Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Distributions stables'
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Wang, Min. "Generalized stable distributions and free stable distributions." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I032/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with real stable laws in the broad sense and consists of two independent parts. The first part concerns the generalized stable laws introduced by Schneider in a physical context and then studied by Pakes. They are defined by a fractional differential equation, whose existence and uniqueness of the density solutions is here characterized via two positive parameters, a stability parameter and a bias parameter. We then show various identities in law for the underlying random variables. The precise asymptotic behaviour of the density at both ends of the support is investigated. In some cases, exact representations as Fox functions of these densities are given. Finally, we solve entirely the open questions on the infinite divisibility of the generalized stable laws. The second and longer part deals with the classical analysis of the free alpha-stable laws. Introduced by Bercovici and Pata, these laws were then studied by Biane, Demni and Hasebe-Kuznetsov, from various points of view. We show that they are classically infinitely divisible for alpha less than or equal to 1 and that they belong to the extended Thorin class extended for alpha less than or equal to 3/4. The Lévy measure is explicitly computed for alpha = 1, showing that free 1-stable distributions are not in the Thorin class except in the drifted Cauchy case. In the symmetric case we show that the free alpha-stable densities are not infinitely divisible when alpha larger than 1. In the one-sided case we prove, refining unimodality, that the densities are whale-shaped, that is their successive derivatives vanish exactly once on their support. This echoes the bell shape property of the classical stable densities recently rigorously shown. We also derive several fine properties of spectrally one-sided free stable densities, including a detailed analysis of the Kanter random variable, complete asymptotic expansions at zero, and several intrinsic features of whale-shaped functions. Finally, we display a new identity in law for the Beta-Gamma algebra, various stochastic order properties, and we study the classical Van Danzig problem for the generalized semi-circular law
Ben, Maad Hassen. "Optimisation des stratégies de décodage des codes LDPC dans les environnements impulsifs : application aux réseaux de capteurs et ad hoc." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS023/document.
Full textThe goal of this PhD is to study the performance of LDPC codes in an environment where interference, generated by the network, has not a Gaussian nature but presents an impulsive behavior.A rapid study shows that, if we do not take care, the codes’ performance significantly degrades.In a first step, we study different approaches for impulsive noise modeling. In the case of multiple access interference that disturb communications in ad hoc or sensor networks, the choice of alpha-stable distributions is appropriate. They generalize Gaussian distributions, are stable by convolution and can be theoretically justified in several contexts.We then determine the capacity if the α-stable environment and show using an asymptotic method that LDPC codes in such an environment are efficient but that a simple linear operation on the received samples at the decoder input does not allow to obtain the expected good performance. Consequently we propose several methods to obtain the likelihood ratio necessary at the decoder input. The optimal solution is highly complex to implement. We have studied several other approaches and especially the clipping for which we proposed several approaches to determine the optimal parameters
Liu, Shuyan. "Lois stables et processus ponctuels : liens et estimation des paramètres." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463817.
Full textEyi-Minko, Frédéric. "Propriétés des processus max-stables : théorèmes limites, lois conditionnelles et mélange fort." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2282/document.
Full textThe theme of this thesis is spatial extreme value theory and we focus on continuous max-stable processes. We begin with the convergence of the maximum of independent stochastic processes, by using the convergence of empirical measures to Poisson point processes. After that, we determine the regular conditional distributions of max infinitely divisible (max-i.d) processes. The representation of max-i.d. processes by Poisson point processes allows us to introduce the notions of extremal functions and hitting scenario. Our result relies on these new notions. Max-stable processes are max-i.d. processes, so we give an algorithm for conditional sampling and give an application to extreme precipitations around Zurich and extreme temperatures in Switzerland. We also find a upper bound for the β-mixing coefficient between the restrictions of a max-i.d. process on two disjoint closed subsets of a locally compact metric space. This entails a central limit theorem for stationary max-i.d processes. Finally, we prove that the class of stationary maxstable processes with the Markov property is equal, up to time reversal, to the class of stationary max-autoregressive processes of order 1
Jaoua, Nouha. "Estimation Bayésienne non Paramétrique de Systèmes Dynamiques en Présence de Bruits Alpha-Stables." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929691.
Full textFries, Sébastien. "Anticipative alpha-stable linear processes for time series analysis : conditional dynamics and estimation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLG005/document.
Full textIn the framework of linear time series analysis, we study a class of so-called anticipative strictly stationary processes potentially depending on all the terms of an independent and identically distributed alpha-stable errors sequence.Focusing first on autoregressive (AR) processes, it is shown that higher order conditional moments than marginal ones exist provided the characteristic polynomials admits at least one root inside the unit circle. The forms of the first and second order moments are obtained in special cases.The least squares method is shown to provide a consistent estimator of an all-pass causal representation of the process, the validity of which can be tested by a portmanteau-type test. A method based on extreme residuals clustering is proposed to determine the original AR representation.The anticipative stable AR(1) is studied in details in the framework of bivariate alpha-stable random vectors and the functional forms of its first four conditional moments are obtained under any admissible parameterisation.It is shown that during extreme events, these moments become equivalent to those of a two-point distribution charging two polarly-opposite future paths: exponential growth or collapse.Parallel results are obtained for the continuous time counterpart of the AR(1), the anticipative stable Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.For infinite alpha-stable moving averages, the conditional distribution of future paths given the observed past trajectory during extreme events is derived on the basis of a new representation of stable random vectors on unit cylinders relative to semi-norms.Contrary to the case of norms, such representation yield a multivariate regularly varying tails property appropriate for prediction purposes, but not all stable vectors admit such a representation.A characterisation is provided and it is shown that finite length paths of a stable moving average admit such representation provided the process is "anticipative enough".Processes resulting from the linear combination of stable moving averages are encompassed, and the conditional distribution has a natural interpretation in terms of pattern identification
Béranger, Boris. "Modélisation de la structure de dépendance d'extrêmes multivariés et spatiaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066004/document.
Full textProjection of future extreme events is a major issue in a large number of areas including the environment and risk management. Although univariate extreme value theory is well understood, there is an increase in complexity when trying to understand the joint extreme behavior between two or more variables. Particular interest is given to events that are spatial by nature and which define the context of infinite dimensions. Under the assumption that events correspond marginally to univariate extremes, the main focus is then on the dependence structure that links them. First, we provide a review of parametric dependence models in the multivariate framework and illustrate different estimation strategies. The spatial extension of multivariate extremes is introduced through max-stable processes. We derive the finite-dimensional distribution of the widely used Brown-Resnick model which permits inference via full and composite likelihood methods. We then use Skew-symmetric distributions to develop a spectral representation of a wider max-stable model: the extremal Skew-t model from which most models available in the literature can be recovered. This model has the nice advantages of exhibiting skewness and nonstationarity, two properties often held by environmental spatial events. The latter enables a larger spectrum of dependence structures. Indicators of extremal dependence can be calculated using its finite-dimensional distribution. Finally, we introduce a kernel based non-parametric estimation procedure for univariate and multivariate tail density and apply it for model selection. Our method is illustrated by the example of selection of physical climate models
Finke, Jorge. "Stable emergent ideal free distributions." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1172757689.
Full textPivato, Marcus. "Analytical methods for multivariate stable probability distributions." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63698.pdf.
Full textJama, Siphamandla. "An alternative model for multivariate stable distributions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8959.
Full textAs the title, "An Alternative Model for Multivariate Stable Distributions", depicts, this thesis draws from the methodology of [J36] and derives an alternative to the sub-Gaussian alpha-stable distribution as another model for multivariate stable data without using the spectral measure as a dependence structure. From our investigation, firstly, we echo that the assumption of "Gaussianity" must be rejected, as a model for, particularly, high frequency financial data based on evidence from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE). Secondly, the introduced technique adequately models bivariate return data far better than the Gaussian model. We argue that unlike the sub-Gaussian stable and the model involving a spectral measure this technique is not subject to estimation of a joint index of stability, as such it may remain a superior alternative in empirical stable distribution theory. Thirdly, we confirm that the Gaussian Value-at-Risk and Conditional Value-at-Risk measures are more optimistic and misleading while their stable counterparts are more informative and reasonable. Fourthly, our results confirm that stable distributions are more appropriate for portfolio optimization than the Gaussian framework.
Sabre, Rachid. "Estimation non paramétrique dans les processus symétriques stables." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES046.
Full textFinkelstein, Gary Steele. "A stochastic asset-liability model using stable distributions." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21338.
Full textThe salient feature under examination in this thesis is the assumption that the error terms, ZD(t) and Zy(t), are normally distributed. This assumption is common to most of the stochastic asset models that are in widespread use within the actuarial profession. An example is the well known Wilkie model (Wilkie (1984, 1995)).
Shi, Peipei. "ESTIMATION AND APPROXIMATION OF TEMPERED STABLE DISTRIBUTION." Cleveland, Ohio : Case Western Reserve University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1268515957.
Full textDepartment of Statistics Title from PDF (viewed on 2010-05-25) Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center
Ratier, Guillaume. "Les mariages stables : graphes et programmation linéaire." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010008.
Full textKawai, Reiichiro. "Contributions to Infinite Divisibility for Financial Modeling." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4888.
Full textd'Estampes, Ludovic. "Traitement statistique des processus alpha-stables: mesures de dépendance et identification des ar stables. Test séquentiels tronqués." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005216.
Full textChainais, Pierre. "Cascades log-infiniment divisibles et analyse multiresolution. Application à l'étude des intermittences en turbulence." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001584.
Full textYang, Guangyuan. "The Energy Goodness-of-fit Test for Univariate Stable Distributions." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339476355.
Full textMaddox, Wesley J. "Dependency Measures and Copulas for Multivariate Infinitely Divisible Distributions." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1493912655994132.
Full textGilmour, Iain. "The distribution of carbon stable isotopes within sedimentary organic matter." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373660.
Full textAssaf, Ata A. "Fractional integration, stable distributions and long-memory models of foreign exchange rates." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0022/NQ50104.pdf.
Full textMagness, Simon Lee. "Distributions and stable isotope characteristics of maleimides (1-H-pyrrole-2,5-diones)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c048b2c8-5524-4e7d-ac52-d473a31b78fb.
Full textBrcic, Ramon Francis. "Some aspects of signal processing in heavy tailed noise." Curtin University of Technology, Australian Telecommunications Research Institute, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14244.
Full textThe nonparametric bootstrap is used to estimate the distributions of the test statistics removing the assumption of Gaussianity and offering improved performance for heavy tailed observations. Finally, some robust estimators are proposed for estimating parametric signals in additive noise. These are based on M-estimators but implicitly incorporate an estimate of the noise distribution. enabling the estimator to adapt to the unknown noise distribution. Two estimators are developed, one uses a nonparametric kernel density estimator while the other models the score function of the noise distribution with a linear combination of basis functions.
Percy, Edward Richard Jr. "Corrected LM goodness-of-fit tests with applicaton to stock returns." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1134416514.
Full textPolaski, Zachary. "Dynamic asset allocation using option implied distributions in an exponentially tempered stable Lévy market." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16038.
Full textEste artigo explora o problema do portfólio ideal usando distribuições implícitas na opção quando o processo de preço subjacente é assumido como sendo conduzido por um processo exponencial de Levy. Em particular, a aplicação é levada a cabo usando um processo de difusão de salto Estável Exponencialmente Temperado como o componente martingale do preço das acções de log, e as preferências do investidor são assumidas sujeitas a uma função de utilidade CRRA. Densidades de um mês neutras ao risco são extraídas dos preços das opções usando um método de precificação por transformação e são subsequentemente transformadas na densidade ajustada ao risco ou no mundo real por meio de um modelo preservando a entropia mínima que mantém a parametrização do processo Levy. Um resultado de controle otimizado estocástico é então usado para construir um portfólio que consiste em um ativo de risco e sem risco, que é reequilibrado mensalmente. Descobriu-se que os portfólios formados usando as expectativas implícitas na opção sob a hipótese de mercado Levy, que são flexíveis o suficiente para capturar os momentos mais altos da distribuição implícita, são muito mais robustos aos riscos de cauda esquerda e oferecem melhorias estatisticamente significativas ao desempenho ajustado ao risco quando a aversão ao risco do investidor é baixa, porém isso diminui à medida que aumenta a aversão ao risco.
This paper explores the optimal portfolio problem using option-implied distributions when the underlying price process is assumed to be driven by an exponential Levy process. In particular, the application is carried out using an Exponentially Tempered Stable jump-diffusion process as the martingale component of the log stock price, and the investor's preferences are assumed subject to a CRRA utility function. One month risk-neutral densities are extracted from option prices by using a transform pricing method and are subsequently transformed to the risk-adjusted, or real-world density via a model preserving minimal entropy transform which importantly maintains the parameterization of the Levy process. A stochastic optimal control result is then used to construct a portfolio consisting of a risky and risk-free asset which is rebalanced on a monthly basis. It is found that the portfolios formed using option-implied expectations under the Levy market assumption, which are flexible enough to capture the higher moments of the implied distribution, are far more robust to left-tail market risks and offer statistically significant improvements to risk-adjusted performance when investor risk aversion is low, however this diminishes as risk aversion increases.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Walter, Christian. "Les structures du hasard en économie : efficience des marchés, lois stables et processus fractals." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0043.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show that the so-called anomalies observed in the measurement of efficiency, are not implying that there is a violation of the efficient market hypothesis. There are only implying that it is necessary to abandon the restriction of the efficiency concept, which is the mean-variance form (mv-efficiency). If the probabilist framework is modified, by outpassing the gaussian limitation, these anomalies are disappearing. Hence, it is possible to exhibit, for the financial theory and its applications, the advantage of using a large class of very general stochastic processes : the self-similar-stationnary increments-stable-fractals processes (h-sssi processes). The use of these processes allows to make the anomalies irrelevant regarding the new framework : the mv-efficiency anomalies are no more anomalies in a context of non gaussian efficiency. Hence, the efficient market hypothesis (actually the mv-efficiency) is generalized to all non gaussian cases. This generalization gives a new approach, and therefore a new understanding, of the nature of the risk of assets. The behavior of stock market prices is better explained. Hence, new possibilities of applications are emerging
Reschenhofer, Erhard, and Michael A. Hauser. "Tests of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis." Austrian Statistical Society, 1997. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6613/1/541%2DArticle_Text%2D1535%2D1%2D10%2D20160403.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Thanh Huy. "Heavy-tailed nature of stochastic gradient descent in deep learning : theoretical and empirical analysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAT003.
Full textIn this thesis, we are concerned with the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithm. Specifically, we perform theoretical and empirical analysis of the behavior of the stochastic gradient noise (GN), which is defined as the difference between the true gradient and the stochastic gradient, in deep neural networks. Based on these results, we bring an alternative perspective to the existing approaches for investigating SGD. The GN in SGD is often considered to be Gaussian for mathematical convenience. This assumption enables SGD to be studied as a stochastic differential equation (SDE) driven by a Brownian motion. We argue that the Gaussianity assumption might fail to hold in deep learning settings and hence render the Brownian motion-based analyses inappropriate. Inspired by non-Gaussian natural phenomena, we consider the GN in a more general context that suggests that the GN is better approximated by a "heavy-tailed" alpha-stable random vector. Accordingly, we propose to analyze SGD as a discretization of an SDE driven by a Lévy motion. Firstly, to justify the alpha-stable assumption, we conduct experiments on common deep learning scenarios and show that in all settings, the GN is highly non-Gaussian and exhibits heavy-tails. Secondly, under the heavy-tailed GN assumption, we provide a non-asymptotic analysis for the discrete-time dynamics SGD to converge to the global minimum in terms of suboptimality. Finally, we investigate the metastability nature of the SDE driven by Lévy motion that can then be exploited for clarifying the behavior of SGD, especially in terms of `preferring wide minima'. More precisely, we provide formal theoretical analysis where we derive explicit conditions for the step-size such that the metastability behavior of SGD, viewed as a discrete-time SDE, is similar to its continuous-time limit. We show that the behaviors of the two systems are indeed similar for small step-sizes and we describe how the error depends on the algorithm and problem parameters. We illustrate our metastability results with simulations on a synthetic model and neural networks. Our results open up a different perspective and shed more light on the view that SGD prefers wide minima
Lockheart, Matthew James. "Isotope compositions and distributions of individual compounds as indicators for environmental conditions : comparisons between contemporary and Clarkia fossil leaves." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389098.
Full textEdwards, Jeffrey L. "Comparative analysis of Poisson and alpha-stable distributions on frequency of operational risk loss events." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10108197.
Full textOperational risk events have translated into billions of dollars of losses for financial and insurance institutions. A recent example of an operational risk event was the $7.2 billion trading loss of a capital markets trader, which caused the near collapse of Societe Generale Bank in 2008. The purpose of this quantitative descriptive comparative study is to aid in the decision-making process of allocating capital by examining the underlying probability models. The objective of the study was to compare the Poisson distribution to the alpha-stable probability distribution as a basis for allocating capital for the required capital reserves as mandated by Basel II. The study compares the degree for which the frequency distribution of operational risk loss events adheres to the Poisson distribution and the alpha-stable probability distributions. Using the Operational Riskdata eXchange Association (ORX) operational risk loss events dataset, the analysis within the study included goodness-of-fit tests. The intention of the goodness-of-fit hypothesis test is to identify how well data adhered to probability distributions or compare observed activities to expected activities. The ORX data includes loss figures from European, North American, and Asian financial institutions. The major results of study reveal that the ORX loss events frequencies do not adhere to the Poisson distribution. In making such a conclusion, the study supports the idea that the Poisson distribution is used incorrectly as a foundational model for frequency within operational risk
Mathieu, Fabien. "Autour du pair-à-pair : distribution de contenus, réseaux à préférences acycliques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667414.
Full textNoble, Laine. "Evolution of Dispersal in Patchy Habitats." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1448878039.
Full textBoyer, Patrick. "Contribution à l'étude de la dispersion des polluants dans les basses couches de l'atmostphère en situations stables et par vent faible." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22102.
Full textCornea, Adriana. "Bootstrap raffiné pour les lois stables parétiennes avec applications aux rendements des actifs financiers." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX24023.
Full textThe supremacy of the stable Paretian distributions over the Gaussian distributions is by now a stylized fact in the financial theory and pratice. It is well known that the asymptotic inference about the expected returns is not always reliable and the nonparametric bootstrap can be used as an alternative. However, several studies have emphazide the fact that the nonparametric bootstrap is invalid foe the stable Paretian distributions. The reason is that the expected returns are highly influenced by the risk of the investement opportunities, risk which is always greater in stable Paretian financial market than in a Gaussian market. The widely accepted solution to the nonparametric bootstrap failure is the m out of n bootstrap. But, in this thesis it is shown that the m out of n bootstrap can also fail to provide valid inference results in small sample and can perform worse. Than the nonparametric bootstrap. In addition, in this dissertation a refined bootstrap method that overcomes the drawbacks of both of the nonparametric bootstrap and the m out of m bootstrap, is introduced. Then, the behavior of the refined boostrap is investigated through a simulation study. Finally, its performance is illustrated using returns of hedge funds and jumps of the futures S&P500 index
Krause, Dirk Verfasser], and Svetlozar T. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Račev. "Portfolio Analysis with Multivariate Normal Tempered Stable Processes and Distributions / Dirk Krause. Betreuer: S. T. Rachev." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025887433/34.
Full textConnelly, Abram. "Numerical evidence for phase transitions of NP-complete problems for instances drawn from Lévy-stable distributions." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2533.
Full textRieley, Gareth. "Molecular and isotropic studies of natural environments : distributions and stable carbon isotopic compositions of individual lipids." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385652.
Full textKrause, Dirk [Verfasser], and Svetlozar T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Račev. "Portfolio Analysis with Multivariate Normal Tempered Stable Processes and Distributions / Dirk Krause. Betreuer: S. T. Rachev." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025887433/34.
Full textHöchstötter, Markus. "The pareto stable distribution as a hypothesis for returns of stocks listed in the DAX /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2006. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/3-8300-2491-6.htm.
Full textBolot, Maximilien. "Approche théorique de la distribution des isotopologues stables de l'eau dans l'atmosphère tropicale, de l'échelle convective aux grandes échelles." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066527.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to establish the principles of water stable isotopologues distribution in convecting atmospheres and, in turn, to explore the potential of isotopic measurements for the study of deep convection. First, we revisit the treatment of water isotopic effects in convective updrafts, with a special focus on the out-of-equilibrium conditions arising from supersaturation and the presence of a mixed-phase layer, where liquid water and ice coexist. We show that these effects can lead to significant shifts in the deuterium excess of vapour at high altitude. We also show that combined measurement of isotopic ratios at cloud base and over restricted altitude regions at cloud top could be used to estimate supersaturation and supercooled liquid water. Then, we study the distribution of isotopic ratios inside ice crystals and relate this distribution to the nucleation and growth history of crystals. Using measurements from the TC4 campaign, we show how diffusive growth and aggregation processes have a distinct signature in terms of crystal isotopic composition and can be characterised accordingly. Finally, we seek to determine the relative importance of moist convection and large-scale circulation in controlling isotopic ratios and their variations in the tropical troposphere. We conclude on the feasibility of using water isotopologues to gain information on convective entrainment and on the recycling of moisture in actively convecting areas of the tropics
Jönsson, Anders. "An evaluation of the distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls and organic matter in coastal sediments." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Geology and Geochemistry, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-125.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of what processes and mechanism affects the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organic carbon in coastal sediments. Because of the strong association of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) such as PCBs with organic matter in the aquatic environment, these two entities are naturally linked. The coastal environment is the most complex and dynamic part of the ocean when it comes to both cycling of organic matter and HOCs. This environment is characterised by the largest fluxes and most diverse sources of both entities. A wide array of methods was used to study these processes throughout this thesis. In the field sites in the Stockholm archipelago of the Baltic proper, bottom sediments and settling particulate matter were retrieved using sediment coring devices and sediment traps from morphometrically and seismically well-characterized locations. In the laboratory, the samples have been analysed for PCBs, stable carbon isotope ratios, carbon-nitrogen atom ratios as well as standard sediment properties. From the fieldwork in the Stockholm Archipelago and the following laboratory work it was concluded that the inner Stockholm archipelago has a low (≈ 4%) trapping efficiency for freshwater-derived organic carbon. The corollary is a large potential for long-range waterborne transport of OC and OC-associated nutrients and hydrophobic organic pollutants from urban Stockholm to more pristine offshore Baltic Sea ecosystems.
Theoretical work has been carried out using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and statistical methods on a database of 4214 individual sediment samples, each with reported individual PCB congener concentrations. From this work it was concluded that the continental shelf sediments are key global inventories and ultimate sinks of PCBs. Depending on congener, 10-80% of the cumulative historical emissions to the environment are accounted for in continental shelf sediments. Further it was concluded that the many infamous and highly contaminated surface sediments of urban harbours and estuaries of contaminated rivers cannot be of importance as a secondary source to sustain the concentrations observed in remote sediments. Of the global shelf PCB inventory < 1% are in sediments near population centres while ≥ 90% is in remote areas (> 10 km from any dwellings). The remote sub-basin of the North Atlantic Ocean contains approximately half of the global shelf sediment inventory for most of the PCBs studied.
Borisevič, Jelena. "Apie geometriškai stabiliuosius maksimumo skirstinius." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2004. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20040603_162439-78402.
Full textOh, Chang Seok. "Estimation of time varying term premia of U.S. Treasury Securities : using a starch model with stable distributions /." Connect to resource, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262974907.
Full textNishikawa, Yoshitaka. "Stable Iodine Distribution Among Children After the 2011 Fukushima Nuclear Disaster in Japan: An Observational Study." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253173.
Full textEley, Yvette. "Environmental and biochemical controls on the molecular distribution and stable isotope composition of leaf wax biomarkers." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/52165/.
Full textLemke, Tatjana [Verfasser]. "Poisson Series Approaches to Bayesian Monte Carlo Inference for Skewed α-Stable Distributions and Stochastic Processes / Tatjana Lemke." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2014. http://d-nb.info/104936306X/34.
Full textFiche, Anthony. "Distributions alpha-stable pour la caractérisation de phénomènes aléatoires observés par des capteurs placés dans un environnement maritime." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835073.
Full textWood, Suzannah. "Understanding the Formation of Kinetically Stable Compounds and the Development of Thin Film Pair Distribution Function Analysis." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22645.
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Grice, Kliti. "Distributions and stable carbon isotopic compositions of individual biological markers from the Permian Kupferschiefer (Lower Rhine Basin, N.W. Germany)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283943.
Full textShah, Mumtaz Muhammad. "Hydrothermal dolomites in the plateform carbonates (early albian) of the Ranero zone (NW Spain) : Distribution, petrography, geochemistry and their genesis." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0627/document.
Full textThis study documents the temporal and lateral variation in petrographic and geochemical signatures of fault-related dolomite bodies in the Ranero and El-Moro areas (Karrantza valley, Cantabrian mountains; NW Spain). These dolomite bodies are hosted in Albian carbonates, which were deposited at the margin of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin during an intense rift-related subsidence. Fluid circulations generated replacive and cementing dolomites, paragenetically predated and followed by various calcite cements. Petrography, mineralogical and geochemical systematics (XRD, ICP, XRF, stable and Sr isotopes) along sections cutting the dolostone bodies document successive hydrothermal stages. Two contrasting dolomite formation events are evidenced. Early dolomites are ferroan, locally associated with MVT mineralisation, δ18O depleted (-14 to -10‰ V-PDB) and mostly replace limestone producing abundant zebra lithotypes. Later dolomites are non-ferroan, severely δ18O depleted (-19 to -15‰ V-PDB), and do not replace limestones but rather previous dolomites. Dolomites are generally stoichiometric (49.76 to 51.59 M% CaCO3). Fluid inclusions record high temperature brines (Th 120 to 200°C). Sr isotope data suggest that the dolomitising fluids interacted upstream with siliciclastic lithologies. The dolomite fabric and its petrophysical properties are variably altered through cataclastic deformation and late (meteoric) dedolomitisation.The first episode of pervasive ferroan dolomitisation probably resulted from compactional dewatering of basinal fluids from the nearby Basque trough and hydrodynamic fluid flow along the fractures in the Albian carbonate platform. These early fluids must have been Mg, Fe-rich and slightly acidic (limestone-replacive). The second episode of very hot and localized dolomitisation may be related to a thermal anomaly and/or convective flow of Fe-poor fluids