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Miyazato, Ligia Gomes. "Histopatologia e imunoistoquímica na distrofia muscular do Golden Retriever /." Jaboticabal :, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104640.
Full textBanca: Maria de Jesus Veloso Soares
Banca: Marta Maria Circhia Pinto Luppi
Banca: Aureo Evangelista Santana
Banca: Marcia Rita Fernandes Machado
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi o de caracterizar lesões musculares em cães com Distrofia Muscular do golden retriever (DMGR), de diferentes idades, por análises histopatológica e imunoistoquímica. Foram utilizados vinte e cinco cães machos classificados e distribuídos em grupos de acordo com a idade: grupo I - distróficos até 1 ano; grupo II - distróficos acima de 1 ano; grupo III - controle até 1 ano; grupo IV - controle acima de 1 ano. Uma amostra de cada músculo foi fixada em solução de formol, processadas pelas técnicas usuais de inclusão em parafina, coradas com HE e TGM para análise histopatológica e processadas para a análise imunoistoquímica de linfócitos T-CD3+, antígeno MHC II e vimentina. Outras amostras foram congeladas em nitrogênio líquido e processadas pelas técnicas usuais para realização das reações imunoistoquímicas para marcação dos linfócitos T-CD4+, TCD8+ e do antígeno MHC I. Os resultados mostraram que as lesões nos músculos distróficos do grupo I foram moderadas comparativamente às do grupo II que foram severas. Nos músculos distróficos, os linfócitos T-CD3+, T-CD4+ e T-CD8+ concentravam-se nas áreas de degeneração e necrose. O número de linfócitos T-CD3+ e T-CD4+ foi significativamente maior (p < 0.05) em todos os músculos distróficos em comparação aos controles, demonstrando a participação dos linfócitos T na doença. O número de linfócitos T-CD8+ foi significativamente maior (p < 0.05) nos distróficos, exceto para os músculos sartório cranial no grupo I, diafragma e bíceps femoral no grupo II. A imunoexpressão do MHC I intensificou-se com a idade nos animais distróficos, ao contrário do MHC II que se manteve. A imunoexpressão da vimentina e do VEGF nos músculos distróficos foi discreta (escore 1) em todos os músculos avaliados. Destes resultados podemos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize the lesions in dystrophic muscles of DMGR dogs of different ages, by means of histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis. Twenty-five male dogs were classified and distributed into groups according to the age: Group I - dystrophic up to 1 year, group II - dystrophic over 1 year, group III - control up to 1 year, group IV - control over 1 year. One sample from each muscle was fixed in formalin solution, processed by usual techniques of paraffin embedding, stained with HE and TGM for histopathological purposes and processed for immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of T-lymphocytes CD3+, MHC II and vimentin. Other samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen, processed by usual techniques of freezing in order to perform the techniques of immunohistochemical labelling for CD4+ T-lymphocytes, T-CD8+ and MHC I. The results of histopathological analysis showed that the lesions in dystrophic muscles in the Group I were moderate compared to that ones in the Group II which were severe. The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ Tlymphocytes were more numerous in dystrophic muscles especially in areas of degeneration and necrosis. The number of CD3+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher (p <0.05) in all dystrophic muscles compared to controls demonstrating the involvement of T-lymphocytes in the disease. The number of CD8+ Tlymphocytes was found to be significantly higher (p <0.05) in dystrophics, except for the cranial sartorius muscles in the Group I and the diaphragm and biceps femoris in the Group II. The immunoexpression of MHC I increased with age in dystrophic animals, in contrast to MHC II that remained the same. The immunoexpression of vimentin and VEGF in the dystrophic muscles was mild (score 1) upon all muscles. From these results we can conclude that in dystrophic muscle immunoexpression of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Miyazato, Ligia Gomes [UNESP]. "Histopatologia e imunoistoquímica na distrofia muscular do Golden Retriever." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104640.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Fatec
O objetivo deste estudo foi o de caracterizar lesões musculares em cães com Distrofia Muscular do golden retriever (DMGR), de diferentes idades, por análises histopatológica e imunoistoquímica. Foram utilizados vinte e cinco cães machos classificados e distribuídos em grupos de acordo com a idade: grupo I – distróficos até 1 ano; grupo II – distróficos acima de 1 ano; grupo III - controle até 1 ano; grupo IV - controle acima de 1 ano. Uma amostra de cada músculo foi fixada em solução de formol, processadas pelas técnicas usuais de inclusão em parafina, coradas com HE e TGM para análise histopatológica e processadas para a análise imunoistoquímica de linfócitos T-CD3+, antígeno MHC II e vimentina. Outras amostras foram congeladas em nitrogênio líquido e processadas pelas técnicas usuais para realização das reações imunoistoquímicas para marcação dos linfócitos T-CD4+, TCD8+ e do antígeno MHC I. Os resultados mostraram que as lesões nos músculos distróficos do grupo I foram moderadas comparativamente às do grupo II que foram severas. Nos músculos distróficos, os linfócitos T-CD3+, T-CD4+ e T-CD8+ concentravam-se nas áreas de degeneração e necrose. O número de linfócitos T-CD3+ e T-CD4+ foi significativamente maior (p < 0.05) em todos os músculos distróficos em comparação aos controles, demonstrando a participação dos linfócitos T na doença. O número de linfócitos T-CD8+ foi significativamente maior (p < 0.05) nos distróficos, exceto para os músculos sartório cranial no grupo I, diafragma e bíceps femoral no grupo II. A imunoexpressão do MHC I intensificou-se com a idade nos animais distróficos, ao contrário do MHC II que se manteve. A imunoexpressão da vimentina e do VEGF nos músculos distróficos foi discreta (escore 1) em todos os músculos avaliados. Destes resultados podemos...
The purpose of this study was to characterize the lesions in dystrophic muscles of DMGR dogs of different ages, by means of histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis. Twenty-five male dogs were classified and distributed into groups according to the age: Group I - dystrophic up to 1 year, group II - dystrophic over 1 year, group III - control up to 1 year, group IV - control over 1 year. One sample from each muscle was fixed in formalin solution, processed by usual techniques of paraffin embedding, stained with HE and TGM for histopathological purposes and processed for immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of T-lymphocytes CD3+, MHC II and vimentin. Other samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen, processed by usual techniques of freezing in order to perform the techniques of immunohistochemical labelling for CD4+ T-lymphocytes, T-CD8+ and MHC I. The results of histopathological analysis showed that the lesions in dystrophic muscles in the Group I were moderate compared to that ones in the Group II which were severe. The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ Tlymphocytes were more numerous in dystrophic muscles especially in areas of degeneration and necrosis. The number of CD3+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher (p <0.05) in all dystrophic muscles compared to controls demonstrating the involvement of T-lymphocytes in the disease. The number of CD8+ Tlymphocytes was found to be significantly higher (p <0.05) in dystrophics, except for the cranial sartorius muscles in the Group I and the diaphragm and biceps femoris in the Group II. The immunoexpression of MHC I increased with age in dystrophic animals, in contrast to MHC II that remained the same. The immunoexpression of vimentin and VEGF in the dystrophic muscles was mild (score 1) upon all muscles. From these results we can conclude that in dystrophic muscle immunoexpression of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Brolio, Marina Pandolphi. "Acompanhamento clínico e morfológico da distrofia muscular do cão Golden Retriever (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-19082016-173709/.
Full textThe dog GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) is an excellent model to study the action of cell therapy for application to DMD - from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, which occurs in humans; clinic due to the similarity between the two. These diseases have in common the legacy recessive linked to chromosome X, and are caused by the absence of a protein called dystrophin, which is present in sarcolema of muscle fibers. The point of the structure of mutation in the dystrophin gene is responsible for the phenotype GRMD, and you can find individuais with c1inical features quite different from each other. Currently there is no specific treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and the studies on the c1inical development of muscular dystrophy and morphological aim, through constant assessments, establish a standardized phenotypic for these animais in order to monitor pre-clinical results properly and maintain a good quality of life for them so that they have conditions to be submitted to the protocols of cell therapy being developed as kennel GRMD Brazil, and with it, knowing clearly the effective action of cell therapy versus the morphological development of this progressive degenerative disease of dogs. It was checked the c1inical and morphological of 12 dogs GRMD, 06 females and 06 males, from birth to 12 months of age. Judging by the locomotive system, it was noted that among the first (five months old) and last assessment (12 months), there was a worsening trend with significant asymmetry in posture, increasing the angle of the tarsus and carpus, adduction of the members, decoupling of the pelvic belt, as well as changes in the mobility of active knees during the activity running. Reproductive assessment of dystrophic dogs indicated higher rates of abnormal sperm (defects larger and smaller) compared to normal dogs at 12 months of age, while females expressed sexual maturity to 09 months. The monthly blood monitoring showed values close to ideal for healthy dogs, and the examinations performed with the animais between six and twelve months of age were those who indicated major changes in relation to the baseline for the species. Average concentrations for red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were lower than the average for this age group. As for serum biochemical assessments, CK is an important tool for diagnosis and monitoring muscular dystrophy in dogs, due to its indisputable fluctuations and increases in individuais patients. AL T and AST also showed increases greatly above the normal values for ali ages evaluated. Finally, the cardiac parameters measured in dystrophics dogs were significantly different compared to those found in normal healthy dogs, but without the deficit in cardiac physiology GRMDs
Guimarães, Katia de Oliveira Pimenta. "Estudo morfológico do Sistema Nervoso Central de cães com Distrofia Muscular do Golden Retriever (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-10052016-111511/.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disorder caused by the mutation or deletion of the dystrophin gene, which is linked to chromosome X. Recent studies have shown the important role of dystrophin in the CNS, and its related defect with a variety of abnormalities in the function of CNS, such as behavior and cognitive dysfunction. The most suitable animals models for these studies are those with the most similar clinical picture to DMD found in humans, as Golden Retriever dogs with muscular dystrophy (GRMD). There are no further studies on the GRMD animal CNS, and the aim of this study was to analyze the morphology of the brain of GRMD and not dystrophic animals through macroscopic analysis using measurement and photographic registration methods, and microscopic analysis using the modified cresyl violet staining technique. However, using the proposed methodology, we could not find significant differences in the brain when comparing the dystrophic animals and non-dystrophic, which is in agreement with the literature for DMD using the same parameters. In time, there is individual variation in dog brain morphology, whether they are animals of the dystrophic group or controls. Other techniques should be applied in order to elucidate the consequences of the total or partial absence of dystrophin in the CNS
Machado, Thaís Peixoto Gaiad. "Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) como modelo morfofuncional da reparação tecidual na Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-10082010-182213/.
Full textPhysiotherapy has been widely used as support treatment for muscular dystrophies. Its effect on dystrophic muscle and global function should be better understood to guide treatments. This study aims to understand the role of motor physical therapy on muscular collagen deposition and some kinematics and dynamical parameters of gait of the Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) model. Five GRMD dogs with the same age had fragments of biceps femoralis collected by biopsy for light microscopy and Immunohistochemistry analysis. Gait of the dogs were video recording for kinematics analysis and Ground Reaction Forces (GRF) in vertical (Fy), craniocaudal (Fx) and mediolateral (Fz) direction were collect using a Force Plate Kistler AG (9287A/100Hz) and normalized for body weight. Two animals (therapy dogs: TD) underwent a protocol which consisted of velocity controlled walking activity in an area of 288 meters total length, 3 times/week per 12 weeks. Control dogs (CD) maintained their daily routine. Zero time (t0) is considered at collect I (n=5) and time after therapy (t1) - collect II. Statistical analysis considered p<.01. Immunohistochemistry anticollagen types I, III (Calbiochem®) and IV (Bioreagents®) were performed. Histopathology features were observed at t0. CD presented hypercontracted fibers that were not observed on TD at t1. Collagen types I and III were the most increased ones. At t1, thicker tracts of collagen type I were observed at the endomysium of TD compared to t0. GRMD dogs presented slow velocity of gait (0.64 m.s-1) at t0 and there were a decrease of this velocity of TD at t1 (0.45 m.s-1). Hip ROM was decrease at t1 (p<.0001), as well as the shoulder ROM (p<.05) for TD. Stifle and Carpal ROM presented the highest active ROM during gait of dystrophic dogs. Fy of thoracic and pelvic limbs at t1 of TD and CD was higher than t0. CD presented increase of support time of thoracic limbs at t1 (49 to 53%). Propulsive force (Fx-) of GRMD dogs were decrease at t0, with no effect of physical therapy. Medial force (Fz+) of TD thoracic limbs were higher at t1 when compared to CD (p<.0001). TD presents less muscular flexibility and regeneration when compared to CD. Functionally, the muscular weakness of dystrophic dogs reflects a gait with slow velocity, overloaded and difficulty to goes forward. Moreover, TD presented lower range of motion of the proximal joints when compared to t0. The applied motor physical therapy accelerates the morphological alterations on dystrophic muscle without stop the gait disorders of the canine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Luppi, Marta Maria Círchia Pinto. "Avaliação andrológica de cães da raça Golden Retriever sadios e afetados pela distrofia muscular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-12042007-171453/.
Full textThe aim of the present research was to evaluate the reproductive condition of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy. Breeding soundness examination was performed in 11 male dogs aged between 10 months and 4 years. Seven of this total were affected by muscular dystrophy and 4 healthy dogs that served as control. All dogs were submitted to a through physical exam, seminal evaluation and ultrasound of the reproductive tract. Testicle and spermatic cord morphology of post-mortem dogs were also examined. The following alterations were observed for the affected dogs: muscular atrophy, stiff walk, aspiration pneumonia, diaphragmatic fragility with stomach projection to the torax, megaesophagus e dilated cardiomyopathy. In relation to the genital tract, two dogs presented with bilateral cryptorchidism. Semen evaluation revealed high percentage of major and total sperm defects in affected dogs. Ultrasonographic exams were similar among healthy and affected dogs. Histophatology of the testicle and cremaster muscle revealed morphologic alterations in affected dogs represented by degeneration and muscular retraction with miocyte hyalinization, respectively. In conclusion, affected Golden Retriever dogs have their reproductive performance compromised by the muscular dystrophy.
Catelli, Alida Abatemarco. "Alterações do tubo digestório de cães da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-03012007-164231/.
Full textThe experimental dog model Golden Retriever affected by muscular dystrophy (GRMD) is the most appropriate substitute among animal models to study Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. The main clinical signs observed in affected dogs are dysfagy, tongue hypertrophy, progressive weight loss, weakness, splaying of the limbs and contractures. The disease is due to the absence of dystrophin, a transmembrane muscle protein, which has a vital role on the maintence of structure and function of the muscle cell. GRMD doesn?t affect only skeletal muscle, also acted including in the digestory tract function, since the smooth muscle corresponds to0 the primary component of the digestive tube. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through of morphologic studies, if the muscular dystrophy affects the general architecture of digestory tract and how is arranged its muscular structure. There were evaluated the tubular viscera of GRMD affected dogs, through gross and light microscopic description, stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin, Masson trichrome and Picrossirus technique. Jointly, nine GRMD affected dogs were submitted on evaluation of the establishment of a new alimentary management, during a year, directed to the correction of problems involved on the dysphagy of dystrophic dog. The esophagus and the stomach presented the most affected portions. Muscle fibers presents varied diameter and were intermixed with abundant connective tissue, fibroblast and mononuclear infiltrate. The esophagus presents severe alterations, reflecting on its functionability, and leading to secondary megaesophagus, due to total constitution of striated muscle. The gut doesn?t presented significative histopathologic alterations. There was observed difference of severity between lesions that occurs on the striated muscle and the smooth muscle, and this fact could be due to the distinct distribution of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex that occurs in these types of muscles. In this way, the absence of dystrophin was inclined to be less critical to the function of the intestine smooth muscle than of the skeletal striated muscle. The stomach smooth muscle presented more affected than the intestine smooth muscle, being explained to the fact of the first to suffer more contraction and distention cycles, which results in increase of collagen area on the muscle tissue and consequently, loss of its architecture. On the GRMD affected dog, the apprehension is a critical phase. There were significative answers on new management, since those phases was substituted by human relief. The mechanic regurgitation was inclined to zero and seems to decrease the excessive energetic caloric burned. The way which was offered the food and water warned the occurrences of aspiration pneumonia. The amount of water added to dry food was enough to hidric maintenance. The present management determined weight maintenance, absence of clinic dehydration and absence of death, being indicated as basal management to be applied on the dysphagy and secondary megaesophagus acquired in the muscular dystrophy. Concluding, the management adequately directed became especially important to warn complications and reflects on maintenance of the balance and strength of immune system, consequently, support in front of the disease, given then life with quality
Martins, Isabela Mancini [UNESP]. "Importância dos mastócitos na patogênese da distrofia muscular de Duchenne em cães Golden Retriever." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136039.
Full textO cão Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) é o melhor modelo natural da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) com manifestações genotípicas e fenotípicas semelhantes à doença humana. Como nos afetados pela DMD, a proliferação progressiva de tecido conectivo no endomísio das fibras musculares ocorre em paralelo ao curso clínico da doença nos animais GRMD. Estudos indicam a relação dos mastócitos com a deposição de tecido fibroso devido a liberação de seus mediadores que ativam os fibroblastos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi o de avaliar a expressão dos mastócitos e sua possível relação com as lesões musculares e fibrose em cães GRMD de diferentes idades. Foram utilizados fragmentos de quatro grupos musculares esqueléticos (masseter, diafragma, tríceps braquial e bíceps femoral) de dez cães entre dois a oito meses de idade sendo seis afetados e quatro controles. As amostras foram processadas por técnicas usuais de histologia, coradas com hematoxilina e eosina, azul de toluidina para verificar a expressão dos mastócitos e tricrômio de Azan para a evidenciação e quantificação da fibrose. Em todos os grupos musculares dos cães GRMD o infiltrado de mastócitos apresentou aumento significativo comparado ao grupo controle. O número médio de mastócitos diminuiu com a idade dos cães GRMD. Todos os grupos musculares apresentaram aumento significativo na quantidade de tecido colagenoso em relação ao grupo controle. A deposição de tecido fibroso diminuiu de acordo com a idade dos animais. Dos resultados afere-se que o aumento da degranulação dos mastócitos ocorreu em cães GRMD mais jovens (2 meses) fato que potencializou o aumento na deposição de tecido fibroso nas fibras musculares que foi diminuindo gradativamente com o tempo e a idade dos animais. Outros estudos são necessários para esclarecer o papel dos mastócitos na patogênese da fibrose, a fim de contribuir no desenvolvimento de novas...
Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is the best natural model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with genotypic and phenotypic manifestations similar the human disease. As in to DMD patients, the progressive proliferation of connective tissue in the endomysium of the muscle fibers is parallel to the clinical course of disease in GRMD animals. Studies indicate the relationship of mast cells with the deposition of fibrous tissue due to the release of mediators that activate fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of mast cells and its possible relation with muscle injury and fibrosis in GRMD dogs at different ages. It was used fragments of four skeletal muscle groups (masseter, diaphragm, triceps brachial and biceps femoris) of ten dogs between two and eight months age, six affected and four controls. Samples were processed by usual techniques of histology, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue, to verify the expression of mast cells, and Azan trichrome for evaluation and quantification of fibrous. In all muscle groups of dogs GRMD the infiltration of mast cells increased significantly compared to control group. The average number of mast cells decreased with the age of GRMD dogs. All muscle groups showed a significant increase in the amount of collagenous tissue in the control group. The deposition of fibrous tissue decreased with the age of the animals. Possibly, the increase of mast cell degranulation and mediator release would occur in younger GRMD dogs (2 months), fact that potentiated the increase deposition of fibrous tissue in muscle fibers which was gradually decreasing over time and age of the animals. Other studies are needed to clarify the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in order to contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches and improve the life expectancy of humans and dogs affected by muscular dystrophy
Martins, Isabela Mancini. "Importância dos mastócitos na patogênese da distrofia muscular de Duchenne em cães Golden Retriever /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136039.
Full textBanca: Harumi de Castro Sasahara
Banca: Paula Fratini
Resumo: O cão Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) é o melhor modelo natural da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) com manifestações genotípicas e fenotípicas semelhantes à doença humana. Como nos afetados pela DMD, a proliferação progressiva de tecido conectivo no endomísio das fibras musculares ocorre em paralelo ao curso clínico da doença nos animais GRMD. Estudos indicam a relação dos mastócitos com a deposição de tecido fibroso devido a liberação de seus mediadores que ativam os fibroblastos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi o de avaliar a expressão dos mastócitos e sua possível relação com as lesões musculares e fibrose em cães GRMD de diferentes idades. Foram utilizados fragmentos de quatro grupos musculares esqueléticos (masseter, diafragma, tríceps braquial e bíceps femoral) de dez cães entre dois a oito meses de idade sendo seis afetados e quatro controles. As amostras foram processadas por técnicas usuais de histologia, coradas com hematoxilina e eosina, azul de toluidina para verificar a expressão dos mastócitos e tricrômio de Azan para a evidenciação e quantificação da fibrose. Em todos os grupos musculares dos cães GRMD o infiltrado de mastócitos apresentou aumento significativo comparado ao grupo controle. O número médio de mastócitos diminuiu com a idade dos cães GRMD. Todos os grupos musculares apresentaram aumento significativo na quantidade de tecido colagenoso em relação ao grupo controle. A deposição de tecido fibroso diminuiu de acordo com a idade dos animais. Dos resultados afere-se que o aumento da degranulação dos mastócitos ocorreu em cães GRMD mais jovens (2 meses) fato que potencializou o aumento na deposição de tecido fibroso nas fibras musculares que foi diminuindo gradativamente com o tempo e a idade dos animais. Outros estudos são necessários para esclarecer o papel dos mastócitos na patogênese da fibrose, a fim de contribuir no desenvolvimento de novas...
Abstract: Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is the best natural model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with genotypic and phenotypic manifestations similar the human disease. As in to DMD patients, the progressive proliferation of connective tissue in the endomysium of the muscle fibers is parallel to the clinical course of disease in GRMD animals. Studies indicate the relationship of mast cells with the deposition of fibrous tissue due to the release of mediators that activate fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of mast cells and its possible relation with muscle injury and fibrosis in GRMD dogs at different ages. It was used fragments of four skeletal muscle groups (masseter, diaphragm, triceps brachial and biceps femoris) of ten dogs between two and eight months age, six affected and four controls. Samples were processed by usual techniques of histology, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue, to verify the expression of mast cells, and Azan trichrome for evaluation and quantification of fibrous. In all muscle groups of dogs GRMD the infiltration of mast cells increased significantly compared to control group. The average number of mast cells decreased with the age of GRMD dogs. All muscle groups showed a significant increase in the amount of collagenous tissue in the control group. The deposition of fibrous tissue decreased with the age of the animals. Possibly, the increase of mast cell degranulation and mediator release would occur in younger GRMD dogs (2 months), fact that potentiated the increase deposition of fibrous tissue in muscle fibers which was gradually decreasing over time and age of the animals. Other studies are needed to clarify the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in order to contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches and improve the life expectancy of humans and dogs affected by muscular dystrophy
Mestre
Santos, Juliana Passos Alves dos. "Ultra-sonografia muscular cervical e pélvica de cães da raça Golden Retriever portadores e afetados pela Distrofia Muscular e em, terapia celular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-03042008-084404/.
Full textThe dogs Golden Retriever with Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) are considered experimental models for study of the Muscular Dystrophy of Duchenne that acomete human, and they are genetically homologue. We use the muscular ultrasound to evaluate the therapeutical evolution of injection of stem cells (SC). For this experiment we use 8, being 6 affected for disease and 2 not affected (carrying and male normal). We evaluate of qualitative form (visual) and quantitative (digital) the cervical muscles splenius and capitis semispinalis and the pelvic muscle semitendinosus and carry through muscular mensure. In relation to the cervical muscles we verify that it does not have visual alteration in the architecture of fibres, however the treat dog saw arterial presented minors props up in the digital analysis in relation the dog has controlled affected, leaving suspicion on the migration of SC in this muscular group. Splenius presented greater echogenicity that the muscle semispinalis capitis in 7 animals. For the muscle semitendinosus, the carrier presented high echogenicity; the affected ones had presented variable degrees of alteration of the muscular architecture and increase of echogenicity; the normal male presented regular fibres, however in some examinations he presented high echogenicity being able to be consequence of the transducer angle. How much to the mensure, it has difference between the affected ones and not affected for the muscle splenius and due to hypertrophy that affects the pelvic muscles, it was not possible to establish differences between the two groups. We conclude that the ultrasonography with transducers of up to 7,5 MHz is not viable to follow therapeutical evolution of injection of SC in muscles with the pseudohypertrophy of GRMD, had the severe modification of the architecture, not being possible the detention of probable repairs of the muscle.
Silveira, Mariana Póvoa. "Estudo morfoquantitativo do plexo mioentérico de cães afetados pela Distrofia Muscular do Golden Retriever (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-24032014-153646/.
Full textThe Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy is a hereditary myopathy, recessive and fatal. Clinical and pathological findings in the gastrointestinal tract of these dogs as muscle atrophy, megaesophagus, and gastric dilatation are reported, with possible changes in the enteric plexus. This work aims to analyze the cholinergic and nitrergic neurons of myenteric plexus, the P2X7 receptor expression and morphology of the ileum of dogs affected by muscular dystrophy compared to those of unaffected dogs. Tissues were prepared by immunohistochemical methods of labeling Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS), acetylcholine transferase (ChAT), the panneuronal anti-HuC / D and P2X7 receptor. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes of scores of labeling, density and of neuronal profiles area were obtained from Fluorescence Microscopes, Confocal Laser Scanning, and Transmission Electron Microscope. The results showed that NOS-(immunoreactive)ir and ChAT-ir neurons present morphology Dogiel Type I, their fibers colocalize with the P2X7 receptor and the intestinal muscles present pyknotic nuclei with increased amount of collagen fibers in the dystrophic group. The quantitative data showed: a) decrease in the neuronal area profile of NOS-ir and ChAT-ir neurons in the dystrophic group b) higher density of NOS-ir neurons in the dystrophic group. The present study added information about the chemical code of the myenteric plexus of dogs that can facilitate the understanding of intestinal disorders in these animals.
Schäfer, Bárbara Tavares. "Estudo do plexo mioentérico do cólon descendente de cães acometidos pela distrofia muscular (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-06112014-114436/.
Full textThe golden retriever muscular dystrophy is a hereditary degenerative disease characterized by muscle changes similar to those described in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, as well as by alterations in the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract. Some authors suggest that these abnormalities may be associated with intestinal motility. This study evaluated nitrergic and cholinergic neurons in the myenteric plexus of the descending colon of dogs with and without muscular dystrophy, in addition to P2X7 receptor expression. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to label nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and acetylcholine transferase (ChAT), as well as to label total HuC/D-immunoreactive neurons and neurons containing the P2X7 receptor. Transmission electron microscopy and basic histology were used for analysis. Results showed that nitrergic neurons tend to be larger in dystrophic dogs and to be characterized by Dogiel type I morphology, and neurons that express the P2X7 receptor colocalize with nitrergic and cholinergic neurons. Transmission and light microscopy revealed higher collagen density between muscle fibers, between circular and longitudinal muscle layers and within myenteric ganglia of affected dogs. These findings provide support for future research and treatment of the golden retriever muscular dystrophy and hence of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy and contribute to the understanding of the gastrointestinal disorders found in these patients.
Grando, Angélica Paula. "Ultra-sonografia abdominal e pélvica em cães da raça Golden Retriever sadios, portadores e afetados pela distrofia muscular progressiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-20062006-163208/.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the commonest inherited neuromuscular disease. This disease is an inherited recessive X -linked disorder and is characterized by muscle necrosis and regeneration. The most ftequent1y studied animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the mdx mouse, but, a dog model (Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy) with a similar mutation may be a superior model being closer phenotypically and genotypically to DMD. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography was performed in healthy Golden Retriever dogs, carriers and affected by gradual muscular dystrophy to verify similarities or differences among them. Ultrasonographic examination in affected dogs documented an enlarged liver, hepatic veins and pancreas; displaced organs; parenchyma coarser echotexture; decreased spleen, aorta, prostate gland and testes and content alterations in gallbladder and urinary bladder. Hyperechoic liver and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were documented in many healthy Golden Retriever dogs, carriers and affected by gradual muscular dystrophy.
Giglio, Robson Fortes. "Estudo longitudinal da densidade mineral óssea de cães normais, portadores e afetados pela distrofia muscular do Golden Retriever (D.M.G.R.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-25052007-085952/.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy in humans affecting 1 in 3,500 male births. Muscular dystrophy in Golden Retrievers appears to be an appropiate model of the human Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Radiographic Optical Densitometry is an analitic method to meansure bone mineral content. This technique was performed by right tíbia simple radiograph conjugated with an aluminium stepwedge. 5 helthy dogs, 5 female carriers and 5 male affected dogs by Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy were divided in 3 groups. Monthly, all the dogs were radiographed from 3-mouths until 9-mouths old. Radiographs were digitalized and analyzed by an image processing software (ImageLab, Softium), which compares the aluminium grey scale tonalities with a bone region analyzed obtaining with this the value of bone mineral density in aluminium milimeters (mmAl). The obtained results were statistically analyzed using the the procedure Proc Means of the program Statistical Analysis System 8.0 software. The epifisary region possess higher bone mineral density followed for the metafisary and diafisary regions, respectively, in the three evaluated groups during the experimental period and followed by the behavior of the corporeal weight. There was a trend of increase of the bone mineral density in the three evaluated regions of all three groups. The proximal metafisary region of tíbia demonstrated to be the best region of selection to evaluate the bone mineral density since it is place studied with less correlation with the corporeal weight and by promoting significant considered average estimates between groups evaluated earlier than other regions. The potential of diagnosis of this densitometric method in Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy was considered low, however this study demonstrated to have great potential in the accompanying the progress of this disease due to the high sensitivity for detection of bone mineral density changes.
Martins, Daniele dos Santos. "Caracterização de células tronco germinativas caninas para o tratamento da distrofia muscular do Golden Retriever (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-03042008-101036/.
Full textThe canine domesticity generated simultaneously in different parts of the World, that created, the begin of selection of many breeds. Since that time, dogs become to be used for different works, since follow men, that usufructed their convinience discovering most of the time that both are soffering the same ill. Dogs from the Golden Retriever breed presented a degenerative and genetically disease, homologous to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in human, the dystrophin gene affection; a muscle citosckeletical protein. A possibility way to supply a correct gene shape for the affected muscle could be from the stem cell therapy from embrionic stem cell, germ cells, umbilical cord blood cells, bone marrow and perific blood. Researches with animal models are showing sucess on the treatment with fetal stem cells or pluripotents ones in different types of cronic illness, then, we aimed a treatment of the Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy using embrionic germ cells meantime characterization and their use on cell therapy. Were uses 16 females crossbreed (SRD), bitches were selected by the vaginal cytology exams; females were artificially inseminated and after 30 days of pregancy, the animals were histectomized. Embryos were collected to stabilish embrionic germ cells, canine fibroblasts, muscle cells, which were analysed by flow cytometre, co culture and OCT-4 detection. The results showed the paramesonephic region of embryos with 22 days of pregnancy presents undifferentiate cells(germ cells), what differs from embryos with 24 days, which primitive kidneys presented differentianted types of cells. Under culture conditions, these cells formed compact colonies with high proliferative potential, but without capacity of maintenance after 30 days.
Souza, Carolina Costola de. "Existem interferências hormonais e modificações morfológicas das glândulas endócrinas tireóide e adrenais na evolução da Distrofia Muscular do cão Golden Retriever?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-01042011-162614/.
Full textNeuromuscular diseases are a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins muscle sarcolemma, sarcomeric, and cytosol. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive degenerative myopathy characterized by absence of dystrophin on the surface membrane of muscle cells. The Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) shows clinical similarities of DMD due to its size and significant muscle weakness, is genetically homologous to human DMD, and is considered an experimental model for studies of new therapeutic approaches and better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.There is not an effective therapy to block or reverse the process of muscular dystrophy yet. Although gene therapy and stem cell transplantation may provide a cure for DMD, positive results may take some time to be clinically viable.In this sense, the search for pathologic and physiologic information can be correlated with muscular dystrophy, and with the advancement of research there is room for improvement in the vital condition of the patient by delaying the progression of clinical signs or cure.There are a few studies in animals with endocrine dystrophy such as birds, and GRMD mdx as well as in man. By lack of data, there was a need to quantify and compare hormones, not yet analyzed, as well as evaluating the morphology of endocrine glands in experimental model GRMD. To make possible the hormonal correlation in the evolution of muscular dystrophy in dogs, blood tests were compared with normal dogs and carriers, all Golden Retrievers. Measurement of total triiodothyronine hormone (T3T), total thyroxine (T4T), the thyrotropin (TSH) and cortisol were processed using commercial kits for radioimmunoassay, and free thyroxine (FT4) with commercial kit by dialysis.The morphological analysis of adrenal and thyroid were made by macroscopic, light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of materials GRMD and healthy dogs. Anatomical and morphological glands were unaffected. Cortisol levels did not differ significantly between groups. The levels of total T3 was similar to the healthy animals, carriers and affected. The T4 presented at different levels in some groups. The free T4 did not differ significantly between groups. Serum TSH of most Golden Retriever, affected patients and healthy individuals, were below the limit presented by the reference values.
Brolio, Marina Pandolphi. "Morfofisiologia e imagologia do comportamento das fibras musculares lisas no modelo canino GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-12092016-111122/.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal neuromuscular disease, it is the most common muscular dystrophy caused by absence of dystrophin protein, an important component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, involving cell membranes of smooth, cardiac and skeletal cells, stabilizing these cells during contractions and relaxations. Because it is a genetic disorder linked to the X chromosome, it affects males, with rare cases of girls affected also reported. Individuals affected by DMD show significant changes in body composition, compared with the normal population. Golden retriever dogs who have muscular dystrophy (GRMD) represent the best animal model for therapeutic trials in the treatment of DMD,; these animals are fundamental to the study of the development of this anomaly, due to the fact that they show clinical symptoms and genes homologous to the human patients. The similarity between the two diseases is staggering; both are characterized by early degenerative myopathy with progressive necrosis, phagocytosis, calcium deposition and endomysial and perimysial fibrosis. The main focus of this thesis was to answer questions about the behavior of smooth muscles of dystrophic animals and carriers of GRMD, to know the effects of the disease in this tissue type. For evaluation of uterine smooth muscle we utilized four uteri of golden retriever healthy bitches, five uteri of gene carriers and four uteri of animals affected by GRMD. Analyzing the uterine photomicrographs of the groups we note that there are no morphological differences in conventional histological studies. However, when we analyze the polarized photomicrographs, we note that in healthy bitches we can see only collagen type III of greenish color. As regards the carriers of the GRMD gene, there is predominantly red collagen , type I, and very little green, type III. Photomicrographs of females affected by GRMD found type III collagen inside the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium and collagen type I in vascular epithelium, but both in a very little quantity. It is possible to visualize collagen between muscle fibers by polarized light. For the assessment of nutrient digestibility in dogs GRMD and its absorptive capacity, we used nine GRMD, seven carriers females and ten healthy animals and all of them received the same diet with added chromic oxide. The experimental period consisted of an interval of 10 days, with the first five days to adaptation and the last ones to sample collection. The apparent digestibility coefficients obtained by the groups were compared and analyzed; the results showed that dogs with GRMD evaluated showed no reduction in energy utilization. The experimental period consisted of an interval of 10 days, with the first five days to adaptation and the last of them to sample collection. The apparent digestibility coefficients obtained by the groups were compared and analyzed; the results showed that dogs with GRMD evaluated showed no reduction in nutritional absorption. New research to assess energy expenditure and body composition in these animals are needed to a better understanding of the mechanisms involving reduction and weight loss they present. For the assessment of gastrointestinal transit time (TTGI) in golden retriever dogs healthy carriers and affected by GRMD 18 dogs divided into three groups were used - healthy animals, carriers and affected by GRMD, with six dogs each. The animals were placed in individual cages and were fed the same diet; polyethylene spheres (BIPS) impregnated with barium were supplied during feeding. Each animal received 10 markers large size (5mm diameter) and 30 markers small size (1.5mm diameter). Radiographs were taken in the moments before (baseline) the 1 st meal, to confirm the absence of food and fecal content in the gastrointestinal tract and after feeding at two-hour intervals until markers reach the colon. Results indicated that GRMD dogs evaluated showed TTGI faster when compared to the other groups. This thesis has shown that the smooth muscles of dystrophic dogs are, in many ways, affected by the disease, with both morphological and morphofunctional alterations; many studies in this area are needed so we can better understand the mechanisms of disease, as well as ways of intervention to improve the quality of life of affected individuals. GRMD dogs are the best animal model for preclinical studies of DMD, so these results are very relevant to enhancement and improvement of management in bioteries these animals have
Alves, Marcelo Mendes. "Ventilação não-invasiva com pressão positiva (BIPAP) em cães da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-14072011-164329/.
Full textThe Muscular Dystrophy Golden Retriever dogs (GRMD) is a degenerative myopathy caused by the absence of dystrophin protein on the surface of the membrane of muscle cells. It is genetically counterpart to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) which affects humans, so these dogs are considered experimental models for studies that seek treatments for patients affected by the disease. The biggest cause of death in DMD is respiratory failure or lung infection that occurs in about 75% of cases. The respiratory muscles are always affected and, together with the cifoescolioses and chest deformities, the markedly reduced respiratory function. The breathing pattern is rapid and superficial, with tidal volume decreased, and is associated with the presence of changes in the partial pressure of blood gases. The lung compliance decreases, resulting from microatelectasias. The intercostal muscles and internal abdominal, which help the expiration, are also affected, reducing the effectiveness of cough and hampering the removal of secretions. In the preterminal disease, there is a reduction in the partial pressure of oxygen blood associated with the retention of carbon dioxide, with a framework of cyanosis, papilloedema and respiratory failure. The non-invasive ventilation with positive pressure (VNIPP) is a method of ventilatory assistance at a positive pressure that is applied to air the patient through masks or other interfaces without the use of intubation. This study was to objective evaluate the potential of respiratory therapy in dogs affected by GRMD submitted to VNIPP, identify the factors associated with the success or failure of VNIPP; characterize the patterns of response to VNIPP and associated complications. The specific knowledge of how to use ventilation and the ventilatory parameters to be used in therapy were fundamental for this work. The monitoring of blood concentrations of the gases, and the saturation of oxygen, are essential in order to be established ventilatory parameters safe and comfortable for animals and thereby facilitate the therapy. In the proposed experiment studied dog Golden Retriever, affected by muscular dystrophy, submitted to non-invasive mechanical ventilation with positive pressure. To do so was considered in assessing breathing, blood gases and oximetry. Despite the signs of respiratory discomfort and hypoventilation, clinically observed in animals, there was no confirmation of respiratory failure. So we find that the non-invasive ventilatory support (Bipap) failed to show improvement in respiratory functions of the breed dogs Golden Retriever affected by muscular dystrophy when used in the form prophylactic.
Gaiad, Thaís Peixoto. "Influência da fisioterapia na função motora e histopatologia da fibra muscular esquelética no modelo Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-27042007-181532/.
Full textThe aim of this research was investigates the Physiotherapy influence as a complementary treatment in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. A physical activities protocol was used focusing the skeletal muscle alterations, characteristics from the pathology, in the GRMD model through an analogy between these species. Six males and dystrophic animals from the GRMD kennel/USP were selected. The pathology confirmation was done by the DNA analysis in the Center of Human Genome - IB / USP. The younger dog was six months and the older one, thirteen (mean age 10,16 ± 3,43 and mean weigh 18,86 ± 3,04 kg). The first collect was in september 2005 and the collect II after six mounths (march/2006). Data about the animals functional status, joint range of movement (ROM) and skeletal muscle histopathological analysis was get. The functional assessment showed that between the six and twelve months of age, the muscular weakness started to reflects in important functional lost. From twelve months, there is a major stability of the difficult degrees to realize the functional activities. The values from the ROM assessment of the knee (107,83º ± 4,49), tarsal (114,16º ± 15,3) and carpal joint (151,16º ± 11,05) from the GRMD animals were statistically different compared to the mean values of the same joints in normal dogs of the same breed (115,89º ± 8,71; 123,57º ± 8,69; 131,42º ± 8,48, respectively). There was no difference between the mean from the elbow joint of the dystrophic group (120º ± 9,48) when compared with normal dogs from the same breed (119,82º ± 8,65) (p < 0.05). The mean value from the knee and elbow joint in the collect I and II was the same, in the treated and no treated group. There was a mean improvement from the tarsal joint of the treated group in the collect II (141,66º ± 7,63) related to collect I (115,83º ± 13,83). In the carpal joint, there was a stable median in the treated group between the two means (collect I and II). The mean from the deposition area of collagen in the collect I and II in relation of no treated group was the same. There was a significant increased of the collagen area to the animals from the treated group by the physiotherapy (p < 0.05). The same animals that had a improvement in the function with the physiotherapy had a bigger collagen area deposition. The physiotherapy application in the GRMD model leads to a better functional status to the joint and muscular gross structure, but the ultra structure degeneration had a maintenance of the pathology course.
Yamato, Ronaldo Jun. "Avaliação ecocardiográfica com \"Doppler\" tecidual, \"Strain Rate\" e \"Strain\" de cães da raça Golden Retriever com distrofia muscular (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-15012009-110605/.
Full textTissue Doppler imaging (TDI), strain rate, and strain allow for recording myocardial velocity and deformity, for assessment of systolic and diastolic function. There is great similarity between Duchennes muscular dystrophy (DMD) that affects humans, characterized by continuous degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis of skeletal and cardiac muscle and is recessive, linked to X-chromosome, and canine muscular dystrophy (CMD), which is considered genetically analogous to the DMD. Some experimental models have been developed in order to study these diseases. In this study, 24 Golden retriever dogs, allocated to 3 different groups (control, bearer and affected) were evaluated by conventional echo and TDI, strain rate (StR) and strain (St) aiming to evaluate systolic and diastolic function indices of dystrophic dogs in order to improve diagnosis and treatment of DMD cases, as well as CMD. Differences were observed in some variables of systolic and diastolic function specially between control and affected groups. It was possible to confirm that Golden Retriever dogs, affected by CMD and without clinical signs of congestive heart failure, present changes in systolic and diastolic indices, detected by TDI, StR and St.
Oliveira, Marco Antonio Rodrigues Gomes de. "Avaliação comparativa das alterações morfológicas nas células musculares estriadas em cães Golden Retriever acometidos e não acometidos por distrofia muscular do tipo Duchenne." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-02012007-110451/.
Full textThe striated muscle of young and adults Golden Retriever dogs, from the GRMD-Brazil Kennel, had been analyzed under light microscopy. Samples of biceps femoral muscle of a healthy control adult dog and of an adult Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD), and of the femoral, semitendinosus, biceps femoral, diaphragm, and left ventricular myocardium muscles of two young GRMD had been collected to be stained with HE, Masson trichrome and sirius red F3BA stain. All the examined muscles of the adult and young GRMD had presented muscular injuries. The injuries observed in the skeletal musculature included: dearrangement of muscular fibers, variation in the fiber diameter, increase of the perimisial and endomisial connective tissue, the latter in the adult dog. The lesions were more evident in the adult GRMD. The diaphragm presented hyperacidophyly fibers, with more defined contour; necrosis involving groups of muscular fibers; increase of perimisial connective tissue and endomisial edema. The tongue musculature showed variation of the fibers diameter; perimisial fibrosis and fat infiltration in the epimysial space. In the myocardium it was identified moderate fibrosis and increase of the endomysial space. Our findings demonstrate the injuries produced for this pathology in the skeletal musculature, comparatively with the healthy control dog, and corroborate that described for GRMD of other GRMD-kennels
Oliveira, Daniela Moraes de. "Emprego da ultrassonografia como método de avaliação dos músculos respiratórios em cães Golden Retriever normais e afetados pela distrofia muscular (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-11112013-151420/.
Full textThe Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic neuromuscular disease, linked to chromosome X and is found in human males at a rate of 1 in every 3,500 newborns. This muscle disease is also described in other species such as mouse dystrophic (Mdx), golden retriever dogs with muscular dystrophy GRMD and cats with hypertrophic feline muscular dystrophy (HFMD), which present symptoms similar to DMD and for this reason has been widely used as experimental models for studies. Therefore the objective of this study is to evaluate the mobility of the diaphragm, the respiratory cycles and the expansion of the rib cage GRMD affected dogs and carriers, since respiratory failure the leading cause of death in affected individuals. For this study we used ultrasound evaluation of respiratory muscles (diaphragm and intercostal), clinical analysis, and monitoring of hematological analysis. As a result, the movement of inspiration, expiration and plateau, which comprises the diaphragmatic mobility was lower in the affected group than in controls. The plateau phase in this group (GRMD) is almost nonexistent, indicating that these diaphragm remains in a constant movement. Respiratory rate was 26.93 per minute for the control group and 15.5 minutes for the affected group, which is below the normal standard. The movimentation of the m. intercostal presented expiration and inspiration respectively: 8.99 mm and 8.79 mm for the control group and 7.42 mm and 7.40 mm for the affected group, showing that individuals in the affected group has a lower expansion of the rib cage and possibly a disturbance pulmonary ventilation. It is concluded that the methodology applied in this study is a viable means of monitoring and evaluation of the respiratory system in GRMD model and can be adapted in the future in other experimental models of muscular dystrophy.
Peres, Maria Angelica. "Influência da distrofia muscular do Golden Retriever (GRMD) na viabilidade espermática e nas características morfológicas do aparelho reprodutivo masculino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-17042009-160130/.
Full textMuscular dystrophies constitute a group of diseases characterized by progressive and irreversible muscle degeneration. Duchenne´s Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal myopathy caused by dystrophin deficiency, a muscular cell cytoskeleton protein. The dystrophin gene have recessive characteristic and is located in the p21 portion of the X chromosome. Advancements in the therapeutic cares of the affected by the DMD have been increasing their life expectancy and quality. For this motive, physiologic and/or ethics questions, like reproductive means of these patients, began to be discussed. Animal models are very useful in drawing parallels between morphologic and physiologic findings, predictions and treatments of diseases that affect man. The Golden Retrievers Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is a natural disease of this race, being the best animal model for DMD studies, since it presents similar physiopathology. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of possible morphological alterations of the male reproductive tract and their connection with the sperm qualities of these dogs. For so, thirty seven ejaculates from 5 GRMD affected dogs and 4 non-affected Golden Retrievers were collected monthly and evaluated in five different replicates. After routine spermogram, the acrosome integrity (FITC-PSA), the mitochondrial activity (JC-1) and the DNA structure (SCSA) were evaluated by flow cytometry technique. The resistance to the oxidative stress was measured by the TBARS dosage. Fragments of testicle and epididymis of five GRMD affected animals and 1 healthy animal were collected for histological evaluation. No significant difference were found in seminal evaluations (p> 0,05) between affected and control groups, though significant alterations have been seen in the histological evaluations of all the analyzed cloths. This animal model suggests that ejaculates of DMD men can be obtained by the proper stimulation, and that the conventional in vitro fertilization techniques combined with pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for single gene disorders may be efficient to satisfy the desire of paternity of DMD patients with the birth of non-affected children.
Araújo, Karla Patrícia Cardoso. "Uso de Bortezomibe (PS-341) em cães da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela Distrofia Muscular Progressiva (GRMD) - Avaliação da viabilidade da terapia e reestruturação da Distrofina Muscular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-04022011-081208/.
Full textThe Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is a genetic myopathy homologue to Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in human. Use of canine model is the better because the disease development, clinical signs and body mass are closed to the sick children. It has been known muscle protein proteolysis and muscle atrophy are related with ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Researches using mdx mice and human muscle (in vitro) treated with proteasome inhibitor (MG-132 and bortezomib) showing rescue of the dystrophin and associated proteins and improvement of histopatologycal phenotype. In this research, were analyzed five GRMD dogs, two dogs were treated with Bortezomib and three dogs were control. Muscle biopsies were collected before the treatment and after the treatment to histology, ultrastructure and immunohistochemical muscle analysis. Biochemistry analyses were made once a week and measurement of proteasome inhibition was analysed in each cycle of Bortezomib administration. In the first byopsy, all the dogs showing closed histophatological morphology of muscle fibers. At the end of treatment, the treated dogs had lower connective tissue deposition and inflammatory cells infiltration than untreated dogs by histology, collagen morphometry and ultrastructural analysis. We noted by ultrastructural analysis macrophages inside the fibers, degenerated products, activated fibroblasts and connective tissue deposition in edomisium and perimisium of the fibers. The dystrophin immunohistochemistry was not presence in sarcoplasmatic membrane in both groups. However, the treated dogs showing bigger expression of α and β-dystroglycan, this fact means improved of disease histopathology phenotype. The untreated dogs had bigger expression of phospho-NFκB and TGF-β1, suggesting bigger activation of pro-apoptotic factors, inflammatory molecules and bigger connective tissue deposition respectively. The proteasome inhibition tests indicated bigger inhibition in the blood cells one hour post doses of bortezomib and was dose-dependent pathway. In conclusion, the proteasome inhibitors may improve the appearance of GRMD muscle fibers, lowered the connective tissue deposition and infiltration of inflammatory cells, likewise to rescue the dystrophin- associated proteins in the muscle fiber membrane.
Abreu, Dilayla Kelly de. "Imunomodulação in vitro das células tronco mesenquimais em cães da raça golden retriever sadios e afetados pela distrofia muscular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-07012015-143817/.
Full textThe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive hereditary neuromuscular disorder that affects human males. The canine model Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) is considered experimental model for studies of new therapies and better understanding of the DMD. The process of progressive dystrophy is related to changes in cell populations that comprise the immune system of patients, because due to the absence of the protein dystrophin in the sarcoplasmic membrane, the muscle is more susceptible to injury, occurring release of cytokines that recruit and stimulate cell immune, mainly macrophages and T lymphocytes in the long term, this continuous and persistent inflammatory response, the system takes a series of reactions that culminate with increasing damage to the point of exhaustion of satellite cells of muscle tissue and fibrosis occur. One of the most studied properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is their immunomodulatory capacity, making these cells become promising in the use of cell therapy. In this context, this immunomodulatory can act as an interesting strategy in manipulating the immune system. The proposed study was designed in order to provide support for the feasibility of cell therapy trials in muscular dystrophy, through the knowledge of immunomodulation during treatment in vitro, contributing to a possible therapeutic application in humans. In this purpose, two groups were studied, a group of affected dog (GRMD, n=9) and a control group (GR, n=5 GR). The study consisted of rating of lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of MSCs in different concentrations as well as the proliferation of specific lymphocytes as Thelper (CD4+FoxP3-) and Tregulatory (CD4+FoxP3+) to MSCs. In addition, the dosage of nitrite performed in order to quantify the production of nitric oxide (NO) by coculture with macrophages MSCs. In this study we observed that MSCs stimulated significant proliferation of regulatory T lymphocytes. Additionally, this percentage split increased cocultivos that used higher concentrations of MSC. Highest concentration of nitrite was also found in cocultivos of MSC and macrophages stimulated with LPS. This information generates increments in understanding how MSCs may act in the body dystrophic and how we exploit this source to promote a delay in the inflammatory process and consequently improve the quality of life of patients
Morini, Adriana Caroprezo. "Efeitos da ciclosporina A sobre a função renal e hepática de cães da raça Golden Retriever normais ou afetados pela distrofia muscular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-29062006-175751/.
Full textThe muscular dystrophy of Golden Retriever (GRMD) is a degenerative miopaty caused by the absence of dystrophy and it is genetically homologue of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans, so, these dogs are considerably experimental models for studies on cellular therapy. Their successful depends of the adequate immunosuppression. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is indicated for that, the monitoring of the blood concentration and adverse effects are essential to viabilise the therapy. It was studied GRMD dogs, and normal dogs from the same breed, submitted for therapy with CsA, associated, on GRMD, of cell transplantation. It was evaluated blood concentration of the drug, and their possible effects on renal and hepatic functions has been considerate the clinic manifestations, urinalisis, blood counts, testis of glomerular function and blood concentrations of urea, cretinine, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline fosfatase, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium. In our results we found a discrete increase of blood urea on booth groups; adverse reactions like vomits, diarrhea, tricose, periodontitis and gingivitis; decrease of blood alanine aminotransferase, increased levels of urine?s cylinders and protein and also increase of urinary density on GRMD group. The CsA blood concentrations oscillated too much on six than eight of our animals. We concluded that more researches wants to be done to evaluated renal functions of GRMD dogs and also that the doses varieties individually and the correct dosage as to important as the evaluation of the blood concentration of the drug and became viable for cell therapy.
Souza, Ana Paula de [UNESP]. "Função renal e homeostase de água, sódio e potássio em cães da raça Golden Retriever normais, portadores e afetados pela distrofia muscular." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101233.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença genética recessiva e hereditária, ligada ao cromossomo X, caracterizada pela ausência ou insuficiência da proteína distrofina no sarcolema das fibras musculares. É uma doença muscular progressiva, que afeta um em cada 3.500 meninos. Atualmente, os cães da raça Golden Retriever, portadores da distrofia muscular do Golden Retriever (GRMD), que exibem mudanças musculares, patogenia, bem como o fenótipo, comparáveis aos vistos nos casos de DMD, vêm sendo considerados o melhor modelo animal para o estudo da DMD. Nos GRMDs a fraqueza muscular inicia-se a partir do segundo mês de vida e é progressiva, portanto, a expectativa de vida destes cães é muito reduzida. Histologicamente, os músculos mostram necrose, fibrose e regeneração. As manifestações patológicas da GRMD já se iniciam na vida intra-uterina com o desenvolvimento de lesões nos músculos da língua. A hipertrofia da língua está associada com disfunção da faringe e do esôfago, o que resulta em disfagia, regurgitação e sialorréia. A pesquisa com células-tronco tem um potencial para avanços significativos no nosso conhecimento da diferenciação celular com a promessa de excitantes e inovadoras aplicações terapêuticas para desordens genéticas e degenerativas incuráveis...
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal childhood disease, a X-linked recessive disorder, caused by mutations of the dystrophyn gene, a protein that has a vital role in maintaining muscle structure and function. DMD is a progressive muscular disease, that affects 1:3500 born boys. At this moment, the dogs with Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD), is the best animal model to study DMD. GRMD dog exhibits muscle changes, pathogenesis and phenotype comparable with the DMD boys. In GRMDs the muscular weakness beginning with 60 days of life and this is progressive. Histologically, the muscles show necrosis, fibrosis, degeneration and regeneration. The pathogenesis manifests in utero with the development of lingual muscle lesions. The tongue hypertrophy is associated with pharyngeal and esophageal dysfunction, and results in dysphagia, regurgitation and drooling. The research with steam-cells has a great potential to significative advances in owner knowledge about cellular differentiation, with the promise of therapeutic applications in genetic disorders and in degenerative or incurable diseases...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Silva, Marina Brito. "O Efeito do Losartan na morfologia do músculo esquelético do modelo Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy: uma droga promissora para a regeneração da musculatura distrófica?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-13072009-163101/.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystophy (DMD) has the substitution of the muscle by connective tissue as its most relevant characteristic. Once fibrotic proliferation is a major obstacle to the efficacy of therapies for muscular dystrophies, early interventions to prevent it will probably be necessary as part of an effective treatment. A significant correlation between fibrosis and the expression of TGF-beta 1, a multifunctional cytokine, in Duchenne muscular dystrophies has been reported, emphasizing the role of this cytokine in the development of muscle fibrosis, and suggesting it as target for fibrotic therapies. In this study we evaluated the effect of Losartan over the development of the connective tissue on the skeletal musculature of the canine model GRMD. One dystrophic dog was previously used in the pilot study to estipulate the dosage and any side effects caused by Losartan. Five adults dystrophics dogs, two male and two female and one control animal were used in the experiment. A dose of 50mg of Losartan was orally given once a day. The clinical and laboratorial exams did not show any adverse effect through the experimental period, therefore Losartan utilization showed to be a safe therapy. Muscle biopsy fragments have been removed before starting Losartan (T0) and after (Tf) were used for histology and TGF-beta1 imunohistochemistry to compare this two times. The evaluations range of motion and limb circumference measures within imunohistochemistry and colagen quantification results helped to infer about Losartan effect in the dystrophic muscle fibrose. Range of motion and limb circumference values did not show statistical difference. Although the percentage of connective tissue deposition area in the animals in Tf was statistically lower than T0. The decrease of TGF-beta1 signalization showed in imunohistochemistry pictures within the decrease of connective tissue deposition, after Losartan, suggest an inhibitory effect of this medication through this cytokine in the studied GRMD muscle.
Lima, Ana Rita de. "Estudo quantitativo das células granulares adenohipofisárias associadas à produção do hormônio de crescimento e avaliação do perfil bioquímico do IGF-I em cães Golden Retriever com Distrofia Muscular (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-28062006-163537/.
Full textThe Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a X linked recessive disease, caused by the absence of dystrophin which is found in a variety of tissues and characterized by a severe disfunction of the skeletal musculature that results in a premature death of the patient. Theoretically, the growth hormone (GH) is considered to be associated to the development of Muscular Dystrophy and that could be used in its treatment. Hence in this study, a IGF-I (Insulin like growth factor-I) seric dosage was performed to verify whether or not there might be a between the evolution of the disease and IGF´s seric concentration. IGF-I is a GH-peptide dependent that regulates the GH actions during the growth. Changes in IGF-I levels were recorded during the dog?s post-natal development. On the first trimester, all animals presented similar IGF-I levels, although in the fourth month, a stark 34% decrease was observed in the dystrophic animals whereas a 1% increase was seen in the healthy dog. Furthermore, the GRMD´s granule-containing cells were larger when compared to the healthy animals. The following parameters in this comparison: long axis, cross-sectional area and cell volume. The ultrastructural study showed electron-dense granules composed by a double membrane and homogeneously distributed through the cell. These granules were larger in the dystrophic animals then in healthy dogs.
Abreu, Dilayla Kelly de. "Padronização do perfil hematológico, bioquímico, proteinograma sérico e imunofenotipagem de linfócitos de cães da raça Golden Retriever sadios e afetados pela distrofia muscular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-17102012-151617/.
Full textDevised to test this in order to standardize the hematological, biochemical, electrophoretic (Serum protein) and quantification of CD4 lymphocyte cells, CD5, CD8 by flow cytometry of Golden Retriever dogs normal (group GR) and dogs dystrophic (GRMD groups). To this end, we considered the division of groups according to age of animals, from birth to adulthood, thus composing six groups, as Gr I, II, III and GRMD I, II, III. In this project we performed electrophoretic studies of dogs belonging to all groups, haematological and biochemical studies of dogs belonging to the groups GR II, III, II and III GRMD, lymphocyte immunophenotyping in groups III and GR GRMD III. The results obtained for trombometric, erythometric and dogs belonging to the groups and GR II GR III showed mean values within normal limits. With respect to dogs belonging to groups III GRMD, we observed that the erythrocyte is within the reference values. However, considering the WBC, the mean (3.79 / mm3) relating to the measurement of basophils were above normal values, ranging from 0 to 159/mm3. Moreover, considering the maximum, some animals belonging to the group in question had leukocytosis with neutrophilia without left shift, and thrombocytosis, monocytosis and lymphopenia at the time of collection. The biochemical serum of all affected dogs had mean values above the normal range for the determination of AST, ALT and CK. For the study of proteins, SDS-PAGE technique allowed the fractionation of twenty-three proteins whose molecular weights ranged from 16,000 to 260,000 daltons in all groups. These could be identified by name twelve fractions: IgA (PM 142,000 Da), C-reactive protein (PM122.000 Da), ceruloplasmin (PM 110,000 Da), phosphorylase (95,000 Da PM), transferrin (82,000 Da PM), hemopexin (PM 78 000 Da), albumin (66,000 Da PM), alpha1 antitrypsin (PM 62,000 Da), IgG heavy chain (55,000 Da PM), haptoglobin (PM 45,000 Da), glycoprotein (PM 40,000 Da) and IgG light chain (PM 23 000 Da). The other proteins were identified by their molecular weights. We could not identify by name the protein fractions of molecular weight 260,000 Da, 230,000 Da, 180,000 Da, 165,000 Da, 158,000 Da, 91,000 Da, 35,000 Da, 30,000 Da, 28,000 Da and 16,000 Da. Among these proteins was observed that the protein molecular weight of 91,000 Da was found only in groups GR I and GRMD I was not identified in other groups. Considering the changes found with relation to acute phase proteins, we noted the acute phase response in the face of muscle injuries that occur gradually in dystrophic dogs, especially in young dystrophic animals, which may infer that they had abnormal protein before tissue injury as reported in many inflammatory-related pathologies. Likewise, animals affected by muscular dystrophy, alterations immunoglobulin when compared to normal animals. With respect to lymphocyte immunophenotyping was made a histogram of the populations of CD4, CD5 and CD8 from the region of the gate of lymphocytes. All animals affected by muscular dystrophy showed significantly higher percentage with respect to CD4 and CD5 lymphocyte population compared to normal dogs. Thus, we can infer that the process of progressive muscular dystrophy, is associated with changes in cell populations that make up the immune system of patients, because due to the absence of dystrophin, the muscle is more susceptible to damage, and its occurrence , a release of cytokines that stimulate liver cells to secrete acute phase proteins and promote a co-stimulation of T lymphocytes Thus, we suggest that the findings in our study are consequences of the inflammatory response generated by muscle injury.We hope that this study, provide more information about the pathophysiolgy of the disease, and promote a greater understanding of the immune and inflammatory responde assessment in this study model. Moreover, the base values found could help in assessing possible responses in preclinical testing, aiding the understanding of the beneficial or adverse reactions to validate and explain the mechanism of action of a cell therapy, gene or drug treatments
Souza, Ana Paula de. "Função renal e homeostase de água, sódio e potássio em cães da raça Golden Retriever normais, portadores e afetados pela distrofia muscular /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101233.
Full textBanca: Carlos Roberto Daleck
Banca: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente
Banca: Maria Angélica Miglino
Banca: Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
Resumo: A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença genética recessiva e hereditária, ligada ao cromossomo X, caracterizada pela ausência ou insuficiência da proteína distrofina no sarcolema das fibras musculares. É uma doença muscular progressiva, que afeta um em cada 3.500 meninos. Atualmente, os cães da raça Golden Retriever, portadores da distrofia muscular do Golden Retriever (GRMD), que exibem mudanças musculares, patogenia, bem como o fenótipo, comparáveis aos vistos nos casos de DMD, vêm sendo considerados o melhor modelo animal para o estudo da DMD. Nos GRMDs a fraqueza muscular inicia-se a partir do segundo mês de vida e é progressiva, portanto, a expectativa de vida destes cães é muito reduzida. Histologicamente, os músculos mostram necrose, fibrose e regeneração. As manifestações patológicas da GRMD já se iniciam na vida intra-uterina com o desenvolvimento de lesões nos músculos da língua. A hipertrofia da língua está associada com disfunção da faringe e do esôfago, o que resulta em disfagia, regurgitação e sialorréia. A pesquisa com células-tronco tem um potencial para avanços significativos no nosso conhecimento da diferenciação celular com a promessa de excitantes e inovadoras aplicações terapêuticas para desordens genéticas e degenerativas incuráveis...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal childhood disease, a X-linked recessive disorder, caused by mutations of the dystrophyn gene, a protein that has a vital role in maintaining muscle structure and function. DMD is a progressive muscular disease, that affects 1:3500 born boys. At this moment, the dogs with Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD), is the best animal model to study DMD. GRMD dog exhibits muscle changes, pathogenesis and phenotype comparable with the DMD boys. In GRMDs the muscular weakness beginning with 60 days of life and this is progressive. Histologically, the muscles show necrosis, fibrosis, degeneration and regeneration. The pathogenesis manifests in utero with the development of lingual muscle lesions. The tongue hypertrophy is associated with pharyngeal and esophageal dysfunction, and results in dysphagia, regurgitation and drooling. The research with steam-cells has a great potential to significative advances in owner knowledge about cellular differentiation, with the promise of therapeutic applications in genetic disorders and in degenerative or incurable diseases...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Doutor
Gatti, André. "Estudo da função glomerular em Golden Retrievers normais, portadores e afetados pela distrofia muscular progressiva (GRMD)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-16102007-103227/.
Full textThe muscular dystrophys in children and teenagers is taken in 1 each 3000 births. The Duchenne`s dystrophy is from genetics origin and recessive heritage linked to X cromossome, and also determined by the lacre of dystrophyne protein; it shows progressive characteristics, morbid nature and a letal end. So far there is no known effective treatment, even with all the ethiopatogein knowledge. The goal of use of normal golden retrievers dogs, bling then carriers and affected by the progressive muscular dystrophy, the changing existence in the glomerular function through the comparison between the creatinine clearance, EDTA-crome clearance and seric urea and creatinine. Aiming the early diagnostic of the renal pathology. The animals were divided in 3 groups of 9 animals, bling group 1 control animals, group 2 carriers animals and group 3 affected animals. All of then were submitted to the some examinations protocols Their was no relevant identification between the groups or either individually, as all the results were within the expected and natural limits. Likewise, renal primary wounds are not clear in traditional tests made in dystrophyc animals, mainly caused by the muscular wounds in reanal vases harming this way the organ function.
Childers, Martin K. "Contraction-induced muscle damage in dogs with golden retriever muscular dystrophy." free to MU campus, others may purchase free online, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/preview?3074385.
Full textAlmeida, Angélica Oliveira de. "Estudo da proteína urinária em cães Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD), através da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida, indício de lesão renal precoce?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-09082010-151953/.
Full textDuchennes Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal childhood disease, a X-linked recessive disorder, caused by mutations of the dystrophyn gene, a protein that has a vital role in maintaining muscle structure and function. DMD is a progressive muscular disease, which affects 1:3500 born boys. At this moment, the dogs with Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD), are the best animal model to study DMD. GRMD dog exhibits muscle changes, pathogenesis and phenotype comparable with the DMD boys. In GRMDs, the muscular weakness beginning with 60 days of life and this is progressive. Histologically, the muscles show necrosis, fibrosis, degeneration and regeneration. The pathogenesis manifests in utero with the development of lingual muscle lesions. The tongue hypertrophy is associated with pharyngeal and esophageal dysfunction, and results in dysphagia, regurgitation and drooling. The aim of this research was investigates in normal dogs and in dogs affected by the Duchene muscular dystrophy the protein in the total urinary proteins and their separation with SDS-PAGE. During four months, six male dogs between two and six years were evaluated. The blood was examined once a month and the urine twice a month, three normal dogs were examined to establish a comparison between both. In blood samples were carried out tests to evaluate renal function and urine was used for the measurement of protein, creatinine and for electrophoresis. We found no evidence of kidney damage in tests performed on blood samples and also in the protein: creatinine ratio in urine samples. In the analysis of electrophoresis, we found differences in the amount of protein bands presented between normal dogs and dogs with muscular dystrophy. GRMD dogs have a wider distribution of bands with high molecular weight, which are not found in normal dogs. In addition they have a greater amount of protein with low molecular weight. While staying within the parameters established for renal injury, the dogs with dystrophy, has protein bands not seen in normal animals that maintains the integrity of the renal parenchyma.
Oliveira, Daniela Moraes de. "Análise de expressão da distrofina, miostatina, tgf-β e nf-kappa β, durante a fase embrionária e fetal no modelo canino GRMD (Golden Retrivier Muscular Dystrophy)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-27022018-121625/.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a hereditary neuromuscular genetic disease linked to the X chromosome, being found in male humans. This muscle disease is described in other species. The pre-clinical GRMD (Golden Retrievier Muscular Dystrophy) study model presents phenotypically characteristic clinical symptoms of DMD in humans and,for this reason, has been widely used as a model for preclinical studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the muscular tissue, in the dystrophic canine model, throughout the gestation. Four females, carriers of the dystrophic gene, were inseminated with fresh semen from dystrophic dogs. On the 25th day, post-insemination, the females were submitted to ultrasonography to confirm the pregnancy. The pregnant females underwent an ovariosalpingohisterectomy (OSH) for the removal of the embryos and fetuses in the following gestational periods: 28º, 33º, 38º and 42º days. Then fragments of muscle tissue were analyzed macroscopically and microscopically. To verify protein expression, tissue samples were submitted to immunological techniques, and PCR for dystrophin, myostatin, and utrophin. At the 33 and 38th days of gestation, tissue characteristics were observed in the dystrophic group, which corroborate the late development of muscle tissue. The results for protein detection suggest that dystrophin, myostatin and utrophin were also expressed in the control and affected groups, during all periods of the gestational development analyzed. Lastly, the data suggest that dystrophic animals present healthy muscle during the gestational phase, which may be beneficial for pharmacological tests at an early age.
Nguyen, Frédérique. "Les lésions musculaires des modèles animaux de la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne : évaluation comparée des lésions du modèle murin mdx (X-linked muscular dystrophy) par histopathologie et analyse de texture en IRM : étude de la vascularisation capillaire du muscle canin GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy)." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S140.
Full textEscriou, Catherine. "Étude préclinique de deux stratégies thérapeutiques systémiques de la myopathie de Duchenne dans le modèle canin GRMD (Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy) : surexpression de l'utrophine par la voie du monoxyde d'azote, thérapie cellulaire médiée par la greffe de moelle osseuse." Paris 12, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA120006.
Full textDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a lethal X-linked childhood myopathy caused by mutations that abolish the expression of dystrophin in muscle. Among natural models of DMD, the canine model offers the best phenocopy for human disease, and is considered a high benchmark for preclinical studies. In this work, dystrophic dogs were used to evaluate the clinical relevance of two promising systemic therapeutical strategy elaborated in the murine model. A. Utrophin overexpression and the NO way. If we observed a slight but significant utrophin overexpression in the muscle of normal control dog treated by L-arginin or Molsidomin, we couldn't discriminate the same modification in GRMD muscle as it exhibits spontaneous strong utrophin overexpression. Using a combination of clinical, biochemical, and histological evaluation, we couldn't neither demonstrate a therapeutic benefit. In conclusion, the NO way to induce utrophin overexpression remains pertinent but very efficient molecules need to be developed as a very high utrophin amount seems a prerequisite to obtain therapeutic benefit. B. Cell therapy and bone marrow transplantation. The myogenic participation of stem cells was evaluated in normal bone marrow engrafted dystrophic dogs. Although clinical investigations showed no obvious improvement of the dystrophic phenotype, significant increased of dystrophin positive fibers (DPF) number in dystrophic muscles were detected. This study confirmed the promising potential of stem cell transplantation, however the low level of DPF observed limit their therapeutic relevance and impose further studies to mobilize these cells out of the bone marrow compartment and attract them into the damaged muscle
"Alterações do tubo digestório de cães da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-03012007-164231/.
Full text"Ultra-sonografia abdominal e pélvica em cães da raça Golden Retriever sadios, portadores e afetados pela distrofia muscular progressiva." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-20062006-163208/.
Full text"Avaliação comparativa das alterações morfológicas nas células musculares estriadas em cães Golden Retriever acometidos e não acometidos por distrofia muscular do tipo Duchenne." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-02012007-110451/.
Full text"Efeitos da ciclosporina A sobre a função renal e hepática de cães da raça Golden Retriever normais ou afetados pela distrofia muscular." Tese, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-29062006-175751/.
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