Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distribution (Théorie des probabilités) – Mesure'
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Pigeon, Mathieu. "Utilisation d'avis d'experts en actuariat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25548/25548.pdf.
Full textWang, Xiaomin. "Décider du type de distribution de degré d'un graphe (réseau) à partir des mesures traceroute-like." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066608.
Full textGenest, Maxime. "Mesures de localisation et de dispersion et profondeur de Tukey en statistique directionnelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27669/27669.pdf.
Full textRabenoro, Dimbihery. "Distribution asymptotique de vecteurs aléatoires indépendants non identiquement distribués conditionnés par leur somme. Lois limites fonctionnelles pour les incréments d’un processus de Lévy." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS572.
Full textIn the first part of this work, we develop conditional limit theorems for independent not necessarily identically distributed random vectors. We extend thus classical theorems, as the Gibbs conditioning principle, obtained in the i.i.d. case. We use, among other tools, some saddlepoint approximations. In the second part, we obtain a functional form of Erdös-Renyi theorems for the increments of Lévy processes. The main tools are here functional large deviations principles
Bräutigam, Marcel. "Pro-cyclicality of risk measurements. Empirical quantification and theoretical confirmation." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS100.
Full textThis thesis examines, empirically and theoretically, the pro-cyclicality of risk measurements made on historical data. Namely, the effect that risk measurements overestimate the future risk in times of crisis, while underestimating it in quiet times. As starting point, we lay down a methodology to empirically evaluate the amount of pro-cyclicality when using a sample quantile (Value-at-Risk) process to measure risk. Applying this procedure to 11 stock indices, we identify two factors explaining the pro-cyclical behavior: The clustering and return-to-the-mean of volatility (as modeled by a GARCH(1,1)) and the very way of estimating risk on historical data (even when no volatility dynamics are present). To confirm these claims theoretically, we proceed in two steps. First, we derive bivariate (functional) central limit theorems for quantile estimators with different measure of dispersion estimators. We establish them for sequences of iid random variables as well as for the class of augmented GARCH(p,q) processes. Then, we use these asymptotics to theoretically prove the pro-cyclicality observed empirically. Extending the setting of the empirical study, we show that no matter the choice of risk measure (estimator), measure of dispersion estimator or underlying model considered, pro-cyclicality will always exist
Di, Bernardino Éléna. "Modélisation de la dépendance et mesures de risque multidimensionnelles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838598.
Full textLouisnard, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude de la propagation des ultrasons en milieu cavitant." ENSMP, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENMP0817.
Full textReinhold, Küstner. "Asymptotic zero distribution of orthogonal polynomials with respect to complex measures having argument of bounded variation." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4054.
Full textWe determine the asymptotic pole distribution for three types of best approximants (Padé at infinity, rational in L2 on the unit circle, meromorphic in the unit disk in Lp on the unit circle, p>2) of the Cauchy transform of a complex measure under the hypothesis that the support S of the measure is of positive capacity and included in (-1 1), that the measure satisfies a density condition and that the argument of the measure is the restriction of a function of bounded variation ? The denominator polynomials of the approximants satisfay orthogonality relations ? By means of a theorem of Kestelman we obtain geometric constraints for the zeros which imply that every weak limit measure of the associated counting measures has support included in S. Then, with the help of results from potential theory in the plane, we show that the counting measures converge weakly to the logarithmic respectively hyperbolic equilibrium distribution of S
Lathuille, Arnaud. "Sur l'intégrabilité des distributions en dimension infinie." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS027.
Full textThe European Organization for Nuclear Research or CERN, Geneva, is about to operate the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This accelerator ring and its particles detectors have been built to try to answer to the actual questions given by the particle physics theories. One of these detectors, ATLAS, has been designed, for instance, to validate, or invalidate, the theories on the existence of the Higgs Boson. The operation of the detector and the quality of ifs data depend on the quality of the detection elements but it depends also strongly on the good monitoring of its environment. In this respect, the developments presented in this docu- ment are focused on the control of the infrastructure of the ATLAS detector and on the ALFA detector (Absolute Luminosity For ATLAS) which is designed to provide an absolute measurement of the luminosity of the LHC beam at the ATLAS interaction point. Two projects which are integrated in the Detector Control System (DCS are presented in the first part of the document: FPIAA (Finding Persons Inside ATLAS Areas) has been developed as a tool for people safety in the experimental cavern during the maintenance periods of ATLAS. It consists in an application for people localization and an active tracking of people in the cavern. A second application has been developed to measure the level of ionizing radiations and the particles fluency in the detector during its operation. These data will be used to evaluate the aging of the elements of the detector in respect with the level of integrated radiations. The work done on the ALFA detector is focused on particle detection technologies and control applications. The photo detection devices which will be used have been evaluated, the hardware of the trigger counter have been studied and optimized. Finally, preliminary developments on the DCS of the ALFA detector will be presented. Software components have been implemented to configure remotely the front-end electronics of the detector and to perform automated calibrations. A high level communication scheme has also been implemented for data exchange between the ALFA DCS and the system which controls the movements of the detector on the LHC beam
Bousfiha, Amina. "Approximation des systèmes semi-markoviens via les distributions de type phase et application en fiabilité." Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1092.
Full textMarzouki, Abdelwaheb. "Segmentation statistique d'images radar." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-304.pdf.
Full textPaolantoni, Victoria. "Propriétés d'extension et estimations de sous-moyenne pour des fonctions de Cauchy-Riemann définies sur une hypersurface de Cn." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11026.
Full textSahnoun, Réda. "Composition asymptotique de processus d'urne de Pólya et applications à l'algorithmique." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0051.
Full textPolya processes are discrete-time random walks in R^d, natural generalizations of Pólya-Eggenberger urns. In this latter model, a urn may contain balls of different colors and a matrix (deterministic) with integer coefficients describes the rules for replacement after each draw. Many situations from the computer sciences (tree structures) or theoretical physics (percolation fragmentation) are modeled by these objects. The asymptotic behavior of these processes reveals a new family of probability laws, some of them are determined by their moments, while for the other, the exponential generating function of moments diverges. This attests to the richness of this model, however, the cases reviewed permit to identify the complex combinatorics of the general case
Dalhoumi, Mohamed Néjib. "Sur l'estimation de probabilités de queues multivariées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS061/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents contributions to the modelling of multivariate extremevalues. We introduce a new tail model for multivariate distribution with Pareto margins. This model is inspired from the Wadsworth and Tawn (2013) one. A new non-standard multivariate regular variation with index equals to a function of two variables is thus introduced to generalize both modeling approaches proposedby Ramos and Ledford (2009) and Wadsworth and Tawn (2013), respectively. Building on this new approach we propose a new class of non-parametric models allowing multivariate extrapolation along trajectories covering the entire first positive quadrant. Similarly we consider parametric models built with a non-negative measure satisfying a constraint that generalizes the Ramos and Ledford (2009) one. These new models are flexible and valid in both situations of dependence or asymptotic independence
Saad, Fatma-Zohra. "Etude comparée de plusieurs algorithmes pour le problème du plus court chemin dans un réseau dont les arcs ont une longueur aléatoire." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066519.
Full textLanciani, Albino Attilio. "Analyse phénoménologique du concept de probabilité." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0087.
Full textThe current study is based upon the notion of probability as it was formulated in Mathematics after A. N. Kolmogorov’s axiomatisation as well as in thermodynamics as part of the kinetic theory of gases put forward by L. Boltzmann. The philosophical analysis borrows its instruments from phenomenology as it was expounded by its founder, E. Husserl, though taking into account all the subsequent contributions by J. -T. Desanti and G. -C. Rota. Probability is the point of convergence of different scientific questionings. That is a multilayered notion where the fundamental elements are interlaced in view of a rigorous and relevant epistemology of the so called ‘hard sciences’. The task of this study is more precisely that of paving the way to a phenomenological understanding of this problematic horizon. However the aforementioned understanding does not try to force this horizon into a predetermined phenomenological doctrine. On the contrary it avails itself of certain phenomenological concepts, like that of Fundierung or formal ontology, that are extremely operative in the analysis of the meaning of the notion of probability. Viewed from a different angle we can thus get to an interpretation, which could be qualified as ‘harmonic’, of the way the bodies of knowledge are intertwined
Flachaire, Emmanuel. "Les méthodes du bootstrap et l'inférence robuste à l'hétéroscédasticité." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24010.
Full textSeri, Raffaello. "Contributions à l'étude des liens entre statistique et méthodes numériques : discrépances et programmation stochastique." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090071.
Full textIn the first part of the Thesis, we derive the statistical properties of some discrepancies introduced in Numerical Analysis to test uniformity in the unit hypercube, namely Hickernell's generalized discrepancies (a generalization of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the Cramér-vonMises statistics), and quadratic discrepancies, containing the diaphony, the weighted spectral test, the Fourier discrepancy and chi-square tests. Then, we provide a new computational approximation of the asymptotic distribution of these discrepancies. Then, we deal with a linked problem arising in Stochastic Programming, namely the approximation of an integral functional that cannot be computed explicitly. We provide several convergence results, in particular a functional version of the Birkhoff Ergodic Theorem, and a general result on the epigraphical approximation of an integral functional through an approximate one. At last we discuss the behavior of an approximation method for Integer Stochastic Programming
Carraro, Laurent. "Questions de prédiction pour le mouvement brownien et le processus de Wiener à plusieurs paramètres." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11660.
Full textHernandez, Freddy. "Fluctuations à l'équilibre d'un modèle stochastique non gradient qui conserve l'énergie." Paris 9, 2010. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090029.
Full textIn this thesis we study the equilibrium energy fluctuation field of a one-dimensional reversible non gradient model. We prove that the limit fluctuation process is governed by a generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. By adapting the non gradient method introduced by S. R. S Varadhan, we identify the correct diffusion term, which allows us to derive the Boltzmann-Gibbs principle. This is the key point to show that the energy fluctuation field converges in the sense of finite dimensional distributions to a generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Moreover, using again the Boltzmann-Gibbs principle we also prove tightness for the energy fluctuation field in a specified Sobolev space, which together with the finite dimensional convergence implies the convergence in distribution to the generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process mentioned above. The fact that the conserved quantity is not a linear functional of the coordinates of the system, introduces new difficulties of geometric nature in applying Varadhan's non gradient method
Lescot, Paul. "Analyse sur l'espace de Wiener : un théorème de désintégration en analyse quasi-sûre, un critère de régularité des lois pour certaines fonctionnelles de Wiener, a singular integral formula on the Wiener space, Sard's theorem for hypersmooth functionals on the Wiener space." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066408.
Full textZohoorianazad, Elahe. "Comportement asymptotique des mots aléatoires et des arbres aléatoires, et applications." Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10034.
Full textThis thesis is divided in two parts. The first part is interested in the probabilistic analysis on words, especially in what concerns Lyndon words. We find in this part the limit law of the length of the standard right factor of random Lyndon words, first in the simple case of the alphabet of two equiprobable letters, then in the case of the finite random words with independent letters pulled of a totally ordered finite or infinite alphabet, according to a general probability distribution. Moreover in this general case, we shall find the asymptotic joint law of the normalized lengths of the Lyndon factors of a finite word. We finally give in this part, a look on the structure of Lyndon trees. The second part studies first the limit distribution of an additive functional on Cayley trees, then a new type of a one dimensional percolation model that can be seen as the study of cars parking after a random walk
Fougères, Anne-Laure. "Estimation non paramétrique de densités unimodales et de fonctions de dépendance." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30038.
Full textProvillard, Julien. "Automates cellulaires non-uniformes." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4082.
Full textCellular automata (CA) are discrete dynamical systems widely used in many scientific domains. Their main characteristic is to act locally, synchronously and uniformly on a regular set of elementary components called cells. These systems have a huge variety of dynamical behaviours and have been extensively studied in literature. Several variants have been proposed. In this work we are interested in non-uniform cellular automata (nu-CA). They are, essentially, CA in which the uniformity constraint has been relaxed. In the first part, we study a family of nu6CZA which allows to easily representing perturbations of the structure of a CA. The idea is to study the impact of the dynamics of failure or of an error in the physical implementation of a CA by electronic components. Indeed, we will prove that several dynamical properties are not structurally stable (except for the equicontinuity property). However, we will show how to link properties of a CA and its “perturbed” versions. In the second part, we try to infer the global properties of a nu-CA from the local behaviours we can observe. Given a set of local rules which can appear in a given nu-CA, we study the way of mowing them to obtain given global behaviours. Moreover, we associate global properties with peculiar formal languages and we completely characterize these formal languages. In this way we obtain a natural notion of complexity for properties on nu-CA. A property is a complex as the class of languages from which it is characterizes
Peng, Shen. "Optimisation stochastique avec contraintes en probabilités et applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS153/document.
Full textChance constrained optimization is a natural and widely used approaches to provide profitable and reliable decisions under uncertainty. And the topics around the theory and applications of chance constrained problems are interesting and attractive. However, there are still some important issues requiring non-trivial efforts to solve. In view of this, we will systematically investigate chance constrained problems from the following perspectives. As the basis for chance constrained problems, we first review some main research results about chance constraints in three perspectives: convexity of chance constraints, reformulations and approximations for chance constraints and distributionally robust chance constraints. For stochastic geometric programs, we formulate consider a joint rectangular geometric chance constrained program. With elliptically distributed and pairwise independent assumptions for stochastic parameters, we derive a reformulation of the joint rectangular geometric chance constrained programs. As the reformulation is not convex, we propose new convex approximations based on the variable transformation together with piecewise linear approximation methods. Our numerical results show that our approximations are asymptotically tight. When the probability distributions are not known in advance or the reformulation for chance constraints is hard to obtain, bounds on chance constraints can be very useful. Therefore, we develop four upper bounds for individual and joint chance constraints with independent matrix vector rows. Based on the one-side Chebyshev inequality, Chernoff inequality, Bernstein inequality and Hoeffding inequality, we propose deterministic approximations for chance constraints. In addition, various sufficient conditions under which the aforementioned approximations are convex and tractable are derived. To reduce further computational complexity, we reformulate the approximations as tractable convex optimization problems based on piecewise linear and tangent approximations. Finally, based on randomly generated data, numerical experiments are discussed in order to identify the tight deterministic approximations. In some complex systems, the distribution of the random parameters is only known partially. To deal with the complex uncertainties in terms of the distribution and sample data, we propose a data-driven mixture distribution based uncertainty set. The data-driven mixture distribution based uncertainty set is constructed from the perspective of simultaneously estimating higher order moments. Then, with the mixture distribution based uncertainty set, we derive a reformulation of the data-driven robust chance constrained problem. As the reformulation is not a convex program, we propose new and tight convex approximations based on the piecewise linear approximation method under certain conditions. For the general case, we propose a DC approximation to derive an upper bound and a relaxed convex approximation to derive a lower bound for the optimal value of the original problem, respectively. We also establish the theoretical foundation for these approximations. Finally, simulation experiments are carried out to show that the proposed approximations are practical and efficient. We consider a stochastic n-player non-cooperative game. When the strategy set of each player contains a set of stochastic linear constraints, we model the stochastic linear constraints of each player as a joint chance constraint. For each player, we assume that the row vectors of the matrix defining the stochastic constraints are pairwise independent. Then, we formulate the chance constraints with the viewpoints of normal distribution, elliptical distribution and distributionally robustness, respectively. Under certain conditions, we show the existence of a Nash equilibrium for the stochastic game
Mathéus, Frédéric. "Probabilités et géométrie dans certains groupes de type fini." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919399.
Full textCannone, Marco. "Ondelettes, paraproduits et Navier-Stokes." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090016.
Full textPhilippe, Anne. "Contribution à la théorie des lois de référence et aux méthodes de Monte Carlo." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES005.
Full textLhote, Loïck. "Algorithmes du PGCD et Fouille de Données : le point de vue de l’analyse dynamique." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN2021.
Full textThis thesis deals with two main algorithmical domains : Data Mining and Arithmetical computations. In both, we are interested in the average-case analysis of algorithms, and, we adopt more precisely the dynamical analysis point of vue which is a mixed method between Analysis of Algorithms and Dynamical Systems. The Euclid algorithms compute the gcd of two numbers ; these are fundamental blocks in computer algebra, but their fine probabilistic behavior is always unknown. Thanks to Dynamical Analysis methods, recent important results have been obtained. In this thesis, we extend this approach to a precise analysis of parameters, as the binary complexity or the size of remainders. These parameters are essential for the Divide and Conquer gcd algorithm due to Knuth-Schönhage. Dynamical Analysis is also used for proven computations of spectral constants. The dynamical approach is then adapted to on polynomial Euclid algorithms even if, in this case, classical Analytic Combinatorics already applies. We also deal with Data Mining. We restrict ourselves to binary databases where the knowledge is represented by 'frequent patterns'. The number of frequent patterns is essential for analysing algorithms but experiments show that it significantly changes with the parameters of the database. Then, the worst case analysis is not meaningful in practice. In this thesis, we elucidate the average beahvior of the number of frequent patterns under a large model of databases built with eventually correlated sources
Nasserdine, Mohamed M'Madi. "Mesure de la distribution du champ en chambre réverbérante par la théorie des perturbations : application à l'étude des directions d'arrivée." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1026/document.
Full textThis work deals with field measurement techniques in large electromagnetic enclosures namely reverberation chambers. Due to the perturbation of the field distribution within a resonant cavity due to the presence of an introduced object, conventional field measurement techniques employing an antenna suffer from a limited accuracy. Therefore we propose a new measurement technique of the electric field distribution based on the perturbation theory; it consists of a measure of the cavity resonant frequency variation when displacing a small perturbing object within the cavity, and leads to the electric field distribution. The choice of the perturbing object shape, dimension and material is discussed with the help of simulation and measurement results in a canonical case in order to adapt the measurement setup to the studied case. This technique is then successfully employed in a reverberation chamber equipped with a mode stirrer, as well as to measure the field within a metallic box placed in the cavity. Using a post-processing based on MUSIC algorithm, this approach has permitted to determine accurately the field directions-of-arrival in the reverberation chamber
Hoyrup, Mathieu. "Calculabilité, aléatoire et théorie ergodique sur les espaces métriques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00322776.
Full textMeftah, Ali. "Mesure et interprétation de spectres de lanthanides faiblement ionisés dans l'ultraviolet : cas du néodyme et du thulium." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112296.
Full textThe emission spectrum of lanthanide elements is observed an measured on normal incidence spectrographs (70-275nm). Argentic plates or phosphor image plates are used as receptors. In the case of neodymium, spark excitation conditions are varied to discriminate Nd III, IV and V spectral lines. The electronic configurations of the Cowan codes. The 41 levels of 4f3 (Nd IV) and 12 levels of 4f2(Nd V) are interpreted parametrically by taking into account the configuration interaction effects at the 3rd order of perturbation and all spin dependent effects at the 2nd order , with a root mean square deviation of 1/13000 of the interpreted energy range. In Nd IV, 1426 lines are reported with the combining levels, the calculated transition probabilities gA. For the first time the importance of the interaction 5p64f N-15d-5p54fN5d on the resonance transitions 4f N+1-4fN5d is evidenced. The same methods are applied to the formely unknown spectrum of Tm IV, that comprises now 760 classified lines (with calculated transition probabilities), involving 209 energy levels. In the case of Nd V, the comparison of ETL computed versus measured intensities leads to Teff=3,6(3)eV in the spark
Cassard, Philippe. "Verrouillage par injection des lasers impulsionnels de grande puissance : le laser TEA CO₂." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112338.
Full textThis thesis is directed at the study of injection-locking of high power pulsed lasers. Chapter I give a theoretical analysis of injection mode-locking in such lasers. A multimode theory is developed on the basis of the semi-classical treatment in the weak field regime. A detailed investigation of CW injection-locking is reported. It is clearly demonstrated that locking by injection of a weak field in a pulsed multimode laser stems from injection mode-locking whatever is the injection field time history. Thus the generation of short pulses by injection is described as well. Chapter II theoretically overviews the energetic features of the TEA CO₂ laser, with or without injection. Chapter III presents an experimental investigation of CW injection-locking in stable resonator TEA CO₂ lasers. Frequency measurements are performed with a new high frequency heterodyning scheme. The limits of CW injection locking are studied. Moreover, the influence of the transient discharge electron density on injection-locking is demonstrated. Chapter IV gives an experimental evidence of high order transverse mode injection-locking in unstable resonator TEA CO₂ lasers
Walter, Christian. "Les structures du hasard en économie : efficience des marchés, lois stables et processus fractals." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0043.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show that the so-called anomalies observed in the measurement of efficiency, are not implying that there is a violation of the efficient market hypothesis. There are only implying that it is necessary to abandon the restriction of the efficiency concept, which is the mean-variance form (mv-efficiency). If the probabilist framework is modified, by outpassing the gaussian limitation, these anomalies are disappearing. Hence, it is possible to exhibit, for the financial theory and its applications, the advantage of using a large class of very general stochastic processes : the self-similar-stationnary increments-stable-fractals processes (h-sssi processes). The use of these processes allows to make the anomalies irrelevant regarding the new framework : the mv-efficiency anomalies are no more anomalies in a context of non gaussian efficiency. Hence, the efficient market hypothesis (actually the mv-efficiency) is generalized to all non gaussian cases. This generalization gives a new approach, and therefore a new understanding, of the nature of the risk of assets. The behavior of stock market prices is better explained. Hence, new possibilities of applications are emerging
Dalmau, Joseba. "La distribution de la quasi-espèce pour une population finie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS452/document.
Full textManfred Eigen introduced the concept of quasispecies in the early 70s, in order to describe the steady--state distribution of a population subject to mutation and selection forces. Most classical models showing a quasispecies phenomenon are deterministic and deal with a population of an infinite size. The aim of this thesis is to study several stochastic and finite--population models, and to show that a quasispecies phenomenon arises in these models too. We study in detail the Galton--Watson, Wright--Fisher and Moran models. We confirm that a quasispecies phenomenon is present in the three models, and that the distribution of this quasispecies is common to all three models as well as to Eigen's original model. Moreover, we describe explicitly the distributionof the quasispecies for the sharp peak landscape, as well as for fitness functions which depend only on the Hamming distance to the master sequence
Ducasse, Quentin. "Etude de la méthode de substitution à partir de la mesure simultanée des probabilités de fission et d'émission gamma des actinides 236U, 238U, 237Np et 238Np." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0109/document.
Full textNeutron-induced cross sections of short-lived nuclei are important in various fields such as fundamental physics, astrophysics or nuclear energy. However, these cross sections are often extremely difficult to measure due to high radioactivity of the targets involved. The surrogate-reaction method is an indirect way to determine neutron-induced cross sections of short-lived nuclei. In order to study the validity of the method, we have measured for the very first time in a surrogate-reaction experiment simultaneously fission and gamma-decay probabilities for the actinides 236U, 238U, 237Np and 238Np. This is challenging because one has to remove the gamma rays emitted by the fission fragments. The measurement was performed at the Oslocyclotron.Our results show that for a given excitation energy, our gamma-decay probabilities are several times higher than neutron-induced probabilities, which can be attributed to differences in spin distribution between the two types of reactions. On the other hand, our fission probabilities are in good agreement with neutron-induced data. Statistical-model calculations applied with standardparameters cannot reproduce the weak spin sensibility to variations of the angular momentum observed for the fission probabilities. However, it is possible to reproduce the experimental observations by considering a stronger increase of the moment of inertia of the fissionning nucleus with deformation. Further theoretical efforts are needed to improve the understanding of our results
Sally, Mass Hilmy. "Contribution à l'étude du problème de la gestion optimale des ressources en eau d'un bassin versant." Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT037H.
Full textFarrenqt, Robert. "Probabilités de transition radiative et distributions vibrationnelles de l'oxyde de carbone hors équilibre : étude expérimentale par spectroscopie infrarouge : contribution à la théorie analytique des distributions vibrationnelles." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112057.
Full textThis dissertation presents an analysis of carbon monoxide emission recorded in the infrared by Fourier transform spectrometry. From the observation of the Δv = 1, 2 and 3 transitions, up to v = 40, for the two isotopic species 12C 16O and 13C 160, and of the Δv= 1 transitions , up to v= 26 for 12C 18 0, we obtain : - the ratios between the one, two and three quanta transition moments (this set of new experimental information has been used for the determination of electric dipole moment function of CO, up to a large internuclear separation); -the vibrational distribution functions for the three isotopic species. The existing analytical theories (Gordiets and Mamedov, Lam) applied to our results are found inadequate. We therefore propose a new model for vibration-vibration energy transfers, taking into account the multi-quantum transfers. In order to obtain separately distribution functions and transition moments for molecules out of thermodynamical equilibrium, an experimental method has been conceived and tested successfully on CO excited by an electrical discharge
Franceschi, Sandro. "Approche analytique pour le mouvement brownien réfléchi dans des cônes." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4046/document.
Full textObliquely reflected Brownian motion in the quadrant, introduced by Harrison, Reiman, Varadhan and Williams in the eighties, has been studied a lot in the probabilistic literature. This thesis, which presents the complete study of the invariant measure of this process in all the cones of the plan, has for overall aim to extend to the continuous framework an analytic method initially developped for random walks in the quarter plane by Fayolle, Iasnogorodski and Malyshev in the seventies. This approach is based on functional equations which link generating functions in the discrete case and Laplace transform in the continuous case. These equations allow to determine and to solve boundary value problems satisfied by these generating functions. In the recurrent case, it permits to compute explicitly the invariant measure of the process with orthogonal reflexions, in the chapter 2, and with any reflexions, in the chapter 3. The Laplace transform of the invariant measure is analytically extended to a Riemann surface induced by the kernel of the functional equation. The study of singularities and the use of saddle point methods on this surface allows to determine the full asymptotics of the invariant measure along every directions in the chapter 4
Van, Bever Germain. "Contributions to nonparametric and semiparametric inference based on statistical depth." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209438.
Full textCelle-ci, originellement introduite afin de généraliser la notion de médiane et de fournir naturellement un ordre (depuis un centre, vers l'extérieur) dans un contexte multivarié, a, depuis son développement, démontré ses nombreuses qualités, tant en termes de robustesse, que d'utilité dans de nombreuses procédures inférentielles.
Les résultats proposés dans ce travail se développent le long de trois axes.
Pour commencer, la thèse s'intéresse à la classification supervisée. La profondeur a, en effet, déjà été utilisée avec succès dans ce contexte. Cependant, jusqu'ici, les outils développés restaient limités aux distributions elliptiques, constituant ainsi une sévère restriction des méthodes utilisant les fonctions de profondeur, qui, pour la plupart, sont par essence nonparamétrique. La première partie de cette thèse propose donc une nouvelle méthode de classification, fondée sur la profondeur, dont on montrera qu'elle est essentiellement universellement convergente. En particulier, la règle de discrimination proposée se fonde sur les idées utilisées dans la classification par plus proches voisins, en introduisant cependant des voisinages fondés sur la profondeur, mieux à même de cerner le comportement des populations sous-jacentes.
Ces voisinages d'un point quelconque, et surtout l'information sur le comportement local de la distribution en ce point qu'ils apportent, ont été réutilisés dans la seconde partie de ce travail. Plusieurs auteurs ont en effet reconnu certaines limitations aux fonctions de profondeur, de par leur caractère global et la difficulté d'étudier par leur biais des distributions multimodales ou à support convexe. Une nouvelle définition de profondeur locale est donc développée et étudiée. Son utilité dans différents problèmes d'inférence est également explorée.
Enfin, la thèse s'intéresse au paramètre de forme pour les distributions elliptiques. Ce paramètre d'importance est utilisé dans de nombreuses procédures statistiques (analyse en composantes principales, analyse en corrélations canoniques, entre autres) et aucune fonction de profondeur pour celui-ci n'existait à ce jour. La profondeur de forme est donc définie et ses propriétés sont étudiées. En particulier, on montrera que le cadre général de la profondeur paramétrique n'est pas suffisant en raison de la présence du paramètre de nuisance (d'influence non nulle) qu'est l'échelle. Une application inférentielle est présentée dans le cadre des tests d'hypothèses.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tourneret, Jean-Yves. "Contribution à l'étude de modèles ARMA non gaussiens." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT091H.
Full textGenitrini, Antoine. "Expressions booléennes aléatoires : probabilité, complexité et comparaison quantitative de logiques propositionnelles." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0010.
Full textIn this thesis, I am interested in propositional systems from a probability/complexity point of view. I begin with two probability distributions on Boolean functions, induced by the Boolean expressions built with the Implication connective. I obtain the structure of most of the expressions representing a given function, when the number of variables tends to infinity. This gives the asymptotic equivalent of the probability of the function, depending on its complexity. Via the function True, we compare quantitatively the intuitionistic and classical logics of implication. This comparison highlights some properties of a class of expressions, that are found also in the full propositional system, and we can compare the two logics in this system. Finally we study balanced expressions in the two systems built on implication, or on the two connectors And and Or. In both cases, we exhibit the probability distribution of the functions
Barthélemy, Marie. "Apport d'une source laser femtoseconde amplifiée pour la mesure de spectre d'extinction d'un milieu optiquement dense." Toulouse, ISAE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESAE0001.
Full textEt, Tabii Mohamed. "Contributions aux descriptions optimales par modèles statistiques exponentiels." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES028.
Full textAttouch, Mohammed Kadi. "Estimation robuste de la fonction de régression pour des variables fonctionnelles." Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0227.
Full textThe robust regression is an analysis of regression with capacity to be relatively insensitive to the large deviations due to some outliers observations. Within this framework, one proposes in this thesis studied the robust estimate of the function of regression, if the observations are at the same time independent, strongly mixing and the covariate is functional. Initially, on considers a succession of identically distributed independent observations. In this context, we establish the asymptotic normality of a robust family of estimators based on the kernel method. With title illustrative, our result is applied to the discrimination of the curves, the forecast time series, and to the construction of a confidence interval. In the second time, we suppose that the observations are strongly mixing, and we establish the rate of specific almost complete convergence and uniform of this family of estimators as well as asymptotic normality. Let us note, that the axes structural of the subject, namely “dimensionality” and the correlation of the observations, “dimensionality” and the robustness of the model, are well exploited in this study. Moreover, the property of the concentration of the measure of probability of the functional variable in small balls is used, this measure of concentration allows under some assumptions to propose an original solution to the problem of the curse of dimensionality and thus to generalize the results already obtaines in the multivariate framework. To illustrate the extension and the contribution of our work, we show in some examples how our results can be applied to the nonstandard problems of the non-parametric statistics such as the forecast of functional time series. Our methods are applied to real data such as the economy and astronomy
Sadek, Amr Fouad. "Estimation des processus markoviens avec application en fiabilité." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1466.
Full textMarkov processes are very relevant to study the reliability as an application to real world problems. Ln this thesis, two types of processes, Markov chains and Markov pro cesses are considered. We concern with the non-parametric estimation ofthe reliability and its measurements. We define estimators of reliability, availability, etc. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are studied: strong uniform consistent and normality. Using the asymptotic properties results we construct the confidence intervals for reliability and its measurements. Illustrative examples are presented to explain the obtained results and to compare with the standard empirical estimators. The extension to the semi-Markovian processes relates to a point not Jet specifically discussed in the literature, the estimation of the stationary distribution of semi- Mar kovian processes. We propose a new index for quality of life and discuss it through discrete and continuous time Markov process mode
Cornea, Adriana. "Bootstrap raffiné pour les lois stables parétiennes avec applications aux rendements des actifs financiers." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24023.
Full textThe supremacy of the stable Paretian distributions over the Gaussian distributions is by now a stylized fact in the financial theory and pratice. It is well known that the asymptotic inference about the expected returns is not always reliable and the nonparametric bootstrap can be used as an alternative. However, several studies have emphazide the fact that the nonparametric bootstrap is invalid foe the stable Paretian distributions. The reason is that the expected returns are highly influenced by the risk of the investement opportunities, risk which is always greater in stable Paretian financial market than in a Gaussian market. The widely accepted solution to the nonparametric bootstrap failure is the m out of n bootstrap. But, in this thesis it is shown that the m out of n bootstrap can also fail to provide valid inference results in small sample and can perform worse. Than the nonparametric bootstrap. In addition, in this dissertation a refined bootstrap method that overcomes the drawbacks of both of the nonparametric bootstrap and the m out of m bootstrap, is introduced. Then, the behavior of the refined boostrap is investigated through a simulation study. Finally, its performance is illustrated using returns of hedge funds and jumps of the futures S&P500 index
Maynadier, Jérôme. "Approches statistiques et fiabilités en dynamique des structures." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0017.
Full textThe improvement of the cyclic symmetry structures in turboshaft engines requires an accurate valuation of extreme vibrations which are reaching by these components. The amplitudes of the response of cyclic symmetry structures vary significantly in function of small perturbations named "mistuning". In general, mistunings are random parameters. Usually their effects on the vibration amplitudes are estimated from the experience of each motorist. Hence, at the present time, they are verified with the help of experiences by installation of strain gauges on pieces. To anticipate the evolutions of technologies the numerical approaches are necessary. In structure dynamics, the classical approach used to estimate the probability to reach a vibratory amplitude is the Monte Carlo method, efficient to the biggest probabilities, but extremely expensive when probabilities decrease. The most critical vibration amplitudes corresponding to the lowest probabilities, the probabilistic methods FORM and SORM are first considered. We develop then an original method named "separated variables method". Finally, a statistical approach by extreme values distribution on threshold overstepping with a Pareto law is kept to predict the queue of the distribution of the maximal amplitude of the forced responses. This law bases on a minimum quantities of simulations. After the validation of these different approaches on academic examples, the most efficient one are applied on industrial cases. We consider a cyclic symmetric structure modelled by a reduced model. This type of simplified modelization is able to represent the greatest part of configurations met when running
Le, Bas Pierre-Yves. "Diffusion multiple par des cibles élastiques immergées : propagation d'ondes cohérentes et interactions résonantes." Le Havre, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LEHA0007.
Full textThis work deals with the multiple scattering by cylindrical shells randomly placed in a liquid. A first part presents the resonant coupling between close shells a few shells. An experimental validation is made. The second part presents two effective media theories: Waterman and Truell's and the Fikioris and Waterman's one. The reflection and transmission coefficients by a slab like region of the multiple scattering medium are similar to the ones obtained by considering a fluid slab alloying an analogy with a fluid medium. The shells are, then, replaced by a set of close shells in order to study an anisotropic medium. The parameters of the effective medium and the reflection and transmission coefficient are calculated. The reflection and transmission coefficients can be expressed as the ones of a fictitious fluid-like slab for which the phase velocity and the attenuation would be dependent of the direction of propagation
Pham, Quang Khoai. "Estimation non paramétrique adaptative dans la théorie des valeurs extrêmes : application en environnement." Thesis, Lorient, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORIS361/document.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis is to develop statistical methods based on the theory of extreme values to estimate the probabilities of rare events and conditional extreme quantiles. We consider independent random variables $X_{t_1},…,X_{t_n}$ associated to a sequence of times $0 ≤t_1 <… < t_n ≤ T_{\max}$ where $X_{t_i}$ has distribution function $F_{t_i}$ and $F_t$ is the conditional distribution of $X$ given $T = t \in [0,T_{\max}]$. For each $ t \in [0, T {\max}]$, we propose a nonparametric adaptive estimator for extreme quantiles of $F_t$. The idea of our approach is to adjust the tail of the distribution function $F_t$ with a Pareto distribution of parameter $\theta {t,\tau}$ starting from a threshold $\tau$. The parameter $\theta {t,\tau}$ is estimated using a nonparametric kernel estimator of bandwidth $h$ based on the observations larger than $\tau$. We propose a sequence testing based procedure for the choice of the threshold $\tau$ and we determine the bandwidth $h$ by two methods: cross validation and an adaptive procedure. Under some regularity assumptions, we prove that the adaptive estimator of $\theta {t, \tau}$ is consistent and we determine its rate of convergence. We also propose a method to choose simultaneously the threshold $\tau$ and the bandwidth $h$. Finally, we study the proposed procedures by simulation and on real data set to contribute to the survey of aquatic systems