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Journal articles on the topic 'Distributions (private law)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Abdeen, Omer, Amiry Sabrina, and Inkov Ivan. "Medicines Distribution, Regulatory Privatisation, Social Welfare Services and Financing Alternatives." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 3, no. 1 (2018): 16–34. https://doi.org/10.5455/IJMRCR.medicine-distributions-sudan.

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The strategy of price liberalisation and privatisation had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatisation policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed

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GUPTA, HARI M., JOSÉ R. CAMPANHA, and FÁBIO R. CHAVARETTE. "POWER LAW DISTRIBUTION IN EDUCATION: EFFECT OF ECONOMICAL, TEACHING, AND STUDY CONDITIONS IN UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE EXAMINATION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 14, no. 04 (2003): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183103004656.

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We studied the statistical distribution of student's performance, which is measured through their marks, in university entrance examination (Vestibular) of UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista) with respect to (i) period of study — day versus night period (ii) teaching conditions — private versus public school (iii) economical conditions — high versus low family income. We observed long ubiquitous power law tails in physical and biological sciences in all cases. The mean value increases with better study conditions followed by better teaching and economical conditions. In humanities, the dist

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McCormack, Gerard. "UNCITRAL, security rights and the globalisation of the US Article 9." Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 62, no. 4 (2020): 485–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v62i4.432.

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This article provides a critical analysis of the UN Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) proposals for developing – through its Legislative Guide (the Guide) – a 'liberal' global secured credit law regime that opens up the range of assets that can be used for securing loans and that limits formal procedures required for taking security interests. The article argues that UNCITRAL’s reliance on Article 9 of the US Uniform Commercial Code is problematic for various reasons. First, it neglects reference to indigenous secured credit law norms that also reflect national social policy cho

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Laponoh, Danyil V. "FEATURES OF THE USE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE PRACTICE OF ROAD TRANSPORT SERVICES." Management 32, no. 2 (2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2415-3206.2020.2.6.

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Background and objectives. Public-private partnership (PPP) is one of the most popular forms of cooperation between the state and business in the world. For Ukraine, PPP is one of the most promising ways to attract investment in the existing state and municipal infrastructure. The Law of Ukraine "On Public-Private Partnership" (2010) allows the implementation of projects in the format of the classic PPP. Most projects involved the development of infrastructure facilities and mining, which is typical for this kind of cooperation between the state and businessMethods. The study used: expert, sta

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Ganesh, Aravind. "WIRTBARKEIT: COSMOPOLITAN RIGHT AND INNKEEPING." Legal Theory 24, no. 3 (2018): 159–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325218000162.

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ABSTRACTAfter defining Cosmopolitan Right as being limited to the conditions of “hospitality,” Kant includes “Wirtbarkeit” in brackets, a word that connotes innkeeping. Moreover, significant similarities obtain between the relevant passages of the Perpetual Peace and those of the Digest of Justinian on the obligations of ships’ masters, innkeepers, and stable keepers. Unlike for ordinary householders, hospitality for innkeepers is a legal obligation, not a matter of philanthropy: they have traditionally been deemed public officials with limited discretion to refuse travelers, and as fiduciarie

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Boj del Val, Eva, M. Mercè Claramunt Bielsa, and Xavier Varea Soler. "Role of Private Long-Term Care Insurance in Financial Sustainability for an Aging Society." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 8894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218894.

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This work analyzes and quantifies the significance of private long-term care insurance for the elderly in protecting families from the increased expenses derived from dependency. We propose an economic and financial model for consumption and income deficit evolution. Survival/dependency are modeled by a Markov process with stochastic simulation techniques to obtain random variable distributions. Based on the Spanish survey of household finances data, Spanish families are classified using a cluster analysis for the wealth decumulation period. The conclusion is that, for a generic family, hiring

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Katz, Claudio J. "Protective Labor Legislation in the Courts: Substantive Due Process and Fairness in the Progressive Era." Law and History Review 31, no. 2 (2013): 275–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248013000047.

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The Supreme Court's decision inLochner v. New York(1905), invalidating an act limiting working hours for bakers as a violation of contractual freedom, has come to symbolize an era in constitutional law. The period covers the years from the end of the Gilded Age through the Progressive Era. Its chief characteristic, according to its critics, is the judiciary's hostility to progressive labor legislation. Statutes intended to protect vulnerable classes from the ravages of industrialization were routinely defeated in the courts. Progressives pioneered an interpretation in whichLochnerbecame a lead

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Song, Zhenang, Jun Cai, and Qiyao Yang. "Taxi Travel Distance Clustering Method Based on Exponential Fitting and k-Means Using Data from the US and China." Systems 12, no. 8 (2024): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12080282.

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The taxi travel distance distribution can be used to forecast the origin and destination (OD) distribution of taxis and private cars. Most of the existing studies on taxi trip distributions have summarized a “low–high–low” trend and approached zero at both ends; however, they failed to explain the reason for this distance distribution. The key indicators and parameters identified by various researchers using big data for the same city and year typically differ, especially in terms of the mode and mean values of distance and time. This study uses New York yellow and green taxi data (a total of

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Chadwick, Anna. "Rethinking the EU’S ‘Monetary Constitution’: legal theories of money, the Euro, and transnational law." European Law Open 1, no. 3 (2022): 468–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/elo.2022.36.

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AbstractIn recent years, legal scholars have dismantled influential economic accounts of the private nature of money, demonstrating that money is better understood as a ‘governance project’ and a public resource that is created and regulated by the state. Legal theories of money could lend support to the ECB’s recent use of ‘unorthodox’ monetary policy to stabilise the euro, and could further support proposals for the innovative use of monetary policy to combat inequality. However, legal writing on money to date has primarily sought to challenge neoclassical economics – a body of thought that

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Shoemaker, Jessica. "Fee Simple Failures: Rural Landscapes and Race." Michigan Law Review, no. 119.8 (2021): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.119.8.fee.

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Property law’s roots are rural. America pursued an early agrarian vision that understood real property rights as instrumental to achieving a country of free, engaged citizens who cared for their communities and stewarded their physical place in it. But we have drifted far from this ideal. Today, American agriculture is industrialized, and rural communities are in decline. The fee simple ownership form has failed every agrarian objective but one: the maintenance of white landownership. For it was also embedded in the original American experiment that land ownership would be racialized for the b

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Xu, Chengcheng, and Shuyue Wu. "Evaluating the Effects of Household Characteristics on Household Daily Traffic Emissions Based on Household Travel Survey Data." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (2019): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061684.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of household characteristics on household traffic emissions. The household travel survey data conducted in the Jiangning District of Nanjing City, China were used. The vehicle emissions of household members’ trips were calculated using average emission factors by average speed and vehicle category. Descriptive statistics analysis showed that the average daily traffic emissions of CO, NOx and PM2.5 per household are 8.66 g, 0.55 g and 0.04 g respectively. The household traffic emissions of these three pollutants were found to have imbalanced distribut

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Sleem, Ahmed, and Ibrahim Elhenawy. "Collaborative Segmentation of COVID-19 From non-IID Topographies in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT)." Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things 7, no. 2 (2022): 08–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jisiot.070201.

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The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) offers numerous advantages in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of a wide variety of illnesses for both patients. COVID-19 has caused a global pandemic and turned out to be the utmost crucial danger threatening the whole world. Thus, scholars’ attention moved toward Deep learning (DL) and IoMT for developing automated systems for COVID-19 diagnosis andor prognosis based on chest computed tomography (CT) scans, and it has shown great success in several tasks, including classification and segmentation. Nevertheless, developing and training a superior

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Hongfei, Xie. "The Hierarchy of Distribution in Private Law." Social Sciences in China 45, no. 2 (2024): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2024.2367308.

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Wojciechowski, Przemyslaw. "Salvia Marcellina and the Collegium of Aesculapius and Hygia in Rome: Some Remarks on the Lex collegii Aesculapii et Hygiae (CIL VI 10234)." Palamedes 12 (December 10, 2019): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/pal.2017.35813926.

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Lex collegii Aesculapii et Hygiae is one of the most frequently cited source texts concerning the Roman private corporations. In this article I try to verify the traditional interpretation of this inscription. Firstly, the analysis of the provisions included in the lex collegii Aesculapii et Hygiae leads to the conclusion that what we have here is not the organisation’s statute but an agreement between the collegium and Salvia Marcellina and her brother-in-law, P. Aelius Zeno. Secondly, quite common conviction that the collegium Aesculapii et Hygiae was a funerary one is based on a very meagre

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Azemsha, S. A., and V. M. Marozau. "Study of regularities in transport preferences by analysis of transport survey results." Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal 19, no. 5 (2022): 638–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-5-638-653.

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Introduction. Transport in cities has a huge impact on the environment, the quality of life of people, their health, road safety, etc., which is the subject of a fairly large number of scientific publications. It is obvious that measures aimed at shifting transport demand from a private car towards the use of public transport are extremely relevant. One way to develop such measures could be through a survey of users of transport services.This article reveals patterns in the transport preferences of the inhabitants of the city of Gomel by analysing the results of their transport survey.The purp

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Kause, Astrid, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Fai Fung, Andrea Taylor, and Jason Lowe. "Visualizations of Projected Rainfall Change in the United Kingdom: An Interview Study about User Perceptions." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (2020): 2955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072955.

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Stakeholders from public, private, and third sectors need to adapt to a changing climate. Communications about climate may be challenging, especially for audiences with limited climate expertise. Here, we study how such audience members perceive visualizations about projected future rainfall. In semi-structured interviews, we presented 24 participants from climate-conscious organizations across the UK with three prototypical visualizations about projected future rainfall, adopted from the probabilistic United Kingdom Climate Projections: (1) Maps displaying a central estimate and confidence in

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Pezzagno, Michèle, Barbara M. Frigione, and Carla S. S. Ferreira. "Reading Urban Green Morphology to Enhance Urban Resilience: A Case Study of Six Southern European Cities." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (2021): 9163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169163.

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A loss of natural capital within cities and their surrounding areas has been noticed over the last decades. Increasing development associated with higher sealing rates has caused a general loss of Urban Green Spaces (UGS) within the urban environment, whereas urban sprawl and the improvement of road networks have deeply fragmented the surrounding landscape and jeopardized ecosystems connectivity. UGS are an essential component of the urban system, and their loss has a greater impact on, e.g., ecological and hydrological processes, threatening human well-being. Different types and spatial confi

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Gatt, Damien, Charles Yousif, Maurizio Cellura, Francesco Guarino, Kenneth Scerri, and Ilenia Tinnirello. "A Novel Approach to Determine Multi-Tiered Nearly Zero-Energy Performance Benchmarks Using Probabilistic Reference Buildings and Risk Analysis Approaches." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (2024): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010456.

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The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) mandates European Union Member States (MS) to conduct cost-optimal studies using the national calculation methodology (NCM), typically through non-calibrated asset-rating software. Nearly zero-energy building (NZEB) levels must be derived for each chosen Reference Building (RB), which are generally defined using deterministic parameters. Previous research proposed an innovative cost-optimal method that replaces ‘non-calibrated deterministic RBs’ with ‘probabilistically Bayesian calibrated reference building (RB)’ to better handle building st

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O'Connell, Aislinn, and Ksenia Bakina. "Using IP rights to protect human rights: copyright for ‘revenge porn’ removal." Legal Studies 40, no. 3 (2020): 442–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2020.17.

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Abstract‘Revenge pornography’ is a concept which embraces a broad spectrum of the non-consensual distribution of private sexual images. Acknowledging the harms that arise from this practice and the human rights implications of ‘revenge pornography’, this paper focuses on the difficulty of removing those images from the Internet. It considers the legal vehicles which can be employed to force websites and third-party operators to remove private sexual images, including privacy law and copyright notice and takedown systems. It concludes that the piecemeal approach to image removal is insufficient

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Kucik, Jeffrey, and Krzysztof J. Pelc. "Measuring the Cost of Privacy: A Look at the Distributional Effects of Private Bargaining." British Journal of Political Science 46, no. 4 (2015): 861–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123414000520.

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Transparency is one of the most contested aspects of international organizations. While observers frequently call for greater oversight of policy making, evidence suggests that settlement between states is more likely when negotiations are conducted behind closed doors. The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) legal body provides a useful illustration of these competing perspectives. As in many courts, WTO dispute settlement is designed explicitly to facilitate settlement throughprivateconsultations. However, this study argues that the privacy of negotiations creates opportunities for states to st

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Imamova, Dilfuza. "IMPROVING THE LEGAL REGULATION OF OBLIGATION RELATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW." Review of Law Sciences 8, no. 2 (2024): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2024.8.3./gebt7928.

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This article considers issues related to the need for the development and adoption of a separate code of Private International Law for the Republic of Uzbekistan, with the aim of regulating international private legal relations. It is proposed to include a dedicated chapter on “Obligatory Law” in the Code, which would cover the regulation of both contractual and non-contractual relations. An analysis of the legal acts of foreign countries in the field of Private International Law has been conducted. Based on this analysis, proposals and recommendations for improving the legislation of the Repu

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Imamova, Dilfuza. "IMPROVING THE LEGAL REGULATION OF OBLIGATION RELATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW." Review of Law Sciences 8, no. 3 (2024): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.51788/tsul.rols.2024.8.3./rhid4276.

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This article considers issues related to the need for the development and adoption of a separate code of Private International Law for the Republic of Uzbekistan, with the aim of regulating international private legal relations. It is proposed to include a dedicated chapter on “Obligatory Law” in the Code, which would cover the regulation of both contractual and non-contractual relations. An analysis of the legal acts of foreign countries in the field of Private International Law has been conducted. Based on this analysis, proposals and recommendations for improving the legislation of the Repu

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Fras, Mariusz. "The Directive 2016/97 On Insurance Distribution (IDD) And Private International Law." Review of European and Comparative Law 38, no. 3 (2020): 113–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4848.

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Clear normative grounds for the information obligation are visible in the Directive (EU) 2016/97 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 January 2016 on insurance distribution (hereinafter: IDD). One of the challenges before insurance law is to answer the question whether and how one should sanction violations of disclosure obligations resulting in the absence of the desired insurance protection. In this aspect important legal problem is law applicable to the assessment of liability for violation of disclosure obligations by the insurer. The second important problem is law ap

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Stone, Rebecca. "Private liability without wrongdoing." University of Toronto Law Journal 73, no. 1 (2022): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utlj-2021-0062.

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Rights-based theories of private law tend to be wrongs based and defendant focused. But many private law wrongs do not seem like genuine wrongs, at least when the background distribution of resources is unjust. A very poor person, for example, may be held legally liable for breaching a one-sided contract with a very rich person. When such a contract reflects and reproduces existing injustice, it is hard to view the poor person’s breach of such a contract as a genuine wrong against the rich person. Conversely, some obvious moral wrongs do not generate legal liability. There is, for example, no

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Singaravelan, Shanmugasundaram, Ramaiah Arun, Dhiraviyam Arun Shunmugam, Raja Veeman Vivek, and Dhanushkodi Murugan. "Access control scheme in cloud services based on different user roles." Informatologia 51, no. 3-4 (2018): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/i.51.3-4.6.

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The rapid development of computer technology, cloud-based services have become a hot topic. They not only provide users with convenience, but also bring many security issues, such as data sharing and privacy issue. In this paper, we present an access control system with privilege separation based on privacy protection (PS-ACS). In the PS-ACS scheme, we divide users into private domain (PRD) and public domain (PUD) logically. In PRD, to achieve read access permission and write access permission, we adopt the Key-Aggregate Encryption (KAE) and the Improved Attribute-based Signature (IABS) respec

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Watt, Horatia Muir. "When Societal Constitutionalism Encounters Private International Law: Of Pluralism, Distribution, and ‘Chronotopes'." Journal of Law and Society 45 (July 2018): S185—S203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jols.12109.

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Zhang, Sen, Weiwei Ni, and Nan Fu. "Differentially private graph publishing with degree distribution preservation." Computers & Security 106 (July 2021): 102285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2021.102285.

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F. Rozsnyai, Krisztina. "Regulating the Competence of Administrative Justice and the Public-Private Law Divide." Central European Public Administration Review 22, no. 2 (2024): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2024.2.09.

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Purpose: The paper investigates the dichotomy between public and private law in terms of access to justice, especially the distribution of competences between various courts and tribunals.Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employs juridical analysis of normative texts and legal comparison.Findings: The continuous expansion of administrative justice calls for a more differentiated yet generalised regulation of access to justice.Academic Contribution to the Field: The analysis addresses policy options regarding the distribution of competences between civil and administrative courts, as well

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Kimura, Tatsuo, Shinya Fukumoto, Akemi Nakano, et al. "A variety of inflammatory shadows caused by COVID-19 on chest CT that closely resembled lung cancer in annual lung cancer screening." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): e23122-e23122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e23122.

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e23122 Background: Chest X ray (CXR) has been the most common screen test procedure for detection of lung cancer. Before COVID-19, we have shown that repeat visitors (R) had a significantly lower proportion of CXR abnormalities requiring medication than the first-time visitors (F) at annual lung cancer screening. (Kimura T. Health Prim Car, 2021). During COVID-19, we reported that the influence of large waves of COVID-19 in annual lung cancer screening. (Kimura T. abstract No. e18596, ASCO annual meeting 2023) Because of the widespread use of vaccines, the XBB variants, derived from Omicron BA

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Gombos, Katalin. "Rules of jurisdiction in the new Hungarian private international law." Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies 61, no. 1 (2021): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2052.2021.00285.

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AbstractOn 1 January 2018, a new act entered into force in Hungary. This act is the new code of private international law in Hungary. The basic purpose of this article is to present the jurisdictional rules of the new law. In the description I discuss how the new act differs from the rules of the old code. In addition, I focus on international and European trends in private international law. I also examine the extent to which the new Hungarian code complies with these trends, as well as discussing the peculiarities of the Hungarian regulation. The new Code uses the concept of jurisdiction as

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Kılınc, Numan, and Sevkiye Sence Turk. "Examination of Local Plan Changes from a Value Capture Perspective: Istanbul Case." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010329.

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Local governments have an increasing tendency to capture the value increase occurring as a result of partial interventions into local plans. The basic acceptance behind this is that value definitely will increase as a result of partial interventions. However, all partial interventions always cannot lead to an increase in value. There can be also partial interventions in which the value does not change or even decreases. The aim of this study is to identify the value capture capacity of local plan changes as partial interventions, and to discuss this capacity in terms of the balance between bet

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Eli, Marlina, Prasetyo Handoyo, and Subhandi Bakhtiar Handar. "Dilemmatics of the Program for Equating Specialist Doctors with the Readiness of Educational Hospitals through Reconstruction of Regulations on the Role of Private Hospitals." International Journal of Social Science and Human Research 07, no. 07 (2024): 5484–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12818180.

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This study analyzes and describes the efforts of private hospitals in the program of organizing specialist doctor education from universities to hospital-based to run well. The type of research that the author uses is empirical normative legal research (Socio-Legal), where normative law refers to legal norms, laws and regulations, while empirical law here refers to the situation in the field of how the readiness of private hospitals will be involved in hospital-based specialist education. The result of this study is that the distribution of medical personnel, especially specialist doctors, is

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De Marchis, Mauro, Gabriele Freni, and Barbara Milici. "Experimental Evidence of the Discharge Law in Private Tanks Connected to Water Distribution Networks." Procedia Engineering 154 (2016): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.428.

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Preedy, Kara. "Fundamental Rights and Private Acts - Horizontal Direct or Indirect Effect? — A Comment." European Review of Private Law 8, Issue 1 (2000): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/264254.

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The contribution examines the distinction between horizontal direct and indirect effect of fundamental rights. The German concept of mittelbare and unmittelbare Drittwirkung with respect to Grundrechte (basic constitutional rights) and the ECJ's approach to private threats to the free movement provisions are analysed briefly. This analysis then allows for consideration of the validity and value of the distinction. Private autonomy and the question of competencies emerge as the main issues to be considered when applying fundamental rights to private acts. It is maintained that the respect for b

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Banu, Roxana. "ASSUMING REGULATORY AUTHORITY FOR TRANSNATIONAL TORTS: AN INTERSTATE AFFAIR? A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE CANADIAN PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW TORT RULES." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 31, no. 1 (2013): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v31i1.4321.

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In Tolofson v. Jensen, the Supreme Court of Canada determined that in most cases the law of the place where the tort occurred has exclusive authority to regulate all legal aspects related to it. In developing this choice of law rule, the Supreme Court relied on an analogy between Private International Law and Public International law. This allows Private International Law to claim a structural, neutral function in the distribution of legislative authority in the international realm and to ignore both private law and public law considerations. To best reveal the way in which the Supreme Court i

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Korhonen, Outi, and Juho Rantala. "Blockchain Governance Challenges: Beyond Libertarianism." AJIL Unbound 115 (2021): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.65.

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This essay considers the ideological context of blockchain technology. This technology is often celebrated for its potential for decentralization, distribution, privacy, and a lack of intermediaries and coordinators for transactions and general governance. Because of these features, blockchain technology, and, in particular, its most famous inauguration—the bitcoin blockchain—is frequently identified with libertarianism. In this essay, we argue that the ideological context of blockchain technology is much more complicated. In addition to unraveling a number of background ideologies and their r

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Soldatos, Gerasimos T. "Law, Coercion and Socioeconomic Equilibrium." Review of Economic and Business Studies 8, no. 2 (2015): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2016-0002.

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AbstractThis paper investigates the economic conditions under which the performance of a Judiciary does not impede non-coercive fair socioeconomic allocations under “Strotz-myopia” regarding the law variable, i.e. under a static view of it in an otherwise dynamic context. The law, here, is the positive factor by which consumption volume is multiplied as a result of law introduction in an otherwise fully private social economy. Lexicographic preferences regarding the law is the keyword in establishing non-coercive equilibria either in the static context of a stone-age economy or in the dynamic

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Nguyen, Van Van. "Legal Framework on Financial Activities of Private Higher Education Institutions in Vietnam." European Journal of Business and Management Research 8, no. 2 (2023): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.2.1885.

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Under Vietnam law, the owners of private higher education institutions (“PHEIs”) established by Vietnamese or foreign investors with the purpose of providing educational services plays a crucial role in the “socialization of education sector” policy. The rules and regulations of Vietnam law are incomplete, inconsistent, ambiguous and cannot provide adequate protection for investors, education services users, and have not been able to create a safe environment for PHEIs to efficiently and stably operate in. Thus, it is necessary to continue with the research for sufficient rationales on the bas

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Storme, Matthias E. "The Foundations of Private Law in a Multilevel Structure: Balancing, Distribution of Lawmaking Power, and Other Constitutional Issues." European Review of Private Law 20, Issue 1 (2012): 237–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2012013.

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Abstract: This contribution is, first of all, a reflection on the distribution of power in relation to private law in the context of multilevel government, on the one hand, and relativization of this power by a so-called law market, on the other hand. It is also a reflection on the notion that law is a balancing activity (balancing values or interests). The author argues in favour of maintaining a normative perspective instead of recognizing as law everything that pretends to be law. He also argues in favour of the classical separation of powers and discusses the legitimacy of lawmaking by the

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Kang, Eun-Hyeon. "Overview of the Revised Act on Private International Law Related to the International Jurisdiction of Kinship and Inheritance Relationship." Korea Association of the Law of Civil Procedure 26, no. 3 (2022): 233–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30639/cp.2022.10.26.3.233.

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The revised act on private international law was promulgated on January 4, 2022, by passing the plenary session of the National Assembly on December 9, 2021, and is implemented on July 5, 2022. This revision of private international law is intended to materialize Article 2 of the past private international law (Act No. 13759, before being fully amended as of January 4, 2022, hereinafter referred to as 'past private international law') about international judicial jurisdiction. Many attempts have paid off, and this amendment contains new details and details of international judicial juris

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Reynolds, Rocque. "The Police Logic of Balancing the Interests in Copyright Law." Public Space: The Journal of Law and Social Justice 5 (December 9, 2010): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/psjlsj.v5i0.1874.

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This article examines the use of the phrase ‘balancing the interests’ in political debate relating to copyright law. I argue that this phrase no longer leads to broad debate on the proper balance to be struck between private, public and social interests in copyright law. Rather, today the phrase has come to represent a type of police logic which reflects the private interests of copyright owners and users as they already exist. Drawing on the work of Jacques Rancière I suggest that this balance of private interests may be upset by a strategy of ‘subjectivisation’ which challenges the existing

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Caliman, Tiziana, and Paolo Nardi. "Technical efficiency drivers for the Italian water industry." ECONOMICS AND POLICY OF ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT, no. 1 (July 2010): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/efe2010-001008.

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The aim of this work is to introduce a first analysis concerning the relevance that ownership and financial structure, but also market dimension and business portfolios, have on the technical efficiency of Italian water utilities. Even though scholars have provided information on the influence of some dimensional or geographical variables, mono-utility character or ownership on efficiency, no paper, to the best of our knowledge, has ever considered the presence of all these hedonic variables as efficiency shifters or drivers. Antonioli and Filippini (2001) have not included ownership; Benvenut

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Volobuyeva, O. "Rape: criminal proceedings of private or public prosecution?" Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 77 (2023): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.77.2.24.

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The article is devoted to the problematic issues of implementing the provisions of the Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention) into the criminal and criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine. It is noted that the norms of criminal and criminal procedural law regulate social relations related to the resolution of the most dangerous social conflicts. Legal norms are aimed at protecting the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the participants in these relations, in which private and public are combined.

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Serik Kozhanovich, Zhetpisov, Alibayeva Gulnara Aitchanovna, and Dubovitskaya Olga Borisovna. "PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECT." Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan 3, no. 74 (2023): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52026/2788-5291_2023_74_3_68.

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The article is devoted to the study of the constitutional and legal foundations for the protection of personal data in the era of global digitalization. The authors conducted a comparative legal analysis of international acts and modern Kazakhstani legislation regulating, first of all, constitutional rights to the protection of private life, including the right to family and personal secrets; as well as the right to secrecy of personal savings and deposits; the right to privacy of correspondence, including telephone conversations, telegraph and postal messages, and the like. This article prese

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Davey, James, and John Coggon. "LIFE ASSURANCE AND CONSENSUAL DEATH: LAW MAKING FOR THE RATIONALLY SUICIDAL." Cambridge Law Journal 65, no. 3 (2006): 521–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197306007215.

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DIFFICULT questions of medical ethics are often made more complex in the real world by the intrusion of private law considerations. The end of life choices of a mentally competent but terminally ill patient may be influenced by the consequences for the financial well being of surviving dependants. In particular, attention is likely to be given to the effect on any life insurance cover in place. For many this will represent the greatest financial asset contingent on death. There has been considerable debate as to the proper response of public law to these issues, in both the criminal and regula

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Tjandra, Jonathan. "The Fragmentation of Property Rights in the Law of Outer Space." Air and Space Law 46, Issue 3 (2021): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2021021.

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Neither customary international law nor existing outer space treaties provide clear answers as to whether property rights can exist in outer space. In this Article, I will argue that under international law, there exists a fragmented system of property rights, namely, a right to use outer space with a limited right of exclusion. This interpretation is supported by an analysis of Roman private law and common law philosophical theories of property. However, I argue that this fragmented system of property rights is insufficient to deal with the problems of scarcity and unequal distribution of tec

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Cafaggi, Fabrizio. "Transnational Private Regulation of Environmental Sustainability through Commercial Contracts. Reassessing Contractual Governance in Global Supply Chains." European Review of Contract Law 20, no. 1 (2024): 25–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2024-2002.

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Abstract Sustainability standards are integrated and applied in global supply chains through transnational commercial contracts that have come to play a regulatory function in addition to the conventional exchange task. The design of the architecture of contracting, the coordination among contracts, and the content of sustainability terms along the chain is the result of the cooperation of different actors, led by one or more transnational corporations. The paper describes the distribution of private regulatory power according to the structures of the chains- hierarchical, relational, market -

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Wu, Meng, and Anthony Ang Sang Nang. "Blockchain-based Distributed Financial Trust Evaluation System and Operation Mechanism." Journal of Innovation and Development 5, no. 1 (2023): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jid.v5i1.11.

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The functioning of the present-day financial system relies on the movement of funds and information. DeFi (Decentralized Finance), utilising blockchain technology, possesses the capability to establish autonomous and trustworthy smart contracts that do not require the involvement of intermediaries for escrow and auditing purposes. This results in the creation of a financial system that is characterised by its openness and transparency, devoid of any form of identity-based discrimination, and accessible to all individuals. The utilisation of a private blockchain system facilitates enhanced effi

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Saunders, Melanie K. "Mining on Celestial Bodies: The Equitable Distribution of Benefits Doctrine and Distributive Justice." Australian Year Book of International Law 36, no. 1 (2019): 195–238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26660229_03601010.

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Abstract The United States and Luxembourg have recently legislated to permit the acquisition of private property rights over celestial resources mined by private actors. Considering these developments, this note will consider an element of the Common Heritage of Mankind under international space law: the equitable sharing of benefits doctrine. It proposes a formulation of the doctrine that entails material and equitable distribution of economic benefits derived from space mining among all States, ensuring that space is utilised in a manner delivering a tangible collective benefit. It suggests

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David, Matthew, and Jamieson Kirkhope. "New Digital Technologies: Privacy/Property, Globalization, and Law." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 3, no. 4 (2004): 437–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569150042728884.

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AbstractThis paper addresses attempts to locate and dislocate music audiences in the context of global commercial, legal, and technical developments. The 2001 legal decision against Napster in the United States found the file share service company guilty of copyright infringement. This precedent appeared to support the recording industry. However, such legal frames have been bypassed by new softwares. Supporters see such global networks of sharing and distribution as undoing corporate control. The recording industry has responded with parallel claims of having encryption and surveillance techn

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