Academic literature on the topic 'Distribution system operator (DSO)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Distribution system operator (DSO)"
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Abreu, Soares, Carvalho, Morais, Simão, and Louro. "Reactive Power Management Considering Stochastic Optimization under the Portuguese Reactive Power Policy Applied to DER in Distribution Networks." Energies 12, no. 21 (2019): 4028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214028.
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Challenges in the coordination between the transmission system operator (TSO) and the distribution system operator (DSO) have risen continuously with the integration of distributed energy resources (DER). These technologies have the possibility to provide reactive power support for system operators. Considering the Portuguese reactive power policy as an example of the regulatory framework, this paper proposes a methodology for proactive reactive power management of the DSO using the renewable energy sources (RES) considering forecast uncertainty available in the distribution system. The proposed method applies a stochastic sequential alternative current (AC)-optimal power flow (SOPF) that returns trustworthy solutions for the DSO and optimizes the use of reactive power between the DSO and DER. The method is validated using a 37-bus distribution network considering real data. Results proved that the method improves the reactive power management by taking advantage of the full capabilities of the DER and by reducing the injection of reactive power by the TSO in the distribution network and, therefore, reducing losses.
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Vanhove, Simon. "Unbundling of the Electricity Distribution System Operator (DSO): Refining and Extending the EU Law Regime." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 32, Issue 4 (2023): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2023011.
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The Clean Energy Package laid the foundations of a more sophisticated unbundling regime for distribution system operators (DSO’s) for electricity. In this article, I propose a systematic analysis of this new regime. I first distinguish vertical from horizontal unbundling. The latter is then further divided in those activities explicitly governed by EU energy law, and a residual category. This residual category amounts to a core business test on behalf of the DSO. Moreover, I propose to extend the EU unbundling regime for DSO in two ways. First, the scope should also cover entities in the same corporate group. Second, it should apply to specific financial burdens on the grid infrastructure for goals other than distribution activities. EU energy law, distribution system operator (DSO), electricity, unbundling, flexibility services, electromobility, energy storage, core business test
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Wang, Shuai, Xiaojing Ma, Yaling Yan, Tusongjiang Kari, and Wei Zhang. "Collaborative Game Theory Between Microgrid Operators and Distribution System Operator Considering Multi-Faceted Uncertainties." Energies 18, no. 7 (2025): 1577. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071577.
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In the vigorous development of the power system, to address the economic challenges of multi-microgrid systems, this paper proposes a Nash bargaining model for collaboration between microgrid operators (MGs) and a distribution system operator (DSO) under conditions of multiple uncertainties. Firstly, a model for energy transactions between multiple complementary microgrid systems and a distribution system is established. Secondly, the chance-constrained method and robust optimization method are applied to model the multiple uncertainties in renewable energy generation and electricity trading prices. Moreover, using Nash bargaining theory, a cooperative operation model between MGs and a DSO is established, which is then transformed into two subproblems: cost minimization in cooperation and revenue maximization from power trading. To protect the privacy of each participant, a distributed solution approach using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is applied to solve these subproblems. Finally, the simulation results indicate that the benefit values of all entities have improved after cooperative operation through the proposed model. Specifically, the benefit value of MG 1 is CNY 919,974.3, MG 2 is CNY 1,420,363.2, MG 3 is CNY 790,288.3, and the DSO is CNY 26,257.2. These results demonstrate that the proposed model has favorable economic performance.
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Retorta, Fábio, João Aguiar, Igor Rezende, José Villar, and Bernardo Silva. "Local Market for TSO and DSO Reactive Power Provision Using DSO Grid Resources." Energies 13, no. 13 (2020): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133442.
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This paper proposes a near to real-time local market to provide reactive power to the transmission system operator (TSO), using the resources connected to a distribution grid managed by a distribution system operator (DSO). The TSO publishes a requested reactive power profile at the TSO-DSO interface for each time-interval of the next delivery period, so that market agents (managing resources of the distribution grid) can prepare and send their bids accordingly. DSO resources are the first to be mobilized, and the remaining residual reactive power is supplied by the reactive power flexibility offered in the local reactive market. Complex bids (with non-curtailability conditions) are supported to provide flexible ways of bidding fewer flexible assets (such as capacitor banks). An alternating current (AC) optimal power flow (OPF) is used to clear the bids by maximizing the social welfare to supply the TSO required reactive power profile, subject to the DSO grid constraints. A rolling window mechanism allows a continuous dispatching of reactive power, and the possibility of adapting assigned schedules to real time constraints. A simplified TSO-DSO cost assignment of the flexible reactive power used is proposed to share for settlement purposes.
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Gómez-Luna, Eduardo, Jonathan A. Tariacuri, Jorge De La Cruz, and Juan C. Vasquez. "A Novel Technical Framework for Colombia’s Distribution System Operator with Distributed Energy Resources Integration." Energies 18, no. 11 (2025): 2881. https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112881.
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This paper presents a thorough examination of the technical requirements for a new Distribution System Operation (DSO) scheme in Colombia. This study contextualizes these requirements to consider local particularities by looking at national and international standards and models relevant to DSO. This study aims to align the technical requirements to the DSO technologies that offer the greatest advantages (real-time data readings to automate commercial cycle, suspension and reconnection of the service, improving reliability and quality of power supply, and environmental benefits) and the fewest implementation obstacles. Today, an electrical operator can become more proactive by integrating technologies such as advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), distributed energy resources (DER), microgrids, and advanced distribution automation (ADA). This study will provide a structured framework for the implementation of a cutting-edge DSO technology in order to assist Colombia’s energy sector in becoming more dynamic and efficient with a smarter and more active electricity distribution system.
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Natale, Nicola, Fabrizio Pilo, Giuditta Pisano, and Gian Giuseppe Soma. "Quantitative Assessment of Flexibility at the TSO/DSO Interface Subject to the Distribution Grid Limitations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041858.
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In the last years, renewable energy sources have been changing the power system by making it more challenging to balance the generation and demand at every single point in time. The increasing penetration of distributed generation represents another trend at the distribution level that impacts the exploitation of existing distribution assets. In this context, the flexibility of distributed energy resources connected to the distribution systems may play an important role. The flexibility products are represented by variations in the scheduled/expected active and reactive power setpoints. Recently, regulatory bodies suggested many proposals and undertook actions for enabling new players, such as the distributed energy resources connected to the distribution systems, to provide both system and local services. However, currently, there are still barriers that might limit their effective involvement. Market schemes have been proposed for opening the participation of distributed energy resources in the service markets. This paper proposes an analytical quantification of how much the use of flexibility by the transmission system operator can influence the distribution system operator activities and the expected costs. The final goal is quantifying the flexibility that the transmission system operator can procure from the distribution system without a harmful impact on the distribution network operation. The paper investigates the expected interactions between the use of flexibility for power system balancing and security and the operation of distribution systems. The application of the methodology to a significant Case Study showed that even though the fit and forget approach causes a hypertrophic development of distribution systems to host distributed generation, the transmission system operator cannot obtain the required flexibility services or has to pay extra costs for bottlenecks caused by distribution system operational issues.
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Troncia, Matteo, José Pablo Chaves Ávila, Carlos Damas Silva, Helena Gerard, and Gwen Willeghems. "Market-Based TSO–DSO Coordination: A Comprehensive Theoretical Market Framework and Lessons from Real-World Implementations." Energies 16, no. 19 (2023): 6939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16196939.
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This paper introduces a theoretical market framework (TMF) for conceptualizing and designing electricity markets, integrating transmission system operator and distribution system operator (TSO–DSO) coordination mechanisms. The TMF represents a comprehensive tool that formalizes new, innovative market concepts and their impact on existing markets, and outlines fundamental categories and decisions essential to market design. This paper, through the TMF, addresses the integration challenges posed by new mechanisms for system services. Utilizing the TMF, the study maps 13 European demonstrators’ TSO–DSO coordination solutions, identifying real-world challenges in designing and implementing novel system services markets. Drawing on these real-world insights, the paper offers market design and policy recommendations to address and overcome the specific challenges in market-based TSO–DSO coordination.
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Casolino, Giovanni M., and Arturo Losi. "Load Areas in Radial Unbalanced Distribution Systems." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 3030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153030.
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The demand becoming flexible is a requirement for the full exploitation of renewable energy sources. Aggregation may foster the provision of flexibility by small-scale providers connected to distribution grids, since it allows offering significant flexibility volumes to the market. The aggregation of flexibility providers is carried out by the aggregator, a new market role and possibly a new market player. Location information of individual flexibility providers is necessary for both the aggregator and the system operators, in particular, the Distribution System Operator (DSO). For the former, information should allow treating a high number of individual flexibility providers as a single provider to offer significant flexibility volumes to the markets; for the latter, the information should ensure an adequate visibility of the connection of the individual providers to the grid. In the paper, the concept of Load Area (LA) is recalled, which combines the needs of location information of the aggregator and of the DSO. A method for the identification and modeling of LAs for the general case of unbalanced radial systems is proposed. The results of the methods’ application to two studied unbalanced networks are presented, showing the effectiveness and viability of the proposed approach.
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Skok, Srđan, Ahmed Mutapčić, Renata Rubesa, and Mario Bazina. "Transmission Power System Modeling by Using Aggregated Distributed Generation Model Based on a TSO—DSO Data Exchange Scheme." Energies 13, no. 15 (2020): 3949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153949.
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By integrating distributed energy resources (DER, mostly renewable energy sources) in the depth of the distribution network transmission system operators (TSOs), planning and control of transmission systems has been greatly hindered due to the lack of knowledge about the circumstances at the transmission and distribution network’s interface and the lack of coordination with the distribution system operator (DSO). By adopting the Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 (System Operational Guideline—SOGL) establishing a guideline on electricity transmission system operation, harmonized rules on system operation for TSOs, DSOs and significant grid users (SGUs) are set out, inter alia, in order to provide a clear legal framework for the exchange of necessary data and information between the aforementioned subjects. In this paper, the methodology of DER representation at the interface of the transmission and distributed system is presented, with the indicated interactive data exchange between TSO and DSO, for running and analyzing the operation of the entire power system (PS) in real and extended real time. The proposed methodology was tested on a real model of the Croatian transmission PS and with representative DER in the depth of the distribution network.
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Lazović, Đorđe, and Željko Đurišić. "Advanced Flexibility Support through DSO-Coordinated Participation of DER Aggregators in the Balancing Market." Energies 16, no. 8 (2023): 3440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16083440.
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Future power systems with a high share of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy portfolio will have an increasing need for active power balancing. The integration of controllable and more flexible distributed energy resources (DERs) at the distribution-grid level represents a new solution and a sustainable alternative to conventional generation units for providing balancing services to the transmission system operator (TSO). Considering that the extensive participation of DERs in ancillary services may lead to the violation of limits in the distribution network, the distribution system operator (DSO) needs to have a more active role in this process. In this paper, a framework is presented that allows the DSO, as the central coordinator of the aggregators, to participate in the balancing market (BM) as a balancing service provider (BSP). The developed mathematical model is based on the mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) approach and allows for determination of the limits of active power flexibility at the point of the TSO–DSO connection, formation of the dependence of the price/quantity curve, and achievement of the optimal dispatch of each DER after clearing the balancing market. The simulation results are presented and verified on modified IEEE distribution networks.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Distribution system operator (DSO)"
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Björlin, Svozil Tomas. "The Distribution System Operator : A Changing Role." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-206892.
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With the introduction of distributed generation and information and communication technology the distribution system operator need to adapt to the changing circumstances of the market place. This has put requirements on the distribution system operator to transform from a passive management philosophy and become pro-active in its management of the system. The aim of this report is to investigate how the changing market place will put new requirements on the distribution system operator and how it will transform its business model. The pro-active distribution system operator will have to manage new type of consumers (Prosumer, DGO/ Aggregator, TSO) with different contracts and new consumer relationships. These new consumers will be in need of faster (real-time) and more transparent information in order to support the system and its system services. The Distribution system operator will have to transform from being passive and become pro-active in order to solve the new requirements that it will face, in order to produce value for its consumers and partners.
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Fu, Hao. "Market-oriented micro virtual power prosumers operations in distribution system operator framework." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7516/.
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As the European Union is on track to meet its 2020 energy targets on raising the share of renewable energy and increasing the efficiency in the energy consumption, considerable attention has been given to the integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) into the restructured distribution system. This thesis proposes market-oriented operations of micro virtual power prosumers (J.lVPPs) in the distribution system operator framework, in which the J.lVPPs evolve from home-oriented energy management systems to price-taking prosumers and to price-making prosumers. Considering the diversity of the DERs installed in the residential sector, a configurable J.l VPP is proposed first to deliver multiple energy services using a fuzzy logic-based generic algorithm. By responding to the retail price dynamics and applying load control, the J.lVPP achieves considerable electricity bill savings, active utilisation of energy storage system and fast return on investment. As the J.lVPPs enter the distribution system market, they are modelled as price-takers in a two-settlement market first and a chance-constrained formulation is proposed to derive the bidding strategies. The obtained strategy demonstrates its ability to bring the J.l VPP maximum profit based on different composition of DERs and to maintain adequate supply capacity to meet the demand considering the volatile renewable generation and load forecast. Given the non-cooperative nature of the actual market, the J.l VPPs are transformed into price-makers and their market behaviours are studied in the context of electricity market equilibrium models. The resulted equilibrium problems with equilibrium constraints (EPEC) are presented and solved using a novel application of coevolutionary approach. Compared with the roles of home-oriented energy management systems and price-taking prosumers, the J.lVPPs as price making prosumers have an improved utilisation rate of the installed DER capacity and a guaranteed profit from participating in the distribution system market.
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Falk, Karolina, and Joel Forsberg. "Adapting to the Changes Enforced by EU’s Network Codes for Electricity : The Consequences for an Electricity Company from a Distribution System Operator’s Perspective." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107079.
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To reach EU’s climate and energy target an integrated electricity market is considered to be required (Klessmann, et al., 2011; Boie, et al., 2014; Becker, et al., 2013). As a result the European Commission decided to form a set of rules, named the Network Codes, to create a single European market (ENTSO-E, 2013b). The Network Codes will affect Distribution- and Transmission System Operators, grid users and production units as well as all the other actors on the electricity market (Eurelectric, n.d.a). Concerns regarding what the Network Codes’ actual consequences are have been expressed within the line of business (Swedish Energy, 2013a). Therefore the purpose of this master’s thesis was to determine and furthermore illustrate the consequences the Network Codes will have, in current version, for a Swedish non-transmission system connected electricity company and determine what actions need to be taken. The purpose has been addressed by conducting interviews, document studies and by utilizing a change management model, the Intervention Strategy Model, introduced by Paton & McCalman (2000). The structured approach that is the nature of the model was used when determining the consequences the Network Codes enforce and what actions a non-transmission system connected electricity company has to take to cope with them. To further facilitate the determination of these actions this study was conducted on a non-transmission system connected electricity company, in this thesis named Electricity Company A. The investigation of the concerns expressed within the line of business illustrated that the concerns were diverse but a majority of them might be incorporated into either of the following groups, simulation models, demand side aggregator and information handling. Out of these groups information handling was by far the area of greatest concern with issues primarily connected to the Distribution System Operator. Consequently this thesis focused on the Distribution System Operator’s perspective. The analysis of the area of greatest concern, presented in two flow charts, clearly showed the increased amount of communication enforced by the Network Codes. This increased information handling results in numerous possible organisational consequences for the Distribution System Operator, for example might new systems be required and some existing systems be used with or without adaption. Furthermore, the extra workload could possibly be handled by the existing personnel, in some cases after complementary education, but it might also require new personnel. Finally the Network Codes open up for the possibility for the Distribution System Operator to define certain details which may be conducted individually or in cooperation with other Distribution System Operators. Which of these possible consequences that will affect a specific company is, however, dependent on its preconditions. The study on Electricity Company A reveals that the numerous actions required to handle the new communication were not as significant as the line of business might have feared. For Electricity Company A, primarily a new system is needed to handle the real-time values and some of the existing systems need to be updated. Additionally the combined extra work load might require extra personnel for Electricity Company A even though the individual work assignments are fairly small. The actions required should be fairly similar for companies of approximately equal size but might be more extensive for smaller non-transmission system connected electricity companies. All companies need, however, to conduct an individual analysis to determine which specific actions are required for them. The conclusions of this thesis aspired, and partly succeeded, to be generalizable on a European level. One example of this is the usage of the Intervention Strategy Model which proved applicable for determining which specific actions are required for all European electricity companies. Furthermore the concerns presented and the possible consequences of the increased information handling found, are generalizable but not complete for all European electricity companies. This thesis focused on one part of the complex Network Codes’ consequences and consequently further research is needed to fully understand the consequences for the electricity business in total.
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FLAMMINI, MARCO GIACOMO. "Reference electric distribution network modelling and integration of electric vehicle charging stations." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2827703.
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Smartcities,withprosumersatthecentre,areatthefrontlineoftheenergytransition. The national and international policies should encourage then this transition by promoting, among many aspects, energy digitalization, massive penetration of renewable energies and electrification of the transport sector. To embrace all these changes, a holistic view, covering not only the distribution system, is necessary to plan, design and reorganize in particular urban areas. The radical distribution networks transformation is monitored and presented, both considering technical and non-technical aspects, which aims at encouraging potential directions that distribution system operators can pursue. The thesis work has three main objectives. From the distribution system operator (DSO) perspective, the main objective is to investigate how the technical and non-technical features vary among distribution system networks in Europe. From the modelling perspective, the second main objective is firstly to define a method which incorporates the previous findings to properly design a tool able to reproduce representative urban networks and secondly to validate the results through a statistical methodology. From the electric vehicle’s infrastructure perspective, the thirdmainobjectiveisfirstlytounderstandtheelectricvehiclesdemandbehaviour and develop models capable of reproducing them, and secondly to assess, through a dedicated methodology, the electric vehicles charging infrastructure features and performance. Theresultsfromthisthesisindicatesthattheincreasingattentiontowardthedistribution sector should not be underestimated by the main actor, distribution system operator, which appears to have different approaches in smartening and digitalizing their network especially concerning electric mobility, demand response and
data management between distribution and transmission system operators (TSO). It is urgent for policy makers and stakeholders involved to align distribution system operators to a common strategy to tackle the introduction in the distribution network grids of new players. Tools like DiNeMo platform applied in this thesis may be used to perform preliminary research studies concerning the installation of newcharginginfrastructure, renewableenergygeneratorsornetworkreinforcement analysis. Indeed, it is crucial for regulators to take into account the physical layer of distribution grids when designing new policies and incentives in order to address challenges of tomorrow’s cities.
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Криводуб, Анна Сергіївна, Анна Сергеевна Криводуб, Anna Serhiivna Kryvodub, et al. "Information Technology Distribution of Applications between Operators of the Compressor Station." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47080.
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Ergatic automated systems with many active operators are researched. The problem of choosing the optimal fixing of the man-operator for an application for execution of the function is examined. Questions the effectiveness and appropriateness of information technology have been described.
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Goncalves, Sofia. "Feasibility study of an EV management system to provide Vehicle-to-Building considering battery degradation." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-247624.
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The recent increase of electric cars adoption will inuence the electricity demand in the distributionnetworks which risks to be higher than the maximum power available in the grid, if not well planned. Forthis reason, it is on the DSOs and TSOs's interest to plan carefully coordinated charging of a bulk of EVsas well as assess the possibility of EVs acting as energy storages with the Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) or Vehicleto-Building (V2B) capability. When parked and plugged into the electric grid, EVs will absorb energy andstore it, being also able to deliver electricity back to the grid/building (V2G/B system).This can be anoptimized process, performed by an aggregator, gathering multiple EVs that discharge the battery into thegrid at peak time and charge when there is low demand i.e. overnight and o-peak hours.Numerous studies have investigated the possibility of aggregating multiple EVs and optimizing theircharging and discharging schedules for peak load reduction or energy arbitrage with participation in theelectricity market. However, no study was found for optimizing a shared eet of EVs with daily reservationsfor dierent users trying to perform V2B. In this study an optimization modelling algorithm (mixed integerlinear problem - MILP) that manages the possible reservations of the shared eet of EVs, coordinates thecharging and discharging schedules, and provides V2B (Vehicle-to-Building), with the objective of minimizingenergy costs and accounting with battery ageing has been developed. A case study with real data for abuilding is carried out modelling dierent number of EVs for two dierent days in year 2017, one in Marchand other in June.Results show that the prots are higher for all cases when introducing V2B as compared to a no optimizationscenario: V2B with battery degradation (50 ore/kWh) has decreased daily variable electricity costsbetween 54 and 59% in March and 60 and 63% for June when compared without smart charging. Integrationof battery degradation cost in V2B applications is necessary and inuences signicantly the chargingand discharging strategies adopted by EV and nally the total daily costs: The total daily cost increaseby maximal 10% for the day in March and 13% for the day in June when comparing the scenario that hasstationary battery and uses only-charging model for EVs with the scenario applying V2B mode consideringa degradation cost of 80 ore/kWh.<br>Ö kningen av antalet elbilar kommer att påverka lasten i elnätet som riskerar att bli högre än kapacitetom det inte är väl planerat. Därför är det i elnätsföretags intresse att samordna laddningen av de flesta elbilarna samt att utvärdera möjligheterna att använda elbilar som energilager gentemot elnätet (Vehicleto-Grid,V2G) eller byggnader (Vehicle-to-Building, V2B). Vid parkering och anslutning till elnätet kommer elbilar att ladda energi och lagra den, samtidigt de kan leverera el tillbaka till elnätet eller byggnaden (V2G/V2B). Detta kan vara en optimerad process som utförs av en aggregator genom att ladda flera elbilar i låglasttimmar och ladda ur dem under höglasttimmar.Många studier har undersökt möjligheten att aggregera flera elbilar och optimera laddningsoch urladdningsplaner för topplastreduktion eller energiarbitrage på elmarknaden. Ingen studie har dock hittats för att optimera en gemensam flotta av elbilar med dagliga reservationer för olika användare som försöker utföra V2B. Denna studie har utvecklat en optimeringsmodell (blandad heltalsprogrammering MILP) som hanterar möjliga reservationer av en flotta av elbilar, koordinerar laddning och urladdning planering, och utför V2B för att minimera energikostnader med hänsyn till batteriets åldrande. En fallstudie för en byggnad genomfördes modellering av olika antal elbilar för två dagar 2017, en i mars och andra i juni.Resultaten visar att vinsten är högre i samtliga fall då man introducerar V2B jämfört med scenario utan optimering: V2B med batteriladdningskostnad 50 öre/kWh minskade dagliga rörliga elkostnader mellan 54% och 59% i mars och mellan 60% och 63% i juni jämfört med utan smart laddning. Att inkludera batteriladdningskostnaden i V2B-applikationer är nödvändigt och har en signifikant inverkan på laddningsstrategierna och de totala kostnaderna: De totala dagliga kostnaderna ökar med upp till 10% i mars och upp till 13% i juni då man jämför scenariot att bara ladda elbilar och ha stationärt batteri med scenariot V2B med hänsyntill batteriladdningskostnad 80 öre/kWh.
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Kolacia, Tomáš. "Měření elektrických veličin v distribučních sítích 22 kV a 0,4 kV s disperzními zdroji." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221196.
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This thesis concerns monitoring in Middle- and Low-Voltage distribution systems penetrated by distributed generation. Monitoring itself means measuring voltages and power flows and sending relevant data to the supervisory system. The first part of the thesis describes distribution systems with differences between individual voltage levels. The following chapter is focused on consequences of high share of renewable energy sources in distribution systems. Most of the problems are partially resolved by technical conditions for connection of the new power sources. However, difficulties with voltage regulation and uncontrolled power flows to higher voltage levels remain. These are the reasons for measuring voltages and currents in medium voltage networks. Second to last subhead of this chapter is dedicated to possible benefits of monitoring. The fourth part of the thesis deals with voltage and current sensors with their advantages and disadvantages. The best suitable devices are chosen in the end of the chapter. It is crucial to mention that sensors are only part of measuring system. Analog outputs from current or voltage transformers need to be converted to digital signal and further processed. After that required quantities are finally sent. Properties of these circuit cards are described in the sixth chapter. Following part aims to define a certain key that will determine the suitable locations for installation of the measurement. The final part of the thesis compares measured voltages and power flows from real 22 kV network with calculated values from computer program PAS DAISY Bizon.
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Samuel, Tomáš. "Vliv připojování disperzních zdrojů na DS 22 kV v dané oblasti a určení dopadů na provoz DS." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218534.
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The Thesis deals with the current problem related to the connection of dispersive sources to the distribution network. The advantageous legislative support, however, gives a rapid rise to the sources of this kind. Current pricing philosophy favours in particular the growth of photovoltaic power plants. The introduction is aimed at the dispersive sources locating so as to give a comprehensive solution and better understanding of this issue. The equipments of this kind are located in accordance with legislation in force; however, it is necessary to formulate the possibilities of placing them from the view of rational use of the area with the aim of the public weal accordance of both public and private interests. Talking about connection of the new dispersive sources to the distribution network, it is important to mention the legislation, legal directives and regulations delimitating this kind of trade. This theme is the subject of another chapter of the work. Particular attention is paid to the regulation on conditions of connection to the distribution network. When connecting the sources to the distribution network the biggest technical problem from the view of electrical engineering is undesirable influence on the quality parameters (voltage) in this network. This is in particular the voltage change after connection, then, depending on the type of source, the emission of the current harmonic, sharp voltage change, etc. Considering current rise of the dispersive sources connected to the distribution network, more and more influence will appear in quantity parameters. For this reason there will be a lot of search for the methods of preventing from the negative influence on the network. From all of the above said reasons, the work is aimed at the operation analysis of the part of the distribution network, calculation of the network qualitative parameters and searching for the methods of negative influence rectification owing to switching processes of the distribution system. So as to determine the quantitative parameters we used the E-influence programme. Final paragraphs are devoted to the changes to come not only in legislation but, in general, in the approach of the distribution system operators not only to the ways of another connection of such sources but even the regulation of the dispersive sources already connected.
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Pinheiro, Daniela Batista. "Centralized solar PV generation forecast from the perspective of a distribution system operator." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/32658.
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Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2018<br>It is essential to have mechanisms to promote the integration of electricity from renewable energy sources in the power system from a technical, economic and social perspectives. Due to the stochastic nature of photovoltaic generation, good forecasts of future generation help grid operators and individual producers to better manage their operations, thus increasing the PV efficiency and competitiveness. This dissertation describes the development of a Random Forests forecasting algorithm for electricity generation of a photovoltaic power-plant from the perspective of Distribution System Operator. The model developed has the final aim to be a tool as support for grid management. The forecasting techniques chosen were Persistence and Random Forests. The inputs include a 3x3 matrix of weather forecasts, performed by a Numeric Weather Prediction model (centered on the location of the power-plant) astronomical and time variables. Two models were created: a Day-ahead model and an Intraday model. The Day-ahead model performs an hourly forecast early in the day using data from the previous day, while the Intraday is updated during the day, including photovoltaic generation data to correct the forecast made earlier by the Day-ahead model. Both models produce forecasts from 08:00 h to 18:00 h. They were tested with data for a location in Portugal with data from 2014. Several tests were carried out with different combinations of inputs in order to arrive at the combination of inputs that had a smaller prediction error (𝑛𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸). The optimal combination, for both models, includes all Numeric Weather Prediction variables, the average of the photovoltaic generation from the two days before and astronomical and time variables. The 𝑛𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸 for this test is 9.22% and 7.68%, for the Day-ahead and Intraday models, respectively. The Intraday model proved to be more accurate than the Day-ahead model and both performed accurate forecasts in clear days and were less accurate in irregular days.<br>Com o aumento da utilização das energias renováveis, é essencial ter mecanismos para ajudá-las a serem aceites social e tecnicamente. Um dos mecanismos que recentemente começou a ser utilizado é a previsão de geração renovável, nomeadamente da eólica e, neste caso, a fotovoltaica. Devido à natureza estocástica da geração fotovoltaica, ter uma boa previsão da geração futura ajuda os operadores da rede e os produtores individuais a gerir melhor as suas operações, aumentando assim a eficiência e a competitividade. Esta tese consiste em criar um algoritmo com a utilização de modelos de aprendizagem inteligente, na linguagem de programação R, para prever a geração de uma central fotovoltaica, na perspetiva do Operador de Distribuição. O modelo desenvolvido tem o objetivo final de ser uma ferramenta como suporte para a gestão da grade. Existem vários tipos de modelos de previsão, os quais: modelo de persistência, modelos físicos (sendo o mais conhecido denominado de Previsão Numérica do Tempo), modelos estatísticos (que se dividem em métodos regressivos e modelos de aprendizagem inteligente), e modelos híbridos (que se dividem em modelos híbridos estatísticos e modelos híbridos físicos). Sendo um dos objetivos desta tese a utilização de modelos de aprendizagem inteligente, teve-se em conta os seguintes modelos: redes neuronais, k-vizinhos mais próximos, máquinas de vetor suporte e florestas aleatórias. Após a avaliação de cada um, o modelo de florestas aleatórias foi o escolhido para desenvolver as previsões de geração fotovoltaica. As florestas aleatórias é um modelo que se baseia em árvores de decisão. Este tem como método o desenvolvimento de um grande número de árvores, todas elas independentes entre si, elaborar uma previsão com base no resultado de todas as unidades. Para além disso, as florestas aleatórias são ainda um modelo recente na previsão de geração fotovoltaica, pelo que é interessante avaliar o modelo e aprofunda-lo. Para além deste modelo, também foi escolhido o modelo de persistência. Este assume que a geração fotovoltaica na unidade de tempo 𝑡 é igual à geração em 𝑡+1, sendo por isso o modelo de previsão mais simples e utilizado como linha de base quando comparado com outros modelos de previsão mais complexos. Os dados utilizados como entrada no modelo desenvolvido foram: dados históricos de prodição da central fotovoltaica em estudo, previsões meteorológicas, numa matriz 3x3 centrada na localização da central fotovoltaica, cedidas pelo Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (feitas através do modelo físico Previsão Numérica do Tempo), variáveis astronómicas, dia juliano e hora solar; todos eles relativos aos anos 2013 e 2014. As previsões meteorológicas consistem nas variáveis: velocidade do vento, direção do vento, radiação, temperatura, pressão, componente u e v do vento. Para avaliar a precisão da previsão, recorreu-se ao calculo do erro da previsão, que visa comparar a previsão dada pelo modelo e produção fotovoltaica real. Para isso utilizou-se o erro quadrado médio. Foi também calculado um modelo de céu limpo com o objetivo de auxiliar as previsões, na vertente de produção e de irradiação. Com esse modelo foi calculado o índice de céu limpo também para ambas as vertentes. Para tornar o modelo mais versátil e adequado às necessidades do Operador de Distribuição, foram criados dois modelos: um modelo Dia-seguinte e um modelo Intradiário. O modelo Dia-seguinte consiste numa previsão horária no início do dia e é a primeira visão geral quanto ao perfil de geração que a central fotovoltaica terá nesse dia. Em primeiro lugar calculou-se o valor da previsão, para 2014, através do modelo de persistência de duas formas: uma fazendo a média do valor da produção dos dois últimos dias à hora em que se quer prever e assumir que essa será a produção do dia seguinte e outra fazendo o mesmo procedimento, mas com o valor do índice de céu limpo. De seguida, o modelo de árvores aleatórias foi desenvolvido. Neste caso, utilizou-se os dados referentes a 2013 para treinar e validar o modelo e os de 2014 para testa-lo. As entradas do modelo variaram entre várias combinações dos dados acima referidos. Foram feitas várias análises com o objetivo de encontrar a combinação de dados que resultasse no menor erro de previsão, entre elas: avaliação das variáveis meteorológicas, astronómicas e de tempo; avaliação da importância das variáveis meteorológicas relativas ao vento, inclusão de previsões meteorológicas elaboradas um e dois dias anteriores, interpolação linear das variáveis, inclusão de dados meteorológicos de pontos vizinhos e inclusão de dados de produção passada. O erro de previsão da persistência foi superior à maioria dos testes elaborados pelas florestas aleatórias, com a exceção do teste que incluiu todas as variáveis meteorológicas com as astronómicas e as de tempo mais dados de produção passada produziu o melhor resultado. Os respetivos erros foram de 9.92% e 9.22%. Por outro lado, o modelo Intradiário tem o objetivo de ser realizado ao longo do dia, incluindo a última geração de PV para corrigir a previsão feita pelo modelo Dia-seguinte. Neste caso, o modelo de persistência foi o primeiro a ser calculado. Assumiu-se que o valor da produção fotovoltaica e do índice de céu limpo da hora anterior seria igual à hora seguinte. Quanto ao modelo de árvores aleatórias, teve-se em conta o melhor resultado do modelo Dia-seguinte, ou seja, manteve-se as mesmas variáveis de entrada e adicionou-se a geração fotovoltaica da hora anterior. Neste caso, o erro de previsão da persistência foi superior ao erro gerado pelo teste das florestas aleatórias. Sendo que o erro da persistência foi de 10.40% e o erro do modelo Intradiário de florestas aleatórias foi de 7.68%. Posto isto, conclui-se que o modelo Intradiário mostrou ser mais preciso do que o modelo Dia-seguinte. Por sim, foram escolhidos quatro dias do ano de 2014, um para cada estação do ano: outono, inverno, primavera e verão. Observou-se que em geral o modelo Intradiário seguiu o perfil da geração fotovoltaica real com um maior rigor que o Dia-seguinte, o que cumpre com as espectativas e com o objetivo inicial de o modelo Intradiário ser um ajuste ao longo do dia do modelo Dia-seguinte. Aferiu-se também que ambos os modelos são mais precisos em dias limpos e pouco irregulares. Quanto a dias com nuvens e irregulares, os modelos têm mais dificuldade em prever o dia ou a hora seguintes. Este trabalho demonstra que é possível elaborar previsões de produção fotovoltaica com base em previsões meteorológicas, dados passados de produção e variáveis facilmente calculáveis como a hora solar, o dia juliano, o azimute e a altura solar. Num futuro muito próximo será imprescindível para operadores da rede o acesso a modelos de previsão. A previsão de produção será tão necessária para esses agentes como a previsão meteorológica é para a comunidade em geral.
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Siano, P., and Geev Mokryani. "Evaluating the Benefits of Optimal Allocation of Wind Turbines for Distribution Network Operators." 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9223.
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No<br>This paper proposes a hybrid optimization method for optimal allocation of wind turbines (WTs) that combines a fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm (MO-GA) and the market-based optimal power flow (OPF) to jointly minimize the total energy losses and maximize the net present value associated with the WT investment over a planning horizon. The method is conceived for distributed-generator-owning distribution network operators to find the optimal numbers and sizes of WTs among different potential combinations. MO-GA is used to select, among all the candidate buses, the optimal sites and sizes of WTs. A nondominated sorting GA II procedure is used for finding multiple Pareto-optimal solutions in a multiobjective optimization problem, while market-based OPF is used to simulate an electricity market session. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated with an 84-bus 11.4-kV radial distribution system.
Books on the topic "Distribution system operator (DSO)"
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Operator, Alberta Electric System. Alberta Electric System Operator: 2003 general tariff application liability protection : Board determinations and recommendations. Alberta Energy and Utilities Board, 2003.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform. Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs. California Independent System Operator: Governance and design of California's electricity market : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Policy, Natural Resources, and Regulatory Affairs of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session, February 22, 2002. U.S. G.P.O., 2003.
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Costa, Oswaldo Luiz Valle. Discrete-Time Markov Jump Linear Systems. Springer London, 2005.
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Costa, Oswaldo L. V. Continuous-Time Markov Jump Linear Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
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Math for water distribution system operators: Practice problems to prepare for distribution system operator certification exams. American Water Works Association, 2007.
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Vanhove, Simon. Power Distribution System Operator under EU, Belgian and Dutch Law. Intersentia Uitgevers N.V., 2023.
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Operator certification study guide: A workbook for treatment plant operators and distribution system personnel. 3rd ed. American Water Works Association, 1989.
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Association, American Water Works. Operator Certification Study Guide: A Workbook for Treatment Plant Operators and Distribution System Personnel. 4th ed. Amer Water Works Assn, 2000.
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Alpay, Daniel, and Bernd Kirstein. Recent Advances in Inverse Scattering, Schur Analysis and Stochastic Processes: A Collection of Papers Dedicated to Lev Sakhnovich. Birkhäuser, 2016.
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Alpay, Daniel, and Bernd Kirstein. Recent Advances in Inverse Scattering, Schur Analysis and Stochastic Processes: A Collection of Papers Dedicated to Lev Sakhnovich. Birkhäuser, 2015.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Distribution system operator (DSO)"
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Aithal, Avinash, Andrew Wainwright, and Steve Atkins. "Conflict Management (Primacy Rules)." In Power Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92905-2_10.
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Abstract Until relatively recently, the National Energy System Operator (NESO) and Distribution System Operator (DSO) performed distinct, and largely independent roles. Both organisations could consider the other's networks as being constraint free and having ready ability to access DER for their own needs. Increasing volumes of services from DER for both transmission and distribution system needs mean that the need for co-ordination between system operators is becoming increasingly imperative. This chapter considers how the underpinning rules around conflict management have been determined and the need for continued development of primacy rules.
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Boillot, Marc. "Smart Grids are the Future for DSO." In Advanced Smart Grids for Distribution System Operators: Volume 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119054030.ch7.
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Aithal, Avinash, Andrew Wainwright, and Steve Atkins. "Stackability of Flexibility Services." In Power Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92905-2_11.
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Abstract Operators of flexible assets seeking to maximise value from their assets have numerous options for their trading strategy. Sources of revenue include trading energy on the wholesale market; providing balancing services to the National Energy System Operator (NESO); capitalising on opportunities created by imbalance pricing; and more recently providing Flexibility Services to the Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Each revenue stream comes with associated commercial and regulatory complexity, and almost all of them are subject to ongoing development. Flexibility Service providers need to ensure areas of complexity do not inhibit their ability to provide services into different markets and potentially stack revenue opportunities. In response, it is incumbent on the DSO market facilitators to ensure arrangements are developed that minimise any friction between markets and allow as much participation as possible.
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Cardinaël, L., W. Ramdane Cherif-Khettaf, and A. Oulamara. "Memetic Algorithms for the Technician Routing and Scheduling Problem: Real Case Study of Energy Distribution System Operator (DSO)." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69257-4_17.
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Aithal, Avinash, Andrew Wainwright, and Steve Atkins. "Forecasting and Development Plans (Pre-procurement)." In Power Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92905-2_4.
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Abstract Distribution System Operators (DSOs) need robust processes to forecasts future demand on their networks and from this future system needs. This chapter describes how GB DSOs have come together to develop consistent approaches to these functions through their Distribution Future Energy/Electricity Scenarios (DFES) Network Development Plans (NDP) that detail their network’s future needs for the next 10 years.
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Aithal, Avinash, Andrew Wainwright, and Steve Atkins. "Procurement Process." In Power Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92905-2_5.
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Abstract This chapter describes the processes undertaken by GB Distribution System Operators (DSOs) to procure flexibility services for their future needs. It describes the pre-qualification process, the key stages undertaken in the signposting and procurement of Flexibility Services and why DSOs typically have had two structured procurement cycles per year.
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Aithal, Avinash, Andrew Wainwright, and Steve Atkins. "Carbon Impact Assessment of Flexibility Service." In Power Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92905-2_12.
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Abstract Great Britain's Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have been required to develop common methodologies for carbon reporting and monitoring of flexibility markets. This ensures that the impact of flexibility services on GB decarbonisation targets can be understood. This chapter provides an overview of how such monitoring has been implemented in GB.
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Aithal, Avinash, Andrew Wainwright, and Steve Atkins. "Market Principles." In Power Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92905-2_2.
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Abstract Increased volumes of embedded generation and smart, flexible demands provide consumers with more control and choice over how Britain’s homes, businesses and communities use their electricity and facilitate new competitive opportunities for participation in energy markets. Distribution system operators are facilitators of such markets and this chapter considers the market principles adopted by DSOs in developing GB markets.
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Mallet, Pierre. "The Distribution System Operator at the Heart of the SmartGrid Revolution." In Smart Grids. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118562581.ch5.
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Jacob, Maria, Cláudia Neves, and Danica Vukadinović Greetham. "Introduction." In Forecasting and Assessing Risk of Individual Electricity Peaks. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28669-9_1.
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Abstract Electricity demand or load forecasts inform both industrial and governmental decision making processes, from energy trading and electricity pricing to demand response and infrastructure maintenance. Electric load forecasts allow Distribution System Operators (DSOs) and policy makers to prepare for the short and long term future. For informed decisions to be made, particularly within industries that are highly regulated such as electricity trading, the factors influencing electricity demand need to be understood well. This is only becoming more urgent, as low carbon technologies (LCT) become more prevalent and consumers start to generate electricity for themselves, trade with peers and interact with DSOs.
Conference papers on the topic "Distribution system operator (DSO)"
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Joshi, B. P., Shweta Sachdeva, Sangeeta Pant, Shweta Goyal, Anuj Kumar, and Pushpendra Singh Kharayat. "Selection of Electrical Distribution System using SVAS based Einstein Averaging Operator." In 2024 4th International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in Engineering (ICACITE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacite60783.2024.10616576.
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Kim, Kun-Jung, Yoon-Geon Lee, Young-Sik Jang, Mi-Yeon Cho, and Min-Hee Choi. "Development of Operator Training Simulator for Distribution Line Maintenance Robot System." In 2024 10th International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.23919/cmd62064.2024.10766315.
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Lu, Hao, Weiye Zheng, and Yushen Zheng. "Optimal Operation of Distribution System Operator and Prosumers Based on Mixed Game Strategy." In 2024 4th Power System and Green Energy Conference (PSGEC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/psgec62376.2024.10720983.
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Gauce, Diana, and Anna Litvinenko. "LIDAR Dataset Validation for Enhancing Vegetation Management in Distribution System Operator Powerline Infrastructure." In 2024 IEEE 65th International Scientific Conference on Information Technology and Management Science of Riga Technical University (ITMS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itms64072.2024.10741947.
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Shi, Tianchen, Chenxing Yang, Kairong Zhang, et al. "Optimal Operation of Distribution System Operator and Multi-intelligent Community Micro-Grid Based on Hybrid Game Theory." In 2024 IEEE PES 16th Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/appeec61255.2024.10922287.
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Lei, Xiang, Jiahao Zhong, Yunwang Chen, and Linni Jian. "Bidding Strategy for Distribution System Operator Considering V2G Operation in Electricity Market Based on Two Stage Robust Optimization." In 2024 14th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems (ICPES). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpes63746.2024.10856676.
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Khosravi, M., and Sh Meery. "Finding a Solution for Designing an Optimum Cathodic Protection System for an Existing Tank Farm." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01444.
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Abstract Many existing small fuel tank farms still do not have not cathodic protection. New revised environment and safety standards require the operator to install cathodic protection for their system. Limited owned expensive land, neighboring metallic underground piping such as fire fighting water which can interfere with CP systems are a challenging problem in this field. Since current and potential distribution tests are not possible due to lack of permanent reference electrodes beneath the tank bottom plate and horizontal or angel drilling is not economically feasible for these small tank farms, utilizing the boundary element method (BEM), the critical parameters for designing a cathodic protection system such as; type of ground bed (semi deep, deep, distributed anodes around the tank’s perimeter and concentrated surface ground bed), the location of the ground bed and the optimum current that can polarizes the structures to protection potential can be simulated for the tank bottom plate in contact with soil and the neighbor underground piping. These results are then presented showing the potential distribution of tank bottom and underground piping. The results show appropriate performance of a semi deep ground bed from a potential distribution and economical point of view. Finally the best anodic current and location of anodes was found by simulated model too.
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Nielsen, Lars Vendelbo, and Bent Baumgarten. "Monitoring of Average Coating Resistance with Off-Potential Mode T/R’S – Operator Experiences." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10065.
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Abstract Specially designed rectifiers capable of operating in off-potential mode have been operating successfully for more than two years in the Greater Copenhagen Natural Gas1 distribution system. The rectifier system is based on a conventional transformer rectifier operating in potential mode and a PLC controlled off-potential measurement and feed-back procedure. The IR drop is fed to the rectifier feed back loop hereby offsetting the conventional potential control by this (IR) amount. The parameters resulting from the above described system include on-potential, off-potential, rectifier current, IR-drop and the average coating resistance of the pipeline. Benefits include: The off-potential facility has proved to effectively provide a reproducible measure of the average coating resistance enabling the operator to conduct instant investigations on cause of coating damages and to pursue any third party that might have caused coating or pipeline damage.The remote controlled T/R system automatically produces measurements in the silent hours (where no DC traction systems are active) as required in stray current areas thereby saving the operator for inconvenient and costly working hours.
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Sørensen, Ketil Bernt, Uffe Sognstrup Thomsen, Susanne Juhler, and Jan Larsen. "Cost Efficient MIC Management System Based on Molecular Microbiological Methods." In CORROSION 2012. NACE International, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2012-01111.
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Abstract The tools available for microbiological surveillance of oil field systems have significantly improved during the last decade. The introduction of molecular microbiological methods (MMM) has made it possible to reliably monitor the distribution of microorganisms involved in MIC. Thus, the limiting factor in MIC surveillance is no longer the quality of the microbiological data, but the conversion of these into a reliable risk assessment. Here, we describe a model used to perform such a conversion. The model calculates a MIC risk factor as well as worst-case pitting corrosion rates. The calculations are based on numbers of MIC-causing microorganisms measured by quantitative PCR (qPCR), reactions and stoichiometries for the electron flow at the metal surface, and empirically determined cell-specific reaction rates. The microorganisms included in the model are sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) and methanogens since these microbial groups are known to cause enhanced corrosion rates on steel surfaces. The application of the MIC model is demonstrated through field cases from the Danish Sector of the North Sea. The field cases show how MMM-based surveillance in combination with a suitable model for MIC risk assessment allows the Operator to take timely precautions in order to prevent production failures due to MIC.
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Tidemann, Carl E., Jamie M. Bright, and Nicholas A. Engerer. "Solar forecasting as an enablement tool for the distribution system operator (DSO)." In 2019 IEEE 46th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc40753.2019.8980815.
Full textReports on the topic "Distribution system operator (DSO)"
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Reeve, Hayden. The Distribution System Operator with Transactive (DSO+T) Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1842482.
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Reeve, Hayden, Steven Widergren, Robert Pratt, et al. Distribution System Operator with Transactive (DSO+T) Study Volume 1: Main Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1842485.
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Goodman, Shuli. Paving the Way to Battle Climate Change: How Two Utilities Embraced Open Source to Speed Modernization of the Electric Grid. The Linux Foundation, 2022. https://doi.org/10.70828/zxch7776.
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Paving the Way to Battle Climate Change: How Two Utilities Embraced Open Source to Speed Modernization of the Electric Grid is a case study of how two large European distribution and transmission systems operators, the Netherlands’ Alliander and France’s RTE, adopted and contributed to three significant LF Energy projects, SEAPATH, CoMPAS, and OpenSTEF so that their electrical substations can become more modular, interoperable, and scalable, and alleviate the challenges associated with less predictable renewable energy sources. The study illustrates how the two firms learned that joining forces via open source collaboration enables them to develop more software solutions and do so up to ten times faster than if they worked on proprietary software solutions alone.
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Lacerda Silva, P., G. R. Chalmers, A. M. M. Bustin, and R. M. Bustin. Gas geochemistry and the origins of H2S in the Montney Formation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329794.
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The geology of the Montney Formation and the geochemistry of its produced fluids, including nonhydrocarbon gases such as hydrogen sulfide were investigated for both Alberta and BC play areas. Key parameters for understanding a complex petroleum system like the Montney play include changes in thickness, depth of burial, mass balance calculations, timing and magnitudes of paleotemperature exposure, as well as kerogen concentration and types to determine the distribution of hydrocarbon composition, H2S concentrations and CO2 concentrations. Results show that there is first-, second- and third- order variations in the maturation patterns that impact the hydrocarbon composition. Isomer ratio calculations for butane and propane, in combination with excess methane estimation from produced fluids, are powerful tools to highlight effects of migration in the hydrocarbon distribution. The present-day distribution of hydrocarbons is a result of fluid mixing between hydrocarbons generated in-situ with shorter-chained hydrocarbons (i.e., methane) migrated from deeper, more mature areas proximal to the deformation front, along structural elements like the Fort St. John Graben, as well as through areas of lithology with higher permeability. The BC Montney play appears to have hydrocarbon composition that reflects a larger contribution from in-situ generation, while the Montney play in Alberta has a higher proportion of its hydrocarbon volumes from migrated hydrocarbons. Hydrogen sulphide is observed to be laterally discontinuous and found in discrete zones or pockets. The locations of higher concentrations of hydrogen sulphide do not align with the sulphate-rich facies of the Charlie Lake Formation but can be seen to underlie areas of higher sulphate ion concentrations in the formation water. There is some alignment between CO2 and H2S, particularly south of Dawson Creek; however, the cross-plot of CO2 and H2S illustrates some deviation away from any correlation and there must be other processes at play (i.e., decomposition of kerogen or carbonate dissolution). The sources of sulphur in the produced H2S were investigated through isotopic analyses coupled with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The Montney Formation in BC can contain small discrete amounts of sulphur in the form of anhydrite as shown by XRD and SEM-EDX results. Sulphur isotopic analyses indicate that the most likely source of sulphur is from Triassic rocks, in particular, the Charlie Lake Formation, due to its close proximity, its high concentration of anhydrite (18-42%), and the evidence that dissolved sulphate ions migrated within the groundwater in fractures and transported anhydrite into the Halfway Formation and into the Montney Formation. The isotopic signature shows the sulphur isotopic ratio of the anhydrite in the Montney Formation is in the same range as the sulphur within the H2S gas and is a lighter ratio than what is found in Devonian anhydrite and H2S gas. This integrated study contributes to a better understanding of the hydrocarbon system for enhancing the efficiency of and optimizing the planning of drilling and production operations. Operators in BC should include mapping of the Charlie Lake evaporites and structural elements, three-dimensional seismic and sulphate ion concentrations in the connate water, when planning wells, in order to reduce the risk of encountering unexpected souring.
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Baruah, Bipasha, Ann Kingiri, Daniel Musyoka, et al. Powering Change: The Critical Role of Women and Youth in Sustainable Energy Transformation. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/cedca.2025.001.
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How do we build economic systems that recognise and work within the biophysical limits of our finite planet while simultaneously reducing poverty and inequality? This has become a defining question of our time, and the global transition to clean energy is increasingly considered an important vehicle via which we might address this ‘trilemma.’ Concerns about environmental sustainability and fossil fuel insecurity have encouraged countries around the world to transition to low-carbon energy supplies derived from clean renewables such as solar, hydro, bioenergy, geothermal and wind. Since producing and distributing clean energy is more labour intensive than producing and distributing fossil fuels, this shift is creating new employment opportunities, as well as addressing energy poverty in remote or under-served communities everywhere in the world. Although there is tremendous potential to create employment and opportunities for entrepreneurship in clean energy almost everywhere in the world, there is a growing concern that women, who are already underrepresented in the energy sector, will become even more marginalised if gender equity policies and programmes are not proactively planned and implemented. Without appropriately targeted training, education, apprenticeships, employment placement, financial tools and supportive social policies, transitioning to clean energy may exacerbate existing gender inequities and hinder global poverty alleviation goals, including the SDGs. Empirical data on the participation of women and youth in the clean energy sector remains weak and scattered, and so do policy interventions designed to optimise their participation. This is precisely what Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC) is trying to accomplish via its Clean Energy for Development: A Call to Action (CEDCA) initiative, which supports 12 research projects that operate in 27 countries across three thematic bases: clean energy transition, micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), and women and youth. This research for policy and practice report showcases three of these research projects and draws out rigorous evidence to inform policymaking that advances the participation of women and youth in the clean energy sector.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,