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Journal articles on the topic 'District heating (DH)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Pakere, Ieva, Dace Lauka, Kristiāna Dolge, et al. "Climate Index for District Heating System." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 1 (2020): 406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0024.

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AbstractDistrict heating (DH) has been highlighted as an important part in future carbon neutral energy supply. However, the performance of different DH systems varies a lot and the existing regulations do not always motivate DH companies to move toward more sustainable heat production. Therefore, this article presents novel methodology for Climate index determination which can be further used for the comparison of DH systems. The Climate index includes seven different indicators which show DH system performance according to energy efficiency, sustainability and environmental impact dimensions

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2

Mbiydzenyuy, Gideon, Sławomir Nowaczyk, Håkan Knutsson, Dirk Vanhoudt, Jens Brage, and Ece Calikus. "Opportunities for Machine Learning in District Heating." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (2021): 6112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136112.

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The district heating (DH) industry is facing an important transformation towards more efficient networks that utilise significantly lower water temperatures to distribute the heat. This change requires taking advantage of new technologies, and Machine Learning (ML) is a popular direction. In the last decade, we have witnessed an extreme growth in the number of published research papers that focus on applying ML techniques to the DH domain. However, based on our experience in the field, and an extensive review of the state-of-the-art, we perceive a mismatch between the most popular research dir

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3

Knutsson, Håkan, Magnus Holmén, and Kristina Lygnerud. "Is Innovation Redesigning District Heating? A Systematic Literature Review." Designs 5, no. 1 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs5010007.

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The district heating (DH) industry has been characterized by continuous innovation for several decades, but there is limited knowledge on the characteristics of the sector’s innovation activities, arguably the most important information for understanding how the sector can continue to develop and further support the energy transition of society. We perform a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify the types of innovation, the levels of innovation and the relation between different innovations in the DH sector. A total of 899 articles are analyzed and coded into eight groups: fuel, suppl

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4

Pakere, Ieva, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Solar Energy in Low Temperature District Heating." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 3 (2019): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0085.

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Abstract Solar technologies are flexible and can be used for both centralized and decentralized energy production. The main aim of this article is to compare different solar technologies and configurations for integration into the DH system. The multi-criteria analyses method is used to rank different alternatives based on several criterions. The evaluation of criterions has been based on previous studies conducted. The multi-criteria analyses allow to compare different solar system alternatives that cannot be compared directly due to differences in their scale, type of energy produced and con

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5

Korsakaite, Diana, Darius Bieksa, and Egle Bieksiene. "Third-party access in district heating: Lithuanian case analysis." Competition and Regulation in Network Industries 19, no. 3-4 (2018): 218–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1783591719837410.

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Transition from monopoly to competition-based markets is widely recognized processes around the globe when it comes to achieving efficient electricity and gas trade thus presenting direct benefits to the final energy consumers. But when talking about smaller infrastructures like district heating (DH) market is still viewed as a natural monopoly. This article presents Lithuanian case to open up existing municipal infrastructure to third-party access in order to complete fuel switch in DH generation faster and to increase efficiency of the entire system through competitive pressure. The article

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Latosov, Eduard, Anna Volkova, Andres Siirde, Martin Thalfeldt, and Jarek Kurnitski. "The Impact of Parallel Energy Consumption on the District Heating Networks." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 1 (2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0001.

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Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the impacts of heat recovery ventilation (HRV) and exhaust air heat pump (EAHP)-based solutions used in renovated buildings, which make it possible to reach performance class C in district heating (DH) area CO2 emissions, primary energy consumption and total energy costs for consumers. Evaluation is based on the methodology presented in the previous research paper [1]. Calculation results show that the use of EAHP has a negative impact on DH sustainability (heat losses in the DH network, DH heat price, reduced consumption of DH heat) an

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7

Kontu, Kaisa, Jussi Vimpari, Petri Penttinen, and Seppo Junnila. "City Scale Demand Side Management in Three Different-Sized District Heating Systems." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123370.

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Demand side management can add flexibility to a district heating (DH) system by balancing the customer’s hourly fluctuating heat demand. The aim of this study is to analyze how different demand side management control strategies, implemented into different customer segments, impact DH production. A city scale heat demand model is constructed from the hourly heat consumption data of different customer segments. This model is used to build several demand side management scenarios to examine the effect of them on both, the heat producer, and the customers. The simulations are run for three differ

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8

Grzegórska, Anna, Piotr Rybarczyk, Valdas Lukoševičius, Joanna Sobczak, and Andrzej Rogala. "Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020314.

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The purpose of this review is to provide insight and a comparison of the current status of district heating (DH) systems for selected Baltic Sea countries (Denmark, Germany, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden), especially from viewpoints of application and solutions of novel smart asset management (SAM) approaches. Furthermore, this paper considers European projects ongoing from 2016, involving participants from the Baltic Sea Region, concerning various aspects of DH systems. The review presents the energy sources with particular attention to renewable energy sources (RES), distric

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9

Grzegórska, Anna, Piotr Rybarczyk, Valdas Lukoševičius, Joanna Sobczak, and Andrzej Rogala. "Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020314.

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The purpose of this review is to provide insight and a comparison of the current status of district heating (DH) systems for selected Baltic Sea countries (Denmark, Germany, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden), especially from viewpoints of application and solutions of novel smart asset management (SAM) approaches. Furthermore, this paper considers European projects ongoing from 2016, involving participants from the Baltic Sea Region, concerning various aspects of DH systems. The review presents the energy sources with particular attention to renewable energy sources (RES), distric

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10

Hawkey, David J. C. "District Heating in the UK: Prospects for a Third National Programme." Science & Technology Studies 27, no. 3 (2014): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55315.

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The UK has seen periodic attempts to develop large district heating (DH) networks to make use of residual heat from industry and power generation. Under concerns about climate change and energy security, DH has recently re-emerged in policy visions for future heat systems with small decentralised combined heat and power (CHP) generators playing a key role in the establishment of such networks. This paper draws on Stewart Russell’s accounts of earlier DH programmes, asking to what extent the reasons he concluded CHP and DH were systematically excluded continue to marginalise the technologies. I

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11

Zajacs, Aleksandrs, Anatolijs Borodinecs, and Nikolai Vatin. "Environmental Impact of District Heating System Retrofitting." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (2021): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091110.

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Retrofitting of district heating systems is a comprehensive process which covers all stages of district heating (DH) systems: production, distribution and consumption. This study quantitatively shows the effect of retrofitting measures and represents strengths and weaknesses of different development scenarios. Improvements in production units show improvements in fuel use efficiency and thus indirectly reduce CO2 emissions due to unburned fuel. For this purpose, validated district planning tools have been used. Tool uses mathematical model for calculation and evaluation of all three main compo

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12

Schuchardt, Georg K. "Integration of Decentralized Thermal Storages Within District Heating (DH) Networks." Environmental and Climate Technologies 18, no. 1 (2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2016-0009.

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Abstract Thermal Storages and Thermal Accumulators are an important component within District Heating (DH) systems, adding flexibility and offering additional business opportunities for these systems. Furthermore, these components have a major impact on the energy and exergy efficiency as well as the heat losses of the heat distribution system. Especially the integration of Thermal Storages within ill-conditioned parts of the overall DH system enhances the efficiency of the heat distribution. Regarding an illustrative and simplified example for a DH system, the interactions of different heat s

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13

Guzzini, Alessandro, Marco Pellegrini, Edoardo Pelliconi, and Cesare Saccani. "Low Temperature District Heating: An Expert Opinion Survey." Energies 13, no. 4 (2020): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040810.

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Among the available solutions for building heating and cooling, district heating (DH) and district cooling (DC) systems are considered some of the best options since they can ensure a better control of pollutant emissions and greater efficiency than individual systems. Nevertheless, improvements are needed to increase their sustainability and reliability. The so-called “low temperature district heating” (LTDH) concept has been introduced in recent years in an attempt (i) to reduce the distribution heat losses through a temperature decrease in the DH network, (ii) to favor the integration with

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14

Al Koussa, Jad, Rutger Baeten, Nico Robeyn, and Robbe Salenbien. "A multipurpose test rig for district heating substations: domestic hot water preparation and keep-warm function comparison." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106012.

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A well performing District Heating Substation (DHS) is crucial for the efficiency of the District Heating (DH), especially with the shift towards low temperature 4th generation DH systems. For this reason, testing and characterization of commercially available DHSs becomes important to estimate their effect on the DH network. Within the thermo-technical laboratory of EnergyVille, a multipurpose test rig has been built for testing DHSs. In this setup, different DH conditions and heat demand profiles for space heating and for Domestic Hot Water (DHW) can be emulated. Independent tests have been

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15

Blanco, Ignacio, Daniela Guericke, Anders Andersen, and Henrik Madsen. "Operational Planning and Bidding for District Heating Systems with Uncertain Renewable Energy Production." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123310.

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In countries with an extended use of district heating (DH), the integrated operation of DH and power systems can increase the flexibility of the power system, achieving a higher integration of renewable energy sources (RES). DH operators can not only provide flexibility to the power system by acting on the electricity market, but also profit from the situation to lower the overall system cost. However, the operational planning and bidding includes several uncertain components at the time of planning: electricity prices as well as heat and power production from RES. In this publication, we prop

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16

Hedegaard, Rasmus Elbæk, Martin Heine Kristensen, and Steffen Petersen. "Experimental validation of a model-based method for separating the space heating and domestic hot water components from smart-meter consumption data." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 12001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017212001.

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Smart meters are currently being rolled out in European district heating (DH) systems at a large scale to enable time-varying district heating tariffs and improve consumer awareness about their own consumption. Smart-meter data can also be used in more advanced applications, e.g. for establishing model-based control schemes for demand response purposes and data-driven building energy performance labeling schemes. Many of these applications require separate measurements of the consumption for space heating (SH) and preparation of domestic hot water (DHW); however, smart meters often only provid

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17

Månsson, Sara, Marcus Thern, Per-Olof Johansson Kallioniemi, and Kerstin Sernhed. "A Fault Handling Process for Faults in District Heating Customer Installations." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113169.

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Faults in district heating (DH) customer installations cause high return temperatures, which have a negative impact on both current and future district heating systems. Thus, there is a need to detect and correct these faults soon after they occur to minimize their impact on the system. This paper, therefore, suggests a fault handling process for the detection and elimination of faults in DH customer installations. The fault handling process is based on customer data analysis since many faults manifest in customer data. The fault handling process was based on an analysis of the results from th

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18

Nielsen, Steffen, Kenneth Hansen, Rasmus Lund, and Diana Moreno. "Unconventional Excess Heat Sources for District Heating in a National Energy System Context." Energies 13, no. 19 (2020): 5068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195068.

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District heating (DH) is an important technology in future smart energy systems as it allows for an efficient implementation of various renewable energy sources. As DH develops towards lower temperatures and renewable electricity production increases, new types of heat sources become relevant. Thus, the aim of this article is to assess the potential for utilizing four unconventional excess heat (UEH) sources in DH systems, namely: Data centers, wastewater treatment, metros and service sector buildings. The main method used to assess the UEH potentials is an energy system analysis focusing on t

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19

Weidlich, Ingo, and Georg K. Schuchardt (neé Bestrzynski). "New Approach for Asset Management in District Heating (DH) Networks." Energy Procedia 113 (May 2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.04.007.

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20

Chicherin, Stanislav, Lyazzat Junussova, Timur Junussov, and Chingiz Junussov. "Comparing strategies for improving thermal performance of an existing district heating (DH) network: low temperature DH in Omsk, Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 173 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017303001.

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In Russia district heating (DH) systems are characterized by the high wear-out rate of key facilities, particularly energy distribution networks and plants, the inadequate reliability of operation, significant heat losses, and the polluting impact on the environment. The objective of this paper is to indicate the feasibility and advantage of the renovation on a traditional high-temperature DH network. All the calculations are performed in Zulu©, Russian commercial software for simulation of a district energy system’s behavior. Reference operational data for the DH system was obtained from data

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21

Marijuan, Antonio Garrido, Roberto Garay, Mikel Lumbreras, Víctor Sánchez, Olga Macias, and Juan Perez Sainz De Rozas. "RELaTED Project: New Developments on Ultra-Low Temperature District Heating Networks." Proceedings 65, no. 1 (2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020065008.

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District heating networks deliver around 13% of the heating energy in the EU, being considered as a key element of the progressive decarbonization of Europe. The H2020 REnewable Low TEmperature District project (RELaTED) seeks to contribute to the energy decarbonization of these infrastructures through the development and demonstration of the following concepts: reduction in network temperature down to 50 °C, integration of renewable energies and waste heat sources with a novel substation concept, and improvement on building-integrated solar thermal systems. The coupling of renewable thermal s

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22

Romanchenko, Dmytro, Emil Nyholm, Mikael Odenberger, and Filip Johnsson. "Flexibility Potential of Space Heating Demand Response in Buildings for District Heating Systems." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152874.

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Using an integrated demand-supply optimization model, this work investigates the potential for flexible space heating demand, i.e., demand response (DR), in buildings, as well as its effects on the heating demand and the operation of a district heating (DH) system. The work applies a building stock description, including both residential and non-residential buildings, and employs a representation of the current DH system of the city of Gothenburg, Sweden as a case study. The results indicate that space heating DR in buildings can have a significant impact on the cost-optimal heat supply of the

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23

Geletukha, G. G., V. G. Kramar, Y. M. Oliynyk та V. O. Antonenko. "ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITIES FOR SAVING AND DEVELOPMENT OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS ІN UKRAINE". Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 41, № 1 (2018): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2019.7.

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Purpose of the paper is to analyze the main causes leading to the destruction of DH systems in Ukraine, as well as the search for ways to modernize the existing worn-out DH system. After comparison of DH and individual systems, it was concluded that in order to retain the leading positions, the DH should generate heat significantly (by 20-40%) cheaper than individual systems. Several technical measures have been examined in detail and evaluated, namely: transition to cheaper fuels, in particular biomass; transition to technologies that are more efficient for generation of thermal energy (CHP,

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Djurić Ilić, Danica. "Classification of Measures for Dealing with District Heating Load Variations—A Systematic Review." Energies 14, no. 1 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010003.

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The highly varying character of district heating (DH) demand results in low capacity utilization of the DH plants, as well as increased use of fossil fuels during peak demand. The aim of this study is to present an overview and a comprehensive classification of measures intended to manage these load variations. A systematic literature review was conducted based on previously defined search strings as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two scientific databases were used as data sources. Based on 96 detected publications, the measures were categorized as (1) complementing DH production in

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25

Yoon, Sungmin, Youngwoong Choi, Jabeom Koo, Yejin Hong, Ryunhee Kim, and Joowook Kim. "Virtual Sensors for Estimating District Heating Energy Consumption under Sensor Absences in a Residential Building." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 6013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226013.

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District heating (DH) is an energy efficient building heating system that entails low primary energy consumption and reduced environmental impact. The estimation of the required heating load provides information for operators to control district heating systems (DHSs) efficiently. It also yields historical datasets for intelligent management applications. Based on the existing virtual sensor capabilities to estimate physical variables, performance, etc., and to detect the anomaly detection in building energy systems, this paper proposes a virtual sensor-based method for the estimation of DH en

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26

Zhao, Jing, and Yu Shan. "An Influencing Parameters Analysis of District Heating Network Time Delays Based on the CFD Method." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071297.

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With the expansion of cities, district heating (DH) networks are playing an increasingly important role. The energy consumption due to the time delay caused by the transport of the medium in the DH network is enormous, especially in large networks. The study of time delay is necessary for the operation and optimization of DH networks. Compared with previous studies of constant flow rates and ideal pipeline (without regard to branches, elbows, variable pipe diameters, etc), this paper simulates a DH network in Tianjin University, China, by establishing the actual engineering model in a Computat

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27

Yi, Joong Yong, Kyung Min Kim, Jongjun Lee, and Mun Sei Oh. "Exergy Analysis for Utilizing Latent Energy of Thermal Energy Storage System in District Heating." Energies 12, no. 7 (2019): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071391.

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The thermal energy storage (TES) system stores the district heating (DH) water when the heating load is low. Since a TES system stores heat at atmospheric pressure, the DH water temperature of 115 °C has to be lowered to less than 100 °C. Therefore, the temperature drop of the DH water results in thermal loss during storage. In addition, the DH water must have high pressure to supply heat to DH users a long distance from the CHP plant. If heat is to be stored in the TES system, a pressure drop in the throttling valve occurs. These exergy losses, which occur in the thermal storage process of th

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28

Latosov, Eduard, Anna Volkova, Andres Siirde, Jarek Kurnitski, and Martin Thalfeldt. "Methodological Approach to Determining the Effect of Parallel Energy Consumption on District Heating System." Environmental and Climate Technologies 19, no. 1 (2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2017-0001.

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Abstract District heating (DH) offers the most effective way to enhance the efficiency of primary energy use, increasing the share of renewable energy in energy consumption and decreasing the amount of CO2 emissions. According to Article 9 section 1 of the Directive 2010/31/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings, the Member states of the European Union are obligated to draw up National Plans for increasing the number of nearly zero-energy buildings [1]. Article 2 section 2 of the same Directive states that the energy used in nearl

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29

Liao, Chun Hui, Zhi Gang Zhou, and Jia Ning Zhao. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Minimum Extraction Ratio for Coal-Fired CHP Plants." Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (January 2014): 1052–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.1052.

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For evaluating the performance of combined heat and power district heating (CHP-DH) system, some thermodynamic indicators of CHP system, include energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, RPES and RAI, are introduced in this paper. Based on two condensed and heating dual purpose plants, the values of these indicators are calculated with different extraction ratio. The results show that RAI and RPES are more reasonable to be used to assess CHP-DH system and there is a minimum extraction ratio for each unit, which is 0.4 for given plants in this paper, to keep CHP-DH beneficial compared with separate

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30

Heymann, Martin, Karin Rühling, and Clemens Felsmann. "Integration of Solar Thermal Systems into District Heating – DH System Simulation." Energy Procedia 116 (June 2017): 394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.086.

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Milić, Vlatko, Shahnaz Amiri, and Bahram Moshfegh. "A Systematic Approach to Predict the Economic and Environmental Effects of the Cost-Optimal Energy Renovation of a Historic Building District on the District Heating System." Energies 13, no. 1 (2020): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010276.

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The economic and environmental performance of a district heating (DH) system is to a great extent affected by the size and dynamic behavior of the DH load. By implementing energy efficiency measures (EEMs) to increase a building’s thermal performance and by performing cost-optimal energy renovation, the operation of the DH system will be altered. This study presents a systematic approach consisting of building categorization, life cycle cost (LCC) optimization, building energy simulation and energy system optimization procedures, investigating the profitability and environmental performance of

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Soltero, Víctor, Ricardo Chacartegui, Carlos Ortiz, and Gonzalo Quirosa. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Rural 4th Generation Biomass District Heating." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123287.

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Biomass heating networks provide renewable heat using low carbon energy sources. They can be powerful tools for economy decarbonization. Heating networks can increase heating efficiency in districts and small size municipalities, using more efficient thermal generation technologies, with higher efficiencies and with more efficient emissions abatement technologies. This paper analyzes the application of a biomass fourth generation district heating, 4GDH (4th Generation Biomass District Heating), in a rural municipality. The heating network is designed to supply 77 residential buildings and eigh

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Vigants, Edgars, Toms Prodanuks, Girts Vigants, Ivars Veidenbergs, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Modelling of Technological Solutions to 4th Generation DH Systems." Environmental and Climate Technologies 20, no. 1 (2017): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rtuect-2017-0007.

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Abstract Flue gas evaporation and condensing processes are investigated in a direct contact heat exchanger - condensing unit, which is installed after a furnace. By using equations describing processes of heat and mass transfer, as well as correlation coherences for determining wet gas parameters, a model is formed to create a no-filling, direct contact heat exchanger. Results of heating equipment modelling and experimental research on the gas condensing unit show, that the capacity of the heat exchanger increases, when return temperature of the district heating network decreases. In order to

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Diaz, Fabian, Ieva Pakere, and Francesco Romagnoli. "Life Cycle Assessment of Low Temperature District Heating System in Gulbene Region." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 2 (2020): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0073.

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AbstractNew district heating system technologies have arisen in the last years to deliver economic and environmental benefits to residential and commercial buildings. The extensive ranges of equipment, energy sources, temperature profile configurations, size of the network, energy demand, and many other intrinsic variables, make it difficult to identify if a determined district heating option is potentially better than another in environmental terms. As for the economic evaluation, there are several tools decision-makers can rely on to assess environmental performance. The main challenge is to

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Kjellerup, B. V., B. H. Olesen, J. L. Nielsen, B. Frølund, S. Ødum, and P. H. Nielsen. "Monitoring and characterisation of bacteria in corroding district heating systems using fluorescence in situ hybridisation and microautoradiography." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 5 (2003): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0295.

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Presence of biofilm and biocorrosion has been observed in Danish district heating (DH) systems despite very good water quality that was expected to prevent significant microbial growth. The microbiological water quality was investigated in order to identify the dominating bacterial groups on surfaces with corrosion problems. Water samples from 29 DH systems were investigated for the total number of bacteria and presence of sulphate reducing bacteria (SRBs). SRBs were found to be present in more than 80% of the DH systems. The microbial population in samples from 2 DH systems (biofilm from a te

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Lepiksaar, Kertu, Anna Volkova, Pavel Ruseljuk, and Andres Siirde. "The effect of the District Heating Return Temperature Reduction on Flue Gas Condenser Efficiency." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 3 (2020): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0083.

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AbstractThe use of flue gas condensers proved to be effective in increasing boiler efficiency and achieving primary energy savings. The transition to the 4th generation district heating will lead to temperature reduction in district heating networks. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of the reduction in the district heating return temperature on flue gas condenser efficiency. Different DH return temperatures and fuel moisture contents were examined, and a calculation model was created. The results show that a reduction in district heating return temperature can lead to an incre

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Büchele, Richard, Lukas Kranzl, Michael Hartner, and Jeton Hasani. "Opportunities and Challenges of Future District Heating Portfolios of an Austrian Utility." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102457.

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In this paper, opportunities and challenges of concrete portfolio options of an Austrian district heating (DH) supplier are assessed against the background of current challenges of the DH sector. The following steps are performed: (1) analysis of status quo; (2) analysis of current and possible future economic framework conditions; (3) definition of four concrete future portfolio options for investment planning until the year 2030; (4) modeling of status quo and future portfolios together with the respective framework conditions in a linear dispatch optimization model; and (5) perform techno-e

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Spirito, Giulia, Alice Dénarié, Fabrizio Fattori, Mario Motta, Samuel Macchi, and Urban Persson. "Potential Diffusion of Renewables-Based DH Assessment through Clustering and Mapping: A Case Study in Milano." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092627.

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This work aims at developing a methodology for the assessment of district heating (DH) potential through the mapping of energy demand and waste heat sources. The presented method is then applied to the Metropolitan City of Milano as a case study in order to investigate the current and, especially, the future sustainability of DH with the foreseen building refurbishment and consequent heat demand reduction. The first step is the identification of the areas the most interesting from a heat density and an economic point of view through a clustering algorithm, in which lies the main novelty of the

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Castrillón Mendoza, Rosaura, Javier Rey Hernández, Eloy Velasco Gómez, Julio San José Alonso, and Francisco Rey Martínez. "Analysis of the Methodology to Obtain Several Key Indicators Performance (KIP), by Energy Retrofitting of the Actual Building to the District Heating Fuelled by Biomass, Focusing on nZEB Goal: Case of Study." Energies 12, no. 1 (2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12010093.

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In order to achieve the objectives of the European 20/20/20 strategy, and to obtain a greater energy efficiency, integration of renewable energies and the reduction of carbon emissions, a District Heating (DH) system has been designed by the University of Valladolid (UVa), Spain, one of the most important DH fed by biomass fuel in Spain, supplying heating and domestic hot water (DHW) to 31 buildings in Valladolid, the majority of them, educational buildings on the University Campus. The aims of this paper were to study the change from an energy system fueled by natural gas to District Heating

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Swing Gustafsson, Moa, Jonn Myhren, and Erik Dotzauer. "Life Cycle Cost of Heat Supply to Areas with Detached Houses—A Comparison of District Heating and Heat Pumps from an Energy System Perspective." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123266.

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There are different views on whether district heating (DH) or heat pumps (HPs) is or are the best heating solution in order to reach a 100% renewable energy system. This article investigates the economic perspective, by calculating and comparing the energy system life cycle cost (LCC) for the two solutions in areas with detached houses. The LCC is calculated using Monte Carlo simulation, where all input data is varied according to predefined probability distributions. In addition to the parameter variations, 16 different scenarios are evaluated regarding the main fuel for the DH, the percentag

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Li, Haoran, and Natasa Nord. "Operation strategies to achieve low supply and return temperature in district heating system." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 05022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911105022.

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Low temperature is the most significant feature of the future district heating (DH) - the 4th generation district heating (4GDH). The revolutionary temperature level (50–55/25°C) will improve the efficiency of heat sources, thermal storages, and distribution systems, meanwhile, bring huge potentials to renewable energies. One challenge of transition to the future DH is the compatibility of current customer installations and the future temperature level. The aim of this study was to find the temperature potential of Norwegian residential buildings for the future DH system. A reference apartment

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Russell, S. "Writing energy history: explaining the neglect of CHP/DH in Britain." British Journal for the History of Science 26, no. 1 (1993): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400030120.

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It is inherent in the process of producing mechanical and hence electrical energy from a heat engine that much of the energy input is released as relatively low temperature heat. By various techniques it is possible to produce reject heat at a temperature useful for space heating or industrial process heating, giving a much higher overall efficiency of conversion and saving fuel over separate production of electricity and heat. Heat from combined heat and power (CHP) plant, or from another central source, can be piped in the form of hot water or steam to users' premises, in district heating (D

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Chicherin, Stanislav, Lyazzat Junussova, and Timur Junussov. "Study on the modernisation of an extra-worn district heating (DH) system in Russia: low temperature DH and 4 more options processing." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301011.

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Modeling was performed on the base of the DH system located in Omsk, Russia, where the DH network temperature requirements are not met and design outdoor temperature of extreme -37°C is. Surveyed investment in a transmission line to avoid penalties on disturbances is projected to have an original supply temperature of 150°C and is denoted as Case-1. The second idea (Case-2) envisages installing a heat pump and increasing the supply temperature in peak load periods during the heating season. The third option is to use of in-room terminal systems to provide heating to individual zones. Case-4 as

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Chicherin, Stanislav, Lyazzat Junussova, and Timur Junussov. "Advanced Control of a District Heating System with High Residential Domestic Hot Water Demand." E3S Web of Conferences 160 (2020): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016001004.

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Proper adjustment of domestic hot water (DHW) load structure can balance energy demand with the supply. Inefficiency in primary energy use prompted Omsk DH company to be a strong proponent of a flow controller at each substation. Here the return temperature is fixed to the lowest possible value and the supply temperature is solved. Thirty-five design scenarios are defined for each load deviation index with equally distributed outdoor temperature ranging from +8 for the start of a heating season towards extreme load at temperature of -26°C. All the calculation results are listed. If a flow cont

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Pakere, Ieva, Dace Lauka, and Dagnija Blumberga. "Estimation of Carbon Emission Reduction from Upgrading the DH Network to the 4th Generation. Multivariate Linear Regression Model." Environmental and Climate Technologies 23, no. 2 (2019): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2019-0055.

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Abstract The district heating (DH) system consists of three basic elements – a heat source, heating network and heat consumers. All of these elements have a definite role in the overall development of the DH system. The transition to 4th generation DH (4GDH) involves changes in each of those elements that interact with each other. Therefore, various related processes form the potential energy savings and reduction of CO2 emissions when introducing 4GDH as whole system in all elements. To estimate the potential outcome from such projects it requires complex engineering calculations, which is no

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Lee, Chulseung, Jaechan Park, Kangmun Lee, Ji Yeon Yang, and Taewoo Roh. "Energy Efficiency for Supplier and Sustainability for Demand: A Case of Heating Systems in South Korea." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (2019): 4216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154216.

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This paper addresses an analysis of a recent debate in South Korea on energy efficiencies between a combined heat and power system with district heating (CHP-DH) and separate heat and power system (SHP) by applying a scenario analysis technique. In accordance with the Low Carbon Green Growth strategy where the rise of social awareness for energy savings is imminent, various scenarios were considered including CHP-DH (excluding waste heat recovery) versus SHP and CHP-DH (including waste heat recovery) versus SHP. To analyze the satisfaction on energy efficiency of each heating system, nationwid

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Chicherin, Stanislav, Lyazzat Junussova, and Timur Junussov. "Minimizing the supply temperature at the district heating plant – dynamic optimization." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911802004.

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The constraint contains two elements, namely the heat losses and the electricity consumption for pumping at the producer. The aim was to achieve the lowest acceptable costs in an operation. The options with the supply temperature at the area starting point set to 80/60, then 60/40, and eventually 50/30 (low temperature, 4th generation district heating) were tested. The balance between the savings due to lower heat losses and the electricity consumption of pumps could be performed to assess the economic viability of the solution. This means that if the electricity price is sufficiently high, th

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Madan, Violeta, and Ingo Weidlich. "Investigation on Relative Heat Losses and Gains of Heating and Cooling Networks." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (2021): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0035.

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Abstract The integration of district heating (DH) and cooling (DC) in the sustainable energy system of the future requires a significant reduction in operating temperatures. Supply temperatures below 70 °C are required for new 4th Generation DH. Main benefits are the use of low exergy heat sources and the reduction of heat losses. The reduction of heat losses is achieved by reducing the driving temperature difference between the medium pipe and the ground. The decrease of the return temperature level is limited by the consumer behaviour and the ground temperature level. As a consequence, the r

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Langroudi, Pakdad Pourbozorgi, and Ingo Weidlich. "Applicable Predictive Maintenance Diagnosis Methods in Service-Life Prediction of District Heating Pipes." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 3 (2020): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0104.

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AbstractMaintaining the supply chain in every industry is an important concern for the operators. The negative impacts of inappropriate maintenance could be discussed from different perspectives as well as capital loss, reputation loss, hazard and risk for lives, etc. In recent years, District heating (DH) in the countries that employing this technology broadly, turned to a vital energy infrastructure for delivering heat from suppliers to the consumers. Therefore, the reliability of the system is of high importance for the public interest. The transition from reactive maintenance to proactive

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Chicherin, Stanislav, Andrey Zhuikov, Mikhail Kolosov, Lyazzat Junussova, Madina Aliyarova, and Aliya Yelemanova. "The Impact of the Future Fluctuating Energy Consumption on a District Heating System: Case Study of Omsk and Krasnoyarsk Cities." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (2021): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0040.

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Abstract Temperature difference between supply and return distribution medium (water) is a vital factor when assessing the efficiency of a district heating (DH) substation. An accounting for fluctuations and differences of the heat consumption/generation is the key problem in planning DH system operation. The influence of the fluctuating energy consumption on a DH system was studied with actual data, using the DH systems of the Russian cities Krasnoyarsk and Omsk as a case study. Information is visualized in the form of graphs and charts, orderly and clearly comparing certain points. The data

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