Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distribution vitese'
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Gradeck, Michel. "Structure de l'écoulement diphasique gaz-liquide dans les échangeurs à plaques corruguées." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10302.
Full textThis study has been supported by the LEMTA and the associate lahoratories CEA-CENG GRETh in a national rescarch program on plate beat exchangers. Both the thermohydraulic and the hydrodynamic proper to the flow of newtonian or complex fluids arc now well known and the design of such exchangcrs does not set any difficult problem anymore. Although this kind of ex changer is widely used in two-phase systems, all the published works on this topic only involves plate fin exchangers. The main objectives or this work are firstly to establish a flow pattern map, secondly lo explain the friction mechanism (transfer mechanism) when the gas flux increases and when transition between two patterns occurs. The measurement of the local wall shear stress is made by electrochemical method call polarography and those of the local void fraction by an optical probe. The horizontal co-current gas-liquid flow has been first investigated using two kind of geometry (a bidimensionnal and a tridimensionnal) then the vertical upward one
Bernard-Michel, Gilles. "Etude experimentale de la distribution spatiale du champ de vitesse de particules en sedimentation : vitesses moyennes, fluctuations pseudo-turbulentes, convection intrinseque." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066043.
Full textMohamed, Aly Ould Sidi Mohamed. "Etude d'un jet d'air plan mince à grande vitesse : action sur une plaque plane." Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4b2832a5-70ea-4fb4-9ac0-ad724a113a85.
Full textBellahcen, Salma. "Etude numérique et expérimentale du champ de vitesse en canaux composés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD043/document.
Full textCompound channels are characterized by a main channel and a floodplain. Their hydraulic behavior has important applications in rivers and flood control but also in sewer system management. Two approaches are followed in this study. The first one is an experimental study that aims to fulfill the lack of data concerning velocity distribution in narrow and deep compound channels. The experiments were carried out in a 16m long and 0.6m wide compound channel located in the experimental hall of ICube laboratory. The second approach is a numerical one. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for numerical modelling of velocity distribution in compound channels. To do the experimental data of (Proust et al., 2013) were modelled compared to the experimental data in order to determine the most suitable model to reproduce velocity distribution. In addition to this comparison, the large eddy simulation method were also utilized for two experiments of (Proust et al., 2013) and (Nezu et al., 1990). Two specific boundary conditions were implemented in order to compare the efficiency of each method
Bouainouche, Mokrane. "Etude de l'interaction entre un jet plan à grande vitesse et un film liquide." valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/2f38b9a7-3e25-4c6f-968e-e4d2d3c14d4a.
Full textThe first part of this study deals with the modelling of the impact of a thin plane gas jet a flat plate in order to define the pressure and shear stress distributions on the wall. In the second part, these results are used to study the behavior of viscous film liquid on the strip moving upward and submitted to the jet action. The jet actions are determined by a numerical computation based on finite volume scheme. The impingement of a plane two dimensional turbulent and compressible jet is modelised using the k-ɛ model combined to the wall functions. In order to reduce the near wall gnd influence on the shear stress calculation, a hybrid wall law is proposed resulting from simultaneous use of the logarithmic law and generalized one. Pressure and shear stress distributions on the flat plane are calculated and validated by experimental data. The motion of liquid coating is modelised by taking into account the inertia terms, neglected in the previous studies. This model is applied to the galvanization process and compared with measurements obtained in various conditions
Charbonnier, Marc-André. "Diagnostic des dysfonctionnements du moteur Diesel par analyse de la vitesse de rotation du vilebrequin." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0059.
Full text[The author analyses the effect of faults linked to the injection system and rocker arms on the instantaneous crankshaft rotational speed. Of all the different published methods on the subject, two basic groups appears: one using direct electric :measurement, the other using treatment of the signal. Time frequency analyses are used in bath cases. In the proposed method, the time between successive starting gear teeth is determined by an inductive proximity sensor. A study of the speed signal shows that there are potentially 474 components to describe it. Some physical considerations, based on direct analysis of experimental data has allowed the elimination of the components linked to the target' s dynamics and measurement' s noise, which amounts to 241 components. The data analyses techniques (principal components analyses and hierarchical ascendency classification) allowed the selection G)f the 47 components which are adapted to the diagnostic of tested faults. For each of these components, two average values are calculated : the first is relative to the engine with a fault, the second to the engine without a fault. Each fault is characterised a criterion whose definition is based on the difference between the two average values. This allowes a criterion/default matrix to be established
Worms, Rym. "Vitesses de convergence pour l'approximation des queues de distributions." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MARN0091.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to provide some rates of convergence for the Generalized Pareto approximation of the excesses. In the first chapter, we determine the rate of uniform convergence of the distribution of the excesses, suitably normalized, towards its Generalized Pareto limit, using first and second order conditions that ensure that the distribution we consider lies in one of the three maximum domains of attraction. The second chapter is devoted to the study of the relative approximation error of a high quatile by the quantile of the Generalized Pareto limit, for distributions in the Fréchet or the Gumbel maximum domain of attraction, with infinite end-point. We provide sufficient conditions on the order of the considered quantile and the threshold that we use to define the excesses, in order to ensure that this relative error tends to 0. In the third chapter, we provide conditions for a penultimate approximation of the excesses to exist. In other words, we look for a sequence of Generalised Pareto Distributions that approximate the excesses better than the ultimate one. We study the uniform rate of convergence of the distribution of the excesses towards its penultimate approximation
Guillon, Valentin. "Dispersion en milieux poreux insaturés : modélisations et mesures RMN de distributions de vitesse." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00853660.
Full textSoumagne, Georg. "Mesure de la fonction de distribution de vitesse du faisceau d'électrons d'un gyrotron quasi-optique /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1390.
Full textKaroji, Hiroshi. "Contribution a l'etude des champs de vitesse dans les superamas de galaxies." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066655.
Full textAZOUI, HASSAN. "Vitesse de convergence de la distribution des combinaisons lineaires de statistiques d'ordre vers la loi normale." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066766.
Full textVERNHERT, DOMINIQUE. "Distribution et anisotropie de moments cinetiques de capture pour des collisions d'ions multicharges de basse vitesse." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066710.
Full textChen, Yan Pei. "De la dissymétrie des distributions locales des vitesses dans un gaz granulaires stationnaires excités par vibration, et de l'impossibilité de sa description à l'aide de l'hydrodynamique classique." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0016/document.
Full textThe present thesis is dedicated to the experimental and simulation study of vibro-fluidized granular gases dynamics. Granular gases are characterized by dissipation due to inelastic collisions. To keep a steady state, continuous energy is injected to balance dissipation by vibration. This system provides a platform to study the physics of non-linear, non-equilibrium and dissipative systems. This dissertation insisted on the necessity of understanding the local state in the granular gases and building a new model for vibration-fluidized granular gases. Research approach included experiments in micro-gravity, event-driven molecular dynamic simulation and experiments in tilted plane with various gravity. Micro-gravity experiments were performed on Airbus A380 (Parabolic flight) to avoid friction with the bottom and gravity field. A long range boundary effect is found to exist in 2D vibration granular gases. Local distributions of the velocity component in the vibration direction are asymmetric in the whole cell except for the center bin. In the system, energy equi-partition breaks down. ``Granular temperature" is not efficient to describe such a system. We proposed a superposition of two Gaussian model to describe the local asymmetric velocity profiles along the vibration direction. We demonstrated the performance of this model by the Airbus experimental data and others’ simulation works. Event-driven molecular dynamics simulation was utilized. Results showed support for experiment results. Furthermore, we found this long range boundary effect is related to the system dissipation. This effect becomes pronounced if the coefficient of restitution (e<1) decreased or the number of particles increased. For the elastic situation, there is no such effect. This effect cannot be ignored and treated only as a local boundary effect as in hydrodynamics. We studied a 2D vibration fluidized granular system in a tilted plane systematically. The inclined angle is changed from horizontal to vertical, changing the "effective gravity". These results also showed asymmetric local velocity distributions. Other than the number density profiles deviate from an exponential form, the spatial profiles of the number density of particles moving up and down are not equal, and non symetric from cell center
Dolléans, Pascal. "Etude expérimentale d'écoulements de fluides viscoélastiques dans une conduite présentant une distribution périodique de brusques variations de section." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2307.
Full textTremblay, Simon-Pierre. "Développement d’une procédure non intrusive basée sur la propagation des ondes élastiques pour l’évaluation de l’état des structures en béton enfouies du réseau de distribution d’Hydro-Québec." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11861.
Full textOehlmann, Harald. "Analyse temps-fréquence de signaux vibratoires de boites de vitesses." Nancy 1, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1996_0216_OEHLMANN.pdf.
Full textBENAMAR, BOUABDELLAH. "Ecoulement des melanges solides-liquides en conduite horizontale : champ des vitesses et distribution de concentration." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13075.
Full textLismonde, Baudouin. "Champ de vitesse au bord d'attaque et dans le spot laminaire d'un écoulement sur une plaque plane." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10074.
Full textCellard-Verdier, Sylvie. "Expliquer la performance internationale des firmes : âge, vitesse et rythme d'internationalisation, diversité culturelle et ambidextrie dans la grande distribution alimentaire mondiale (1998-2004)." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_cellard-verdier_s.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this dissertation is to provide new theoretical and empirical insights into the relationship between internationalization and performance. We revisit this relationship in light of two theoretical streams: the transaction cost and internalization theories on the one hand and the organizational learning theory on the other. More specifically, we undertake the following research interests: 1. -Studying how time-based variables of the process, such as age, speed, and rhythm of internationalization, influence performance. 2. -Examining the effects of cultural diversity in the portfolio of countries. 3. -Reconsidering the contributions of the more established internationalization theories, namely the Uppsala and New Ventures theories. 4. -Coining the concept of international ambidexterity. Our dissertation integrates the temporal and cultural attributes of internationalization in a unique model and examines the internationalization of firms from a dynamic perspective. Success is based on a moderate internationalization speed, the regularity of the expansion, and a minimization of cultural heterogeneity between countries in the portfolio of firms. Our research also highlights the existence of different and often more efficient internationalization processes than those described by well-established theories in the international literature. This calls for updating our research objectives concerning these processes. In particular, new theoretical developments suggest rethinking the internationalization process as a combination of exploitation and exploration activities calling for a reformulation of the concept of ambidexterity in an international context. This new orientation promises new research prospects on the concept of international ambidexterity as the ultimate source of international competitive advantage. The worldwide mass grocery retailing industry from 1998 to 2004 is the empirical setting of this study. Our database includes information for 386 worldwide retailers and 87 internationalized retailers with more than 420 foreign entities in 128 countries
Bérubé, Simon, and Simon Bérubé. "Étude des lances en béton projeté : effets sur les vitesses et la distribution des particules." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29806.
Full textLes pertes de matériaux par rebond représentent encore à ce jour le problème le plus important qui limite parfois l’utilisation du béton projeté. Bien que la compréhension des techniques de projection utilisées par les lanciers soit en constante progression et que de nombreux nouveaux mélanges soient développés régulièrement, l’état actuel des connaissances concernant les mécanismes de mise en place qui apparaissent au sein du jet de béton projeté est limité. Cette affirmation s’applique particulièrement entre les moments où les matériaux sont expulsés de la lance jusqu’à leur impact sur le substrat de béton frais. À l’heure actuelle, un modèle physique permet de calculer et de prédire le rebond d’une seule particule incidente en fonction de son énergie et de sa profondeur de pénétration à la paroi réceptrice. Par contre, les paramètres nécessaires à une telle prédiction ne sont pas facilement mesurables expérimentalement. De plus, ce modèle n’est évidemment pas représentatif de plusieurs facteurs réels qui agissent à l’échelle d’un jet de béton projeté et qui devraient être considérés, comme l’interaction entre les particules et leur angle d’incidence par rapport à la paroi réceptrice. D’un autre côté, des avancées importantes ont été réalisées récemment à l’échelle du jet complet, notamment au niveau de l’explication des phénomènes qui permettent l’accélération des particules, de la caractérisation des champs de vitesses, de la répartition des masses dans le jet et finalement, au niveau de la composition du matériau en fonction de la position dans le jet. Une meilleure compréhension de l’effet de l’équipement utilisé doit être explorée avec l’étude des facteurs favorisant la mise en place du matériau et la réduction du rebond. Cela pourrait être fait en améliorant les conditions d’impact des particules qui entrent en contact avec le substrat, en sélectionnant le meilleur équipement disponible. Ce projet de recherche aspire à poursuivre l’étude des phénomènes de mise en place du béton projeté en proposant une étude du procédé à l’échelle du jet qui se concentre sur l’effet de l’équipement utilisé lors de la projection. En premier lieu, il s’agit de déterminer les paramètres qui influencent le champ de vitesse produit par une lance en béton projeté par voie humide. La lance représente le dernier obstacle franchi par le matériau avant d’être expulsé vers la paroi réceptrice, donc cette pièce d’équipement joue un rôle important sur les conditions de mise en place. Il sera ensuite question de comparer les deux principaux procédés qui sont utilisés en béton projeté, la voie humide et la voie sèche, en poursuivant l’exploration de la distribution massique des particules dans le jet en voie sèche et en utilisant des données obtenues dans des études récentes pour le procédé par voie humide. Pour atteindre les objectifs du projet, ce sont cinq (5) lances différentes pour le procédé par voie humide et trois (3) lances pour le procédé par voie sèche qui font partie de l’étude. Le programme expérimental consiste à comparer les performances des lances étudiées selon des critères établis, basés sur la forme et l’amplitude du champ de vitesse. Les résultats montrent que plusieurs facteurs influencent la performance d’une lance; ils permettent d’établir un classement jugeant la performance des lances en utilisant des critères physiques comme la vitesse incidente des particules ainsi que leur distribution spatiale. La vitesse des particules incidente joue un rôle primordial sur leur énergie à l’impact sur le substrat de la paroi réceptrice. La distribution massique dans une section du jet produit par une lance contrôle le débit de mise en place du matériau en fonction du rayon perpendiculaire à l’axe de projection et représente une avenue intéressante à explorer pour améliorer ou adapter la technique de projection selon la lance utilisée.
Material losses due to rebound represent the main issue of shotcrete and sometimes limit the process’ use and applicability. Even if the understanding of shooting techniques used in practical applications is being researched and in constant progress, and new shotcrete mixes are being developed regularly, the actual field of knowledge related to material placement mechanisms taking place during the impact of sprayed particles is limited, starting from the moment materials are expelled from the nozzle until particles impact on the fresh shotcrete substrate. For the time being, a physical model allows calculation of rebounding probability for a single incident particle based on its kinetic energy and its depth of penetration onto the receiving surface. However, parameters that are necessary to obtain such a prediction are not easily measured. In addition, this model is obviously not representative of the reality at the scale of a full shotcrete spray and does not take into account the interaction between particles and their angle of incidence with the receiving surface. On the other hand, significant progress was made recently with regards to describing the shotcrete process at the scale of the spray. Analysis methods were developed and explanations of phenomena allowing particles acceleration were refined and include characterization of velocity fields, distribution of material masses among the spray and, at last, material composition according to position in the spray. A better understanding of the equipment used during practical applications is clearly a path to be explored with the study of factors controlling placement of materials and reduction of rebound. This could be achieved by improving particles impact conditions with the substrate, which could be done by optimizing equipment selection and shooting parameters. This research project aims to deepen the study of shotcrete placement phenomena by researching equipment influence at the scale of the spray during a projection. The main objectives of this project are defined as follows. The first objective is to determine parameters influencing axial velocity fields that are obtained with various wet-mix nozzles. This piece of equipment plays an important role on placement conditions of sprayed particles. The next step will be to compare both shotcrete placement processes, wet-mix and dry-mix, by exploring materials mass distribution with three different dry-mix nozzles and comparing with wet-mix data previously obtained. To achieve the above objectives, five (5) different wet-mix nozzles and three (3) dry-mix nozzles are included in the present research project. The experimental program will allow a comparison of nozzle performances based on distribution and amplitude of axial velocity fields, since velocity is the main factor influencing kinetic energy of a single particle. Results show that several factors may influence a nozzle’s performance and justify the selection of particular nozzle parameters over others. The incident mass distribution at any section of the spray produced by a given nozzle controls the materials placement rate in regards to the shooting axis perpendicular distance and represents an interesting path to explore to better adapt shooting technique according to the nozzle that is used.
Material losses due to rebound represent the main issue of shotcrete and sometimes limit the process’ use and applicability. Even if the understanding of shooting techniques used in practical applications is being researched and in constant progress, and new shotcrete mixes are being developed regularly, the actual field of knowledge related to material placement mechanisms taking place during the impact of sprayed particles is limited, starting from the moment materials are expelled from the nozzle until particles impact on the fresh shotcrete substrate. For the time being, a physical model allows calculation of rebounding probability for a single incident particle based on its kinetic energy and its depth of penetration onto the receiving surface. However, parameters that are necessary to obtain such a prediction are not easily measured. In addition, this model is obviously not representative of the reality at the scale of a full shotcrete spray and does not take into account the interaction between particles and their angle of incidence with the receiving surface. On the other hand, significant progress was made recently with regards to describing the shotcrete process at the scale of the spray. Analysis methods were developed and explanations of phenomena allowing particles acceleration were refined and include characterization of velocity fields, distribution of material masses among the spray and, at last, material composition according to position in the spray. A better understanding of the equipment used during practical applications is clearly a path to be explored with the study of factors controlling placement of materials and reduction of rebound. This could be achieved by improving particles impact conditions with the substrate, which could be done by optimizing equipment selection and shooting parameters. This research project aims to deepen the study of shotcrete placement phenomena by researching equipment influence at the scale of the spray during a projection. The main objectives of this project are defined as follows. The first objective is to determine parameters influencing axial velocity fields that are obtained with various wet-mix nozzles. This piece of equipment plays an important role on placement conditions of sprayed particles. The next step will be to compare both shotcrete placement processes, wet-mix and dry-mix, by exploring materials mass distribution with three different dry-mix nozzles and comparing with wet-mix data previously obtained. To achieve the above objectives, five (5) different wet-mix nozzles and three (3) dry-mix nozzles are included in the present research project. The experimental program will allow a comparison of nozzle performances based on distribution and amplitude of axial velocity fields, since velocity is the main factor influencing kinetic energy of a single particle. Results show that several factors may influence a nozzle’s performance and justify the selection of particular nozzle parameters over others. The incident mass distribution at any section of the spray produced by a given nozzle controls the materials placement rate in regards to the shooting axis perpendicular distance and represents an interesting path to explore to better adapt shooting technique according to the nozzle that is used.
Bertier, Paul. "Study of solvated molecular ion stability in the gas-phase : cooling and irradiation." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1207/document.
Full textRadiation can damage our biological environment, but it can also be beneficial under certain controlled conditions. Initial action at microscopic scale consists of electronic excitation in molecules. The redistribution of this excitation energy to the environment is the primary process to be understood to describe the radiation effect on biomolecular system. Isolated molecular clusters in gas-phase are a promising model system to study the molecular interaction under radiation.The first part of this work describes the construction and the validation of a beamline which can produce bunches of cold molecular cluster ions to be injected in the RIKEN cryogenic electrostatic (RICE} storage ring. The beamline is composed of an electrospray ion source, a quadrupole mass filter, ion guides and an acceleration tube; with the main part being a cryogenic ion trap cool down to SK. The cold ion bunches, in which the ions have been mass selected and accelerated to 20keV, was probed with a laser. The beamline was successfully taken into operation and a measurement of the methylene blue action spectrum in gas-phase was carried out. The second part of this work rely on experiment realized with the dispositif d'irradiation d'agrégats moléculaires (DIAM-IPNL}. The COINTOF-VMI method allows the measurement of the velocity distributions of evaporated molecules from a cluster after high velocity collisions with an argon atom. The velocity distribution measured for mixed clusters protonated pyridine and water has two components: a low velocity part which corresponds to the evaporation of a water molecule after energy redistribution in the cluster, and a high velocity part in which the molecule is evaporated before total energy redistribution. Comparison with the distribution calculated by statistic molecular dynamic simulation shows that the low velocity part can be interpreted as the contribution of two possible excitations induced by collision: excitation on protonated pyridine and excitation on a water molecule
Villette, Sylvain. "Estimation de vitesse par analyse d'images acquises en filé : Application à la caractérisation de la distribution centrifuge de granules d'engrais." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00496311.
Full textVillette, Sylvain. "Estimation de vitesse par analyse d'images acquises en file : application à la caractérisation de la distribution centrifuge de granules d'engrais." Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS042.
Full textThis dissertation demonstrates that motion blurred images acquired in the vicinity of the spinning disc of a fertiliser centrifugal spreader can be used to estimate the outlet velocity components of the granules. First, a recursive linear filter is applied to the image to detect the streak axes corresponding to the granule trajectories. This filter was specifically developed for our research by means of the Canny method and an edge model based on an experimental approach. Secondly, the trajectories are identified and characterised using the Hough Transform. Its computation is based on mechanical knowledge derived from spreading analysis. Next, the outlet velocities are deduced from the outlet angle measurements using kinematic relationships. The fertiliser angular distribution is also estimated using the frequency of trajectory identifications in the image. Finally, the spread pattern is computed by means of a ballistic flight model using the above parameters
Garcia, Gonzalez Maria-Teresa. "Une approche de l'estimation de la distribution des vitesses de conduction musculaires par électromyographie de surface." Troyes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TROY0010.
Full textThis work contributes to the development of muscular conduction velocity distribution (MCVD) estimation methods from SEMG. Its global application is the characterisation and evaluation of the physio-pathological muscle condition. Chapter 1 presents the physiological basis of the propagation and the specifications to measure the conduction velocity of muscular action potentials. Chapter 2 contributes with a systematic test of six nerve or MCVD estimation methods proposed into the literature. The test uses a set of synthetics and nearly real simulated signals. Chapter 3 describes one approach to estimate the MCVD by deconvolution and a comparative study with the estimators previously studied. The application of the method on surface electromyographic signals is presented in chapter 4. The thesis concludes about the analysed problems, the developed approaches and some perspectives
Fakham, Hicham. "Commande et observation de la machine synchrone à aimants permanents à distribution de flux trapézoïdale." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0006.
Full textIn the case of the Trapezoidal Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (TPMSM) drives, the detection of the rotor position is necessary. However, the position sensor uses here increases the cost and the size of the machine and reduces the reliability of the total system. In order to overcome this problem, we centred our research on the proposal of a new observer in order to estimate the rotor position and speed. We studied the modelling and the control of the TPMSM by proposing "the model of mode-six-steps ". Then, our study of the observability conditions of the PMSMT showed that the harmonics of order multiple of three pose a problem in the observation of the rotor position and the speed. Also, we substituted the simple electric quantities by phase-to-phase electric quantities. We then estimated the rotor position and the speed by using two different methods : "Extended Kalman filtre" and "Sliding Mode observer". The last part of our thesis gives to the experimental study of the sliding mode observer which is proposed
Berthias, Francis. "Thermalisation dans une nanogoutte d’eau." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1164/document.
Full textThe evaporation of a water molecule resulting in the rupture of one or more hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds are responsible for many remarkable properties of water. At the macroscopic scale, water is well known for its ability to thermalize a system, while at the microscopic level, a high-speed transfer of vibrational energy through hydrogen bonding was observed. What scale of nanogoutte when a limited number of molecules come into play? In the experiment carried out with the device DIAM IPN Lyon, the relaxation of a nanogoutte of protonated water is observed after electronic excitation of one of its molecules. The implementation of a velocity vector imaging method associated with the technical COINTOF (Correlated Ion and Neutral Time-Of-Flight) allowed the measurement of the velocity distribution of molecules of evaporated protonated water clusters, mass and energy preselected. The shape of the measured velocity distributions shows that even for some nanodroplets composed of few water molecules, the energy is redistributed in the drop before evaporation. For nanodroplets containing less than ten water molecules, the measured velocity distributions are closed to those expected for macroscopic droplets. The statistical redistribution of energy appears as a dominant relaxation process. However, the measurement of the velocity distribution also highlights a distinct contribution at high velocity corresponding to the ejection of a molecule before complete redistribution of energy. The measured velocity distributions for heavy water nanodroplets deuterated show a proportion of non-ergodic most important events that for normal water. The measurements carried out with different target atoms show that the proportion of non-ergodic events decreases with decreasing the energy deposited in the nanogoutte
Hamon, Loïc. "Comportement des polymères et des mélanges en couches minces : de la transition vitreuse à la distribution d'additifs." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0660.
Full textWe study here the behaviour of stereoregular PMMA and blends of PMMA - PEO oligomers in supported thin films. The alm of these works is, firstly, to understand the dynamical behaviour (chain mobility) in thin polymer films and then, to correlate this with additives distribution. Interactions beetwen polymer chains and substrats are at the origin of the thickness dépendant glass transition température in the PMMA thin films, but the use of différent tacticities allows to display the importance of polymer chain conformation. Conformations are influenced by the thin film mode of préparation (spin-coating) and the kind of solvent. So, variations of Tg are diseussed in terms of conformational rearrangements but also, disentanglement of chains. The study of polymer blends pointed out that the PEO do not modify dynamical behaviour of the film. Consequently, PMMA chain conformation and the thin film structure are not influenced by addition of small molecules. It's necessary to use high surfactant oligomer to change thin film properties (dewetting) and measure a surface excess
Benhalima, Reda Bachir. "Contribution à l'étude de la couche limite laminaire tridimensionnelle autour d'un corps de révolution en vibrations harmoniques." Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fca1e588-6ef6-4e1b-86e6-3c672e09ad49.
Full textBetoule, Olivier. "Influence des distributions de vitesse et température de jet de plasma d'arc et de particules sur les propriétés des dépôts d'alumine." Limoges, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIMO0039.
Full textGaimard, Patricia. "Fonctions de distribution de vitesses non-maxwelliennes dans le plasma ionosphérique et application à la mesure par diffusion incohérente." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724945.
Full textIdrissi, Bougrine Aziz. "Ecoulement en conduite de melange solide-liquide : champ des vitesses en ecoulement vertical." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13088.
Full textBalestra, Julien. "Caractérisation de la source des séismes par inversion des données sismologiques et géodésiques : mécanismes au foyer, optimisation des modèles de vitesse, distribution du glissement cosismique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4020/document.
Full textStudies of the earthquake source are based on observations of seismic ground motions. They also depend on the quality and the density of measurements. In this present work we will present studies of the determination of focal mechanism of main aftershocks of the Les Saintes (MW 6.4, 2004) earthquake, and the determination of the coseismic slip of the L’Aquila (MW 6.3, 2009), the Miyagi-Oki (MW 7.2, 2005), ant the Sanriku-Oki (MW 7.3, 2011) earthquakes. These studies were based on two inversion methods. Different kinds of data were available (strong motion, broadband teleseismic, GPS and InSAR) depending on the earthquake studied. But the multiplicity of data is not sufficient to well describe rupture process. There are others difficulties as the data modeling of strong motion. Seismic velocity models are used to describe the characteristics of layers crossed by seismic waves. The quality of the modeling is depending on the pertinence of these seismic velocity models. The description of the rupture process is also depending on the non-uniqueness of the best solution given by global inversion methods. We propose two procedures in order to take into account these two classic issues. First, we developed a velocity model exploration procedure to obtain optimized 1D velocity models in order to improve the strong motion modeling of the L’Aquila earthquake. Then we developed a procedure to build an average rupture model from the combined results of several joint inversions, which was applied to the L’Aquila, the Miyagi-Oki, and the Sanriku-Oki earthquake. This thesis presents all these works and answers to the raised issues
Stverak, Stepan. "Study of the non-thermal character of electron distribution functions in the solar wind." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066691.
Full textKonzou, Essomanda. "Lois gaussiennes inverses (généralisées), lois de Kummer et méthode de Stein." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0147.
Full textIn this thesis, we make a contribution to the study of the properties of the generalized inverse Gaussian and Kummer distributions in the context of Stein's method. This is to contribute to establishing the mathematical tools necessary for the application of Stein's method to the case where the target law is one of the two aforementioned laws, on the one hand, and to applying Stein's method to give a bound of the rate of convergence in some limit theorems involving these two laws, on the other hand. We retrieve the Stein operator of each of these two laws, solve the corresponding differential equation and bound the solution obtained as well as its successive derivatives (for the derivatives, the bound is not always explicit but is established by an iterative technique). The techniques used to obtain the bounds of the solution and of its derivatives are essentially based on the fact that these two laws belong to the family of probability laws whose density g satisfies the differential equation (s(x)g(x))^'=τ(x)g(x) where s and τ are polynomial functions satisfying certain conditions. By Stein's method, we establish a bound for the rate of convergence of the generalized inverse Gaussian and Kummer distributions to the gamma distribution, of the generalized hyperbolic distribution to the generalized inverse Gaussian distribution and a sequence of random variables to the reciprocal inverse Gaussian distribution. Our approach in estimating these rate of convergence by Stein's method is essentially based on the fact that the law of the sequence of random variables considered and the limit law are involved in a convolution relation
Fouari, Aziz. "Contribution à l'étude de la diffusion de la chaleur en aval d'une source linéaire placée dans un jet plan turbulent." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES013.
Full textVitelaru, Catalin. "Caractérisation du procédé plasma de pulvérisation cathodique magnétron à ionisation additionnelle pour la synthèse de couches minces." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112077.
Full textThe higher requirements on the thin films quality have supported the development of new sputtering techniques. Thus, the conventional DC magnetron discharge, one of the most widely used source of atoms for thin film deposition, has been improved by the addition of an auxiliary radio frequency discharge - new technique called RF-IPVD (Radio Frequency -Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition). This technique highly increases the ionization degree compared to conventional magnetron discharge, which is necessary for a better control of the thin films properties. An alternative method to increase the ionization is based on the use of high power pulses on the cathode, HPPMS (High Power Pulsed Magnetron Sputtering), for short periods of time ranging from ųs to tens of ųs.The present study focuses on the sputtering phenomena and the transport of metal sputtered species in these three versions of the magnetron discharge, by means of laser spectroscopy using tunable laser diodes. The recent developments of these diodes have allowed to probe the fundamental levels of titanium and aluminum, and to characterize the spatial dependency of the density and temperature as well as the velocity distribution functions of these atoms. The effect of key discharge parameters, such as current intensity and gas pressure, is studied and described for the conventional magnetron discharge. The spatial and angular velocity distribution functions were measured in front of the magnetron target, in order to characterize the metal fluxes and their behavior in the discharge volume.The study on the metal atoms in the RF-IPVD process is focused on the effect of the additional discharge on the depopulation of the ground state level. Higher ionization efficiency is found at relatively high pressure and it increases with the injected RF power. It was also showed that the thermalized atoms are the ones involved in the ionization process, while the distribution of fast atoms is almost unaffected by the additional discharge.The diagnostics of the HPPMS discharge required the development of a novel experimental procedure, able to monitor the density and temperature of neutral species with a time resolution of ųs. This procedure was used to describe the spatiotemporal evolution of metal atoms (Ti and Al) and Ar metastable atoms. These studies provide an overview on the transport of sputtered atoms during the afterglow, and a description of the pulsed discharge operation, via the creation of metastable argon atoms
Kaghat, Fahd. "Profils des transitions millimétriques : analyse par spectroscopie résolue en temps du rétrécissement et de l'asymétrie liés à la distribution des vitesses moléculaires." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10107.
Full textGirard, Virginie. "Modèles d'habitat statistiques comme outils d'aide à la gestion des débits des rivières insulaires tropicales : Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Réunion." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10055/document.
Full textHydraulic habitat models are frequently used for predicting the ecological impacts of flow management in stream reaches. Their hydraulic component describes microhabitat hydraulics within the reach (e.g. velocity, depth); their biological component describes the "preferences" of aquatic taxa for microhabitat hydraulics. Statistical habitat models involve the modelling of the frequency distributions of hydraulic variables in reaches. Their application requires simple data, but such models are not available for insular tropical streams. We developed hydraulic preference models for 15 diadromous taxa of tropical islands (shrimps and fishes), and statistical hydraulic models for steep streams with large bed particle size. Our models are based on five available biological data sets (~8350 electrofishing units, 52 streams) and original hydraulic measurements (44 streams, 69 site×date) collected in four islands in the Caribbean region (Guadeloupe, Martinique) and the Indian Ocean (Reunion, Mayotte), in collaboration with local partners. Our hydraulic models improve the predictions of observed velocity and depth distributions when compared with previous models developed in continental Europe. Our biological models reflect that hydraulics contribute less to microhabitat selection in tropical islands than elsewhere. Nevertheless, some taxa have significant hydraulic preferences that are comparable among data sets and we illustrate a potential application of our results for guiding low flow management in tropical insular streams
Collin, Marie-France. "Analyse quantitative de visualisations d'écoulements par la mise au point d'une méthode de traitement d'images : application à la détermination du champ des vitesses." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2270.
Full textZafarmand, Behrooz. "Simulation numérique des écoulements turbulents et à bulles dans un canal simple et dans un Té par la méthode des Vortex aléatoires." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL107N.
Full textGasteau, Damien. "Méthodes ultrasons laser pour la caractérisation locale d’aciers polycristallins." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1033/document.
Full textLaser ultrasonics are among the most interesting experimental technics to answer the need of industrials in NDT applications. These non contact methods allow to generate and detect elastic surface wave propagating on typical distances of several tens of microns.The main objective of this thesis is to test laser ultrasonics methods for polycristalline steel study. These materials are composed of several anisotropic crystals with differents sizes and orientations. Among the essential parameters to describe such material, the determination of elastic parameters and texturations are key to good understanting and for the modelisation of material in NDT studies.In a first part, velocities variations due to elastic anisotropy and crystalline orientation of grains is assessed by measuring surface acoustic wave velocity. The experimental results are used in the form of statistical distribution of velocity combined with a numerical model to evaluate elastic parameters.Stainless casted steel is a complex material presenting large biphasic grains. They are here studied to show the presence of sub-structures.Finally, a weld sample presenting typical structuration of ellongated grains is studied to show the presence of preferential orientation
Funfschilling, Denis. "Dynamique de bulles dans des fluides rhéologiquement complexes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_FUNFSCHILLING_D.pdf.
Full textGeffroy, Arthur. "Contribution a l'étude locale et globale de l'enveloppe convexe d'un échantillon aléatoire." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES017.
Full textLAULHE, CELINE. "Effets de la vitesse et du coeur electronique du projectile sur les distributions des etats nm de simple capture lors des collisions ar#8#+#- li(2s) a basse energie." Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN2033.
Full textLe, Chat Gaétan. "Étude du vent solaire à grande échelle." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00547571.
Full textVilquin, Alexandre. "Structure des ondes de choc dans les gaz granulaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0349/document.
Full textIn different materials such as gases, plasmas and granular material, an object, moving at supersonic speed,compresses and heats the fluid ahead. The shock front is the out-of-equilibrium area, where violent changesin temperature, pressure and density occur. It has a particular structure with notably strongly non-Gaussianparticle velocity distributions, which are difficult to observe. In an important breakthrough in 1951, Mott-Smithdescribes the shock front as a superposition of two states: the initial supersonic gas and the compressed andheated subsonic gas, implying existence of bimodal velocity distributions. Several experiences at high Machnumbers show this overall bimodal structure. However this model does not explain the existence of a surplusof particles with intermediate velocities, between the supersonic and the subsonic gas.This thesis focuses on shock waves in granular gases, where particles undergo only inelastic binary collisions.In these dissipative gases, the granular temperature, reflecting the particle random motion, allows to definethe equivalent to the speed of sound by analogy with molecular gases. The low values of this speed of soundpermit to generate easily shock waves in which each particle can be tracked, unlike molecular gases. The firstpart of this work focuses on the effect of the energy dissipation, due to inelastic collisions, on the shock frontstructure in granular gases. Modifications induced on temperature, density and mean velocity, are captured bya model based on the bimodal hypothesis of Mott-Smith and including energy dissipation. The second part isdevoted to the study of velocity distributions in the shock front. From experiences in granular gases, a trimodaldescription, including an additional intermediate state, is proposed and successfully extended to the velocitydistributions in molecular gases
Abdelouahed, Lokmane. "Gestion optimale du gaz électrogénéré dans un réacteur d'électroréduction de minerai de fer." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0203/document.
Full textElectrogenerated gas in electrochemical reactors is considered as an electrochemical and hydrodynamic phenomenon. The ohmic drop in the electrolyte solution is one of important parameter to evaluate for the optimization design of electrochemical reactors. It is due to the resistance of the solution, therefore, its electrical conductivity and of the distance between the two electrodes. To reduce the energy consumption of the electrolytic reduction cell of hematite particles to metallic iron, we studied the design of anode, the location of oxygen bubbles production, in two equivalent cells for water electrolysis in an alkali media. The results showed that the gas hold up increases along the anode and only 25% of the initial anode height is actually active. Moreover the bubbles reach their terminal velocity after 50% of the initial anode height. This allowed us to formulate recommendations that allow the best conditions of bubbles electrogenerated disengagement and low energy consumption
Longaretti, Pierre-Yves. "Dynamique des anneaux de Saturne : ondes de densité et distribution en taille des particules dans les anneaux." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725111.
Full textUng, Hervé. "Quasi real-time model for security of water distribution network." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0015/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to model the propagation of a contaminant inside a water distribution network equipped with real time sensors. There are three research directions: the solving of the transport equations, the source identification and the sensor placement. Classical model for transport of a chemical product in a water distribution network isusing 1D-advection-reaction equations with the hypothesis of perfect mixing at junctions. It isproposed to improve the predictions by adding a model of imperfect mixing at double T-junctions and by considering dispersion effect in pipes which takes into account a 3-D velocity profile. The first enhancement is created with the help of a design of experiment based on the Delaunay triangulation, CFD simulations and the interpolation method Kriging. The second one uses the adjoint formulation of the transport equations applied with an algorithm of particle backtracking and a random walk, which models the radial diffusion in the cross-section of a pipe.The source identification problem consists in finding the contamination origin, itsinjection time and its duration from positive and negative responses given by the sensors. The solution to this inverse problem is computed by solving the adjoint transport equations with a backtracking formulation. The method gives a list of potential sources and the ranking of thosemore likely to be the real sources of contamination. It is function of how much, in percentage, they can explain the positive responses of the sensors.The sensor placement is chosen in order to maximize the ranking of the real source of contamination among the potential sources. Two solutions are proposed. The first one uses agreedy algorithm combined with a Monte Carlo method. The second one uses a local search method on graphs. Finally the methods are applied to a real test case in the following order: the sensor placement, the source identification and the estimation of the contamination propagation
Saez, Manuel. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale de la convection mixte." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10197.
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