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Journal articles on the topic 'District Court (California : Southern District)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bland, Randall W., and Charles L. Zelden. "Justice Lies in the District: The U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, 1902-1960." Journal of American History 81, no. 2 (September 1994): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2081326.

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2

Rise, Eric W., and Charles L. Zelden. "Justice Lies in the District: The U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, 1902-1960." American Historical Review 99, no. 4 (October 1994): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168940.

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3

Hall, Kermit L., and Charles L. Zelden. "Justice Lies in the District: The U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, 1902-1960." Journal of Southern History 60, no. 4 (November 1994): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2211117.

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4

Couch, Harvey, and Charles L. Zelden. "Justice Lies in the District: The U. S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, 1902-1960." American Journal of Legal History 39, no. 2 (April 1995): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/845907.

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5

C.L. "California Court Denies Wrongful Birth Claim." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 24, no. 3 (September 1996): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1073110500004046.

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On July 3, 1996, in Jones v. United States(No. 93-20137, 1996 U.S. Dist. WL 382937 (N.D. Cal. July 3,1996)), the United States District Court for the Northern District of California held that plaintiffs in a wrongful birth action cannot recover costs or damages associated with the birth and upbringing of their daughter absent evidence of causation and proof to satisfy liability requirements. Plaintiffs scientific evidence regarding the alleged interaction between antibiotics and oral contraceptives did not satisfy the Daubertstandard (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.,509 US. 579, 597 (1993) (remanded, Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, lnc.,43 F.3d 1311, 1315 (9th Cir.), cert. denied,116 S. Ct. 189 (1995))) for admissibility developed by the Supreme Court. In addition, the plaintiffs failed to meet their burden of persuasion on duty of care and causation.On January 16, 1992, Karyn Jones went to a U.S. Army gynecologist, Dr. James Murphy, to obtain a prescription for birth control pills.

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6

Leigh, Monroe. "Societe Nationale Industrielle Aerospatiale v. United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa." American Journal of International Law 81, no. 4 (October 1987): 944–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203422.

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7

Hall, Kermit L., and Steven Harmon Wilson. "The Rise of Judicial Management in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, 1955-2000." Journal of Southern History 70, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27648546.

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8

Bersin, Alan D. "Reinventing Immigration Law Enforcement in the Southern District of California." Federal Sentencing Reporter 8, no. 5 (March 1, 1996): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20639910.

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9

Baker, Laura A., Catherine Tuvblad, Pan Wang, Karina Gomez, Serena Bezdjian, Sharon Niv, and Adrian Raine. "The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California: III." Twin Research and Human Genetics 16, no. 1 (February 2013): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.127.

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The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California (USC) was initiated in 1984 and continues to provide an important resource for studies investigating genetic and environmental influences on human behavior. This article provides an update on the current register and its potential for future twin studies using recruitment through school district databases and voter records. An overview is also provided for an ongoing longitudinal twin study investigating the development of externalizing psychopathology from childhood to young adulthood, the USC Study of Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior. Characteristics of the twins and their families are presented, including recruitment and participation rates, as well as attrition analyses and a summary of key findings to date.

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10

Garber, William F. "Sewage Sludge Disposal in Southern California, U.S.A." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1989): 1431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0339.

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Disposal of sewage solids resulting from wastewater treatment processes has historically been the most difficult and “unsolved” problem in the handling of water-carried wastes in Southern California. Continuing rapid growth combined with Federal laws which essentially prohibit any discharge of sludge to the ocean regardless of net effects upon the land) water and air total environment have exacerbated this problem to an almost critical state. Complex incineration processes directed at producing energy from dried sludge while minimizing negative atmospheric impacts are under construction. Their complexity has resulted in start-up problems related to the short time allowed for design and break-in by Federal Court action. Increased sludge disposal amounts are also resulting from Federal insistence upon full secondary treatment prior to ocean disposal regardless of net environmental impact. Four large facilities were examined: the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, the City of San Diego and the City of Los Angeles. Differing approaches to disposal have been chosen with landfills receiving most sludge at the present and incineration planned for most in the future. Description of the current practices with the amounts of solids to be disposed of and the current costs are outlined.

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11

Rosati, Eleonora. "US court rules that unlicensed reproduction of NBA players' tattoos in their videogame avatars is not a copyright infringement." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 15, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpaa061.

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12

Lender, Mark Edward, and Roberta Sue Alexander. "A Place of Recourse: A History of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Ohio, 1803-2003." American Journal of Legal History 47, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/30039531.

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13

Bonadio, Enrico, and Luke McDonagh. "Paris court grants an SEP anti-anti-suit injunction in IPCom v Lenovo: a worrying decision in uncertain times?" Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 15, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpaa018.

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Abstract IPCom v Lenovo, Tribunal de Grande Instance de Paris, Case No RG 19/59311, 8 November 2019 The Tribunal de Grande Instance de Paris has granted an anti-anti-suit injunction in favour of SEP-holder IPCom against Lenovo, requiring the latter to withdraw an anti-suit injunction action filed before the US District Court for the Northern District of California.

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14

Leigh, Edward M. "Zedan v. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." American Journal of International Law 82, no. 4 (October 1988): 828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203519.

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Plaintiff Zedan, an American citizen, brought suit in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for breach of a contract guaranteeing wages and profits. While performance under the contract occurred in Saudi Arabia, plaintiff alleged that the jurisdictional requirements under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (28 U.S.C. §§1330, 1602-1611 (1982)) (FSIA) were satisfied by a recruitment call in California from a representative of the royal overseer of a private Saudi company. The district court granted the Saudi motion to dismiss. On appeal, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (per Silberman, J.) unanimously affirmed and held: (1) that the telephone call did not have the requisite substantiality of contact with the United States; (2) that it was not sufficient to form the basis of a cause of action; and (3) that the alleged breach did not have sufficient direct effect in the United States to satisfy the exceptions to immunity under the FSIA.

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15

Schonhofen, Sven. "Trade mark law and the First Amendment: California district court clarifies the Rogers test." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 11, no. 7 (July 2016): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpw071.

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16

Weinstein, Bonnie. "United States v. Biermann." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 1 (January 1989): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202797.

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Defendants, citizens of the United Kingdom, Bermuda, the Federal Republic of Germany and the United States, were operators of a sailing vessel on the high seas that was registered in the United Kingdom and flying the UK flag. Defendants were indicted for possession of several tons of marijuana, with intent to distribute, following a search and seizure of their vessel by the United States Coast Guard. Initially, the court granted defendants’ request for an evidentiary hearing. However, upon further consideration, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (per Legge, J.) held: that the court had proper jurisdiction, and that defendants’ motions to suppress evidence obtained from the boarding, search and seizure of the vessel and to conduct an evidentiary hearing should be denied.

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17

Charns, Alexander. "Reviews of Books:The Rise of Judicial Management in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, 1955-2000 Steven Harmon Wilson." American Historical Review 110, no. 1 (February 2005): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/531222.

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18

Burke, Susan. "Desir v. Ilchert." American Journal of International Law 82, no. 4 (October 1988): 830–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203520.

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Plaintiff, a Haitian seeking asylum in the United States, filed a petition for habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, to overturn a denial of asylum by both an immigration judge and the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA). The plaintiff sought asylum under section 101(a)(42)(A) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. §1101(a)(42)(A) (1982)) (INA) on the basis of “persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” The district court upheld the BIA decision, which allowed deportation of the plaintiff because the incidents of persecution in Haiti were economically rather than politically motivated. The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (per Tang, J.) reversed, holding that the plaintiff had demonstrated persecution based on political opinion by showing a pattern of extortion by government officials, and remanded for a determination of whether the plaintiff would be persecuted upon his return to Haiti.

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19

Koenig, Eric S. "United States v. Palestine Liberation Organization." American Journal of International Law 82, no. 4 (October 1988): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203521.

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Plaintiff, the United States, brought an action in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York against the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and four individuals seeking an injunction to close the PLO’s Permanent Observer Mission (Mission) to the United Nations as violative of the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1987 (ATA). The district court (per Palmieri, J.) entered summary judgment for defendants and held: (1) the ATA does not require the closure of the PLO’s Mission to the United Nations; (2) the status of the PLO’s Mission, an invitee of the United Nations, is protected by the Agreement Between the United States and the United Nations Regarding the Headquarters of the United Nations (Headquarters Agreement); and (3) Congress did not intend the ATA to supersede the Headquarters Agreement.

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20

S.C. "Michigan Court Clarifies Liability for COB Provisions in ERISA and Auto Plans." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 24, no. 1 (March 1996): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1073110500004587.

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In Campbell Soup Co. v. Allstate Insurance Co. (913 F. Supp. 451 (W.D. Mich. Jan. 9, 1996)), the United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan, Southern Division, held that a health plan's coordination of benefits (COB) clause, covered under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA), does not preempt a similar no-fault automobile insurance clause in the absence of irreconcilable conflict. The court found that ERISA's policy of shielding plans from unanticipated claims could only be furthered when the plan had expressly disavowed such claims. Because the ERISA plan in this case did not specifically subordinate itself to the no-fault policy, the district court found that the no-fault COB clause controlled. However, to escape this ruling, ERISA plans need only redraft their COB clauses specifically to disclaim liability in case of conflict with provisions of no-fault insurance policies. This caveat substantially limits the scope of the court's ruling.

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21

Hollis, Michael. "The effects of conservation messaging on retail water deliveries." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.003.

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In 2014 the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California spent $5.5 million on a large scale public outreach campaign designed to foster public awareness about the California drought and to promote water conservation. This paper estimates the water savings associated with that effort.

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22

Hartman, Brett. "Recent Case Developments in Health Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, no. 2 (2009): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00382.x.

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In January 2009, the California Court of Appeal for the Fifth District held that an individual suffering from paranoid schizophrenia could be forcefed and medicated despite his refusal of consent. The patient was a prison inmate, who engaged in a hunger strike to protest imagined abuses by prison guards. The court, reconciling conflicting provisions of California law, upheld the appointment of a conservator to make treatment decisions because the patient could not participate in those decisions “by means of a rational thought process.” However, in tying mental capacity to the plausibility of a protestor’s claims, the court risks placing political dissent at the mercy of judicial discretion.

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23

Foord, Eugene E. "Clinobisvanite, eulytite, and namibite from the pala pegmatite district, San Diego Co., California, USA." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 399 (April 1996): 387–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.399.14.

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The 100 Ma complex LCT-type composite pegmatite- aplite dykes, intruded into various units of the Southern California Batholith, are known to contain bismuth minerals. Jahns and Wright (1951) reported the following primary and secondary bismuth minerals from the quartz-rich cores of a number of dykes in the Pala district, San Diego Co., California: native bismuth, bismuthinite, bismite, bismutite, and beyerite.

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24

Slomanson, William. "Waldman v. Palestine Liberation Organization (U.S. Ct. App. Second Circuit)." International Legal Materials 57, no. 3 (June 2018): 490–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2018.24.

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The 2000–2005 al Aqsa Intifada spawned a horrific wave of violence in and near Jerusalem. Numerous individuals and entities were sued in U.S. courts, by both foreign and American victims, relying on a variety of liability theories and statutes. The seminal Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA) case was filed in 2007 in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York as Sokolow v. Palestine Liberation Organization. It also named the Palestinian Authority (PA) and individuals including Yasser Arafat.

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25

Porges, Amelia. "United States: Foreign Legal Consultant Rules of California, The District of Columbia and New York." International Legal Materials 26, no. 4 (July 1987): 977–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002078290002595x.

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On April 2, 1987, California's new rules on licensing of foreign legal consultants came into effect, joining the foreign legal consultant rules in New York, the District of Columbia, Michigan, and Hawaii [Rule 988, Cal. Rules of Court; N.Y. Ct. App. R. for Licensing of Legal Consultants, 22 N.Y.C.R.R. Part 521; Rule 46 (c) (4), D.C. Ct. App.; Rule 5 (E), Mich. Bd. of L. Exam'rs; Rule 14, Sup. Ct. of Hawaii]. The California, New York and District of Columbia rules are reprinted here. In addition, a foreign legal consultants proposal is now under active consideration in Texas.The table following this note summarizes the provisions of the five foreign legal consultant rules with regard to eligibility for admission, the scope of practice permitted the foreign legal consultant, and professional discipline. In the United States, it is unconstitutional for a state to deny admission to the bar by reason of citizenship (In re Griffiths, 413 U.S. 717 (1973). State residency requirements are also unconstitutional as applied to citizens of other states (Supreme Court of New Hampshire v. Piper, 470 U.S. 274 (1985). State bar examination pass rates range from 40% to 99%; a substantial number of foreign lawyers have been admitted to the bar by passing the bar examination. As of June 1, 1987, over 70 foreign legal consultants had been licensed in New York, and none in other jurisdictions (one application was pending).

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26

Blalock-Moore, Nicole. "Piper v. Big Pine School District of Inyo County: Indigenous Schooling and Resistance in the Early Twentieth Century." Southern California Quarterly 94, no. 3 (2012): 346–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2012.94.3.346.

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Prior to the 1920s, the state of California authorized local school districts to educate Native American children in ““separate but equal”” facilities where there was no federal Indian school in the vicinity. In 1923 seven Indian children in Inyo County attempted to enroll in a public school instead of attending the poorer quality local Indian day school. The state Supreme Court, in Piper v. Big Pine School District (1924), ruled in their favor. The case was central to ending segregation in California’’s public schools.

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27

Oshio, Kazuto. "Recognizing Multiple Values of Water "from the Bottom Up": Historical Lessons from the Metropolitan Water District- Imperial Irrigation District Water Transfer in Southern California." Journal of the Southwest 59, no. 1-2 (2017): 338–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsw.2017.0015.

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28

Zakhary, Joseph R. "Antitrust: U.S. Supreme Court Affirms FTC Jurisdiction but Vacates Scope of Analysis on CDA Policy." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 27, no. 2 (June 1999): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1073110500012912.

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In California Dental Association v. FTC, 119 S. Ct. 1604 (1999), the U.S. Supreme Court reviewed a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit that a nonprofit affiliation of dentists violated section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (FTCA), 15 U.S.C.A. § 45 (1998), which prohibits unfair competition. The Court examined two issues: (1) the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) jurisdiction over the California Dental Association (CDA); and (2) the proper scope of antitrust analysis. The Court unanimously held that CDA was subject to FTC's jurisdiction, but split 5-4 in its finding that the district court's use of abbreviated rule-of-reason analysis was inappropriate.CDA is a voluntary, nonprofit association of local dental societies. It boasts approximately 19,000 members, who constitute roughly threequarters of the dentists practicing in California. Although a nonprofit, CDA includes for-profit subsidiaries that financially benefit CDA members. CDA gives its members access to insurance and business financing, and lobbies and litigates on their behalf. Members also benefit from CDA marketing and public relations campaigns.

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29

Wahl, Jenny Bourne. "Justice Lies in the District: The U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, 1902–1960. By Charles L. Zelden. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 1993. Pp. 312. $49.50." Journal of Economic History 53, no. 4 (December 1993): 963–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700051652.

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30

Cenzatti, M. "Electric Vehicle Production and Advanced-Transportation Systems: Prospects for the Development of an Industrial District in Southern California." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 6 (June 1995): 955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a270955.

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In this paper I question the likely development trajectory of electric vehicle (EV) manufacture and related advanced-transportation systems in Southern California. The large base of labor skills, technical expertise, and research and development organizations that are found in the region in the aerospace, electronics, and metalworking industries provide a solid foundation for the EV industry. These sectors also provide a legacy of industrial organization that is oriented more towards flexible production than mass production. The technological immaturity of the EV and the uncertain market it faces, combined with the existing industrial atmosphere in Southern California, suggest that early production of EVs will be organized flexibly in an industrial district uniting firms and technologies in the production of components for an advanced ground-transportation industry.

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31

Hinojosa, Alissa, Urs P. Kreuter, and Carissa L. Wonkka. "Liability and the Use of Prescribed Fire in the Southern Plains, USA: A Survey of District Court Judges." Land 9, no. 9 (September 9, 2020): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090318.

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Suppression of historical fire regimes has changed the composition and structure of many fire-dependent ecosystems, frequently resulting in decreased grazing productivity and biodiversity in grasslands and savannas. Land managers have attempted to reverse these trends through the application of prescribed fire, but regulations and liability concerns often deter them. District court judges play a key role in defining the legal context of prescribed burning by interpreting applicable statutes in personal injury or property damage cases resulting from escaped prescribed fire. However, information about the way judges interpret open burning statutes and regulations is difficult to obtain. We conducted a mail survey of district court judges in Texas and Oklahoma, USA to shed light on decisions judges might make presiding over an escaped fire case. The survey included questions regarding their perception of prescribed fire, their understanding of the laws affecting prescribed burning, and hypothetical questions to determine how they would apply relevant law in an escaped fire case. We found that judges cited fewer factors as evidence of gross negligence than simple negligence. This suggests that a shift toward a gross negligence liability standard for escaped prescribed fire cases might result in fewer findings of prescribed burner liability.

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32

Chesnutt, T. W. "The water demand shaping effects of new irrigation technology: evapotranspiration irrigation controllers in southern California, USA." Water Supply 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0051.

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The purpose of this work is a statistical analysis of the net change to water demand among customers who installed evapotranspiration irrigation controllers and customers given irrigation education in the Irvine Ranch Water District, California. This paper documents a statistical analysis of historical water demand to derive estimates of the net water savings from these interventions. This type of empirical investigation is important since California water agencies are considering multimillion dollar investments in this type of demand-side management. Thus, the predictable demand reduction and demand load-shaping are critical to rational economic investment decisions.

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33

Delaume, Georges R. "United States: District Court for the Southern District of New York Opinion in Liberian Eastern Timber Corporation (Letco) v. The Government of the Republic of Liberia." International Legal Materials 26, no. 3 (May 1987): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900021379.

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34

Osborn, Elizabeth R. "Federal Justice in Indiana: The History of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana by George W. Geib, Donald B. Kite Sr." Michigan Historical Review 34, no. 2 (2008): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mhr.2008.0041.

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35

Marcus, Jerome M. "National Petrochemical Co. of Iran v. the M/T Stolt Sheaf." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 2 (April 1989): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202752.

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In an action brought in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, plaintiff, the National Petrochemical Co. of Iran (NPC), sought damages against Monnris Enterprises of Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, Rotexchemie Brunst & Co. of Hamburg (Rotex), and Rotex’s Geneva affiliate, Formula S.A., for breach of an agreement to sell chemicals to NPC. Asserting that NPC is a subsidiary of the National Iranian Oil Co., which is in turn owned wholly by the Government of Iran, defendants moved to dismiss on the ground that the United States does not recognize the Khomeini Government of Iran and, hence, that neither Iran nor its instrumentality NPC has standing to sue in U.S. courts. The district court granted the motion, NPC appealed and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held: (1) that a foreign state may have standing to sue in U.S. courts even if the United States does not recognize its government or have diplomatic relations with it; (2) that an unrecognized government will have standing to sue if the U.S. executive branch has evinced a willingness to permit the plaintiff to litigate its claims in U.S. courts; and (3) that the level of intercourse between the United States and Iran, and a Statement of Interest filed in this case by the United States as amicuš curiae, show that the executive branch is willing to permit NPC to litigate its claims in U.S. courts.

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36

Cannaday, Jessica, and Jennifer Courduff. "Teacher perceptions of gifted and talented certification practices in a Southern California school district: A replication study." Gifted and Talented International 32, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332276.2018.1525270.

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37

Mitsova-Boneva, Diana. "Beyond Chinatown: The Metropolitan Water District, Growth, and the Environment in Southern California, by Steven P. Erie." Journal of Urban Affairs 29, no. 5 (December 2007): 544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2007.00365.x.

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38

Savage, Kaye S., Dennis K. Bird, and Roger P. Ashley. "Legacy of the California Gold Rush: Environmental Geochemistry of Arsenic in the Southern Mother Lode Gold District." International Geology Review 42, no. 5 (May 2000): 385–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206810009465089.

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39

Rodriquez, Alicia E. "“No Ku Klux Klan for Kern”." Southern California Quarterly 99, no. 1 (2017): 5–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2017.99.1.5.

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The Ku Klux Klan saw a rapid rise in Kern County, California, in 1921 but disintegrated in 1922. Local newspapers decried the Klan’s vigilante violence; a diligent district attorney pursued and prosecuted those involved; and the local press and the court cases revealed members’ identities. The ensuing backlash quickly neutralized the Klan in Kern County. The revealed identities enabled the author to profile local KKK adherents. The subsequent career paths of key members and their opponents confirm the shift of public opinion against the Klan despite its public relations efforts.

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40

Rafique, Amana, and Sunny C. Jiang. "Genetic diversity of human polyomavirus JCPyV in Southern California wastewater." Journal of Water and Health 6, no. 4 (March 1, 2008): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2008.067.

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JC Polyomavirus (JCPyV) has the potential to be used as a viral marker for human waste contamination because at least 40% of the human population excretes this virus through its urine. In addition, each of 6 known subtypes of JCPyV is associated with a specific human ethnicity group, which has allowed for tracing of human migration. This study aims to explore the possibility of linking the genetic diversity of JCPyV with source of human waste. Primary sewage effluent from Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD) sewage treatment facility was collected and examined for the presence of JCPyV using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). JCPyV was detected by nested PCR using primers specific to the conservative regulatory region in 100% of the 13 samples collected monthly over a year. Only 5 samples were amplifiable by the primers specific to the diverse intergenic region of the virus. Sequence analyses of cloned amplicons from the intergenic region indicated that JCPyV matched subtypes of European, Asian, African and African-American origins. A genotype that is unique from previously identified clinical sample is also revealed. This research suggests the diversity of JCPyV subtypes can be used as a tool to trace the source of human waste contamination.

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41

Vázquez, Carlos M. "Argentine Republic v. Amerada Hess Shipping Corp." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 3 (July 1989): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203318.

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Plaintiffs and respondents, Amerada Hess Shipping Corp. and United Carriers, Inc., were respectively the charterer and owner of the Hercules, a crude oil tanker that was bombed in international waters by Argentine military aircraft during the war over the Malvinas or Falkland Islands. The ship was severely damaged and had to be scuttled off the coast of Brazil. After unsuccessfully seeking relief in Argentina, the companies filed suit against defendant and appellant, the Argentine Republic, in the Southern District of New York. Plaintiffs argued that the federal courts had jurisdiction under the Alien Tort Statute (28 U.S.C. §1350 (1982)), which confers federal jurisdiction over “any civil action by an alien for a tort only, committed in violation of the law of nations or a treaty of the United States.” The district court dismissed the suit for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, holding that the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (28 U.S.C. §§1330, 1602-1611 (1982)) (FSIA) is by its terms the sole basis of federal jurisdiction over cases against foreign states. A divided panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed. The Supreme Court (per Rehnquist, C.J.) unanimously reversed the Second Circuit and held that the FSIA provides the exclusive basis of federal jurisdiction over suits against foreign states.

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Friedman, Lawrence M. "Civil Wrongs: Personal Injury Law in the Late 19th Century." American Bar Foundation Research Journal 12, no. 2-3 (1987): 351–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1987.tb00541.x.

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This is a report of data drawn from a study of personal injury actions in the Superior Court of Alameda County, California, and in the federal district court for Northern California, for the period 1880–1900. Tort actions, in this period, were relatively uncommon compared to the number of accidents. The most frequent type of action was against common carriers—railroads and street railways. Malpractice actions were rare. Most fired cases were settled or dropped out before full trial and jury verdict. Though plaintiffs won damages in most jury cases, the overall finding is that the system provided little compensation for most victims of accidents. Tort law and practice disfavored passengers less than employees or “trespassers.” Three types of barrier blocked the path to compensation: legal doctrines which made recovery difficult; an accident-compensation system which, especially for workers, discouraged enforcement of claims; and the legal culture, which was a culture of low expectations.

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Davies, Mitchell C. "[Cali] Fornication by False Pretences—No Penalty for Partner Personation under California's Penal Code." Journal of Criminal Law 77, no. 4 (August 2013): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/jcla.2013.77.4.856.

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This article considers the recent decision of the Second District Court of Appeal of California in People v Julio Morales. The California Court of Appeal controversially quashed the conviction for rape of the appellant who had had sexual intercourse with the victim seemingly whilst she had initially been asleep. With there being conflicting accounts as to whether the victim had been awake or asleep during the intercourse, the appellant had been convicted of rape by the jury on the alternative bases of her either: (1) having been unconscious (asleep) during the intercourse or; (2) having been awake during the intercourse, but mistaken as to the identity of her sexual partner, believing him to be her boyfriend. In a restrictive judgment, displaying more concern for principles of statutory interpretation than criminal justice, the appeal court quashed the appellant's conviction. The reasoning of the court was that the jury might have convicted on the basis of (2) above and that the California Penal Code recognised the offence of rape as being possible in personation cases only where the person being impersonated is the spouse of the victim. This article suggests a number of ways that were open to the appeal court to avoid this unsatisfactory outcome, both by application of other provisions of the Penal Code itself and by reference to the history of the spousal impersonation rule traceable back to old English common law.

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Butler, David. "The Catholic London District in the Eighteenth Century." Recusant History 28, no. 2 (October 2006): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200011274.

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The London of Challoner consisted only of some seven square miles, one square mile of which was, of course, the City of London. It can all be put onto some eight pages of the present A–Z map of London, which at the time of writing consists of 141 pages. John Rocques's map of London, on a scale of 200 feet to the inch, which he began in 1738 and finished in 1747, in its London Topographical Society format of 1982, perfectly illustrates the London of both Challoner and Defoe. The western extremities were at Marylebone, Knightsbridge and Chelsea, the eastern at Stepney, Limehouse and Deptford, the northern at Tottenham Court and Bethnal Green, while the southern limits were at Kennington and Walworth Common. The population of London was assessed by Wrigley in 1990 as c. 575,000 in 1700, as c. 675,000 in 1750 and as c. 959,000 in 1801. The 1767 papist returns indicated that most London Catholics lived in the parishes of St James and St Giles, within Westminster. Schwarz has pointed out the considerable social segregation in London, middle-class areas being in the west and central parts, with the poorer areas in the south and east. The St Giles area around Seven Dials going east to Bow Street and Drury Lane is reputed to have contained a third of the capital's beggars and to have been a notoriously criminal quarter. The Catholic numbers in Westminster were 7,724, the City numbers 1,492, with the Middlesex out-parishes having more than 2,000. The 1767 total for London, including the parishes to the south and east, comes to 12,320, clearly too low, as is the accumulated total for the London District of around 15,800. This gives about 3,500 for the London District outside the capital while Challoner's own figures give us a Catholic population of 5,261. If the errors in enumeration were the same in both areas (a large assumption), this enables us to guess that the 1767 figures could be corrected to about 18,500 London Catholics and about 24,000 for the whole District.

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Falcone, Nicholas. "Wisconsin District Court Extends EMTALA Whistleblower Protections to Non-Employee Physicians – Muzaffar v. Aurora Health Care Southern Lakes, Inc." American Journal of Law & Medicine 40, no. 1 (March 2014): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885881404000106.

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Liou, Yi-Hwa, and Alan J. Daly. "Broken bridges: a social network perspective on urban high school leadership." Journal of Educational Administration 56, no. 5 (August 6, 2018): 562–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jea-01-2018-0010.

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Purpose Secondary school leadership provides multiple challenges in terms of the diversity of tasks, multiple demands on time, balancing communities and attending to instructional programming. An emerging scholarship suggests the importance of a distributed instructional leadership approach to high school leadership. However, what has been less thoroughly explored is how secondary school leadership is distributed leaders across a school district. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the social structure and positions urban high school principals occupy in the district system. Design/methodology/approach This study was conducted in one urban fringe public school district in southern California serving diverse students populations. The data were collected at three time points starting in Fall 2012 and ending in Fall 2014 from a district-wide leadership team including all central office and site leaders. All leaders were asked to assess their social relations and perception of innovative climate. The data were analyzed through a series of social network indices to examine the structure and positions of high school principals. Findings Results indicate that over time high school principals have decreasing access to social capital and are typically occupying peripheral positions in the social network. The high school principals’ perception of innovative climate across the district decreases over time. Originality/value This longitudinal study, one of the first to examine high school principals from a network perspective, sheds new light on the social infrastructure of urban high school principals and what this might mean for efforts at improvement.

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Trussell, R. S., G. Lai-Bluml, M. Chaudhuri, and G. Johnson. "Developing a regional recycled water program in Southern California." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 3 (June 21, 2019): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.042.

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Abstract The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Metropolitan) and the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (Sanitation Districts) are exploring the potential of a Regional Recycled Water Program (RRWP) to beneficially reuse water currently discharged to the Pacific Ocean. The program would consist of a new advanced water treatment (AWT) facility at the Sanitation Districts' Joint Water Pollution Control Plant (JWPCP) in Carson, California, USA, capable of producing an ultimate flow of 581 MLD (150 MGD). The full-scale facility would treat effluent from the JWPCP using an AWT train comprising a membrane bioreactor (MBR), followed by reverse osmosis (RO) and ultraviolet light advanced oxidation (UV/AOP). After MBR-RO-UV/AOP treatment, the treated water would be distributed to groundwater basins in Los Angeles and Orange counties to recharge their aquifers. This program would diversify the region's water resources and significantly contribute to long-term water supply targets outlined in Metropolitan's Integrated Water Resources Plan. A feasibility study for the RRWP was completed in 2016, confirming its technical viability. Currently, Metropolitan and the Sanitation Districts recently completed conceptual planning studies to investigate implementation options for a full-scale program, and constructed a 1.9 MLD (0.5 MGD) AWT demonstration facility. Although large facilities employing membrane filtration (MF)-RO-UV/AOP are currently permitted and operating in California, there are no facilities using an MBR-RO-UV/AOP train. The AWT demonstration facility – the Regional Recycled Water Advanced Purification Center – will build on recent research in Australia and the USA to develop a regulatory strategy to incorporate MBR into a potable reuse advanced treatment train.

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Waller, Tom. "Expertise, Elites, and Resource Management Reform: Resisting Agricultural Water Conservation in California's Imperial Valley." Journal of Political Ecology 1, no. 1 (December 1, 1994): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v1i1.21155.

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An explanation of why the management of natural resources sometimes benefits an elite few, how the exercise of expertise contributes to this, and how traditional and inefficient resource use can continue. Water scarcity in Southern California forces the nation's largest irrigation district to conserve and transfer water to urban areas. Elites resist reform with expert help, and when overcome by events, use the authority of expertise to legitimize reforms which benefit their interests.Keywords:Water politics, scarcity and conservation; Expertise and power; Resource management/ reform; Irrigation - Social Aspects

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Wahl, Jenny B. "American Slavery and the Path of the Law." Social Science History 20, no. 2 (1996): 281–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021635.

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There is some soul of goodness in things evil,Would men observingly distill it out.— Shakespeare,Henry VFederal and state appellate court reporters for the 15 American slave states and the District of Columbia contain nearly 11,000 cases concerning slaves. In deciding these cases, southern judges formulated doctrines that would later become commonplace in other disputes. In fact, the common law of slavery, whether it concerned the sale, hiring, or accidental injury of a slave, looks far more like modern-day law than like antebellum law. Slave law, in many ways, helped blaze the path of American law generally.

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Reynolds, Craig J. "Rural male leadership, religion and the environment in Thailand's mid-south, 1920s–1960s." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 42, no. 1 (January 14, 2011): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463410000536.

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By considering the historical significance of a southern Thai policeman, Khun Phantharakratchadet (1898–2006), I aim to shift historical writing away from the court, the aristocracy and the capital even though the social setting is not merely ‘local’ or ‘peripheral’ but an amalgam of elements found throughout the country. I also want to give credit to local historians often dismissed for being parochial, untheoretical and disposed to myth-making, and to show how tantric practices (saiyasat), the arts of self-defence, policing, banditry and masculinity intersect in the career of this policeman, a native of the unique environment in the Songkhla lakes district.

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