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Meramo, Katarina, Otso Ovaskainen, Enrico Bernard, Carina Rodrigues Silva, Veronika N. Laine, and Thomas M. Lilley. "Contrasting Effects of Chronic Anthropogenic Disturbance on Activity and Species Richness of Insectivorous Bats in Neotropical Dry Forest." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10 (June 7, 2022): 822415. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13443129.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) For prioritizing conservation actions, it is vital to understand how ecologically diverse species respond to environmental change caused by human activity. This is particularly necessary considering that chronic human disturbance is a threat to biodiversity worldwide. Depending on how species tolerate and adapt to such disturbance, ecological integrity and ecosystem services will be more or less affected. Bats are a species-rich and functionally diverse group, with important roles in ecosystems, and are therefore recognized as a good model group for assessing the impact of environmental change. Their populations have decreased in several regions, especially in the tropics, and are threatened by increasing human disturbance. Using passive acoustic monitoring, we assessed how the species-rich aerial insectivorous bats—essential for insect suppression services—respond to chronic human disturbance in the Caatinga dry forests of Brazil, an area potentially harboring ca. 100 bat species (nearly 50% are insectivorous), but with > 60% its area composed of anthropogenic ecosystems under chronic pressure. Acoustic data for bat activity was collected at research sites with varying amounts of chronic human disturbance (e.g., livestock grazing and firewood gathering). The intensity of the disturbance is indicated by the global multi-metric CAD index (GMDI). Using Animal Sound Identifier (ASI) software, we identified 18 different bat taxon units. Using Hierarchical Modeling of Species Communities (HMSC), we found trends in the association of the disturbance gradient with species richness and bat activity: species richness was higher at sites with higher human disturbance, whereas bat activity decreased with increasing human disturbance. Additionally, we observed taxon-specific responses to human disturbance. We conclude that the effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance on the insectivorous bat fauna in the Caatinga are not homogeneous and a species-specific approach is necessary when assessing the responses of local bats to human disturbances in tropical dry forests, and in other biomes under human pressure.
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Vulekovic, Petar, Milan Simic, Gordana Misic-Pavkov, Tomislav Cigic, Zeljko Kojadinovic, and Djula Djilvesi. "Traumatic brain injuries: Forensic and expertise aspects." Medical review 61, no. 9-10 (2008): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0810471v.
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Introduction. Traumatic brain injuries have major socio-economic importance due to their frequency, high mortality and serious consequences. According to their nature the consequences of these injuries may be classified as neurological, psychiatric and esthetic. Various lesions of brain structures cause neurological consequences such as disturbance of motor functions, sensibility, coordination or involuntary movements, speech disturbances and other deviations, as well as epilepsy. Psychiatric consequences include cognitive deficit, emotional disturbances and behavior disturbances. Criminal-legal aspect of traumatic brain injuries and litigation. Criminal-legal aspect of traumatic brain injuries expertise understands the qualification of these injuries as mild, serious and qualified serious body injuries as well as the expertise about the mechanisms of their occurrence. Litigation expertise includes the estimation of pain, fear, diminished, i.e. lost vital activity and disability, esthetic marring, and psychological suffer based on the diminished general vital activity and esthetic marring. Competence and timing of expertise. Evaluation of consequences of traumatic brain injuries should be performed only when it can be positively confirmed that they are permanent, i.e. at least one year after the injury. Expertise of these injuries is interdisciplinary. Among clinical doctors the most competent medical expert is the one who is in charge for diagnostics and injury treatment, with the recommendation to avoid, if possible, the doctor who conducted treatment. For the estimation of general vital activity, the neurological consequences, pain and esthetic marring expertise, the most competent doctors are neurosurgeon and neurologist. Psychological psychiatric consequences and fear expertise have to be performed by the psychiatrist. Specialists of forensic medicine contribute with knowledge of criminal low and legal expertise.
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Wu, Ruixin, Qi Chai, Jianquan Zhang, et al. "Impacts of burrows and mounds formed by plateau rodents on plant species diversity on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau." Rangeland Journal 37, no. 1 (2015): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14056.
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The relationships among environmental factors, rodent activity disturbance and plant-community diversity were studied across four sites in a prefecture of the ‘Three-River-Source’ region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. It was found that burrow number and mound area had little impact on plant diversity indices, which were mainly affected by altitude, soil total P and pH. Altitude and mound area, especially mound area, can strongly affect the aboveground biomass and the vegetation cover of plants was mainly influenced by mound area. There was some evidence that moderate levels of disturbance by rodents could lead to the highest levels of plant diversity. These findings indicated that moderate levels of disturbance by rodents may be beneficial to grassland productivity and plant diversity. Understanding these impacts is vital for better rangeland management practices so that rodents should be controlled within a suitable range rather than being exterminated.
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Appel, G., A. López‐Baucells, R. Rocha, C. F. J. Meyer, and P. E. D. Bobrowiec. "Habitat disturbance trumps moonlight effects on the activity of tropical insectivorous bats." Animal Conservation 24, no. 6 (2021): 1046–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13459927.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Changes in moonlight intensity can affect predation risk and induce changes in habitat use and activity of nocturnal species. However, the effect of moonlight on animal activity is rarely evaluated in human-modified landscapes and can be of vital importance to understand possible changes in ecosystem services provided by light-sensitive taxa, such as insectivorous bats. Fragmentation changes forest structure and affects light penetration across the landscape. In this case, the effects of fragmentation on bat activity can be modulated by cyclical variations of moonlight intensity. We acoustically quantified the activity of nine aerial insectivorous bat species in relation to moonlight at the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Central Amazonia. We aimed to understand species-level variation in activity across habitats (continuous forest, fragments and secondary forest) at different temporal scales: lunar cycle, dark vs. bright nights and within nights. Amazonian aerial insectivorous bats responded more to habitat type than to moonlight, with two and six species showing reduced activity in fragments and secondary forest, respectively, compared to continuous forest. The lower activity in secondary forest suggests that despite c. 30 years of secondary forest regeneration, it is still less attractive as foraging habitat. An interactive effect of habitat type and moonlight on bat activity was most evident when contrasting dark and bright nights. Our results indicate that fragments have reduced bat activity on extremely bright nights, probably due to higher predation risk in small fragments. Species that emit constant-frequency calls (Pteronotus spp.) were the ones that most modulated their responses to habitat disturbance and moonlight. Otherwise, moonlight had little effect on hourly activity levels, irrespective of habitat type. Moonlight is capable of modulating the responses of some bat species in disturbed habitats, particularly in fragments.
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Kavwele, Cyrus M., J. Grant C. Hopcraft, Juan M. Morales, Gerald Nyaffi, Nancy Kimuya, and Colin J. Torney. "Real-time classification of Serengeti wildebeest behaviour with edge machine learning and a long-range IoT network." Canadian Journal of Zoology 103 (January 1, 2025): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2024-0075.
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Globally, animal populations are facing increasing levels of environmental disturbance. Human activity, land-use change, and global warming are altering migration routes, space use, activity budgets, and the behaviour of many wildlife species. Understanding impacts on wildlife at a fine scale is essential to identify locations of increased disturbance, mitigate its effects, and predict potential population level outcomes. In this work, we introduce a low-cost animal tracking system that integrates open-source electronics, edge machine learning, and an Internet of Things network, to provide real-time information on the location and behaviour of animals. The system employs an on-board machine learning algorithm to identify distinct behaviours and then transmits classification outputs along with location data over a long-range network. We deployed the system on wildebeest ( Connochaetes taurinus (Burchell, 1823)), in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, a highly social migratory ungulate population that is ecologically and economically vital to the region. Analysis of the transmitted data showed activity readings were consistent with location data and revealed biologically meaningful fluctuations in daily activity patterns. Our system introduces a new dimension to studying animal behaviour and movement ecology by offering immediate insights into the behaviour and location of collared animals.
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Mehr, Milenka, Roland Brandl, Thomas Kneib, and Jörg Müller. "The effect of bark beetle infestation and salvage logging on bat activity in a national park." Biodiversity and Conservation 21, no. 11 (2012): 2775–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13444039.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Salvage logging—the removal of dead trees in disturbed forest stands—has been controversially discussed. We investigated the impact of bark beetle attacks and subsequent salvage logging on insectivorous bats in a temperate mountain forest. We quantified bat activity (25,373 min counts; 32 plots) using batcorders during 221 all-night surveys in stands killed by bark beetles, with dead trees removed or not, and in vital, single- or multi-layered mature forest stands. We analysed the differences in activity of all bats in general and of bats of foraging guilds (open habitat, forest edge, closed habitat) in these habitats using a generalized linear Poisson mixed model, with plot and observation as random factors, and temperature and habitat as fixed factors. Only open-habitat foragers were slightly more active in salvage-logged stands than in bark-beetle-affected stands; they generally benefited from an open forest canopy, whereas closed-habitat foragers did not. Our results indicated that: (1) bats are less affected by salvage logging after a disturbance of a magnitude typical for European forests, probably because enough roosts are present in surrounding areas, (2) habitats for open foragers are improved by bark beetle infestation and (3) bats are poor bioindicators of negative impacts of salvage logging after natural disturbance in forests with a composition typical for Central Europe.
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Wang, Xueli, Xiaolong Du, Chunyan Zhao, et al. "The Wheel of Vegetation: A Spatial and Temporal Story of Vegetation Evolution in the Shennongjia Forest District." Forests 15, no. 12 (2024): 2252. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15122252.
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As one of the most well-preserved areas in the vertical band spectrum of vegetation in central China and even in the northern hemisphere at the same latitude, the vegetation in Shennongjia Forest District is vital to global ecological balance. In order to fully understand the vegetation change in the study area, remotely sensed data since 1990, combined with the Sen-MK test, Geo detector, and LandTrendr algorithm, were used to analyze the vegetation distribution characteristics and change trends. The results showed that: (1) the overall NDVI in the study area displayed an upward trend. (2) Vegetation disturbance occurred frequently before 2000 and decreased significantly after 2000. The most severely disturbed year was 1991 when the disturbed area amounted to 4.0851 km2, accounting for 16.76% of the total disturbed area. The analysis of the topographic environment reveals that most of the vegetation disturbances occur in areas with slopes of 15–25° and elevations of 1500–2000 m, which indicates that these areas have frequent human activity. (3) The explanatory power of different influences on vegetation changes varied, with altitude having the most significant effect and the superposition of two influences increasing the effect on vegetation change. Over the past 30 years, vegetation in the Shennongjia Forest District has shown a general trend of recovery, with natural forest protection initiatives playing a critical role in mitigating disturbance. This comprehensive study of vegetation changes in Shennongjia offers a valuable research paradigm for forest conservation and sustainable development in temperate forests at similar latitudes, providing significant insights into the protection and management of similar ecosystems.
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Zuo, Yujun, Jian Wang, Longjun Dong, et al. "Optimization for U-Shaped Steel Support in Deep Tunnels under Coupled Static-Dynamic Loading." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (February 21, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4172103.
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With the effects of high geostress and intensive dynamic disturbances in deep mining, the stability and safety of tunnels are seriously affected. The optimization for U-shaped steel support is of vital significance and can solve the problems of cost reduction and tunnel instability. Based on the perturbation equation, a coupled formula for U-shaped steel and the surrounding rock mass was proposed to evaluate the practical stability of a U-shaped steel support. Through a numerical simulation method, the characteristics of U-shaped steel support can be obtained under coupled static-dynamic loading. Furthermore, the field test was carried out and compared with the numerical simulation, which was discussed. The results show that there will be a stress concentration when the contact area is small. In addition, the concentrated stress will release with the increase in contact area. With the increase in the lateral stress coefficient, the deformation exhibits a downward trend under static loading, indicating that the lateral stress is the dominant force driving the deep geostress activity. The support requirement of this section of surrounding rock can be satisfied by a U-shaped steel group with 1.5 m spacing under dynamic disturbance.
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Калинин, А. Л., А. И. Грицук, Э. Н. Платошкин, С. В. Воронин, and Е. Л. Красавцев. "DYSTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONICAL VIRAL HEPATITIS." Health and Ecology Issues 1, no. 1 (2004): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2004-1-1-17.
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In patients with chronical viral hepatitis the earlier signs of myocardiodystrophy are nonspecific changes in ECG of the finite part of ventricular complex and I-type diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle by Appleton. It has been detected that the decrease of Na+/T+-АТPase activity of erythrocytes along with the decrease of succinate dehydrogenase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes is to be considered as an earlier pre-clinic sign of intracellular energy metabolism disturbance at dystrophic affection of myocardium.
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Leonhardt, Steffen, Lennart Leicht, and Daniel Teichmann. "Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments—A Review." Sensors 18, no. 9 (2018): 3080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093080.
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This review provides an overview of unobtrusive monitoring techniques that could be used to monitor some of the human vital signs (i.e., heart activity, breathing activity, temperature and potentially oxygen saturation) in a car seat. It will be shown that many techniques actually measure mechanical displacement, either on the body surface and/or inside the body. However, there are also techniques like capacitive electrocardiogram or bioimpedance that reflect electrical activity or passive electrical properties or thermal properties (infrared thermography). In addition, photopleythysmographic methods depend on optical properties (like scattering and absorption) of biological tissues and—mainly—blood. As all unobtrusive sensing modalities are always fragile and at risk of being contaminated by disturbances (like motion, rapidly changing environmental conditions, triboelectricity), the scope of the paper includes a survey on redundant sensor arrangements. Finally, this review also provides an overview of automotive demonstrators for vital sign monitoring.
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Rong, Yuping, Jun Ren, Wei Song, et al. "Resveratrol Suppresses Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Induced Microcirculation Disturbance through Targeting SIRT1-FOXO1 Axis." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (February 9, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8891544.
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Background. Resveratrol (RSV), one of the SIRT1 agonists, has the ability of alleviating severe acute pancreatitis (SAP); however, the concrete protective mechanism remains unknown. It is noteworthy that microcirculation disturbance plays a vital role in SAP, and the SIRT1/FOX1 axis can regulate microcirculation. Therefore, this study is aimed at ascertaining what is the underlying mechanism of the protective effect of RSV on SAP, and whether it is associated with alleviating microcirculation disturbance by regulating the SIRT1/FOX1 axis. Method. The model of SAP was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurodeoxycholate into the bile duct of the rats. The pancreatic wet/dry weight, ET/NO, and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratios; microcirculatory function; and SIRT1 activity were examined. ELISA was used to examine the serum level of lipase, amylase, hemorheology, ET, NO, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1α and the content of SIRT1, VEGF, Ang I, and Ang II in the pancreas. RT-PCR was used to examine the mRNA level of VEGF, Ang I, and Ang II. Western blotting was used to detect SIRT1, FOXO1, and acetyl-FOXO1. Immunoprecipitation was used to examine the interaction of SIRT1 and FOXO1. Results. Resveratrol can significantly decrease the expression of lipase, amylase, acetyl-FOXO1, VEGF, Ang II, ET, NO, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1α and the ratio of wet/dry weight, ET/NO, and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α by improving microcirculatory dysfunction and blood viscosity in SAP. Moreover, resveratrol can also promote the interaction of SIRT1 and FOXO1 and increase SIRT1 activity and the expression of SIRT1 and Ang I. The SIRT1 inhibitor, Sirtinol (EX527), obliviously reversed the effects of RSV on SAP. Conclusion. Resveratrol can protect rats against SAP, and its protective mechanism is associated with suppressing microcirculation disturbance through activating SIRT1-FOXO1 axis.
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Jamaluddin, Aniza, Hanis Diyana Kamarudin, and Ahmad Zam Hariro. "Benefits of Implementing Business Continuity Plan in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Systematic Literature Review." 15TH GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES ON 14 - 15 SEPTEMBER 2023, NOVOTEL BANGKOK PLATINUM PRATUNAM, THAILAND 15, no. 1 (2023): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2023.1(176).
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Business Continuity Plan (BCP) is made to protect vital records and avoiding the disturbance of business activity. A proper plan may also minimize the effects The Business Continuity Management (BCM) requires a comprehensive, holistic, and integrated approach. The Information Technology (IT) dimensions in an organisation are not the only components and factors for business continuity's success. Other non-IT factors are involved that may be crucial for business continuity such as people, physical premises, the supply chain, etc. In other words, we consider the role of records management in achieving the greater availability of vital records, hence enhancing business continuity. A documented and established vital records programme in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is crucial for safeguarding and the recovery of business records. To be successful, BCM must fully incorporated across the entire organisation as a crucial management process. Although there are many studies focused on business continuity plan and the benefits of its implementation, there were still insufficient number of current researchers who reviewed systematically the existing study that focus on SMEs. Therefore, the outcome of this study will contribute to future studies of business continuity planning and the records management aspects in SMEs. Keywords: Business Continuity Plan, Small Medium Enterprises, Benefits and Advantages
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Strasser, A. "Global change and the decline of coral reefs." Geographica Helvetica 54, no. 3 (1999): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-54-125-1999.
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Abstract. Ever since coral reefs exist, changing environmental conditions have periodically led to their decline. However, within the perspective of geological time-spans, corals have always managed to re-install themselves. Today, human activity has enhanced stress factors and added new ones that cause a rapid and (on the human time-scale) irreversible decline of many reef ecosystems. The reasons for the disturbance of these complex communities are multiple, but global warming is a key factor. As a result, coral reefs lose their vital role of protecting coastal areas from flooding and storm impact and of creating habitats for numerous marine organisms. In this short article, natural and anthropogenically induced stress factors are discussed, and measures for mitigating or stopping coral-reef decline are proposed.
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Sandoval‐Herrera, Natalia, Castillo Jesusa Paz, Montalvo L. Gerardo Herrera, and Kenneth C. Welch. "Micronucleus Test Reveals Genotoxic Effects in Bats Associated with Agricultural Activity." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 40, no. 1 (2021): 202–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13424477.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Abstract Bats play a vital role in our ecosystems and economies as natural pest‐control agents, seed dispersers, and pollinators. Agricultural intensification, however, can impact bats foraging near crops, affecting the ecosystem services they provide. Exposure to pesticides, for example, may induce chromosome breakage or missegregation that can result in micronucleus formation. Detection of micronuclei is a simple, inexpensive, and relatively minimally invasive technique commonly used to evaluate chemical genotoxicity but rarely applied to assess wildlife genotoxic effects. We evaluated the suitability of the micronucleus test as a biomarker of genotoxicity for biomonitoring field studies in bats. We collected blood samples from insectivorous bats roosting in caves surrounded by different levels of disturbance (agriculture, human settlements) in Colima and Jalisco, west central Mexico. Then, we examined the frequency of micronucleus inclusions in erythrocytes using differentially stained blood smears. Bats from caves surrounded by proportionately more (53%) land used for agriculture and irrigated year‐round had higher micronucleus frequency than bats from a less disturbed site (15% agriculture). We conclude that the micronucleus test is a sensitive method to evaluate genotoxic effects in free‐ranging bats and could provide a useful biomarker for evaluating risk of exposure in wild populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:202–207. © 2020 SETAC
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Derfuss, Tobias, Helmut Fickenscher, Michael S. Kraft, et al. "Antiapoptotic Activity of the Herpesvirus Saimiri-Encoded Bcl-2 Homolog: Stabilization of Mitochondria and Inhibition of Caspase-3-Like Activity." Journal of Virology 72, no. 7 (1998): 5897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.7.5897-5904.1998.
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ABSTRACT Viruses have evolved different strategies to interfere with host cell apoptosis. Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) and other lymphotropic herpesviruses code for proteins that are homologous to the cellular antiapoptotic Bcl-2. In this study HVS-Bcl-2 was stably expressed in the human leukemia cell line Jurkat and in the murine T-cell hybridoma DO to assess its antiapoptotic spectrum and to gain further insight into its mode of action. HVS- Bcl-2 prevented apoptosis that occurs as a result of a disturbance of intracellular homeostasis by, for example, DNA damage or menadione, which gives rise to oxygen radicals. In Jurkat cells, HVS-Bcl-2 also inhibited apoptosis mediated by the death receptor CD95. In DO cells, HVS-Bcl-2 did not interfere with CD95-mediated apoptosis but blocked dexamethasone-induced cell death. Mitochondrial damage is a central coordinating event in apoptosis induced by different stimuli. To assess the integrity of mitochondria, we used rhodamine 123, which is released upon disturbance of the mitochondrial membrane potential, and determined the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Both signs of mitochondrial damage were prevented by HVS-Bcl-2. This viral protein also inhibited the generation of caspase-3-like DEVDase activity and blocked the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a natural substrate of caspase-3-like proteases. In conclusion, HVS-Bcl-2 protects against a great variety of apoptotic stimuli, stabilizes mitochondria, and acts upstream of the generation of caspase-3-like activity.
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Karnaukhov, Vladislav E., Ekaterina A. Narodova, Natalya A. Shnayder, Valeria V. Narodova, Diana V. Dmitrenko, and Regina F. Nasyrova. "Role of essential amino acid tryptophan in causing sleep disorders and anxiety-depressive disorders." Человек и его здоровье 25, no. 2 (2022): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21626/vestnik/2022-2/02.
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Sleep is one of the most important and vital physiological processes in the human body. In addition to the length of daylight hours, the nature of work activity, bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse, excessive consumption of caffeine-containing drinks, psychostimulants), the factors that violate the duration and quality of sleep include the nature and style of nutrition, as well as eating habits that affect daily intake vital nutrients (vitamins, essential amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.). Tryptophan is one of the essential amino acids associated with sleep disturbance. Given the high clinical significance of sleep disorders in the development of neurological diseases and mental disorders, the interest of researchers in the study of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for sleep disorders is growing. Objective: to analyze and systematize the results of fundamental and clinical studies of recent years on the role of tryptophan in the development of sleep disorders and anxiety-depressive disorders in adults. Materials and methods. This thematic review included available full-text publications obtained as a result of a literary search in the domestic (E-Library) and foreign databases (PubMed, Scopus, Oxford University Press, Springer, Web of Science Core Collection). Results. The role of tryptophan as a key link in the synthesis of melatonin and serotonin in the occurrence of sleep disorders and anxiety-depressive disorders is significant and can be used for further study. Conclusion. Based on the review of the literature, it can be concluded that one of the important mechanisms of sleep disturbance and the occurrence of anxiety and depressive disorders is insufficient intake of tryptophan in the body. This pattern is a consequence of the consumption of food with a low content of this essential amino acid. Considering the consequences that tryptophan depletion can lead to in the human body, competent nutritional support is a necessary measure.
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Jeenalieva, G. M. "THE SIGNS OF CARBOHYDRATE-LIPID METABOLISM DISTURBANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C." Hepatology and Gastroenterology 5, no. 1 (2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2021-5-1-56-60.
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Background. Viral hepatitis C (CHC) is an urgent problem due to its prevalence, high risk of developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Viral hepatitis C can cause disruption of many biochemical processes in the liver cells, primarily that of carbohydrate - lipid metabolism. Objective. To study carbohydrate-lipid metabolism disturbances in patients with CHC. Material and methods. The study included 124 patients with paucisymptomatic chronic hepatitis C. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the indicators recommended by the Committee of Experts of the Russian Society of Cardiology (2007). Results. The parameters of lipid metabolism were studied in 52 of 124 patients with CHC. 29 of 52 patients with CHC (55.7%) showed a decrease in HDL cholesterol and an increase in LDL cholesterol, including a 2- fold increase in VLDL. The metabolic syndrome was detected in 22.5% of patients with CHC, 62.9% of patients had the manifestations of dyslipidemia (steatosis or steatohepatitis of the liver, obesity, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus). Conclusions. In patients with CHC, carbohydrate-lipid metabolism disturbance was revealed as an integral indicator of metabolic syndrome, its incidence rising with the increase in activity and duration of the infectious process.
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Piruzyan, L. A. "Disturbance in oscillatory and rotational movements in living systems in the infrared range as a vital activity factor whose changes result in molecular pathology." Human Physiology 32, no. 3 (2006): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0362119706030200.
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Jamil, Mokhtar, and Merisdawati. "Student Gadget Habits With Eye Disturbance And Visual Acuity." Jurnal Kesehatan dr. Soebandi 12, no. 2 (2024): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36858/jkds.v12i2.528.
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Vision is one of the problems that need to be considered because vision is crucial as it plays a vital role in various aspects of life, including the educational process. Vision is additionally a factor that contributes to a decline in an individual's quality of life. The increasing use of gadgets raises concerns about the negative effects it has on vision function. The objective of this research was to identify the relationship between the habit of using gadgets with physical eye complaints and visual acuity in students. The research design was cross sectional with a population of 196 with a sample of 100 respondents. The variable of habit of using gadgets was measured using a questionnaire, subjective complaints using a questionnaire and visual acuity was measured using the Snellen Chart. The statistical test used is Chi Square. The results showed that the majority of the habit of using gadgets was in the bad category (69%), the majority of the eye physical complaints were low (55%), and the majority of the visual acuity was normal (75%). The results of the chi square statistical test between the habit of using gadgets with physical eye complaints did not have a relationship (p = 0.648) and the relationship variable between the habits of using gadgets and visual acuity also had no relationship (p = 0.708). Several factors that are thought to influence this result are the age of the respondents, the majority of whom are teenagers (92%), the indicators in eye physical complaints are dominated by eye fatigue (60%) while other complaints have a low impact on complaints in general. Other physical complaints do not appear much. presumably because when the respondents felt tired, they rested their eyes. The decrease in visual acuity is a long-term damage, while the habit of using gadgets in the majority of respondents is classified as a bad habit, but due to other factors such as young age, nutritional intake, and maintained activity patterns can slow down the process of decreasing visual acuity. It is hoped that this research can develop how long the use of gadgets can have an impact on decreasing visual acuity.priority in various child health and education programs. With the right understanding and action, we can help create a healthier and more potential future generation.
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Sajdel-Sulkowska, Elizabeth M. "Neuropsychiatric Ramifications of COVID-19: Short-Chain Fatty Acid Deficiency and Disturbance of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Signaling." BioMed Research International 2021 (October 5, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7880448.
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COVID-19-associated neuropsychiatric complications are soaring. There is an urgent need to understand the link between COVID-19 and neuropsychiatric disorders. To that end, this article addresses the premise that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in gut dysbiosis and an altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis that in turn contributes to the neuropsychiatric ramifications of COVID-19. Altered MGB axis activity has been implicated independently as a risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. A review of the changes in gut microbiota composition in individual psychiatric and neurological disorders and gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients revealed a shared “microbial signature” characterized by a lower microbial diversity and richness and a decrease in health-promoting anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria accompanied by an increase in opportunistic proinflammatory pathogens. Notably, there was a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria. SCFAs are key bioactive microbial metabolites with anti-inflammatory functions and have been recognized as a critical signaling pathway in the MGB axis. SCFA deficiency is associated with brain inflammation, considered a cardinal feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. The link between SARS-CoV-2 infection, gut dysbiosis, and altered MGB axis is further supported by COVID-19-associated gastrointestinal symptoms, a high number of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, angiotensin-cleaving enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in the gut, and viral presence in the fecal matter. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the receptor results in ACE-2 deficiency that leads to decreased transport of vital dietary components, gut dysbiosis, proinflammatory gut status, increased permeability of the gut-blood barrier (GBB), and systemic inflammation. More clinical research is needed to substantiate further the linkages described above and evaluate the potential significance of gut microbiota as a diagnostic tool. Meanwhile, it is prudent to propose changes in dietary recommendations in favor of a high fiber diet or supplementation with SCFAs or probiotics to prevent or alleviate the neuropsychiatric ramifications of COVID-19.
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Sajdel-Sulkowska, Elizabeth M. "Neuropsychiatric Ramifications of COVID-19: Short-Chain Fatty Acid Deficiency and Disturbance of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Signaling." BioMed Research International 2021 (October 5, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7880448.
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COVID-19-associated neuropsychiatric complications are soaring. There is an urgent need to understand the link between COVID-19 and neuropsychiatric disorders. To that end, this article addresses the premise that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in gut dysbiosis and an altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis that in turn contributes to the neuropsychiatric ramifications of COVID-19. Altered MGB axis activity has been implicated independently as a risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. A review of the changes in gut microbiota composition in individual psychiatric and neurological disorders and gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients revealed a shared “microbial signature” characterized by a lower microbial diversity and richness and a decrease in health-promoting anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria accompanied by an increase in opportunistic proinflammatory pathogens. Notably, there was a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria. SCFAs are key bioactive microbial metabolites with anti-inflammatory functions and have been recognized as a critical signaling pathway in the MGB axis. SCFA deficiency is associated with brain inflammation, considered a cardinal feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. The link between SARS-CoV-2 infection, gut dysbiosis, and altered MGB axis is further supported by COVID-19-associated gastrointestinal symptoms, a high number of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, angiotensin-cleaving enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in the gut, and viral presence in the fecal matter. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the receptor results in ACE-2 deficiency that leads to decreased transport of vital dietary components, gut dysbiosis, proinflammatory gut status, increased permeability of the gut-blood barrier (GBB), and systemic inflammation. More clinical research is needed to substantiate further the linkages described above and evaluate the potential significance of gut microbiota as a diagnostic tool. Meanwhile, it is prudent to propose changes in dietary recommendations in favor of a high fiber diet or supplementation with SCFAs or probiotics to prevent or alleviate the neuropsychiatric ramifications of COVID-19.
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Kanwal Khanzada, Saania, Syeda Hufsa Asif, Syeda Maheen Jawad, Malaika Raffial, Wajahat Haider, and Nighat Afraz. "PREVALENCE OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE DISTURBANCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, ISLAMABAD WITH ASSOCIATED FACTORS." Insights-Journal of Health and Rehabilitation 2, no. 2 (Health & Allied) (2024): 205–12. https://doi.org/10.71000/ijhr119.
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Background: Balance, a vital component of human health, involves coordination between the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual systems. University students are particularly susceptible to balance disturbances due to sedentary behavior, poor lifestyle habits, and fluctuating BMI, all of which can affect both static and dynamic balance. Identifying the prevalence and factors influencing balance disturbances in this population is essential to support targeted interventions that reduce health risks associated with balance impairment. Objective: To determine the prevalence of static and dynamic balance disturbances among university students, evaluate gender differences, and examine the impact of BMI on balance stability. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 394 university students, selected using Slovin’s formula for sample size calculation. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire encompassing demographics, anthropometric data, and specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Balance assessments included the Stork Test, Single Leg Stance (eyes open and closed) for static balance, and the Y Balance Test and Timed Up and Go Test for dynamic balance. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: The study sample (n = 394) had a mean age of 21.58 ± 1.64 years. BMI distribution indicated 12.5% underweight, 75.1% normal weight, and 12.4% overweight. Male participants demonstrated greater balance stability compared to females, with mean Stork Test times of 4.79 ± 0.407 seconds for males and 4.96 ± 0.198 seconds for females. Static balance impairments were more prevalent than dynamic ones, and higher BMI was correlated with poorer balance. Participants with normal BMI achieved higher reach distances (107.07 ± 12.56 cm) in the Y Balance Test compared to overweight individuals (86.05 ± 15.23 cm). Conclusion: A significant prevalence of balance disturbances was observed, with static impairments more common than dynamic. Higher BMI, low physical activity levels, and sedentary habits were associated with poorer balance, whereas an active lifestyle contributed to improved balance control.
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Tsikunov, Sergey G., Anna G. Pshenichnaya, Natalia N. Klyueva, Tatiana V. Vinogradova, and Aleksandr D. Denisenko. "Vital stress causes long-lasting behavioral disorders and lipid metabolism deviations in female rats." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 14, no. 4 (2016): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf14432-41.
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Summary. Female rats after the vital stress caused by experience of the circumstances of the death of a partner from the actions of the predator showed long-lasting behavioral disturbances, such as decreased locomotor activity, exploratory activity, increased anxiety and aggression. Indicators of lipid metabolism of rats were altered in comparison with control at different time after exposure. These changes through two months later a single stress and right after second psychogenic trauma were characterized by reduced total cholesterol and cholesterol of high density lipoproteins in serum and increased triglycerides in the liver. The severity of behavioral disorders and deviations from the control values of indicators of lipid metabolism in female rats depended on the phases of the estrous cycle. The revealed deviations are discussed in terms of post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Elavarasi, Sivakumar, Saranya V., and Swaminathan Porchelvan. "Interconnection between the Timing of Physical Activity and Control of Diabetes in Type 2 DM Patients." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research 15, no. 03 (2023): 81–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12636997.
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Aim: To associate the timing of Physical activity and control of Diabetes in Type 2 DMpatients.Objective: To study the timing of Physical activity in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients.Background & Introduction: Type -2 Diabetes mellitus, is one of the common chronicdiseases, where there is a disturbance in using the excess glucose getting entering into theblood. Thereby high glucose levels in the blood lead to disorders of the nervous, circulatory,and immune systems. Physical activity promotes positive self-image and good well-being.World health organization defines physical activity as any body movement in which theskeletal muscle is taking part that requires a lot of energy. Regular physical activity helps todecrease the morbidity from many non - communicable diseases. Knowledge about regularphysical activity, type of physical activity and the timings to be followed to perform theactivities among diabetes patients results in control of their glycemic status.Methods and Methodology: 500 known cases of Type 2 Diabetes patients were enrolled inthe study. Reports necessary for glycaemic status are collected. Physical activity or exercisehistory obtained from the patients.Results: The person who did regular physical activity had better control of diabetes thanthose who did not do regular physical activity.Conclusion: Globally it is very important to promote the importance of physical activitywhich can act as a single component that can reduce the risk of developing earlycomplications and also act as a vital component for the prevention as well as management oftype 2 diabetes. It must also be recognized that regular physical activity in improving theabnormalities in the metabolism of type 2 diabetes is probably the highest. This study helps tobe aware of the morbidity associated with their lifestyle habits. Further, it also helps inchanging their lifestyle from a sedentary lifestyle which will help in reducing the higherglycemic status and comorbidities
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Potapenko, Y., O. Dyomshina, and G. Ushakova. "The role of mitochondria in the myocardium of senescent Meriones unguiculates." Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 8, no. 4 (2017): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021779.
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According to the mitochondrial theory of aging, changes in the functional state of mitochondria, which lead to excessive formation of active forms of oxygen, are the main factor in the development of age changes in organs and tissues of the whole organism. The assessment of the mitochondria state of the heart of senescent gerbils (Mongolian Gerbilia, Meriones unguiculates Milne-Edwards, 1867). It is proved that the aging of the heart is preceded by the appearance of dysfunction in mitochondria. The disturbance of metabolic processes in the myocardium of gerbils over the age of two years was established, which was accompanied by activation of oxidative stress by increasing the concentration of TBK-active compounds. An increase in the concentration of cytochrome C in cytosol has been shown due to the destructive effects of oxidized products on the outer membrane of mitochondria and enhancement of its permeability. The violation of bioenergetic processes, increase of the anaerobic respiration and the accumulation of lactate and unoxidative metabolites, which increases oxidative stress and cell damage, are determined. We established that for gerbils the critical age for senescence is 24 months. Major metabolic changes in the heart occur mostly at this age. This is marked by activation of prooxidants formation, proteolytic processes (decrease in total protein concentration) and inhibition of aminotransferase activity in cytosol. The switching of metabolic processes in the mitochondria of the heart with the participation of aminotransferases has been registered: increased activity of the mitochondrial isoenzyme alanine aminotransferase and reciprocal reduction of aspartate aminotransferase. After two years of age in the experimental gerbils the intensification of adaptive processes was established: activation of catalase, γ-glutamyltransferase, relative restoration of the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, thus maintaining the processes of the vital activity of the whole organism, but at a new metabolic level. With age, irreversible damage to cardiomyocytes occurs, which gradually lose the ability to convert lactate, resulting in its increase, and the processes of its utilization are inhibited. The results confirm the key role of mitochondria in the process of aging of the myocardium. However, when gerbils reach the 36 months of age the metabolic disturbances in the myocardium reach their peak, resulting in large-scale cell damage.
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Zhao, Jin-Ming, Chen Yang, Ying-Qiang Lou, Mei Shi, Yun Fang, and Yue-Hua Sun. "Nesting season, nest age, and disturbance, but not habitat characteristics, affect nest survival of Chinese grouse." Current Zoology 66, no. 1 (2019): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoz024.
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Abstract Nest survival is a vital component of breeding success, and affects population dynamics, as the loss of nests is the main cause of reproductive failure in birds. To identify key factors for the conservation of Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi, we tested the effects of nest concealment, nest age, nesting season, and habitat edge on nest daily survival rate (DSR) of Chinese grouse using 54 nests found at Lianhuashan Nature Reserve, Gansu, China, 2009–2012. Moreover, we controlled for the effect of research activity by testing the effect of nest checks on DSR. Overall, mammal predation caused 93% of nest failures. DSR was 0.986 ± 0.0038 in the constant model and the probability of a nest with a full clutch of 6 eggs surviving the entire 40-day nesting period was 0.526 ± 0.090. DSR decreased with nest age and nesting season (from 19 May to 3 July). Mammals instead of avian predators being responsible for most nest failures suggest that nest sites might be selected to avoid visual avian predators, but not olfactory mammalian predators, and the decreasing trend of DSR with nest age and nesting season could attribute to an additive exposure effect. Moreover, nest checks conducted by investigators significantly lowered nest DSR, especially during the late period of nesting season and for older nests. Mammalian predators might locate the nest site by following the investigator’s odor. Based on our results, we suggest that the late incubation stage is a particularly vulnerable period for nest survival of Chinese grouse and those researchers should adjust their activities around nests to balance the need of acquiring accurate data and decreasing nest predation risk.
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Tizabi, Yousef, Samia Bennani, Nacer El Kouhen, Bruk Getachew, and Michael Aschner. "Heavy Metal Interactions with Neuroglia and Gut Microbiota: Implications for Huntington’s Disease." Cells 13, no. 13 (2024): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells13131144.
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Huntington’s disease (HD) is a rare but progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive decline, executive dysfunction, and neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety and depression. It follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Thus, a child who has a parent with the mutated huntingtin (mHTT) gene has a 50% chance of developing the disease. Since the HTT protein is involved in many critical cellular processes, including neurogenesis, brain development, energy metabolism, transcriptional regulation, synaptic activity, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, and autophagy, its aberrant aggregates lead to the disruption of numerous cellular pathways and neurodegeneration. Essential heavy metals are vital at low concentrations; however, at higher concentrations, they can exacerbate HD by disrupting glial–neuronal communication and/or causing dysbiosis (disturbance in the gut microbiota, GM), both of which can lead to neuroinflammation and further neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss in detail the interactions of iron, manganese, and copper with glial–neuron communication and GM and indicate how this knowledge may pave the way for the development of a new generation of disease-modifying therapies in HD.
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Lôo, H., H. Ganry, H. Dufour, et al. "Long-Term Use of Tianeptine in 380 Depressed Patients." British Journal of Psychiatry 160, S15 (1992): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296700.
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Tianeptine is a new tricyclic compound whose principal action is to increase the reuptake of serotonin. In a multicentre trial in which 380 depressed patients were treated for one year, tianeptine produced a significant reduction in the MADRS scores from day 14, with a sustained reduction maintained for up to 12 months; other measures of efficacy (HRSA, HSCL, and CGI) also reflected the improvement. Only 11% of patients withdrew because of recurrence of depression and 2% because of side-effects, which were mainly drowsiness, irritability, and gastrointestinal disturbance. Apart from a minor reduction in heart rate, unaccompanied by any conduction changes, no clinically relevant changes in vital signs or laboratory tests were seen. Seven subjects who attempted suicide by tianeptine overdose had favourable outcomes, in spite of also taking other psychotropic drugs or alcohol. No evidence of tolerance or withdrawal symptoms was seen after treatment was stopped. These results suggest that tianeptine has the potential to provide safe antidepressant activity in both the acute and chronic phases of treatment.
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Shirazi, F., and D. P. Kontoyiannis. "The Calcineurin Pathway Inhibitor Tacrolimus Enhances the In Vitro Activity of Azoles against Mucorales via Apoptosis." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 9 (2013): 1225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00138-13.
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ABSTRACT The calcineurin pathway regulates antifungal drug resistance and the virulence of several major human-pathogenic fungi, including the recalcitrant Mucorales . We hypothesized that the fungistatic triazoles posaconazole (PCZ) and itraconazole (ICZ) become fungicidal in the setting of the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus (TCR) and that such an effect is mediated through apoptosis. Fungicidal activity and apoptosis were studied using standard microbiological techniques and hyphal metabolic and vital dye reduction assays at 37°C in RPMI 1640. Apoptosis was characterized by detecting intracellular Ca 2+ , phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, DNA fragmentation, plasma membrane integrity, chromatin condensation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, caspase-like activity, ATP, and cytochrome c release. MICs for PCZ and ICZ alone were significantly higher (8 to 128 μg/ml) than those of PCZ or ICZ plus TCR (0.25 to 4 μg/ml) for Rhizopus oryzae , Cunninghamella bertholletiae , and Mucor circinelloides . Both PCZ and ICZ in combination with TCR became fungicidal, and their activity was mediated through increased apoptotic cell death of R. oryzae (10 to 50%), C. bertholletiae (5 to 50%), and M. circinelloides (5 to 55%) germlings, with morphological apoptotic changes characterized by externalization of PS, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, activation of the caspase-like activity was correlated with cell death induced by TCR plus PCZ or ICZ. These changes correlated with elevated intracellular Ca 2+ and ROS levels and disturbance of mitochondrial potential. We found that PCZ or ICZ in combination with TCR renders Mucorales sensitive to triazoles via apoptotic death. These observations could serve as a new paradigm for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Khan, Md Mostaured Ali, Masud Karim, Ahmed Zohirul Islam, Md Rafiqul Islam, Hafiz T. A. Khan, and Md Ibrahim Khalilullah. "Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents in Bangladesh: do eating habits and physical activity have a gender differential effect?" Journal of Biosocial Science 51, no. 6 (2019): 843–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932019000142.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the gender differential effects of eating habits and physical activity on overweight and obesity among school-aged adolescents in Bangladesh. Nationally representative data extracted from the 2014 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) were utilized. The survey collected information related to physical and mental health from 2989 school-aged adolescents in Bangladesh. An exploratory data analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were employed in this study. Female adolescents were at a lower risk of being overweight or obese (AOR=0.573) than males, with a prevalence of 7.4% (males: 9.9%). The results showed that high consumption of vegetables (both: AOR=0.454; males: AOR=0.504; females: AOR=0.432), high soft drink consumption (both: AOR=2.357; males: AOR=2.929; females: AOR=1.677), high fast food consumption (both: AOR=2.777; males: AOR=6.064; females: AOR=1.695), sleep disturbance (both: AOR=0.675; males: AOR=0.590; females: AOR=0.555) and regular walking or cycling to school (both: AOR=0.472; males: AOR=0.430; females: AOR=0.557) were vital influencing factors for being overweight or obese among adolescents for both sexes. Sedentary activities during leisure time were also identified as significant predictors of being overweight or obese for males. Regular fruit and vegetable consumption, the avoidance of soft drinks and fast food, an increase in vigorous physical activity, regular attendance at physical education classes and fewer sedentary leisure time activities could all help reduce the risk of being overweight or obese for both sexes.
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Liew, Thor-Seng, Liz Price, and Gopalasamy Reuben Clements. "Using Google Earth to Improve the Management of Threatened Limestone Karst Ecosystems in Peninsular Malaysia." Tropical Conservation Science 9, no. 2 (2016): 903–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13512657.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) In a world of limited resources and so many species and habitats in need of protection, informed prioritization is essential. However, we cannot prioritize effectively if historical and current information regarding a particular habitat or species remains scattered. Several good platforms have been created to help users find, use and create biodiversity information. However, good platforms for sharing habitat information for threatened ecosystems are still lacking. Limestone hills are an example of threatened ecosystems that harbor unique biodiversity, but are facing intensifying anthropogenic disturbances. As limestone is a vital resource for the construction industry, it is not possible to completely halt forest degradation and quarrying in developing countries such as Malaysia, where 445 limestone hills have been recorded in the peninsula to date. As such, there is an urgent need to identify which hills must be prioritized for conservation. To make decisions based on sound science, collating spatial and biological information on limestone hills into a publicly accessible database is critical. Here, we compile Malaysia's first limestone hill GIS map for 445 limestone hills in the peninsula, based on information from geological reports and scientific literature. To assist in conservation prioritization efforts, we quantified characteristics of limestone hills in terms of size, degree of isolation, and spatial distribution patterns. We also assessed the degree of habitat disturbance in each limestone hill in terms of buffer area forest degradation and quarrying activity. These data are stored in a KMZ file and can be accessed through the Google Earth interface. Rather than being viewed as a final output containing basic limestone hill information, this database should be regarded as a foundational platform for users to collect, store, update and manipulate spatial and biological data from limestone hills to better inform decisions regarding their management.
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Bidak, Volodymyr Ya. "Social vulnerability of the population of Ukraine in the focus of strengthening national security." Regional Economy, no. 3(109) (2023): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2023-3-6.
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The article emphasizes the vulnerability of the Ukrainian population in terms of risks and threats of a full-scale war of Russia against Ukraine, primarily in the determinants of the political, economic, and social components with a priority emphasis on the importance of security. Attention is focused on the review of the factors of the geopolitical and geoeconomic nature of vulnerability, especially in the socio-humanistic context in relation to the Ukrainian population. The article shows that social vulnerability highlights the disturbance of the balance of stability of dynamic equilibrium in the vital activity of the “population” system at various levels of its organization, which reflects the well-being of a human on riskogenic influences in the social environment in the ratio of the terms “vulnerability – sustainability”, generating corresponding changes in one’s vital activity in further stochastic life strategies. The problems of social vulnerability are highlighted especially through the economic sector. When considering the multifactorial nature of its occurrence, diagnosis, assessment, analysis, and forecasting of the consequential effects of the manifestation of many stressful situations, social vulnerability is tracked through the optics of the reflection of the population itself on the growth of risks and threats of various origins. The article suggests a concept of social deficit, which reveals the phenomenon of imbalance in society’s ability to meet the needs of citizens in social security protection against vulnerability in the conditions of uneven socio-economic development of regions and violation of the proportions of their social protection potential. At the same time, the characteristics of the emergence, manifestation, and accumulation of socially acceptable deficits of a safe society are markers of the understanding of social vulnerability, which delineate the boundary that the society in riskgenous states should not cross due to the reasons of falling into particularly difficult social conditions due to limited resources for further satisfying the needs and rights of the population.
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Wang, Sishi, Xin Tan, and Fenglei Fan. "Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment and Impact Factor Analysis of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (2022): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194726.
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The Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is one of the most vulnerable ecosystems worldwide. Over the last few decades, the QTP has been subjected to increasing external pressures, such as climate change, human activity, and natural hazards. Therefore, ecological risk assessment is vital for the environmental protection and sustainable development of the QTP. A landscape ecological risk (LER) assessment based on landscape disturbance and vulnerability was performed to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics associated with LER in the QTP from 1990 to 2020. Furthermore, the impact of LER was quantitatively evaluated with a boosted regression tree model. Results showed that more than 70% of the locations in the QTP exhibited below-medium LER. The LER for the QTP demonstrated downward trends from 1990 to 2020. The LER presented downward trends during the periods from 1990 to 2001 and from 2012 to 2020 and no significant trend during the period from 2002 to 2011. Additionally, high-LER areas were concentrated in the northwestern QTP, whereas low-LER areas were mainly in the southeastern QTP. The LER displayed clustering characteristics across the QTP. Changes in climate, topographic distribution, and human activity influenced the ecological stability of the study area. Precipitation and temperature had the strongest effects on the LER, followed by elevation and grazing intensity. Lower precipitation and temperatures were associated with higher LER. Our results provide precise and specific support for the environmental protection and ecological management of the QTP and other ecologically fragile areas.
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Kalinin, R. E., I. A. Suchkov, V. O. Povarov, et al. "Clinical case of intracardiac pacemaker lead fracture." Kazan medical journal 101, no. 6 (2020): 908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kmj2020-908.
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Lead fracture is a serious complication of a pacemaker; its prevalence is 0.14.2%. The common site of lead fracture is at the space between the clavicle and the first rib. The causes are intense physical activity, which approximates the clavicle to the rib and compression of the lead, chest trauma, anatomical features, twiddlers syndrome. Diagnosis of lead fracture is can be made by electrocardiography there is a transient or permanent stimulation/sensitivity disturbance. When the programmer interrogates the pacemaker, a significant sign is an abrupt rise in the lead impedance, although cases of fracture with normal impedance values have been reported. The article presents an extremely rare clinical case of an intracardiac lead fracture in a 28-year-old patient. At the initial implantation, leads were passed through the accessory left superior vena cava, resulting in a loop in the right ventricle. The patient himself was subjected to increased physical activity. The question of the need to remove such leads remains open. Some authors note that the distal end is firmly fixed to the heart wall, and therefore does not expose the patient to a vital risk. Others consider that the lead can become a source of thrombus formation, or fragmentation with embolism in the pulmonary circulation can occur. In our case, the causes of the fracture were probably an intense physical activity and bending of the lead inside the right ventricle. The clinical situation was discussed with cardiac surgeons of the federal centers of cardiovascular surgery. Given the high risks of open-heart surgery, it was decided to refrain from removing the broken lead, and the patient was provided with atrial pacing.
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Fernández-García, Rubén, Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez, José Manuel Hernández-Padilla, and José Manuel Alonso-Vargas. "Analysis of Physical Activity on Mental Hyperactivity, Sleep Quality, and Bodily Pain in Higher Education Students—A Structural Equation Model." Healthcare 12, no. 18 (2024): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12181841.
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The university population is at a vital stage of human development for acquiring an active lifestyle. Following this lifestyle will bring benefits in adulthood. This study seeks to analyse the relationship between physical activity and bodily pain, mental hyperactivity, and sleep quality as a function of the intensity of physical activity. A comparative, descriptive, and exploratory study is presented in a sample of 506 university students. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire, the Mental Hyperactivity Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used. The proposed model analyses the relationships of physical activity to bodily pain, mental hyperactivity, sleep disturbances, and time to fall asleep. The fit of the different adjustment indices is satisfactory (X2 = 0.47, df = 1, pl = 0.48, IFI = 0.99, CFI = 0.97; NFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.01). The relational analysis shows a positive relationship of physical activity to bodily pain (r = 0.02; p < 0.01), mental hyperactivity (r = 0.054; p < 0.01), sleep disturbances (r = 0.029; p < 0.01), and time to fall asleep (r = 0.047; p < 0.01). Multi-group structural equation analysis indicates that there are differences in the causal relationships of physical activity to sleep quality, mental hyperactivity, and bodily pain as a function of exercise intensity. The conclusion is that the intensity at which physical activity is performed plays a key role in mental and physical health.
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Venclovaite, N. D., L. G. Goryacheva, V. A. Greshnyakova, N. A. Efremova та I. V. Shilova. "Bacterial overgrowth syndrome in adolescents with Сhronic viral hepatitis C". CHILDREN INFECTIONS 20, № 1 (2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22627/2072-8107-2021-20-1-19-22.
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There is a close relationship between intestine and liver, so-called ‘gut liver’ axis, especially in patients suffered from chronic liver diseases with significant degree of fibrosis. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and disturbance in the microbiota composition lead to an increase in the permeability of the intestinal epithelium, the development of endotoxinemia, the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and, as a consequence, an additional damage to hepatocytes.Objective. To estimate the incidence of bacterial overgrowth syndrome (BOS) in the small intestine in adolescents with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), to identify the interaction between this syndrome and cytolytic activity, the degree of fibrosis.Materials and methods. There is a group of 33 patients aged 12—17 years old with CHC. All children underwent a hydrogen breath test with lactulose. The degree of fibrosis was assessed by the results of liver elastography (Fibroscan), cytolytic activity was determined by the level of alanine transaminase in serum.Results. The frequency of BOS was 81.8% in the study group. As a result of the correlation analysis, no relationship was found between the development of BOS and the degree of cytolytic activity of chronic hepatitis C (criterion χ2= 0.914, p > 0.05). Also, there was no correlation between excessive bacterial contamination and the degree of fibrosis in the liver tissue (criterion χ2= 0.914,p> 0.05).Conclusion. BOS in children with CHC occurs much more often than in adults. However, no relationship was found between this syndrome and the severity of cytolytic activity, the degree of fibrotic changes in the liver.
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Yukina, M. Yu, M. O. Chernova, N. F. Nuralieva, et al. "Effect of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism in replacement therapy of adrenal insufficiency. Literature review." Obesity and metabolism 17, no. 4 (2020): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/omet12700.
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Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a syndrome caused by disturbance in the synthesis and secretion of hormones of the adrenal cortex, which ensure the vital activity, energy and water-salt homeostasis. The widest hormonal deficiency is observed in primary hypocorticism, when the synthesis of not only glucocorticoids (GC) and adrenal androgens, but also mineralocorticoids is disrupted. Lifelong replacement therapy with GCs for this pathology may be associated with a risk of bone loss and osteoporosis. However, at present, there are no clear guidelines for diagnosis of bone condition, including and bone mineral density (BMD) monitoring during treatment with GCs in patients with AI. This review summarizes collected data on the key pathogenetic links of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, incidence of decreased BMD and fractures in patients with AI. In this review factors that influence bone metabolism in this cohort of patients are considered: the type and the dose of prescribed GCs, the type (primary, secondary, HH in congenital adrenal cortex dysfunction) and the duration of AI, age, gender, and the presence of concomitant endocrine disorders (hypogonadism, growth hormone (GH) deficiency). In addition, the review presents data on the effect of adrenal androgen replacement therapy and recombinant GH therapy on bone metabolism in secondary AI.
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Bejder, L., A. Samuels, H. Whitehead, H. Finn, and S. Allen. "Impact assessment research: use and misuse of habituation, sensitisation and tolerance in describing wildlife responses to anthropogenic stimuli." Marine Ecology Progress Series 395 (June 7, 2009): 177–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13514767.
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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Studies on the effects of anthropogenic activity on wildlife aim to provide a sound scientific basis for management. However, misinterpretation of the theoretical basis for these studies can jeopardise this objective and lead to management outcomes that are detrimental to the wildlife they are intended to protect. Misapplication of the terms 'habituation', 'sensitisation' and 'tolerance' in impact studies, for example, can lead to fundamental misinterpretations of research findings. Habituation is often used incorrectly to refer to any form of moderation in wildlife response to human disturbance, rather than to describe a progressive reduction in response to stimuli that are perceived as neither aversive nor beneficial. This misinterpretation, when coupled with the widely held assumption that habituation has a positive or neutral outcome for animals, can lead to inappropriate decisions about the threats human interactions pose to wildlife. We review the conceptual framework for the use of habituation, sensitisation and tolerance, and provide a set of principles for their appropriate application in studies of behavioural responses to anthropogenic stimuli. We describe how cases of presumed habituation or sensitisation may actually represent differences in the tolerance levels of wildlife to anthropogenic activity. This distinction is vital because impact studies must address (1) the various mechanisms by which differing tolerance levels can occur; and (2) the range of explanations for habituationand sensitisation-type responses. We show that only one mechanism leads to true behavioural habituation (or sensitisation), while a range of mechanisms can lead to changes in tolerance.
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Ning, Jiong, Jie Ren, Yang Xiong та ін. "Identification of Crucial Residues in α-Conotoxin EI Inhibiting Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor". Toxins 11, № 10 (2019): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100603.
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α-Conotoxins (α-CTxs) are small disulfide-rich peptides from venom of Conus species that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The muscle-type nAChRs have been recognized as a potential target for several diseases, such as myogenic disorders, muscle dystrophies, and myasthenia gravis. EI, an α4/7-CTx, mainly blocks α1β1δε nAChRs and has an extra N-terminal extension of three amino acids. In this study, the alanine scanning (Ala-scan) mutagenesis was applied in order to identify key residues of EI for binding with mouse α1β1δε nAChR. The Ala-substituted analogues were tested for their abilities of modulating muscle and neuronal nAChRs in Xenopus laevis oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp (TEVC) recordings. Electrophysiological results indicated that the vital residues for functional activity of EI were His-7, Pro-8, Met-12, and Pro-15. These changes exhibited a significant decrease in potency of EI against mouse α1β1δε nAChR. Interestingly, replacing the critical serine (Ser) at position 13 with an alanine (Ala) residue resulted in a 2-fold increase in potency at the α1β1δε nAChR, and showed loss of activity on α3β2 and α3β4 nAChRs. Selectivity and potency of [S13A] EI was improved compared with wild-type EI (WT EI). In addition, the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of EI revealed that the “Arg1–Asn2–Hyp3” residues at the N-terminus conferred potency at the muscle-type nAChRs, and the deletion analogue △1–3 EI caused a total loss of activity at the α1β1δε nAChR. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy studies demonstrated that activity loss of truncated analogue △1–3 EI for α1β1δε nAChR is attributed to disturbance of the secondary structure. In this report, an Ala-scan mutagenesis strategy is presented to identify crucial residues that are significantly affecting potency of E1 for mouse α1β1δε nAChR. It may also be important in remodeling of some novel ligands for inhibiting muscle-type nAChRs.
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GÂJÂILĂ, Gabriel, Iuliana GÂJÂILĂ, Bogdan TAŞBAC, Andrei AVRAM, Bianca ŢÎNCU, and Tiberiu BURINARU. "Antibacterial Activity of Monolayer Graphene Film to Standardised Staphylococcus Aureus Strains." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 75, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:003017.
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Due to its unique, unanimously recognized properties and biocompatibility, graphene has wide potential applications in biology, biomedical science, environmental agriculture and biotechnology. The antibacterial effect of the graphene is presented in a large number of publications. Most studies reported in the specific literature were aimed mainly at understanding the interaction between graphene and graphene-based materials with cells and bacteria. Even so, there are conflicting results in some cases and there are also numerous controversies regarding the antibacterial effect of monolayer graphene film on different types of substrate.The study is aimed at testing the antibacterial activity of monolayer graphene film on a copper substrate that was covered with a Staphylococcus aureus culture, Gram-positive bacteria recognized for resilience in external environment. The antibacterial activity of the graphene was evaluated via cell-viability test. It has thus been observed that the bacterial suspension’s phisical contact with the a large-area graphene produces significant disturbances of the microorganism’s vital processes.This study may provide new insights for the better understanding of antibacterial actions of graphene applied on different substrates and opportunities for biomedical applications.
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Liu, Xiaobo, Jingmeiqi Ye, and Yu Zhang. "Multimodal Neurophysiological Representations of High School Students’ Situational Interest: A Machine Learning Approach." Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange 16, no. 2 (2023): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/jetde.1602.07.
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Interest plays a vital role in students’ learning performance. Accurately measuring situational interest in the classroom environment is important for understanding the learning mechanism and improving teaching. However, self-report measurements frequently encounter issues of subjectivity and ambiguity, and it is hard to collect dynamic self-report scales without disturbance in the naturalistic environment. Thanks to the development of neuroscience and portable biosensors, it has become possible to represent psychological states with neurophysiological features in the classroom environment. In this study, multimodal neurophysiological signals, including electroencephalograph (EEG), electrodermal activity (EDA), and photoplethysmography (PPG), were applied to represent situational interest under both laboratory (Study 1) and naturalistic (Study 2) paradigms. A total of 33 features were extracted, and 7 different statistical indicators were calculated for each of them across all the epochs. Among these features, 47 in Study 1 and 49 in Study 2 demonstrated significant correlation with self-report situational interest. Employing a machine learning model, the analysis yielded a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.772 and mean squared error (MSE) of 0.883 for the dataset in Study 1. However, the model was not robust on data from Study 2. These findings offer empirical support for the conceptual framework of situational interest, demonstrate the potential of neurophysiological data in educational assessments, and also highlight the challenges in naturalistic paradigm.
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Aan, Muhammad Hadi Sulhan, Tantri Puspita Tantri, Mamay Mamay, Gina Nafsa Mutmainna Gina, and Sri Yekti Widadi Wiwid. "PEMERIKSAAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA PROGRAM PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DESA (PPKMD)." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat DEDIKASI 1, no. 02 (2020): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33482/ddk.v1i02.33.
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Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because often people with hypertension go for years without feeling any disturbances or symptoms. Without realizing it, patients experience complications in vital organs such as the heart, brain or kidneys. This activity uses a direct inspection approach to the residents present. The target of community service is residents who are in RT 02/RW 02 Darmaraja Village. Checking blood pressure using a digital sphygmomanometer/tensimeter. The participants who took part in the activity were 16 (sixteen) elderly participants. From this community service activity, it can be concluded that health education about hypertension is needed and routine and ongoing health checks obtained from the results of activities including hypertension as much as 75% or 12 (twelve) residents, 6.25% or 1 (one) citizen. suffering from heart disease, 6.25% or 1 (one) resident suffering from gout, 6.25% or 1 (one) resident suffering from gastritis/stomach, 6.25% or 1 (one) resident suffering from diabetes.
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Green, H. J., M. Burnett, T. A. Duhamel, et al. "Abnormal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-sequestering properties in skeletal muscle in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 295, no. 2 (2008): C350—C357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00224.2008.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-cycling properties would occur in skeletal muscle in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To investigate this hypothesis, tissue samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis of 8 patients with COPD [age 65.6 ± 3.2 yr; forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) = 44 ± 2%; mean ± SE] and 10 healthy age-matched controls (CON, age 67.5 ± 2.5 yr; FEV1/FVC = 77 ± 2%), and homogenates were analyzed for a wide range of SR properties. Compared with CON, COPD displayed (in μmol·g protein−1·min−1) a 16% lower maximal Ca2+-ATPase activity [maximal velocity ( Vmax), 158 ± 10 vs. 133 ± 7, P < 0.05] and a 17% lower Ca2+uptake (4.65 ± 0.039 vs. 3.85 ± 0.26, P < 0.05) that occurred in the absence of differences in Ca2+release. The lower Vmaxin COPD was also accompanied by an 11% lower ( P < 0.05) Ca2+sensitivity, as measured by the Hill coefficient (defined as the relationship between Ca2+-ATPase activity and free cytosolic Ca2+concentration for 10–90% Vmax). For the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) isoforms, SERCA1a was 16% higher ( P < 0.05) and SERCA2a was 14% lower ( P < 0.05) in COPD. It is concluded that moderate to severe COPD results in abnormalities in SR Ca2+-ATPase properties that cannot be explained by changes in the SERCA isoform phenotypes. The reduced catalytic properties of SERCA in COPD suggest a disturbance in Ca2+cycling, possibly resulting in impairment in Ca2+-mediated mechanical function and/or second messenger regulated processes.
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Suresh Yadav and Rashmi Khanijau. "EVALUATION OF ANTI-UROLITHIASIS ACTIVITY OF WOODFORDIA FRUTICOSA." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences 9, no. 5 (2022): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.61280/tjpls.v9i5.103.
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Euphorbia hirta L. is a common weed plant that belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae characterized by the presence of milky latex in leaves and stems. Phytochemical screening of leaves of Euphorbia hirta L. confirmed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannin and terpenoids. FTIR confirms the formation of calcium oxalate crystals with major peaks at 3331.07, 1608.63, 1317.38, and 775.38, which corresponds to asymmetric O-H bending, C=O stretching, C-O stretching and C-H bending. Urinary stone formation takes place due to changes in urinary chemistry, such as hyperoxaluria and hypercalciuria, leading to urinary super saturation, which later crystallizes, aggregates and ends up in stone formation. Evidences in previous studies indicated that, in response to 14 days period of ethylene glycol (0.75%v/v) administration, young albino rats form renal calculi composed mainly of CaOx. The principal precursor of oxalic acid in mammals is glyoxalic acid. The enzymatic oxidative conversion of glycolate to oxalate via glyoxylate is the major metabolic pathway involved in endogenous oxalate synthesis. The enzymatic disturbances are the causative factors for the idiopathic hyperoxaluria; while, the defective intestinal absorption of oxalate plays a vital role in enteric hyperoxaluria and lead to an increase in the urinary oxalate concentration. In the present study, chronic administration of 0.75% ethylene glycol aqueous solution to male Wistar rats resulted in hyperoxaluria. Oxalate and calcium excretion in urine were grossly increased in calculi- induced animals.
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Khalat, Abdurazag Mohamed, Rabia A. M. Yahya, and Azab Elsayed Azab. "Electromagnetic Fields: Insight into Sources, and Their Effects on Vital Organs and the Risk of Cancer." SAR Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 4, no. 03 (2023): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjap.2023.v04i03.001.
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Background: Electromagnetic radiation has become an extensive new pollution source in modern civilization. Therefore, the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation have attracted considerable attention worldwide. Objectives: The current review was aimed to highlight on sources of electromagnetic fields and their effects on vital organs and the risk of cancer. Electromagnetic sources can be classified into natural electromagnetic sources (sun, some distant stars, atmospheric discharges like thunder, or human body) and unnatural or human made sources (printers, vacuum cleaners, cellular phones, hair dryers, refrigerators, washing machines, kettles microwaves, cables that carry electrical currents, television and computers, electrical home gadgets, radio and television base stations, mobile phone base stations and phone equipment), home wiring airport, and transformers. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are electromagnetic waves less than 300 GHz, that are divided into extremely low frequencies (ELFs; 3–3,000 Hz), involving high-voltage transmission lines and in-house wiring; and radiofrequencies (RFs; 30 kHz to 300 GHz), involving mobile phones, smart devices, base stations, WiFi, and 5G technologies. Cell phone technology is an integral part of everyday life and its use is not only restricted to voice conversations but also conveying news, high-resolution pictures, and the internet. Exposure to electromagnetic fields might produce oxidative stress, sperm damage, DNA damage, changes in the chromatin conformation, formation of micronucleus in different cell types, gene expression, enzyme activity, and changes in the structure and function of cell membrane, stimulated an increase in apoptosis and biosynthesis of plasma metallothionein and corticosterone. It causes headaches, chronic fatigue, heart problems, stress, nausea, chest pain, gastrointestinal issues, pain in the muscles and joints, sweating, neurocognitive disturbances, eye burning, nose, ear, and throat issues, bad effects on reproductive, central nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Also, it increases anxiety-related behavior; spatial memory, and learning deficits in male mice offspring, decreased thermal pain perception, induced a sleep disturbance, latency, and day dysfunction especially in females, a change in memory performance, damage to the lens epithelial cells of rabbits after 8 hours of exposure to microwave radiation, produced lens opacity in rats, which is linked to the production of cataracts, and derangement of chicken embryo retinal differentiation. There are a relationship between exposure to electromagnetic fields and the increased incidence of the occurrence of some tumors types, particularly brain cancer and leukemia. EMFs induce damage of tissues by increasing free radicals and changing the antioxidant defense systems of tissues, eventually leading to oxidative stress which leads to behavioral, histopathological and biochemical alterations. Exposure to radar, which uses RF fields above 6 GHz similar to 5 G causes effects on production of cancer at different sites, and other diseases. The possible mechanism proposed of how EMFs lead to cancer is the impact of EMFs on free radical combination rates in certain enzymes, such as coenzyme B12-dependent ethanolamine ammonia lyase. The enzyme reaction rate may be amplified by a factor of up to 100. A case-control studies found an increased risk of gliomas, acoustic neuromas, and temporal lobe tumours in users with highest self-reported cell phone use. Exposure of experimental animals to microwave radiation caused a decrease in learning and memory ability, abnormal hippocampal morphology and abnormal Electroencephalogram. Also, it could lead to a decrease in norepinephrine and epinephrine contents in the brain, leading to neurotransmitter production disorders. Conclusion: It can be concluded that electromagnetic sources classified into natural electromagnetic and human made sources. EMFs) are electromagnetic waves less than 300 GHz are divided into extremely low frequencies and radiofrequencies. Exposure to electromagnetic fields might produce oxidative stress, which leads to histopathological and biochemical alterations in different body organs and increased risk of gliomas, acoustic neuromas, and temporal lobe tumours in users with highest self-reported cell phone use. Further studies are needed to confirm these effects in human and experimental animals.
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Tampere, Marianna, Aleksandra Pettke, Cristiano Salata, et al. "Novel Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Inhibitors Targeting Host Factors Essential for Replication of Pathogenic RNA Viruses." Viruses 12, no. 12 (2020): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12121423.
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Recent RNA virus outbreaks such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Ebola virus (EBOV) have caused worldwide health emergencies highlighting the urgent need for new antiviral strategies. Targeting host cell pathways supporting viral replication is an attractive approach for development of antiviral compounds, especially with new, unexplored viruses where knowledge of virus biology is limited. Here, we present a strategy to identify host-targeted small molecule inhibitors using an image-based phenotypic antiviral screening assay followed by extensive target identification efforts revealing altered cellular pathways upon antiviral compound treatment. The newly discovered antiviral compounds showed broad-range antiviral activity against pathogenic RNA viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, EBOV and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV). Target identification of the antiviral compounds by thermal protein profiling revealed major effects on proteostasis pathways and disturbance in interactions between cellular HSP70 complex and viral proteins, illustrating the supportive role of HSP70 on many RNA viruses across virus families. Collectively, this strategy identifies new small molecule inhibitors with broad antiviral activity against pathogenic RNA viruses, but also uncovers novel virus biology urgently needed for design of new antiviral therapies.
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Kozarezova, T. I., N. N. Klimkovich, V. I. Lagunovich-Cherepko, G. N. Rodionova, V. I. Smychek, and V. V. Golikova. "MEDICAL REHABILITATION OF CHILDREN WITH MYELOID NEOPLASMS." Health and Ecology Issues, no. 2S (December 28, 2011): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.51523/2708-6011.2011-8-2s-12.
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At the present stage of the development of pediatric hematology along with the success of the therapy there is s problem of late treatment effects which reveal itself in functioning disturbances of the main systems of the organism vital activity. The article presents the substantiation of the creation of special rehabilitation programs which take into consideration the complex character of the disturbances and ensure their effective correction. A qualitatively new organization of rehabilitation activities with the wide use of treatment-and-psychological methods has been proposed. The authors analyzed the structure of the concomitant diseases in the children suffering from myeloid neoplasms, which made it possible to outline the approaches to the creation of a medical rehabilitation system for this group of children. The description of different types of the rehabilitation therapy and their efficacy was given.
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GERSON, WILLIAM T., JOSEPH D. DICKERMAN, EDWIN G. BOVILL, and ELIZABETH GOLDEN. "Severe Acquired Protein C Deficiency in Purpura Fulminans Associated With Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Treatment With Protein C Concentrate." Pediatrics 91, no. 2 (1993): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.2.418.
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Purpura fulminans (PF) defines an acute, often lethal syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with rapidly progressive hemorrhagic necrosis of the skin due to dermal vascular thrombosis.1-7 It is indicative of a severe disturbance in hemostasis now recognized to involve the protein C system in many cases.1,2,5,8-12 Purpura fulminans is usually seen in three clinical settings: (1) in the newborn period as a manifestation of homozygous protein C deficiency, or rarely protein S deficiency13,14; (2) in individuals with acute, severe viral or bacterial infection where an acquired deficiency in protein C activity is documented1-3,5-8,10,12,15; and (3) as a rare, postinfectious syndrome with a history of an antecedent" preparatory disease," most commonly a viral or bacterial illness involving the skin (eg, varicella or scarlet fever), with the sudden development, during an otherwise unremarkable convalescence, of progressive purpura and necrosis.3-5,7,10,12
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Barone, Joseph A., Robert H. Bierman, James W. Cornish, Alice Hsuan, Nancy D. Drake, and John L. Colaizzi. "Safety Evaluation of Ritanserin—An Investigational Serotonin Antagonist." Drug Intelligence & Clinical Pharmacy 20, no. 10 (1986): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002808602001006.
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Ritanserin is an investigational serotonin-S2 receptor antagonist with activity in a variety of psychiatric disturbances characterized by dysthymia or anxiety. This investigation evaluates acute safety and tolerability of ritanserin in 12 healthy males. Ritanserin 10 mg, 20 mg, and placebo were administered as single doses in a randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion. Treatment effects on vital signs, laboratory tests, a mood evaluation test, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and reported adverse experiences were monitored. Plasma levels were determined at two hours postdose. Results indicated no clinically relevant effects on vital signs, laboratory tests, ECGs, or mood evaluations. Dose proportionality was demonstrated. The incidence of total adverse effects (primarily somnolence and fatigue) after single-dose administation was 25 percent for placebo, 75 percent for 10 mg, and 81.8 percent for 20 mg. There was a relationship between incidence of adverse effects and dose, but no general correlation between plasma levels and severity of adverse experiences. The results indicate that ritanserin is safe and tolerable following acute administration of 10 mg and 20 mg oral doses.
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Singh, Samradhi, Devojit Kumar Sarma, Vinod Verma, Ravinder Nagpal, and Manoj Kumar. "From Cells to Environment: Exploring the Interplay between Factors Shaping Bone Health and Disease." Medicina 59, no. 9 (2023): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091546.
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The skeletal system is an extraordinary structure that serves multiple purposes within the body, including providing support, facilitating movement, and safeguarding vital organs. Moreover, it acts as a reservoir for essential minerals crucial for overall bodily function. The intricate interplay of bone cells plays a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis, ensuring a delicate balance. However, various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, can disrupt this vital physiological process. These factors encompass genetics, aging, dietary and lifestyle choices, the gut microbiome, environmental toxins, and more. They can interfere with bone health through several mechanisms, such as hormonal imbalances, disruptions in bone turnover, direct toxicity to osteoblasts, increased osteoclast activity, immune system aging, impaired inflammatory responses, and disturbances in the gut–bone axis. As a consequence, these disturbances can give rise to a range of bone disorders. The regulation of bone’s physiological functions involves an intricate network of continuous processes known as bone remodeling, which is influenced by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors within the organism. However, our understanding of the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the complex interactions between environmental factors and the host elements that affect bone health is still in its nascent stages. In light of this, this comprehensive review aims to explore emerging evidence surrounding bone homeostasis, potential risk factors influencing it, and prospective therapeutic interventions for future management of bone-related disorders.