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Academic literature on the topic 'Disturbance of vital activity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Disturbance of vital activity"
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Meramo, Katarina, Otso Ovaskainen, Enrico Bernard, Carina Rodrigues Silva, Veronika N. Laine, and Thomas M. Lilley. "Contrasting Effects of Chronic Anthropogenic Disturbance on Activity and Species Richness of Insectivorous Bats in Neotropical Dry Forest." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10 (June 7, 2022): 822415. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13443129.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) For prioritizing conservation actions, it is vital to understand how ecologically diverse species respond to environmental change caused by human activity. This is particularly necessary considering that chronic human disturbance is a threat to biodiversity worldwide. Depending on how species tolerate and adapt to such disturbance, ecological integrity and ecosystem services will be more or less affected. Bats are a species-rich and functionally diverse group, with important roles in ecosystems, and are therefore recognized as a good model group for assessing the impact of environmental change. Their populations have decreased in several regions, especially in the tropics, and are threatened by increasing human disturbance. Using passive acoustic monitoring, we assessed how the species-rich aerial insectivorous bats—essential for insect suppression services—respond to chronic human disturbance in the Caatinga dry forests of Brazil, an area potentially harboring ca. 100 bat species (nearly 50% are insectivorous), but with > 60% its area composed of anthropogenic ecosystems under chronic pressure. Acoustic data for bat activity was collected at research sites with varying amounts of chronic human disturbance (e.g., livestock grazing and firewood gathering). The intensity of the disturbance is indicated by the global multi-metric CAD index (GMDI). Using Animal Sound Identifier (ASI) software, we identified 18 different bat taxon units. Using Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities (HMSC), we found trends in the association of the disturbance gradient with species richness and bat activity: species richness was higher at sites with higher human disturbance, whereas bat activity decreased with increasing human disturbance. Additionally, we observed taxon-specific responses to human disturbance. We conclude that the effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance on the insectivorous bat fauna in the Caatinga are not homogeneous and a species-specific approach is necessary when assessing the responses of local bats to human disturbances in tropical dry forests, and in other biomes under human pressure.
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Vulekovic, Petar, Milan Simic, Gordana Misic-Pavkov, Tomislav Cigic, Zeljko Kojadinovic, and Djula Djilvesi. "Traumatic brain injuries: Forensic and expertise aspects." Medical review 61, no. 9-10 (2008): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0810471v.
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Introduction. Traumatic brain injuries have major socio-economic importance due to their frequency, high mortality and serious consequences. According to their nature the consequences of these injuries may be classified as neurological, psychiatric and esthetic. Various lesions of brain structures cause neurological consequences such as disturbance of motor functions, sensibility, coordination or involuntary movements, speech disturbances and other deviations, as well as epilepsy. Psychiatric consequences include cognitive deficit, emotional disturbances and behavior disturbances. Criminal-legal aspect of traumatic brain injuries and litigation. Criminal-legal aspect of traumatic brain injuries expertise understands the qualification of these injuries as mild, serious and qualified serious body injuries as well as the expertise about the mechanisms of their occurrence. Litigation expertise includes the estimation of pain, fear, diminished, i.e. lost vital activity and disability, esthetic marring, and psychological suffer based on the diminished general vital activity and esthetic marring. Competence and timing of expertise. Evaluation of consequences of traumatic brain injuries should be performed only when it can be positively confirmed that they are permanent, i.e. at least one year after the injury. Expertise of these injuries is interdisciplinary. Among clinical doctors the most competent medical expert is the one who is in charge for diagnostics and injury treatment, with the recommendation to avoid, if possible, the doctor who conducted treatment. For the estimation of general vital activity, the neurological consequences, pain and esthetic marring expertise, the most competent doctors are neurosurgeon and neurologist. Psychological psychiatric consequences and fear expertise have to be performed by the psychiatrist. Specialists of forensic medicine contribute with knowledge of criminal low and legal expertise.
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Wu, Ruixin, Qi Chai, Jianquan Zhang, et al. "Impacts of burrows and mounds formed by plateau rodents on plant species diversity on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 1 (2015): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14056.
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The relationships among environmental factors, rodent activity disturbance and plant-community diversity were studied across four sites in a prefecture of the ‘Three-River-Source’ region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was found that burrow number and mound area had little impact on plant diversity indices, which were mainly affected by altitude, soil total P and pH. Altitude and mound area, especially mound area, can strongly affect the aboveground biomass and the vegetation cover of plants was mainly influenced by mound area. There was some evidence that moderate levels of disturbance by rodents could lead to the highest levels of plant diversity. These findings indicated that moderate levels of disturbance by rodents may be beneficial to grassland productivity and plant diversity. Understanding these impacts is vital for better rangeland management practices so that rodents should be controlled within a suitable range rather than being exterminated.
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Appel, G., A. López‐Baucells, R. Rocha, C. F. J. Meyer, and P. E. D. Bobrowiec. "Habitat disturbance trumps moonlight effects on the activity of tropical insectivorous bats." Animal Conservation 24, no. 6 (2021): 1046–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13459927.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Changes in moonlight intensity can affect predation risk and induce changes in habitat use and activity of nocturnal species. However, the effect of moonlight on animal activity is rarely evaluated in human-modified landscapes and can be of vital importance to understand possible changes in ecosystem services provided by light-sensitive taxa, such as insectivorous bats. Fragmentation changes forest structure and affects light penetration across the landscape. In this case, the effects of fragmentation on bat activity can be modulated by cyclical variations of moonlight intensity. We acoustically quantified the activity of nine aerial insectivorous bat species in relation to moonlight at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Central Amazonia. We aimed to understand species-level variation in activity across habitats (continuous forest, fragments and secondary forest) at different temporal scales: lunar cycle, dark vs. bright nights and within nights. Amazonian aerial insectivorous bats responded more to habitat type than to moonlight, with two and six species showing reduced activity in fragments and secondary forest, respectively, compared to continuous forest. The lower activity in secondary forest suggests that despite c. 30 years of secondary forest regeneration, it is still less attractive as foraging habitat. An interactive effect of habitat type and moonlight on bat activity was most evident when contrasting dark and bright nights. Our results indicate that fragments have reduced bat activity on extremely bright nights, probably due to higher predation risk in small fragments. Species that emit constant-frequency calls (Pteronotus spp.) were the ones that most modulated their responses to habitat disturbance and moonlight. Otherwise, moonlight had little effect on hourly activity levels, irrespective of habitat type. Moonlight is capable of modulating the responses of some bat species in disturbed habitats, particularly in fragments.
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Kavwele, Cyrus M., J. Grant C. Hopcraft, Juan M. Morales, Gerald Nyaffi, Nancy Kimuya, and Colin J. Torney. "Real-time classification of Serengeti wildebeest behaviour with edge machine learning and a long-range IoT network." Canadian Journal of Zoology 103 (January 1, 2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2024-0075.
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Globally, animal populations are facing increasing levels of environmental disturbance. Human activity, land-use change, and global warming are altering migration routes, space use, activity budgets, and the behaviour of many wildlife species. Understanding impacts on wildlife at a fine scale is essential to identify locations of increased disturbance, mitigate its effects, and predict potential population level outcomes. In this work, we introduce a low-cost animal tracking system that integrates open-source electronics, edge machine learning, and an Internet of Things network, to provide real-time information on the location and behaviour of animals. The system employs an on-board machine learning algorithm to identify distinct behaviours and then transmits classification outputs along with location data over a long-range network. We deployed the system on wildebeest ( Connochaetes taurinus (Burchell, 1823)), in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, a highly social migratory ungulate population that is ecologically and economically vital to the region. Analysis of the transmitted data showed activity readings were consistent with location data and revealed biologically meaningful fluctuations in daily activity patterns. Our system introduces a new dimension to studying animal behaviour and movement ecology by offering immediate insights into the behaviour and location of collared animals.
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Mehr, Milenka, Roland Brandl, Thomas Kneib, and Jörg Müller. "The effect of bark beetle infestation and salvage logging on bat activity in a national park." Biodiversity and Conservation 21, no. 11 (2012): 2775–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13444039.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Salvage logging—the removal of dead trees in disturbed forest stands—has been controversially discussed. We investigated the impact of bark beetle attacks and subsequent salvage logging on insectivorous bats in a temperate mountain forest. We quantified bat activity (25,373 min counts; 32 plots) using batcorders during 221 all-night surveys in stands killed by bark beetles, with dead trees removed or not, and in vital, single- or multi-layered mature forest stands. We analysed the differences in activity of all bats in general and of bats of foraging guilds (open habitat, forest edge, closed habitat) in these habitats using a generalized linear Poisson mixed model, with plot and observation as random factors, and temperature and habitat as fixed factors. Only open-habitat foragers were slightly more active in salvage-logged stands than in bark-beetle-affected stands; they generally benefited from an open forest canopy, whereas closed-habitat foragers did not. Our results indicated that: (1) bats are less affected by salvage logging after a disturbance of a magnitude typical for European forests, probably because enough roosts are present in surrounding areas, (2) habitats for open foragers are improved by bark beetle infestation and (3) bats are poor bioindicators of negative impacts of salvage logging after natural disturbance in forests with a composition typical for Central Europe.
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Wang, Xueli, Xiaolong Du, Chunyan Zhao, et al. "The Wheel of Vegetation: A Spatial and Temporal Story of Vegetation Evolution in the Shennongjia Forest District." Forests 15, no. 12 (2024): 2252. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122252.
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As one of the most well-preserved areas in the vertical band spectrum of vegetation in central China and even in the northern hemisphere at the same latitude, the vegetation in Shennongjia Forest District is vital to global ecological balance. In order to fully understand the vegetation change in the study area, remotely sensed data since 1990, combined with the Sen-MK test, Geo detector, and LandTrendr algorithm, were used to analyze the vegetation distribution characteristics and change trends. The results showed that: (1) the overall NDVI in the study area displayed an upward trend. (2) Vegetation disturbance occurred frequently before 2000 and decreased significantly after 2000. The most severely disturbed year was 1991 when the disturbed area amounted to 4.0851 km2, accounting for 16.76% of the total disturbed area. The analysis of the topographic environment reveals that most of the vegetation disturbances occur in areas with slopes of 15–25° and elevations of 1500–2000 m, which indicates that these areas have frequent human activity. (3) The explanatory power of different influences on vegetation changes varied, with altitude having the most significant effect and the superposition of two influences increasing the effect on vegetation change. Over the past 30 years, vegetation in the Shennongjia Forest District has shown a general trend of recovery, with natural forest protection initiatives playing a critical role in mitigating disturbance. This comprehensive study of vegetation changes in Shennongjia offers a valuable research paradigm for forest conservation and sustainable development in temperate forests at similar latitudes, providing significant insights into the protection and management of similar ecosystems.
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Zuo, Yujun, Jian Wang, Longjun Dong, et al. "Optimization for U-Shaped Steel Support in Deep Tunnels under Coupled Static-Dynamic Loading." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (February 21, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4172103.
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With the effects of high geostress and intensive dynamic disturbances in deep mining, the stability and safety of tunnels are seriously affected. The optimization for U-shaped steel support is of vital significance and can solve the problems of cost reduction and tunnel instability. Based on the perturbation equation, a coupled formula for U-shaped steel and the surrounding rock mass was proposed to evaluate the practical stability of a U-shaped steel support. Through a numerical simulation method, the characteristics of U-shaped steel support can be obtained under coupled static-dynamic loading. Furthermore, the field test was carried out and compared with the numerical simulation, which was discussed. The results show that there will be a stress concentration when the contact area is small. In addition, the concentrated stress will release with the increase in contact area. With the increase in the lateral stress coefficient, the deformation exhibits a downward trend under static loading, indicating that the lateral stress is the dominant force driving the deep geostress activity. The support requirement of this section of surrounding rock can be satisfied by a U-shaped steel group with 1.5 m spacing under dynamic disturbance.
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Калинин, А. Л., А. И. Грицук, Э. Н. Платошкин, С. В. Воронин, and Е. Л. Красавцев. "DYSTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONICAL VIRAL HEPATITIS." Health and Ecology Issues 1, no. 1 (2004): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2004-1-1-17.
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In patients with chronical viral hepatitis the earlier signs of myocardiodystrophy are nonspecific changes in ECG of the finite part of ventricular complex and I-type diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle by Appleton. It has been detected that the decrease of Na+/T+-АТPase activity of erythrocytes along with the decrease of succinate dehydrogenase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes is to be considered as an earlier pre-clinic sign of intracellular energy metabolism disturbance at dystrophic affection of myocardium.
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Leonhardt, Steffen, Lennart Leicht, and Daniel Teichmann. "Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review." Sensors 18, no. 9 (2018): 3080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093080.
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This review provides an overview of unobtrusive monitoring techniques that could be used to monitor some of the human vital signs (i.e., heart activity, breathing activity, temperature and potentially oxygen saturation) in a car seat. It will be shown that many techniques actually measure mechanical displacement, either on the body surface and/or inside the body. However, there are also techniques like capacitive electrocardiogram or bioimpedance that reflect electrical activity or passive electrical properties or thermal properties (infrared thermography). In addition, photopleythysmographic methods depend on optical properties (like scattering and absorption) of biological tissues and—mainly—blood. As all unobtrusive sensing modalities are always fragile and at risk of being contaminated by disturbances (like motion, rapidly changing environmental conditions, triboelectricity), the scope of the paper includes a survey on redundant sensor arrangements. Finally, this review also provides an overview of automotive demonstrators for vital sign monitoring.