identification of critical geological features contributing to t
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Randall, Fiona. "Judgement and resource management." In Clinical Judgement. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192632166.003.0006.

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Abstract Resource management, or prioritizing, or rationing in health care is an imposed distribution system that has two goals: first, to ensure the best use of resources by using the most cost-effective treatments; and second, to ensure a just or fair distribution of treatment benefits. Rationing takes place at two levels: macro-allocation, where budgets are allocated for the treatments of different diseases, and for medical and nursing care; and micro-allocation, where discrimination between individual patients is necessary because it is not possible to give the most beneficial care or trea
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Cook Matthew and Mo John P.T. "Investigating into the Risks of Forming Alliance." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2018. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-898-3-1135.

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Many large and highly complex engineering projects present enormous technical and financial risk to organisations. This is especially true in the defence industry where budgets can potentially run into the billions and the project lifecycle may extend over many years. In frequent cases, such projects are too much for a single organisation to undertake. One option that is becoming ubiquitous within contemporary defence projects is to spread the risk by forming an alliance between several organisations. Unfortunately, forming an alliance between several competing organisations brings its own set
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Bianchi, Thomas S. "Dissolved Gases in Water." In Biogeochemistry of Estuaries. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160826.003.0012.

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Dissolved gases are critically important in many of the biogeochemical cycles of estuaries and coastal waters. However, only recently have there been large-scale collaborative efforts addressing the importance of coupling between estuaries and the atmosphere. For example, the Biogas Transfer in Estuaries (BIOGEST) project, which began in 1996, was focused on determining the distribution of biogases [CO2, CH4, CO, non-methane hydrocarbons, N2O, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), carbonyl sulfide (COS), volatile halogenated organic compounds, and some biogenic volatile metals] in European estuaries and the
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Al Abri, Naif, Jayant R. Nair, Asad Al Ghafri, and Fahmi Al Mawali. "Premature Failure of API 650 Oil Storage Tank Bottom Plates Due to Soil Side Corrosion." In Case Studies in Corrosion Failures. AMPP, Association for Materials Protection and Performance15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, TX 77084, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5006/37692-ch28.

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Abstract The above ground storage tanks (ASTs) in the refinery is experiencing bottom plate underside (soil) corrosion at an extraordinarily high rate of 1 mm/yr. This has resulted in the failure of four tanks within a period of 9 years since commissioning (2006-2015). The corrosion morphology is of severe localized corrosion with large deep pits. The design of the underside corrosion protection for the ASTs is by providing an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system (MMO grid anode system). Recent and past cathodic protection (CP) survey of the tanks clearly reveal a very low (elec
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Conference papers on the topic "Distribution of PITs between budgets"

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Zhu, Zhenjin, Nima Tajallipour, Sina Fardisi, and Patrick J. Teevens. "Interaction between Two Pre-Existing Micro Pits on Pitting Propagation." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01470.

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Abstract In the petroleum industry, pipeline failures are mostly the result of localized pitting corrosion which demonstrates the worst-case scenario for leaks as compared to metal loss due to uniform corrosion. When pitting nucleation occurs, numerous pits are generated within a short interval. Growth of pits leads to inevitable pit-to-pit interaction. Depending on the surrounding corrosive environment, the ultimate consequence of a competitive interaction between nearby active pits can be: Firstly, all initiated pits are passivated, resulting in uniform corrosion; Secondly, tiny pits merge i
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Christman, Timothy K. "Relationships between Pitting, Stress and Stress-Corrosion Cracking of Line Pipe STEELS." In CORROSION 1991. NACE International, 1991. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1991-91100.

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Abstract This paper presents observations about the results of an investigation into the relationships between pitting, stress, and stress-corrosion cracking of line pipe steels. This work showed that the number of stress-corrosion cracks varied exponentially with specimen stress. The cracks generally nucleated from pits, whose depths followed a lognormal distribution. A mathematical analysis of the crack number and pit depth data supports the hypothesis that a crack nucleates from the bottom of a pit when the stress concentration at the bottom of the pit reaches a critical value. The increase
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Yang, Yan, Rajan Ambat, Riccardo Rizzo, and Magdalena Rogowska. "Multipronged Characterization of Scales and Corrosion on L80 Steel in the Presence of Microorganism." In CORROSION 2019. NACE International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2019-13226.

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Abstract Scale deposit and corrosion attack on the L80 steel were observed using several analytical techniques, including 3D scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This multipronged approach provided a more complete image and component of the species found on the steel surface. Cross-sectional SEM examinations showed the distribution and characteristic of scale. The results of EDS revealed that Fe, O and S were the most abundant elements in the scale layer, and the component analysis results showed that iron hy
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Adey, Robert, Andres Peratta, John Baynham, and Thomas Curtin. "Using a Computational Galvanic Model in a Fracture Mechanics Framework to Improve Material Degradation Prediction." In CORROSION 2020. NACE International, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2020-14646.

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Abstract Although computational methods have been separately developed to predict corrosion and fatigue crack growth rates for metallic structures, challenges remain in implementing a methodology that considers the combined effects. In this work the output from a galvanic model is used to determine the spatial distribution of corrosion damage; providing a guide for the location of discrete corrosion damage features that can be analyzed using stress fields from structural models. In order to build confidence in this approach the galvanic models are validated by comparing predicted results to su
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Adey, Robert, Andres Peratta, John Baynham, and Thomas Curtin. "Using a Computational Galvanic Model in a Fracture Mechanics Framework to Improve Material Degradation Prediction." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16509.

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ABSTRACT Although computational methods have been separately developed to predict corrosion and fatigue crack growth rates for metallic structures, challenges remain in implementing a methodology that considers the combined effects. In this work the output from a galvanic model is used to determine the spatial distribution of corrosion damage; providing a guide for the location of discrete corrosion damage features that can be analyzed using stress fields from structural models. In order to build confidence in this approach the galvanic models are validated by comparing predicted results to su
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Abri, Naif Al, Jayant R. Nair, Asad Al Ghafri, and Fahmi Al Mawali. "Premature Failure of API 650 Oil Storage Tank Bottom Plates Due to Soil Side Corrosion." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09025.

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Abstract The above ground storage tanks (AST’s) in the refinery is experiencing bottom plate underside (soil) corrosion at an extraordinarily high rate of 1mm/year. This has resulted in the failure of 4 tanks within a period of 9 years since commissioning (2006-2015). The corrosion morphology is of severe localized corrosion with large deep pits. The design of the underside corrosion protection for the AST’s is by providing an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system (MMO grid anode system). Recent and past cathodic protection (CP) survey of the tanks clearly reveal a very low (elec
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Glukhova, V. I., Kh V. Kravchenko, and A. S. Darybekova. "Analysis of the distribution of environmental tax revenues between state and local budgets in Ukraine." In Actual question of management of sustainable development in today’s society: problems and prospects. Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2227-3549.2021.10.65-66.

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Jiang, Xiaoli, and C. Guedes Soares. "Ultimate Capacity Behavior of Pitted Mild Steel Plates Under Biaxial Compression." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49980.

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The aim of the present paper is to investigate the effects of corrosion pits on the ultimate capacity of rectangular mild steel plates under biaxial compression. A series of non-linear FEM analysis on plates with partial depth pits are carried out, changing geometrical attributes of both pits and plates, i.e., the radius, depth, location and distribution of the pits and the slenderness of the plates. Possible interaction between transverse and longitudinal axial compression is studied applying different level of loading ratio and considering the effects of partial depth pitting corrosion. It i
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Shuting, Chen, Li Lihong, Du Anyan, and Hua Younan. "Study of Si Crystal Defects by Chemical Preferential Etching and Its Application on Si Dislocation Defects Caused by Laser Spike Annealing (LSA)." In ISTFA 2012. ASM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0293.

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Abstract In this work, delineation of crystal defects in Si by preferential chemical etching (Wright etch) is discussed. Investigation of defects in Si wafers by preferential chemical etching enables the study of various types of crystal defects for large area defect distribution (up to full wafer) and root cause analysis. In the case of dislocation defects, the shapes of etch pits are different for different etching duration. We show the mechanism of the pit shape evolution under preferential etching and suggested the appropriate etching duration for defect type identification with inspection
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Ma, T., B. Cami, S. Javankhoshdel, T. Yacoub, B. Corkum, and J. Curran. "Effect of Disturbance Factor Distribution Function on Stability of an Open Pit Mine." In 56th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2022-2221.

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ABSTRACT: The disturbance factor (D) is a parameter in the Generalized Hoek-Brown failure criterion for rock slopes in slope stability. It represents the subsurface damage to the rock material properties resulting from blasting and stress relaxation during excavations. Within the region of assumed damage, a number between zero (undisturbed) and unity (very disturbed) is prescribed as the value of the disturbance factor. Most commonly a uniform value of D is assumed within the entire region of damage, but little research has been done to study the impact of the variation in the D parameter on s
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Reports on the topic "Distribution of PITs between budgets"

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BIFURCATION BUCKLING LOAD OF STEEL ANGLE WITH RANDOM CORROSION DAMAGE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2024.20.2.7.

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This paper numerically studies the bifurcation buckling load of steel angle members affected by random corrosion pits. Six million Monte Carlo simulations are conducted, in which the effects of member length, section type, area loss ratio, and corrosion depth on the bifurcation buckling load of steel angles are considered. The key statistical characteristics of the reduction factors of buckling load for steel angles are analyzed. A probability-based relationship between the reduction factor of buckling load and the area loss ratio of steel angles is also proposed for the practical design. It i
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