Dissertations / Theses: 'Distribution of property'

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Nalla, Pradeep Kumar. "Efficient distributed bounded property checking." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.

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Velasquez, Marcel. "Property rights, contracting institutions and the distribution of income." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/6993.

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Birdyshaw, Edward Leon. "Property rights and the environmental Kuznets' curve /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3147814.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004. Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-96). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Wretstam, Sofia. "Characterization of property variations in paperboard samples." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233469.

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In today’s paper and board production, quality control is made on a single cross direction (CD)sample from each tambour. As several different properties are analysed, only a limited number of measurement results are obtained for one property. Therefore, the measurement results might not be representative for the properties of the entire width of the tambour. The first objective of the project was to investigate variations of thickness, surface roughness and mechanical properties with a much higher resolution and number of measurements. The results of the measurement were compared with the routine quality control of the mill. The second objective of the project was to evaluate the influence of the wire shake unit in the centreply on the properties of the produced board. The measurements were performed on Iggesundpaperboard samples.The high-resolution measurements were performed using the STFI structural thicknessmeasurement device, an OptiTopo topography measurement device and a modified Autolinedevice at RISE Bioeconomy. The statistical evaluation of the results was performed in Matlab.Standard deviation, local variance and a frequency analysis were calculated for the thicknessmeasurements. Only standard deviation was considered for the topography data. For the mechanical properties, the distribution was evaluated using the Weibull distribution, since theresults had a single-sided distribution. In addition, the properties were analysed as a function of their location, for example to identify deterministic deviations in cross direction.The results of the first part of the project showed that the everyday control conducted in Iggesund is sufficient for most of the properties. Greatest difference was found at the edges ofthe samples, where Iggesund standard quality control does not detect a major variation inproperties, as no measurements are performed that close to the edge of the web. For example,at one edge, the high frequent measurements showed a significant drop in thickness which were not detected with the everyday quality control.In the second part of the project, the effect of a shake unit on the paper properties was evaluated. Here it was seen that the thickness variation were reduced, which also can be interpreted as an improvement of formation in the centre ply of the paperboard. As for thesurface roughness a slight improvement was found. Also for the mechanical properties, the shake unit appeared to improve the uniformity of the product I dagens pappers-och kartongproduktion görs kvalitetskontroll på en enda tvärremsa (CD) från varje tambour. Eftersom flera olika egenskaper analyseras, erhålls endast ett begränsat antal mätresultat för en egenskap. Därför är informationen begränsad och kanske inte representativ för hela bredden av tambours egenskaper. Projektets första mål var att undersöka variationer i tjocklek, ytjämnhet och mekaniska egenskaper med mycket högre upplösning och antal mätningar. Resultaten av mätningen jämfördes med brukets rutinmässiga kvalitetskontroll.Det andra syftet med projektet var att utvärdera effekten av viraskaken på egenskaperna hos den producerade kartongen. Samtliga mätningar utfördes på kartongprover från IggesundsBruk.Mätningarna med hög upplösning utfördes med hjälp av en STFI-mätare för strukturtjocklek,en OptiTopo-enhet och en modifierad L&W Autoline-enhet. Den statistiska utvärderingen avresultaten utfördes i Matlab. Standardavvikelse, lokal variation och en frekvensanalys beräknades för tjockleksmätningarna. Endast standardavvikelse utvärderades för ytråhetsdata.För de mekaniska egenskaperna utvärderades fördelningen med hjälp av Weibullfördelningen,eftersom resultaten visade ett ensidigt beteende. Dessutom analyserades egenskaperna som en funktion av deras placering, till exempel för att identifiera deterministiska avvikelser i tvärriktningen.Resultaten av projektets första del visade att den dagliga kontrollen i Iggesund är tillräcklig för de flesta egenskaperna. Den största skillnaden hittades vid provets kanter, där Iggesundsstandardkvalitetskontroll Missar stora variationer för vissa egenskaper, eftersom inga mätningar utförs i det området på produkten. Vid ena sidan av nätverket visade de högfrekventa mätningarna en betydande minskning av tjockleken.I den andra delen av projektet utvärderades effekten av en skakningsenhet på pappersegenskaperna. Här såg man att variansen i tjockleksmätningarna indikerar en förbättring av formationen i kartongens mittskikt. När det gäller ytråheten konstaterades en liten förbättring. För de mekaniska egenskaperna föreföll viraskaken förbättra produktenslikformighet.

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Thielman, Scott C. "Design and optimization of a material property distribution in a laminated composite flywheel /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7031.

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Hickey, Jonathan L. "La distribution des oeuvres du point de vue du droit de destination, de l'épuisement du droit et des importations parallèles /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31162.

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The present study deals with the prerogatives associated with work distribution in copyright law. The first part is devoted to the droit de destination and the exhaustion doctrine. We will illustrate each one with legislative and jurisprudential examples. While these theories are often regarded as opposite, they in fact are dissimilar juridical solutions. The exhaustion doctrine derives from an economic conception of copyright law whereas the droit de destination originates from natural law focussed on the interests of the author. The second part is concerned with the fact that a coherent theory on work distribution in Canadian copyright law has yet to be established. It will be shown how the legislator and the jurisprudence have developed means to assure that, after the first distribution of the work, the copyright holder is still in the position to control some of its use. Finally, I will proceed to analyse the regime that deals specifically with parallel imports allowing the copyright holder to supervise imported works.

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Chen, Chung-Yang. "Bridging cultures and traditions in the reconceptualisation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3148.

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In the first part of this century, the traditional common law jurisdiction of England and Wales and the civil law jurisdiction of Taiwan simultaneously gave increased legal recognition of the homemaker’s non-financial contributions to the marriage relationship, albeit using quite different mechanisms to achieve this. Family law in both jurisdictions has faced the issue of whether it should adapt to changed social norms by better reflecting the equal partnership discourse of marriage in the value that should be given to non-financial contributions typically made by women, such as housework and childcare, both during the marriage and on divorce. Yet, whether and how to do this has been the subject of much debate in both jurisdictions. This thesis therefore considers how the laws in these jurisdictions assess the value of non-financial contributions, before, during and after marriage (i.e. on divorce). It explores the extent to which they meet the aim of achieving substantive gender equality by weighing their achievements against the principles of gender mainstreaming. In order to evaluate this in the context of Taiwan where a gender mainstreaming approach was employed to frame the recent legislative reforms, a qualitative empirical research study was undertaken. The study also considers how social and cultural norms operate alongside or in opposition to the intended effects of legal developments in this field and argues that at the very least, stronger legal provisions going beyond gender neutral laws are needed to remove the traditional gendered assumptions about the low value of non-financial contributions. Therefore, this study intends to explore the problems which result from these socio-legal phenomena and, drawing on the strengths and weaknesses identified in the comparative study of Taiwan and England and Wales, put forward possible legal solutions. These, it is argued, involve a reconceptualisation of the value of non-financial contributions to marriage.

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Howard, Frances Mary. "Political philosophy and private property : an evaluation of four main types of theory concerning ownership and distribution of property in a just society." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14559.

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Bibliography: leaves 164-168. This thesis takes as its starting point the beliefs that government should be neutral between the conceptions of the good life of its citizens; that it should take as one of its foremost goals the maximization of their freedom, and with a tentative acceptance of the view that individuals have natural rights. It attempts to answer the following questions: 1. Is there a natural right to property? 2. can an individual acquire exclusive control over an object independently of the actions or acquiescence of others? 3. Do private property rights infringe or protect freedom? 4. Is equality a desirable goal? If so, what form of equality should a society pursue? 5. Is a free society compatible with an egalitarian society? 6. Does it make sense to speak of distributive justice? In answer to the first two questions the author discusses and rejects John Locke's Labour Theory of Acquisition; in response to the others she discusses the theories of Karl Marx, G A Cohen, Robert Nozick, Michael Oakeshott, John Rawls, Alan Ryan and Ronald Dworkin and attempts conceptual analyses of "freedom", "equality", "justice" and "property". Finally, it is concluded that: 1. There is no natural right to property. 2. The form of property rights adopted requires the hypothetical consent of concerned parties. 3. Private property rights in areas of everyday contact are valuable - for privacy, autonomy and individuality. Security of property rights on a large scale, on the other hand, can threaten the freedom of others. 4. Equality is desirable. Rawls's version, that no inequality be permitted unless it improves the position of the worst-off, or a variant of this, best conforms to the constraint of 2. 5. This version of equality is compatible with freedom. 6. There are deep and conflicting intuitions regarding distributive justice.

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Liu, Zhen. "Essays in the economics of property-liability insurance and life insurance markets." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/305024.

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Business Administration/Risk Management and Insurance Ph.D. The first part of the dissertation investigates cost experience in the US life and health insurance industry over the period 1998-2012. We generally test the difference in expenses among different distribution systems, which mainly consists of independent agency, broker, career agency, exclusive agency, and direct writing. We check to see if cost, revenue and profit efficiency differences are associated with different distribution methods. Cost, revenue, and profit efficiencies are estimated by Data Envelopment Analysis. Unlike the results in the property and liability insurance industry, the cost difference is insignificant among distribution systems. Results on cost efficiency and revenue efficiency support the market imperfection hypothesis, which says that the market imperfections such as entry barriers, price regulation, or search costs cause the coexistence of different distribution systems. The second part of the dissertation examines the relationship between mergers and acquisitions (M&As), and underwriting cycles in the P-L insurance industry. In a soft market, capital is relatively high. This leads to an increase in the number of M&A transactions and the probability that managers conduct non-value-increasing M&As. We test this proposition by analyzing the associations between volumes of M&A deals, and returns associated with M&As and underwriting cycle. The results show that the numbers of M&As are negatively related with the premium rate changes and positively related with changes in the combined ratio. We also find that the cumulative abnormal returns around the announcement date of M&As are smaller for the shareholders of insurer acquirers in a soft market. Even more, we find that the market reaction of M&As is less sensitive to agency problems in a hard market than in a soft market. Temple University--Theses

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Shin, Jae-Kyoung. "Mechanical Behavior and Its Relation to Superconducting Property of High Temperature Composite Superconductors." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/66211.

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Kyoto University (京都大学) 0048 新制・課程博士 博士(工学) 甲第14163号 工博第2997号 新制||工||1445(附属図書館) 26469 UT51-2008-N480 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 (主査)教授落合庄治郎, 教授河合潤, 准教授奥田浩司 学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Yuniarto, Yusuf. "The impact of government housing policy on the spatial distribution of new formal housing areas : the case of Jabotabek metropolitan fringe areas, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357066.

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Fang, Sai S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Using hedonic pricing model to valuate the relationship between property price and air pollution's spatial distribution : evidence from Beijing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113479.

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Thesis: S.M. in Real Estate Development, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2017 Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-66). Over the past several decades, the real estate market has surged in Beijing. Meanwhile, Beijing suffers severe air pollution now and then. Because of the dissatisfaction of air quality, clean air becomes a highly valued factor of the overall quality of life. When people choose to buy properties, they would be willing to pay more for a unit that is located in less polluted areas than for an otherwise identical unit that is located in more polluted areas. This study aims to establish a relationship between air pollution's spatial distribution and property price by using historical air quality record and property transaction data in Beijing. Although people cannot purchase clean air directly, variations in the air quality of different areas should be indirect reflected in housing prices. Employing the hedonic pricing model, the results suggest a strong positive relationship between a unit's resale price and the air quality of the area where the unit is located, meaning that properties that are located in an area with relatively better air quality are sold at a premium and vice versa. Besides, by using a matching regression, relationship between air quality's seasonal variation and property price is discovered, although it is not statistically significant. Another matching regression confirms that compared to property buyers, property renters care less about the air quality of the area where the unit is located, but care more about the unit's other specific locational attributes and physical attributes, such as job accessibility and interior decoration. by Sai Fang. S.M. in Real Estate Development S.M.inRealEstateDevelopment Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in conjunction with the Center for Real Estate

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Rose, Sebastian, and Daniel Kamali. "Does Property Segment Distribution Affect the Capital Structure of Real Estate Companies? : An Investigative Study of the Operational Risk within Different Property Segments and its Effect on the Debt Ratio in a Company." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298079.

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The real estate sector is a capital-intensive industry, where the combination of debt and equity is used to finance the property investment. Companies tend to increase the loan-to-value ratio, to use financial leverage. However due to banks being more restrictive with their lending as well as having different ways of assessing risk in different property companies, there is a belief that the loan-to-value ratio is affected by the property segment distribution in a company. Based on previous research, there are many factors that could affect the loan-to-value (LTV) in a company such as size, profitability, revenue growth and cost of debt. This paper aims to examine these factors, as well as the operational risk that might be visible in the property segment distribution. The study was done through using a quantitative approach by investigating the largest real estate companies in each Swedish municipality. 614 Swedish real estate companies were investigated and pooled into an OLS regression model. Based on the regression, there is enough evidence in this paper that shows that factors such as size, profitability, revenue growth and cost of debt all have significant impact on the LTV. Furthermore, no general conclusion regarding the relationship between property segment distribution and LTV was found in this paper. Although, there is evidence that residentials- and small house units affect the LTV positively while industrial units affect the LTV negatively. Fastighetssektorn är en kapitalintensiv bransch där kombinationen av skuld och eget kapital används för att finansiera fastighetsinvesteringar. Företag tenderar att öka belåningsgraden för att använda finansiell hävstång. Däremot på grund av att bankerna på senare år blivit mer restriktiva med sin utlåning och att de har olika sätt att bedöma risker på i olika fastighetsbolag, finn fog att förutsätta att belåningsgraden påverkas av fördelningen av fastighetssegment i ett företag. Baserat på tidigare forskning finns det många faktorer som kan påverka belåningsgraden (LTV) i ett företag, såsom storlek, lönsamhet, intäktsökning och kostnad för lånat kapital. Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka dessa faktorer samt den operativa risk som kan synliggöras i fördelningen av fastighetssegment. Studien gjordes via ett kvantitativt tillvägagångssätt genom att undersöka de största fastighetsbolagen i alla Sveriges kommuner. 614 svenska fastighetsbolag undersöktes och analyserades i en OLS- regressionsmodell. Baserat på regressionen finns det tillräckligt med bevis i denna uppsats på att faktorer som storlek, lönsamhet, inkomsttillväxt och kostnad för lånat kapital har en betydande inverkan på LTV. Vidare hittades ingen allmän slutsats angående sambandet mellan fördelning av fastighetssegment och LTV i denna uppsats. Det finns dock bevis för att bostäder och småhusenheter påverkar LTV positivt medan industriella enheter påverkar LTV negativt.

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Hughes, J. Jerome (Jermaine Jerome). "Asset sharing and stakeholder arrangements : human capital investments, the distribution of powers, and the role of property rights and economic institutions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88362.

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Thesis: S.M. in Management Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014. Page 74 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-59). Theories of human capital investment, which emphasize encouraging and protecting investments in human capital, have become salient in rationalizing the adoption of firm asset-sharing and employee stakeholder arrangements, such as Employee Stock Ownership Plans. Yet, mechanisms such as bargaining power have also been a key part of the literature on employee and firm bargaining outcomes. Part of the puzzle with bargaining power as an explanation is that not all forms of bargaining power significantly explain the adoption of firm asset sharing and employee stakeholder arrangements. In order to provide an improved explanation for the adoption of these arrangements, we utilize distributive conceptions of property rights and economic institutions to highlight how power is allocated, segmented, and distributed by economic institutions and, thus, impacts firm asset sharing and employee stakeholder arrangements. by J. Jerome Hughes. S.M. in Management Research

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Kennedy, Ryan. "LIFTING THE CURSE: DISTRIBUTION AND POWER IN PETRO-STATES." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211481058.

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Dalehite, Ballard Esteban Gilberto. "School finance and local incentives are property tax abatements effective and do they influence the distribution of the tax base across school districts? /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3167271.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2005. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 3, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-03, Section: A, page: 1086. Chair: John L. Mikesell.

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Griffin, Paul. "Transaction Cost Economics: An Analysis of Commitment in Asymmetrical Insurer-Broker Dyads. An Exploratory Case Study of ING Canada and its Distribution Counterparties." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4862.

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Since the early 1980's there has been a heightened academic interest in the field of commitment, particularly as it relates to business relationships. Knowledge of commitment continues to advance and has begun splintering and applied into specific and narrow fields. The particular field of interest in this study surrounds commitment levels in business relationships within property and casualty insurance distribution networks. The intent of understanding and enhancing commitment levels is to allow stakeholders to explore new ways to improve profitability. This can be achieved by deepening the level of understanding and knowledge of relationship partners with a view to anticipating and fulfilling their needs better than the competition. However, commitment is intangible and involves many factors including human emotion. This increases the difficulty in comprehending the whole phenomenon of commitment. To assist in furthering the knowledge in this area, transaction cost theory is examined and applied to insurance company and broker relationships. In seeking a greater understanding of the underlying drivers of commitment, this thesis investigates the theoretical contribution of transaction cost economics theory in assessing commitment levels. The purpose is to utilize the elements of transaction costs as a means to extend the awareness of how commitment is constructed, and to search for ways to improve and strengthen these relationships. The primary research method consists of three major case studies within the Canadian property and casualty insurance distribution sector. The first case study explores the perspectives of insurance brokers in Ontario. The second study reveals the perceptions of relationship managers employed with ING Canada, the country's largest property and casualty insurance company. Lastly, the research incorporates a series of interviews with ING Canada senior executives to capture their perspectives and validate the research findings from the first two case studies. These investigations into the Canadian insurance industry have provided several outputs, chief among them is the development of a conceptual model referred to as the 'Commitment Wheel'. This model has the advantages of seating affective and calculative commitment at the centre of a moving environment of commitment enablers.

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Kazadi, Kanyabu Solomon. "A sociological analysis of the production, marketing and distribution of contemporary popular music by Zambian musicians." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018933.

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The purpose of this research was to gather information about the production, marketing and distribution of Zambian contemporary music by Zambian musicians. Very little information has been documented about the development of the Zambian music industry, particularly from the perspective of those within the industry. As a result this study attempted to add to this knowledge. To achieve this Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts of ‘fields’ and ‘habitus’ were used to gain an understanding of what affects the creation of art forms such as music as well as the structures and underlying processes within the music industry. The concept of ‘fields’ usefully framed an explanation of the struggles and connections within the various fields in the industry and a view of the Zambian music industry in relation to the international industry. To gather the data necessary for this research a qualitative approach was utilised involving semistructured in-depth questionnaires from twenty-three interviewees. These interviewees were selected from various sectors of the music industry in an attempt to gain a holistic perspective of the industry in the 21st century. There were four subgroups: the artists (singers, rappers and instrumentalists), managers, radio DJs, and a miscellaneous group made up of the remaining participants, a Sounds Arcade manager, a music journalist, the National Arts Council Chairperson, a Zambia Music Copyright Protection Society (ZAMCOPS) administrator, and the then President of the Zambia Association of Musicians (ZAM). With the limited exposure to formal musical, instrumental and production training, musicians, instrumentalists, managers and studio production personnel interviewed had had to learn their craft on-the-job. This limited knowledge appears to add to the hindrance of the development of careers and the industry, particularly in terms of how to register and distribute music correctly to earn royalties and protect their intellectual property against piracy. From an institutional level piracy is being addressed more forcefully with the introduction of holograms and the tightening of policies and structures to do with the music industry.

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Vermelho, Alexandre Filipe Correia Cajana. "Calculating best estimates in a GLM framework. Frequency/severity models vs total loss models." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7040.

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Mestrado em Ciências Actuariais When using generalized linear models to predict future claim payments, should actuaries use separate frequency/severity models or a single loss cost model? This is the question this paper addresses, covering some theoretical background, testing both alternatives on real data from the Industrial Multiple Risks (IMR) sub-‐branch and analysing its results. Data was provided by 7 companies operating in Portugal in the years 2010 and 2011, who own a 70% share of the Portuguese IMR market and was collected by Associação Portuguesa de Seguradores (APS).

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Lin, Yue. "A Comparison Study on Natural and Head/tail Breaks Involving Digital Elevation Models." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-15609.

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The most widely used classification method for statistical mapping is Jenks’s natural breaks. However, it has been found that natural breaks is not good at classifying data which have scaling property. Scaling property is ubiquitous in many societal and natural phenomena. It can be explained as there are far more smaller things than larger ones. For example, there are far more shorter streets than longer ones, far more smaller street blocks than bigger ones, and far more smaller cities than larger ones. Head/tail breaks is a new classification scheme that is designed for values that exhibit scaling property. In Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), there are far more lower elevation points than higher elevation points. This study performs both head/tail breaks and natural breaks for values from five resolutions of DEMs. The aim of this study is to examine advantages and disadvantages of head/tail breaks classification scheme compared with natural breaks. One of the five resolutions of DEMs is given as an example to illustrate the principle behind the head/tail breaks in the case study.The results of head/tail breaks for five resolutions are slightly different from each other in number of classes or level of details. The similar results of comparisons support the previous finding that head/tail breaks is advantaged over natural breaks in reflecting the hierarchy of data. But the number of classes could be reduced for better statistical mapping. Otherwise the top values, which are very little, would be nearly invisible in the map.A main conclusion to be drawn from this study is that head/tail breaks classification scheme is advantaged over natural breaks in presenting hierarchy or scaling of elevation data, with the top classes gathered into one. Another conclusion is when the resolution gets higher; the scaling property gets more striking.

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Wiid, Yvette. "An evaluation of the parametric amendments of legislation relating to the distribution of retirement benefits upon divorce." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7286_1363774406.

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This thesis will examine the effects of divorce on the benefit payable to a member of a retirement fund, where divorce has occurred before the member has reached retirement age. In&nbsp particular, parametric (that is, piecemeal) amendments to the relevant legislation will be analysed in order to outline the development of the legislation relating to divorce and the consequent distribution of&nbsp assets (including retirement savings). The previous and current legal position in South Africa relating to divorce and retirement savings will be set out and critically analysed to determine whether the current position can be regarded as an improvement upon the previous legal position, or whether other and/or new problems in this area have been created. Parametric amendments to&nbsp relevant legislation have thus far been the subject of many cases in our courts and adjudicative tribunals. A systemic overhaul of a particular area of law is a useful tool in providing legal certainty&nbsp and clarifying the laws applicable to that area. This thesis will therefore argue in favour of a systemic overhaul of the legislation applicable to the allocation of retirement benefits at divorce, as opposed to the ineffectual parametric (i.e. piecemeal) amendments that have been implemented thus far. An essential aspect of this study is a comparative study of South African legal principles&nbsp relating to retirement benefits and divorce with the legal principles of this subject in the United Kingdom (UK).

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Tebo, Juliana M. "Use of volume-based 3-D seismic attribute analysis to characterize physical property distribution : a case study to delineate reservoir heterogeneity at the Appleton Field, SW Alabama." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79144.

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The use of seismic attribute studies in the petroleum industry is fast spreading. Seismic attribute studies entail the integration of derived attributes from 3-D seismic data with well log, core and/or outcrop data (through multivariate linear regression, neural networks, etc.) to estimate and project physical properties in areas of sparse data control. Because of the accuracy of this technique in predicting the subsurface distribution of physical properties in 3-D space, and delineating depositionally and non-depositionally controlled trends not readily apparent from other methods commonly used in sedimentary geology (e.g., facies modeling, geostatistics, and sequence stratigraphy), it becomes an important tool for sedimentary geologists. We illustrate the techniques and advantages of the approach to predict 3-D distribution of porosity in stratigraphically complex carbonate buildups of the Upper Jurassic Smackover Formation at Appleton Field, southwest Alabama. We predict that porosity is thicker on the forereef flanks than on the crest of paleostructure.

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Correia, da Costa José Maria. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés rhéologiques des farines de blé : influence de la composition, de l'hydratation et de la distribution granulométrique de particules." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL080N.

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L'objectif de ce travail a été d'étudier le comportement rhéologique de trois farines de blé différentes par la méthode de cisaillement direct tout en tenant compte de la composition physico-chimique, de la granulométrie, de l'hydratation, ainsi que des conditions expérimentales établies. Dans une première partie, il a été montré l'influence de la technique de mesure (tamisage, diffraction laser, analyse d'image) et des modes de représentation sur la taille moyenne et la distribution de taille des particules des farines. Il s'est avéré que la granulométrie laser était la plus adaptée à la détermination de la taille des particules. Dans une seconde partie, il a été mis en évidence l'influence de la granulométrie et de l'hydratation sur les propriétés rhéologiques des farines. Il a été montré l'existence d'une taille optimale permettant d'obtenir une cohésion et un angle de frottement interne plus faible caractérisant un meilleur écoulement. En ce qui concerne l'hydratation, il est montré que mis à part une farine bien particulière la cohésion augmente avec l'activité d'eau (aw). Pour toutes les farines, l'angle de frottement interne diminue jusqu'à une activité (aw) de 0,33. Il est fait l'hypothèse que dans cet intervalle d'aw, l'eau jouerait le rôle de lubrifiant entre les particules. Au delà d'une valeur d'aw de 0,33 on observe l'effet inverse ou l'eau favorise l'agrégation des particules caractérisées par une augmentation de l'angle de frottement interne. Globalement, cette étude contribue à une meilleure compréhension du comportement rhéologique de la farine de blé.

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Parke, Teresia, and Theres Vidman. "Verkan på befintliga servitut vid fastighetsbildning : En studie av lagstiftningen och den praktiska tillämpningen." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11386.

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Syftet med denna uppsatts är att utreda hur befintliga servitut påverkas vid fastighetsbildning– vad som gäller enligt svenskt regelverk och hur det tillämpas praktiskt. Fastighetsbildning innebär förändring av fastigheter, genom antingen nybildning eller ombildning. Ett servitut är en begränsad rättighet som är belägen på en fastighet, som belastas av rättigheten, och som får nyttjas av en annan fastighet, som har förmån av rättigheten. I samband med fastighetsbildning kan befintliga servitut komma att påverkas på olika sätt. De metoder som använts är: (1) en litteraturgranskning där den svenska lagstiftningen studeras; (2) en fallstudie där utförda förrättningar studerats om huruvida befintliga servitut påverkats vid fastighetsbildning och (3) en intervjustudie med yrkesverksamma förrättningslantmätare som arbetar på Lantmäteriet. Undersökt litteratur visar att Jordabalken och Fastighetsbildningslagen reglerar hur befintliga servitut påverkas vid fastighetsbildning. Utredningen visar att olika typer av servitut påverkas på olika sätt, och att olika lagrum tillämpas för olika typer av fastighetsbildningsåtgärder. Resultaten från litteraturstudien presenteras i en sammanställning som kallas Lagrumsguide för hantering av befintliga servitut vid fastighetsbildning. Fallstudien uppvisar att följderna för verkan på servitut vid fastighetsbildning grundas på lagstiftningen, men det är ovanligt att laghänvisningar anges i förrättningsakterna. I intervjustudien framkommer att Lantmäteriet har egna riktlinjer för hantering av servitut, men att riktlinjerna inte direkt visar vilka lagrum som hanteringen grundar sig på. Studien uppvisar att den praktiska hanteringen av befintliga servitut vid fastighetsbildning fungerar väl inom Lantmäteriet, med undantag för att det råder tolkningssvårigheter av vissa begrepp. Lagrumsguiden som skapades kan ses som ett komplement för att underlätta arbetet för många yrkesverksamma förrättningslantmätare och vara behjälplig i utbildningssyfte, eftersom lantmätarna inte alltid är säkra på vilka lagrum som faktiskt tillämpas. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how existing easements are affected when a property is reforming, according to Swedish real estate law and how the easements actually are dealt with in practice. Property formation implies modification of property, either as creation of new property units or the change of already existing properties. An easement is a limited property right, located on a property which serves another property with an advantageous right to utilize this located area in a specific way. In connection with property formation, existing easements can be affected in different ways. The methods used are: (1) a literature study of the Swedish Real Estate Law with connected literature; (2) a case study of authority documents, in which affections of existing easements within property formation are studied; and (3) an interview study in which interviews are performed with land surveyors from the Swedish Ordnance Survey (Lantmäteriet). The results from the literature review show that different forms of easements can be affected diversely according to the Swedish Land Code (Jordabalken) and the Real Property Formation Act (Fastighetsbildningslagen), and different sections of the law are relevant for different kinds of property formation. The results from the literature study have been summarized in a quick reference guide, called Guide to sections of law for handling of existing easements within real property formation. The case study shows that the effects of the easements within property formation are grounded in the legislation, but it is unusual with references to sections of the law in the authority documents. The interview study shows that Lantmäteritet has its own guidelines for handling of the easements, but it does not show which sections of law the handling is based on. This study shows that most of the practical handling of existing easements when property is reformed is well-operated within Lantmäteriet, with the exception of some translation confusions regarding certain concepts. The reference guide which has been created can be used as a facilitating supplement for many land surveyors in their work, and that it can be helpful in education, as not everyone is sure of which part of the law that is actually used in the decisions.

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Souhami, Julie. "Le conjoint du contractant /." Aix-en-Provence : Presses Universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/514087544.pdf.

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26

Lloyd, M. S. "The place of ideas about property in political theory, in Great Britain between 1750-1850 : With special reference to labour and value theories, and the distribution of wealth between classes." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380779.

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Lourenço, José. "Mudança do regime de bens no casamento e a controvertida questão dos seus efeitos: possíveis soluções." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20893.

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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-03-19T12:20:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 José Lourenço.pdf: 1722930 bytes, checksum: afb42cec7b647e453e4efd7f9129d03d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-19T12:20:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 José Lourenço.pdf: 1722930 bytes, checksum: afb42cec7b647e453e4efd7f9129d03d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 The theme of this work is about the possibility of changing the property regime in marriage and its effects. Comparative law served as a basis for suggestions based on the experience of legal systems in other countries, especially European countries, in order to take advantage of their advances made possible by years of practice that could be adapted to our planning, including the idea of creating a and a secondary regime of assets. Given the main theme, of the effects of the changes, we seek to establish a criterion to establish a safe differential in order to standardize the effects that could arise from changes in the regime of goods, arriving as a unifying criterion regarding greater or lesser communicability of the goods in each species of the scheme. Undoubtedly, both in choice and change is a criterion that has a fair differential factor and applicable to all changes in the regime of goods. Based on this conclusion, we observed that alterability should have a retroactive effect for the standardization of the property regime throughout the unions, for greater equity between the spouses and the security of third parties. In order to do this, eventual sharing processed together with the alteration of the property regime, in some cases, would eliminate both the equity between the spouses, the freedom, as well as the guarantee to third parties. It was interesting to discover that the idea of intercurrent sharing had already become a legal requirement in Belgium, a fact which, combined with the system of primary and secondary goods, could bear good fruit in our legal system. We did not find any legislation that used these criteria concomitantly, used them in turn. We offer the final lege ferenda trying to give practical use to the conclusions drawn from the research O tema deste trabalho versa sobre a possibilidade de alteração do regime de bens no casamento e seus efeitos. O direito comparado serviu como fundamento de sugestões em função da experiência dos ordenamentos jurídicos de outros países, em especial europeus, a fim de aproveitarmos os avanços adquiridos por anos de prática que pudessem ser adaptados ao nosso ordenamento, inclusive na ideia da criação de um regime básico e um regime secundário de bens. Posto o tema principal, dos efeitos das alterações, procuramos buscar um critério para estabelecer um diferencial seguro para uniformizar os efeitos, que poderiam advir das variações do regime de bens, chegando como critério uniformizador relativo a maior ou menor comunicabilidade dos bens em cada espécie de regime. Sem dúvida, tanto na escolha como nas mudanças, é um critério que possui um fator diferencial justo e aplicável a todas as alterações do regime de bens. Com base nesta conclusão observamos que a alterabilidade deveria ter efeito retroativo para uniformização do regime de bens ao longo das uniões, para maior equidade entre os cônjuges e a segurança de terceiros. Para tanto, eventual partilha processada conjuntamente com a alteração do regime de bens, em alguns casos, supriria tanto a equidade entre cônjuges, pela liberdade, bem como a garantia a terceiros. Interessante foi descobrir que a ideia da partilha intercorrente já se havia tornado exigência legal na Bélgica, fato que associado ao regime de bens primário e secundário poderiam dar bons frutos em nosso ordenamento jurídico. Não encontramos nenhuma legislação que utilizasse destes critérios concomitantemente, mas apenas alternadamente. Oferecemos ao final lege ferenda tentando dar utilidade prática às conclusões da pesquisa

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Antoun-Nakhle, Racquel. "Les contrats de mariage religieux comme contrats de distribution sélective : cas de cinq communautés religieuses au Liban." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020045.

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L’objectif central de cette thèse est de montrer que les contrats de mariage religieux de cinq communautés libanaises s’identifient aux contrats de distribution sélective et que les comportements des ménages (en termes de prise de décision, d’offre de travail et de fertilité) sont largement expliqués par cette proximité législative. L’analogie entre ces deux types de contrats apparaît clairement au niveau des points suivants : d’abord, au niveau de l’objet du contrat, contrat d’échange et de réciprocité. Ensuite, au niveau des rapports entre les parties, la femme est assimilée au concessionnaire et l’époux au concédant, il est question de collaboration et d’interdépendance. En outre, au niveau de l’asymétrie dans les obligations des parties, tout comme le contrat de distribution sélective est dit contrat léonin au profit du concédant le contrat de mariage renferme des clauses patriarcales. Enfin, la rupture du contrat pose le problème de la précarité de la situation du concessionnaire. C’est la dimension « asymétrie dans les droits et les obligations » entre les parties qui détermine la proximité de chaque type de contrat de mariage de la distribution sélective. Et c’est par rapport à ce prisme que les choix des ménages seront analysés. Dans cette perspective, l’approche entrepreneuriale de la famille est retenue parmi les modèles d’analyse économique de la famille. Cette approche a l’avantage de considérer que la relation matrimoniale tout comme la relation commerciale est régie par un contrat. Une enquête est menée pour vérifier l’impact de la législation matrimoniale sur les choix des ménages. Les Beyrouthins semblent être les plus sensibles aux clauses contractuelles This thesis attempts to look at religious marriage contracts of five Lebanese communities as selective distribution contracts and to explain the economic behavior of households (in terms of decision making, labor supply and fertility) by the proximity between the two legislations. The analogy between these two types of contracts is clear in the following points: First, the analogy is conceived in terms of the purpose of the contract, contract of exchange and reciprocity. Then, at the relationship between the parties, the woman is the dealer and the spouse is the manufacturer, it is about collaboration and interdependence. On the asymmetry in obligations of the parties, as the selective distribution contract is said one-sided contract in favor of the grantor, the marriage contract contains also patriarchal clauses. And finally, the precarious situation of the dealer for breach of contract. This is the “asymmetry in the rights and obligations "between the parties that determines the proximity of each type of religious marriage contract to the selective distribution contract. And it is from this prism that the economic choice of households will be analyzed. In this perspective, the entrepreneurial approach of the family is selected as a model for economic analysis of the family. This approach has the advantage of considering the marital relationship as a relation governed by a contract, as is the case of a trade contract. A survey has been conducted to justify the impact of legislation on the economic choice of Lebanese households. The inhabitants of Beirut seem to be most sensitive to the contractual terms

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Kassibrakis, Serge. "Propriétés topologiques de l'espace des phases et transport anormal dans les systèmes hamiltoniens." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10167.

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Le travail presente dans cette these porte sur l'etude du transport dans les systemes hamiltoniens. Nous nous appuyons sur l'application standard pour differentes valeurs du parametre de controle k. Nous montrons en particulier que l'exposant de transport depend fortement de la valeur de k, et que cette dependance est associee a la formation et a la destruction de structures d'ilots complexes. Pour des valeurs particulieres de k, le caractere super-diffusif du transport est lie a l'existence de structures d'ilots autour d'ilots auto-similaires attachees aux modes accelerateurs, conduisant aux piegeages des trajectoires sur de longues periodes. Nous confirmons numeriquement la theorie de g. M zaslavsky, qui donne explicitement le lien entre l'exposant de transport et les facteurs d'echelles, qui caracterisent les structures auto-similaires. Pour des valeurs legerement superieures au seuil de stochasticite a grande echelle, nous identifions d'autres types de structures responsables des longs piegeages. Dans les deux cas, la topologie de l'espace des phases associe a ces pieges, et les fonctions de distribution des principaux temps caracteristiques sont estimees numeriquement. Les methodes utilisees pour le calcul des exposants de transport et des fonctions de distribution sont discutees en details.

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Biswal, Punyashloka. "Property testing for distributions on partially ordered sets." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41247.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 24). We survey the results of Rubinfeld, Batu et al. ([2], [3]) on testing distributions for monotonicity, and testing distributions known to be monotone for uniformity. We extend some of their results to new partial orders, and provide evidence for some new conjectural lower bounds. Our results apply to various partial orders: bipartite graphs, lines,, trees, grids, and hypercubes. by Punyashloka Biswal. M.Eng.

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31

Speer, Kevin G. "Property distributions and circulation in the Angola Basin." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57628.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 1986. Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science Vita. Bibliography: leaves 87-93. by Kevin G. Speer. M.S.

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32

Hamza, Marwa. "Caractérisations des familles exponentielles naturelles cubiques : étude des lois Beta généralisées et de certaines lois de Kummer." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0036/document.

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Cette thèse contient deux parties différentes. Dans la première partie, nous nous sommes intéressés aux familles exponentielles naturelles cubiques dont la fonction variance est un polynôme de degré inférieur ou égal à 3. Nous donnons trois caractérisations de ces familles en se basant sur une approche Bayesienne. L’une de ces caractérisations repose sur le fait que la fonction cumulante vérifie une équation différentielle. La deuxième partie de notre travail est consacrée aux conséquences de la propriété d’indépendance de type « Matsumoto-Yor » qui a été développée par Koudou et Vallois. Cette propriété fait intervenir la famille de lois de Kummer de type 2 et les lois Beta généralisées. En se basant sur la méthode de conditionnement et sur la méthode de rejet, nous donnons des réalisations presque sûre de ces distributions de probabilités. D’autre part, nous caractérisons la famille de lois de Kummer de type 2 (resp. les lois Beta généralisées) par une équation algébrique impliquant des lois gamma (resp. les lois Beta) This thesis has two different parts. In the first part we are interested in the real cubic natural exponential families such that their variance function is a polynomial of degree less than or equal to 3. We give three characterizations of such families using a Bayesian approach. One of these characterizations is based on a differential equation verified by the cumulant function. In a second part we study in depth the independence property of the type “Matsumoto-Yor” that was developed by Koudou and Vallois. This property involves the Kummer distribution of type 2 and the generalized beta ones. Using the conditioning and the rejection method, we give almost sure realization of these distributions. We characterize the family of Kummer distribution of type 2 with an algebraic equation involving the gamma ones. We proceed similarly with the generalized beta distributions

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33

Hamza, Marwa. "Caractérisations des familles exponentielles naturelles cubiques : étude des lois Beta généralisées et de certaines lois de Kummer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0036.

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Cette thèse contient deux parties différentes. Dans la première partie, nous nous sommes intéressés aux familles exponentielles naturelles cubiques dont la fonction variance est un polynôme de degré inférieur ou égal à 3. Nous donnons trois caractérisations de ces familles en se basant sur une approche Bayesienne. L’une de ces caractérisations repose sur le fait que la fonction cumulante vérifie une équation différentielle. La deuxième partie de notre travail est consacrée aux conséquences de la propriété d’indépendance de type « Matsumoto-Yor » qui a été développée par Koudou et Vallois. Cette propriété fait intervenir la famille de lois de Kummer de type 2 et les lois Beta généralisées. En se basant sur la méthode de conditionnement et sur la méthode de rejet, nous donnons des réalisations presque sûre de ces distributions de probabilités. D’autre part, nous caractérisons la famille de lois de Kummer de type 2 (resp. les lois Beta généralisées) par une équation algébrique impliquant des lois gamma (resp. les lois Beta) This thesis has two different parts. In the first part we are interested in the real cubic natural exponential families such that their variance function is a polynomial of degree less than or equal to 3. We give three characterizations of such families using a Bayesian approach. One of these characterizations is based on a differential equation verified by the cumulant function. In a second part we study in depth the independence property of the type “Matsumoto-Yor” that was developed by Koudou and Vallois. This property involves the Kummer distribution of type 2 and the generalized beta ones. Using the conditioning and the rejection method, we give almost sure realization of these distributions. We characterize the family of Kummer distribution of type 2 with an algebraic equation involving the gamma ones. We proceed similarly with the generalized beta distributions

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34

Labadi, Moufida. "Protection des salariés et des actionnaires et partage de la valeur : effet de substituabilité ou de complémentarité ?" Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIME003/document.

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La firme est un ensemble de contrats conclus entre les différentes parties prenantes, actionnaires, créanciers, salariés, dirigeants, clients, fournisseurs, pouvoirs publics, etc. Les conflits d‟intérêts naissent lors de la répartition de la valeur ajoutée et chacun des parties procède à augmenter sa part au détriment des autres. Les salariés réclament une augmentation de salaire ou un intéressement aux résultats, les actionnaires, apporteurs du capital financier, désirent un part élevé des bénéfices afin de rémunérer le risque financier. D‟un autre côté, les créanciers souhaitent le remboursement de leurs crédits avec des taux d‟intérêt plus élevés alors que l‟objectif de l‟entreprise est de garder une partie des bénéfices afin de financer de nouveaux investissements. Suite aux différents conflits, les dirigeants agissent afin de modifier la répartition de la valeur ajoutée entre les différentes parties prenantes. Ils réduisent la richesse des salariés afin de créer de la valeur au profit des actionnaires. De ce fait, plusieurs mécanismes sont mis en place afin de protéger les salariés et assurer une meilleure répartition de la valeur ajoutée. Sur la base d‟un échantillon de 85 firmes françaises durant la période 2000-2005, notre étude montre que les droits accordés aux actionnaires et aux salariés ainsi que les mécanismes de gouvernance affectent leurs parts dans la valeur ajoutée. A partir des résultats, nous concluons des différences selon la structure de propriété de la firme The firm is represented as a set of contracts concluded between the various stakeholders, the shareholders, but also, creditors, employees, leaders, customers, suppliers, public authorities, etc. conflicts of interests are born during the distribution of the added value and each proceeds to increase his part to the detriment of the others. The employees demand a pay rise or a profit-sharing in the results, the shareholders, the contributors of the financial capital, wish one part raised by profits to pay the financial risk. Of other one quoted, the creditors wish a better payment for their credits with higher interest rates while the purpose of the company is to constitute a reserve to finance new investments. Further to the various conflicts, the leaders act to modify the distribution of the added value between the various stakeholders. They reduce the wealth of the employees for the benefit of the shareholders they reduce the wealth of the employees for the benefit of the shareholders. Therefore, several mechanisms are set up to protect the employees and assure a better distribution of the added value. On the basis of a sample of 85 French firms during period 2000-2005, our study shows that the rights of the shareholders and employees as well as the characteristics of property and governance affect their parts in the added value. From the results, we conclude differences according to the structure of property of the firm

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Duning, Solomon George. "3D Textile PMC Damage Evolution: Effects of Fiber Volume Fraction and Morphology Variation." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1461854275.

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36

Nikishkin, Vladimir. "Algorithms and lower bounds for testing properties of structured distributions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25406.

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In this doctoral thesis we consider various property testing problems for structured distributions. A distribution is said to be structured if it belongs to a certain class which can be simply described in approximation terms. Such distributions often arise in practice, e.g. log-concave distributions, easily approximated by polynomials (see [Bir87a]), often appear in econometric research. For structured distributions, testing a property often requires far less samples than for general unrestricted distributions. In this thesis we prove that this is indeed the case for several distance-related properties. Namely, we give explicit sub-linear time algorithms for L1 and L2 distance testing between two structured distributions for the cases when either one or both of them are available as a “black box”. We also prove that the given algorithms have the best possible asymptotic complexity by proving matching lower bounds in the form of explicit problem instances (albeit constructed using randomized techniques) demanding at least a specified amount of data to be tested successfully. As the main numerical result, we prove that testing that total variation distance to an explicitly given distribution is at least e requires O(√k/e²) samples, where k is an approximation parameter, dependent on the class of distribution being tested and independent of the support size. Testing that the total variation distance between two “black box” distributions is at least e requires O(k⁴/⁵e⁶/⁵). In some cases, when k ~ n, this result may be worse than using an unrestricted testing algorithm (which requires O( n²/3/e² ) samples where n is the domain size). To address this issue, we develop a third algorithm, which requires O(k²/³e⁴/³ log⁴/³(n/k) log log(n/k)) and serves as a bridge between the cases of small and large domain sizes.

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Rosemark, Brian P. "Friction stir processing parameters and property distributions in cast nickel aluminum bronze." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FRosemark.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Mechanical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006. Thesis Advisor(s): Terry R. McNelley, Srinivasan Swaminathan. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50). Also available in print.

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Petersson, Mikael. "Perturbed discrete time stochastic models." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-128979.

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In this thesis, nonlinearly perturbed stochastic models in discrete time are considered. We give algorithms for construction of asymptotic expansions with respect to the perturbation parameter for various quantities of interest. In particular, asymptotic expansions are given for solutions of renewal equations, quasi-stationary distributions for semi-Markov processes, and ruin probabilities for risk processes. At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript. Paper 6: Manuscript.

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Fuller, Edward J. "Inequality of educational opportunity? : the distribution of properly certified teachers in Texas /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008329.

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Atkinson, Benedict. "Ownership causes social inequality. To reduce social inequality, reduce or diffuse ownership: An analysis with particular application to the copyright system." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/0c042cb0a8b2204d0e982df401871dbf98f7b0642ed32c650bb58743428e5752/4165658/201500_Benedict_ATKINSON_LAW_PHD_AS_AMENDED.pdf.

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Humans contest for control or ownership. Contest is to a considerable extent inescapable because conceptually a large part of most grammars involve possession and appropriation. Language creates antithesis (‘mine, yours’) that results in conflict. The result of conflict is possession and dispossession, which results in ownership, which is expressed in property and property systems. This dissertation focuses on the exclusionary effect of property systems. Property confers the power to exclude and the aggregate of legal exclusions, which constitutes a property system, objectively or instrumentally creates social exclusion and thus social inequality. Income and property tax facilitate redistribution, reducing social inequality. Another mode of reducing/diffusing the exclusionary effect of ownership is to enlarge the public domain, which I define as a commonwealth of non-control and non-ownership.

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Lucas, John Paul. "Essays on City Size Distribution and Real Estate Bubbles." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/552.

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This is a dissertation about urban systems; within this broad subject I tackle three issues, one that focuses on an observed inter-city relationship and two that focus on an intra-city phenomenon. In Chapter II I adapt a model of random emergence of economic opportunities from the firm growth literature to the urban dynamics situation and present several predictions for urban system dynamics. One of these predictions is that the older the city the larger and more diversified it is going to be on average, which I proceed to verify empirically using two distinct datasets. In Chapter III I analyze the Residential Real Estate Bubble that took place in Miami-Dade County from 1999 to 2006. I adopt a Spatial-Economic model developed for the Paris Bubble episode of 1984-1993 and formulate an innovative test of the results in terms of speculative intensity on the basis of proxies of investor activity available in my dataset. My results support the idea that the best or more expensive areas are also where the greatest speculative activity takes place and where the rapid increase in prices begins. The most significant departure from previous studies that emerges in my results is the absence of a wider gap between high priced areas and low priced areas in the peak year. I develop a measure of dispersion in value among areas and contrast the Miami-Dade and Paris episodes. In Chapter IV I analyze the impact on tax equity of a Florida tax-limiting legislation known as Save Our Homes. I first compare homesteaded and non-homesteaded properties, and second, look within the subset of homesteaded properties. I find that non- homesteaded properties increase their share of taxes paid relative to homesteaded properties during an up market, but that this is reversed during a down market. For the subset of homesteaded properties I find that the impact on tax equity of SOH will depend on differential growth rates among higher and lower valued homes, but during times of rapid home price appreciation, in a scenario of no differential growth rates in property values, SOH increases progressivity relative to the prior system.

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Verville, Sophie. "Le respect de la propriété intellectuelle d'autrui dans la vente internationale de marchandises : une approche de la Convention de Vienne coordonnée avec le droit de la propriété intellectuelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29104/29104.pdf.

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Chesneau, Laurent. "L'appréhension du fonds de commerce par le droit fiscal." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3068.

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Le fonds de commerce est un bien affecté par nature à l’activité de l’entreprise. Il se distingue, en tant qu’objet de réglementations, du concept économique d'entreprise ou de concepts fonctionnels comme l'établissement ou la branche d'activité. Le constat d'affectation à l'activité, qui découle de la pratique commerciale, se vérifie en droit fiscal, tant au niveau de la nature du fonds, une universalité, que dans sa dimension patrimoniale.Le fonds de commerce emprunte à la théorie de l’universalité de fait ses caractéristiques propres, dont la principale réside dans la dualité d’approches de ses composants, isolément ou comme un tout. Pour le droit fiscal, le fonds de commerce apparaît comme une enveloppe souple, dans laquelle sont agencés divers éléments réunis autour de la clientèle, et susceptibles de varier d’un fonds à l’autre. L’approche globale du fonds permet de caractériser l’ensemble, lorsque le droit fiscal veut opérer une imposition synthétique, que ce soit pour exonérer une transmission d'universalité en matière de TVA, pour appliquer le tarif des droits de mutation à une cession de fonds de commerce ou une convention de successeur ou pour opérer une imposition uniforme dans le cadre de dispositifs de faveur. À l’inverse, l’approche ut singuli de l’universalité permet la mise en œuvre de procédés d’imposition plus complexes et plus affinés, ayant vocation à ne s’appliquer qu’à certains éléments. Elle permet d’atteindre spécifiquement certains éléments du fonds, soumis à un régime fiscal particulier au regard de certains impôts ou d’appliquer certains mécanismes fiscaux, comme l’amortissement, qui requièrent de dissocier un élément du fonds.Le fonds de commerce résulte de l’exploitation et constitue une valeur patrimoniale dont le droit fiscal tire les conséquences, par son positionnement à l’actif du bilan de l’entreprise. L’inscription à l’actif, conjuguée à l’affectation à l’activité de l’entreprise, est le point de conflit entre les approches juridique et économique de la propriété. Si l’approche juridique correspond à la conception civile traditionnelle du droit de propriété, elle ne recouvre que partiellement et de manière contingente, l’approche économique qui fait prévaloir la notion de contrôle sur un bien ou un droit. Cette approche économique conduit à inscrire au bilan de simples droits d’usage (marques ou brevets utilisés en vertu d’une concession de licence) et introduit une confusion sur la nature des droits détenus par le propriétaire du fonds. La même coexistence des approches juridique et économique est observée dans les contentieux relatifs au fonds de commerce entre les deux ordres de juridiction Goodwill is an asset that is naturally assigned to the activity of the enterprise. It is distinguished, as an object of regulations, from the economic concept of business or from functional concepts such as establishment or branch of activity. The assignment to the activity, which stems from commercial practice, is verified in tax law, both in terms of the nature of the business, a universality, and in terms of its patrimonial dimension.Goodwill borrows from the theory of universality de facto its own characteristics, the main one of which resides in the duality of approaches of its components, in isolation or as a whole. For tax law, goodwill appears as a flexible item, in which are arranged various elements gathered around the clientele, and may vary from one business to another. The overall approach of the business makes it possible to characterize the whole, when tax law wants to impose a synthetic taxation, whether to exempt a transfer of universality from VAT, to apply the tariff of transfer duties to a transfer of goodwill or a successor agreement, or to assess a uniform charge under concession arrangements. Conversely, the ut singuli approach to universality allows the implementation of more complex and refined taxation processes, which are intended to apply only to certain items. It allows for the specific attainment of certain items of the goodwill, which are subject to a particular tax regime with respect to certain taxes or to apply certain fiscal mechanisms, such as amortization, which require the separation of an element from the goodwill.Goodwill results from the exploitation and constitutes a patrimonial value of which tax law draws consequences, by its positioning in the assets of the balance sheet of the company. Capitalization, combined with the allocation to the business, is the point of conflict between legal and economic approaches to ownership. If the legal approach corresponds to the traditional civil law concept of the right to property, it only partially and contingently covers the economic approach which makes the notion of control over a property or a right prevail. This economic approach leads to the recording of simple rights of use (trademarks or patents used under a licensing agreement) and confuses the nature of the rights held by the owner of the business. The same coexistence of legal and economic approaches is observed in litigations relating to goodwill between both branches of tax jurisdiction of the French court system

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Fichtenberger, Hendrik [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Sohler, and Artur [Gutachter] Czumaj. "Property testing of graphs and the role of neighborhood distributions / Hendrik Fichtenberger ; Gutachter: Artur Czumaj ; Betreuer: Christian Sohler." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1213976014/34.

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Fang, Zhufeng. "USING GEOSTATISTICS, PEDOTRANSFER FUNCTIONS TO GENERATE 3D SOIL AND HYDRAULIC PROPERTY DISTRIBUTIONS FOR DEEP VADOSE ZONE FLOW SIMULATIONS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193439.

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We use geostatistical and pedotrasnfer functions to estimate the three-dimensional distributions of soil types and hydraulic properties in a relatively large volume of vadose zone underlying the Maricopa Agriculture Center near Phoenix, Arizona. Soil texture and bulk density data from the site are analyzed geostatistically to reveal the underlying stratigraphy as well as finer features of their three-dimensional variability in space. Such fine features are revealed by cokriging soil texture and water content measured prior to large-scale long-term infiltration experiments. Resultant estimates of soil texture and bulk density data across the site are then used as input into a pedotransfer function to produce estimates of soil hydraulic parameter (saturated and residual water content θs and θr, saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks, van Genuchten parameters αand n) distributions across the site in three dimensions. We compare these estimates with laboratory-measured values of these same hydraulic parameters and find the estimated parameters match the measured well for θs, n and Ks but not well for θr nor α, while some measured extreme values are not captured. Finally the estimated soil hydraulic parameters are put into a numerical simulator to test the reliability of the models. Resultant simulated water contents do not agree well with those observed, indicating inverse calibration is required to improve the modeling performance. The results of this research conform to a previous work by Wang et al. at 2003. Also this research covers the gaps of Wang’s work in sense of generating 3-D heterogeneous fields of soil texture and bulk density by cokriging and providing comparisons between estimated and measured soil hydraulic parameters with new field and laboratory measurements of water retentions datasets.

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Calhoun, Allen D. "Necessitas : a theological history of taxation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2019. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=240701.

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The thesis begins by asking why American tax policy is both attracted to and repelled by the idea of justice. Accepting the invitation of mid-twentieth-century economist Henry Simons to acknowledge that tax justice is a theological concept, the thesis seeks to excavate theological doctrines of taxation throughout Christian history in a way that can answer the presenting question. After analyzing the confusions in contemporary American tax policy (Chapter One), the thesis argues that Christian theology relativized property interests (the moral category most closely related to taxation). Taxation came to express different interests simultaneously and balanced them, while the idea of necessitas (need) emerged as the fulcrum of that balance (Chapter Two). The thesis develops the themes incipient in the early history by highlighting three salient theological moments. Thomas Aquinas clarified his predecessors' doctrines of property, resolving the tension between communal and private property through the interplay of natural and positive law (Chapter Three). In Thomas' account, the positive law of private ownership yields to the natural law substrate of communal property at the boundary between need and superabundance. Taxation can serve to implement that balance. The redistributive logic of Martin Luther's thinking extended to his political theology, as most clearly expressed in his "Preface to the Ordinance of a Common Chest" (Chapter Four), while John Calvin invoked the idea that economic inequality puts in motion both the circulation of goods and the need for redistribution of resources (Chapter Five). By way of conclusion, the thesis suggests a possible narrative connecting early modern to contemporary views on taxation. In the theological account, taxation's balancing function "legitimates" it. Modern tax theory, on the other hand, represents in some ways a return to the Greco-Roman model of tax "justification" instead of legitimacy.

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Axenrot, Thomas. "Pelagic Fish Distribution and Dynamics in Coastal Areas in the Baltic Sea Proper." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Dept. of Systems Ecology, Univ, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-442.

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Saad, Ramadan [Verfasser]. "Characterizations of limit laws of residual life time distributions by generalizations of the lack of memory property / Ramadan Saad." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Technische Universität Dortmund, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1011531747/34.

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Morsellino, Thomas. "Présentation et étude de quelques problèmes d’algorithmique distribuée." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14586/document.

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Nous proposons tout d'abord une étude de plusieurs problèmes de l'algorithmique distribuée. Nous fournissons un modèle formel appliqué aux réseaux de diffusion anonymes. Dans ce modèle, nous caractérisons les graphes dans lesquels il est possible de résoudre l'énumération et l'élection. Cette caractérisation se base sur la notion d'homomorphisme de graphes. Nous proposons deux algorithmes dont la complexité est polynomiale et qui améliorent les complexités exponentielles connues jusqu'à présent. Dans un second temps, nous étudions le problème du calcul de l'état global et nous introduisons la notion de weak snapshot. Nous montrons qu'il existe des solutions pour ce problème dans les réseaux anonymes. Nous présentons plusieurs résultats concernant le calcul de l'état global en liaison avec des applications telles que le calcul de points de reprise, la détection de la terminaison ou encore le calcul d'une cartographie du réseau. Dans un cadre plus pratique, nous présentons la conception, le développement et l'implémentation des algorithmes proposés pour le calcul de l'état global au sein du logiciel de simulation et de visualisation ViSiDiA In this thesis, we first present a study of several problems in the field of distributed algorithms. We provide a formal model that relies on anonymous networks. In this model, we characterize graphs in which it is possible to solve enumeration and leader election problems. This characterization is based on graph homomorphism. We introduce two algorithms with polynomial complexities that improve existing works with exponential complexities. On the other hand, we study the snapshot problem and we introduce the notion of weak snapshot. We show that there exist solutions for this problem in the context of anonymous networks. We present several results about distributed snapshots that deal with checkpoint and rollback recovery, termination detection or the cartography computation of a network. In a practical aspect, we present the conception, the development process and the implementation of these distributed snapshot algorithms within the simulation and visualization software ViSiDiA

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Selosse, Philippe. "Le régime juridique du produit de luxe." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20002/document.

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Le produit de luxe n’est pas un bien comme les autres. Ses qualités matérielles et immatérielles lui confèrent une valeur particulière qui oblige son producteur à le vendre dans un environnement commercial adapté. La règle de droit peut-elle considérer cette particularité économique ? Paradoxalement, la France est leader mondiale du marché des produits de luxe, mais nul n’est en mesure d’affirmer avec précision ce qu’est le luxe. Intégrer une notion aussi insaisissable au sein d’un raisonnement juridique semble difficile. Pourtant, les atteintes subies par les titulaires des droits du produit de luxe ont convaincu le juge européen de mettre en place des règles protectrices spéciales. Le but poursuivi est légitime. Il s’agit de protéger les investissements réalisés pour vendre et promouvoir le produit de luxe. Mais cette démarche légale s’appuie sur une méthode de qualification qui n’est pas satisfaisante. L’«aura», le «prestige» ou la «sensation» de luxe qui émanent du produit marqué, sont des critères trop subjectifs pour assurer l’application systématique et cohérente de règles protectrices. C’est pourquoi, outre la démonstration d’un corpus de règles applicables au produit de luxe, il convient d’analyser les fondements de sa reconnaissance par le droit positif, ainsi que l’instauration d’un régime unifié reposant sur des critères de définition précis, prenant en considération les qualités intrinsèques de ce bien particulier The luxury product is not a product like any other. Its material and immaterial qualities confer a special value that requires its producer to sell it in a proper business environment. The rule of law can it consider this economic feature ? Paradoxically, France is world's leading luxury goods market, but no one is able to state precisely what is luxury. The law seems unsuited to integrate a concept as elusive as luxury. Yet, violations suffered by the owners of luxury product rights have convinced the European judge to set up special protective rules. The aim is legitimate. This is to protect the investments made to sell and promote luxury products. But this legal approach is based on a method of qualification which is not satisfactory. The "will", "prestige" or the "feel" of luxury emanating frombranded product, are too subjective criteria to ensure systematic and consistent implementation of protective rules. Therefore, in addition to the demonstration of a body of rules applicable to the luxury product, it should analyze the foundations of its recognition by positive law and the establishment of a unified system based on criteria precise definition, taking into account the intrinsic qualities of that particular property

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distribution of property'

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