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Journal articles on the topic 'Dithionate de sodium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Harrison, William T. A., and M. John Plater. "An unexpected oxidation: NaK5Cl2(S2O6)2revisited." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73, no. 2 (January 13, 2017): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989017000494.

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The title compound, NaK5Cl2(S2O6)2[systematic name: sodium pentapotassium dichloride bis(dithionate)], arose as an unexpected product from an organic synthesis that used dithionite (S2O42−) ions as a reducing agent to destroy excess permanganate ions. Compared to the previous study [Stanley (1953).Acta Cryst.6, 187–196], the present tetragonal structure exhibits a root 2a× root 2a×csuper-cell due to subtle changes in the orientations of the dithionate anions. The structure can be visualized as a three-dimensional framework of [001] columns of alternatingtrans-NaO4Cl2and KO4Cl2octahedra cross-linked by the dithionate ions with the interstices occupied by KO6Cl2polyhedra to generate a densely packed three-dimensional framework. The asymmetric unit comprises two sodium ions (site symmetries 4 and -4, four potassium ions (site symmetries = -4, 4, 1 and 1), three chloride ions (site symmetries = 4, 4 and 2) and two half-dithionate ions (all atoms on general positions). Both dithionate ions are completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The crystal chosen for data collection was found to be rotationally twinned by 180° about the [100] axis in reciprocal space with a 0.6298 (13):0.3702 (13) domain ratio.

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2

Schindler, Manon, Nicolas Couvrat, Yohann Cartigny, Clément Brandel, and Gérard Coquerel. "Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Dithionate and its Dihydrate." Chemical Engineering & Technology 42, no. 7 (April 23, 2019): 1446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201800705.

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3

Chang, Tsui-Hsuan, Kuo-Hao Tung, Po-Wen Gu, Tzung-Hai Yen, and Chao-Min Cheng. "Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Paraquat and Creatinine in Human Serum Using a Piece of Paper." Micromachines 9, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi9110586.

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Paraquat intoxication is characterized by acute kidney injury and multi-organ failure, causing substantial mortality and morbidity. This study aims to develop a 2-in-1 paper-based analytical device to detect the concentrations of paraquat and creatinine in human serum, which can help clinicians diagnose patients with paraquat poisoning in a more rapid and geographically unrestricted manner. The procedure involves fabrication of a paper-based analytical device, i.e., printing of design on a filter paper, heating of wax-printed micro zone plates so as molten wax diffusing into and completely through the paper to the other side, forming hydrophobic boundaries that could act as detection zones for the paraquat colorimetric assay, and finally analysis using ImageJ software. The paper employed a colorimetric sodium dithionite assay to indicate the paraquat level in a buffer or human serum system in less than 10 min. In this study, colorimetric changes into blue color could be observed by the naked eye. By curve fitting models of sodium dithionite in normal human serum, we evaluated the serum paraquat levels for five paraquat patients. In the sodium dithionate assay, the measured serum paraquat concentrations in patients 1–5 were 22.59, 5.99, 26.52, 35.19 and 25.00 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, by curve fitting models of the creatinine assay in normal human serum, the measured serum creatinine concentrations were 16.10, 12.92, 13.82, 13.58 and 12.20 ppm, respectively. We found that the analytical performance of this device can compete with the standard of Clinical Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, with a less complicated sample preparation process and more rapid results. In conclusion, this 2-in-1 paper-based analytical device has the advantage of being simple and cheap, enabling rapid detection of paraquat intoxication as well as assessment of renal prognosis.

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4

Ristic, R., J. N. Sherwood, and K. Wojciechowski. "Morphology and growth kinetics of large sodium chlorate crystals grown in the presence and absence of sodium dithionate impurity." Journal of Physical Chemistry 97, no. 41 (October 1993): 10774–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100143a042.

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5

Ristić, R., B. Yu Shekunov, and J. N. Sherwood. "Growth of the tetrahedral faces of sodium chlorate crystals in the presence of dithionate impurity." Journal of Crystal Growth 139, no. 3-4 (May 1994): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(94)90185-6.

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6

Lelie, S., E. O. Hole, M. Duchateau, W. Schroeyers, S. Schreurs, and D. Verellen. "The investigation of lithium formate hydrate, sodium dithionate and N-methyl taurine as clinical EPR dosimeters." Radiation Measurements 59 (December 2013): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.07.001.

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7

Lan, Zhi-Peng, Xiaojun Lai, Kevin Roberts, and Helmut Klapper. "X-ray Topographic and Polarized Optical Microscopy Studies of Inversion Twinning in Sodium Chlorate Single Crystals Grown in the Presence of Sodium Dithionate Impurities." Crystal Growth & Design 14, no. 11 (October 14, 2014): 6084–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg5012428.

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8

Yamaguchi, Hiroshi, Shigehito Sato, Seiji Watanabe, and Hiroshi Naito. "Pre-embarkment Prognostication for Acute Paraquat Poisoning." Human & Experimental Toxicology 9, no. 6 (November 1990): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719000900604.

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1 In order to assess which laboratory parameters could be related to the prognosis of patients with acute paraquat poisoning, we reviewed the medical records of 160 patients who had ingested paraquat in an attempt at suicide. 2 Serum creatinine and potassium concentrations, arterial blood bicarbonate and base excess levels, arterial blood pH, volume of paraquat ingested and the strength of the urinary paraquat qualitative test (sodium dithionate colour reaction) on admission in the surviving patients were significantly different from those of the patients who died within 48 h of ingestion. 3 The relationship of the quantity Eq1 defined as: Eq1 = ([K +] × [HCO-3]) / ([Cre] × 0.088) (mEq l-1 ) against the interval of time after ingestion to admission (T) had a significant correlation with prognosis ( P < 0.01). Patients with Eq1 > (1500 - 399 × LogT) had a 90% survival rate, Eq1: (930 - 399 × LogT) < Eq1 ≤ (1500 - 399 × LogT) 38% and Eq1 ≤ (930 - 399 × LogT) 3%, P < 0.01.

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9

Rahim, Shermin, and John Milne. "Studies on the interaction of selenite and selenium with sulphur donors. Part 4. Thiosulfate." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-082.

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Raman and Se-77 NMR spectroscopy confirm that when selenous acid is reduced by thiosulfate in water selenopentathionate and tetrathionate are formed.[Formula: see text]Depending upon the stoichiometry and pH, two isomers of the selenopentathionate ion, O- and S-bonded, are formed. Insufficiently acid solutions cause decomposition to selenium and tetrathionate ion.[Formula: see text]Fresh solutions prepared from crystalline sodium selenopentathionate and water undergo slow decompositon. NMR and Raman spectra show the presence of both the O-bonded and S-bonded linkage isomers. The O-bonded isomer facilitates the formation of tetrathionate. Addition of thiosulfate to selenotrithionate solution or sulfite to selenopentathionate solution yields trithionate with no indication of dithionate or tetrathionate formation. This suggests that simple S—S bond formation at selenium does not occur but that there may be direct attack of the incoming ligand on the attached ligand. Key words: selenite, thiosulfate, selenopentathionate, Se-77 NMR, Raman spectroscopy, linkage isomerism.

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10

Lan, Zhipeng, Guilherme A. Calligaris, Alan S. de Menezes, Adenilson O. dos Santos, Xiaojun Lai, Lisandro P. Cardoso, and Kevin J. Roberts. "Characterization of the Structural Environment of Dithionate Ions Associated with Their Role in the Crystal Habit Modification of Sodium Chlorate." Crystal Growth & Design 18, no. 6 (May 15, 2018): 3328–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.7b01770.

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11

Cho, Kyung-Rae. "The Effect of Sodium dithionite in Dyeing with Indigo Pulverata Levis." Textile Coloration and Finishing 27, no. 2 (June 27, 2015): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5764/tcf.2015.27.2.155.

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12

Miura, A., S. Fukuchi, R. Okabe, M. Fukushima, M. Sasaki, and T. Sato. "Effect of different fractions of weathered pumice in the formation of humic-like substances." Clay Minerals 46, no. 4 (December 2011): 637–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.4.637.

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AbstractPolycondensation reactions between amino acids and phenols are one of the pathways for the formation of humic substances, and clay minerals are able to catalyse these reactions. To investigate the catalytic power of allophane, an allophane fraction (ALF) was separated from weathered pumice (WP) that contained imogolite as an impurity by taking advantage of differences in sedimentation velocity. The iron content in the separated ALF was increased by up to 3.0% compared to that in the starting WP (1.3%), and the ALF was further treated with sodium dithionate and citric acid (ALF-DC) to remove the iron. The catalytic powers of WP, ALF and ALF-DC were evaluated, based on the degree of darkening of reaction mixtures from polycondensation reactions between catechol and tryptophan, model compounds for precursors of humic substances. The catalytic power for ALF was significantly higher than the corresponding values for WP and ALF-DC. This can be attributed to the high iron content of the ALF, which serves as a Lewis acid that can enhance nucleophilic reactions which occur during the polycondensation reactions.

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13

Zhang, Xiao-Nan. "Sodium Dithionite." Synlett 2011, no. 14 (August 23, 2011): 2104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1261191.

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14

Zhang, Xiao-Nan. "Sodium Dithionite." Synlett 2011, no. 13 (July 21, 2011): 1947–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1260969.

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15

Purakayastha, T. J., Ruma Das, Savita Kumari, Y. S. Shivay, Sunanda Biswas, Dhiraj Kumar, and Bidisha Chakrabarti. "Impact of continuous organic manuring on mechanisms and processes of the stabilisation of soil organic C under rice–wheat cropping system." Soil Research 58, no. 1 (2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr19014.

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Understanding the mechanism of soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilisation may help in developing management strategies for SOC storage. A long-term organically managed rice−wheat cropping system was used for SOC stabilisation study. Soil samples were collected from control, FYM (farmyard manure to rice and wheat), GM (green manure; Sesbania aculeata to rice and Leucaena leucocephala to wheat), GB (GM with biofertiliser; blue green algae to rice and Azotobacter sp. to wheat), GF (GM with FYM), GFB (GM with FYM and biofertiliser). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-resistant C correlated significantly with ammonium oxalate and dithionate extractable Fe, Al and Si in soil. The GFB showed the highest enrichment of SOC (32%) as well as NaOCl-resistant C (22%) at 0–15 cm soil depth. At higher soil depth, GM alone showed the highest enrichment of SOC (39% at 15–30 cm, 84% at 30–60 cm). The NaOCl-resistant C was higher in FYM and GFB treatments at 15–30 and 30–60 cm depths respectively. The proportion of NaOCl-resistant C to SOC increased down the profile and was highest (30–52%) in 30–60 cm soil depth. A multiple regression model developed between ammonium oxalate extractable Fe, Al and Si and SOC could well predict the stable SOC content. There was a substantial improvement in prediction when extractable Fe, Al and Si were combined together. Among the organic treatments, GFB showed the highest humification and aromaticity in humic acid with least polarity and more reduced form. The combination of all the organic sources (GFB) could be a promising nutrient management strategy for enhancing the stability of SOC in rice–wheat cropping systems of semiarid subtropical India.

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16

Vázquez, Gonzalo, Estrella Alvarez, Rocío Varela, Angeles Cancela, and José M. Navaza. "Density and Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of Sodium Dithionite, Sodium Hydroxide, Sodium Dithionite + Sucrose, and Sodium Dithionite + Sodium Hydroxide + Sucrose from 25 °C to 40 °C." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 41, no. 2 (January 1996): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je950243k.

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17

Hubert, Cathy, and Bernard Garrigues. "Influence des ultrasons sur la diastéréosélectivité. Synthèse d'imidazolidine-4-one chirales." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v97-232.

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A three-step synthesis of imidazolidine-4-one has been realized. Sodium dithionite was a very efficient reagent for the last step, the reduction of a ketone. The reaction is slow under the normal conditions of heating and its diastereoselectivity is poor. Under the influence of ultrasound, the selectivity and the yield are very good. The use of sodium dithionite makes it possible to work in water and to avoid the use of hydrides.Key words: sodium dithionite, ultrasound, imidazolidine-4-one.

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18

Ilanidis, Dimitrios, Stefan Stagge, Björn Alriksson, and Leif J. Jönsson. "Factors Affecting Detoxification of Softwood Enzymatic Hydrolysates Using Sodium Dithionite." Processes 9, no. 5 (May 18, 2021): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050887.

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Conditioning of lignocellulosic hydrolysates with sulfur oxyanions, such as dithionite, is one of the most potent methods to improve the fermentability by counteracting effects of inhibitory by-products generated during hydrothermal pretreatment under acidic conditions. The effects of pH, treatment temperature, and dithionite dosage were explored in experiments with softwood hydrolysates, sodium dithionite, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Treatments with dithionite at pH 5.5 or 8.5 gave similar results with regard to ethanol productivity and yield on initial glucose, and both were always at least ~20% higher than for treatment at pH 2.5. Experiments in the dithionite concentration range 5.0–12.5 mM and the temperature range 23–110 °C indicated that treatment at around 75 °C and using intermediate dithionite dosage was the best option (p ≤ 0.05). The investigation indicates that selection of the optimal temperature and dithionite dosage offers great benefits for the efficient fermentation of hydrolysates from lignin-rich biomass, such as softwood residues.

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19

Flaherty, B., and J. M. Bather. "Thermal decomposition of sodium dithionite." Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 21, no. 8 (April 25, 2007): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5020210805.

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20

BROADBENT, A. D., and F. PÉTER. "Polarographic Analysis of Sodium Dithionite." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 82, no. 7 (October 22, 2008): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1966.tb02722.x.

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21

Jiang, Yu, Yangmei Chen, Qitang Wu, and Zebin Wei. "Fiber structures and properties of eucalyptus kraft pulp via different bleaching methods." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 34, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2019-0030.

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Abstract The fiber morphology, the content of hydrogen bonds (HBs) of different models, cellulose crystalline structure, water retention value (WRV), and strength properties of eucalyptus pulp bleached by different bleaching methods (hydrogen peroxide bleaching and sodium dithionite bleaching) were investigated. The results of fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) showed that the content of intramolecular hydrogen bonds (HBintra) increased by 11.6 % and 4.8 % after hydrogen peroxide bleaching and sodium dithionite bleaching, respectively. The energy of the hydrogen bonds was changed after bleaching treatment. The hydrogen bonding distances showed a small change after different bleaching treatment. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated a decrease in the average width of crystallite size in the (002) lattice plane after different bleaching treatment, which was the same trend with the variability of cellulose crystallinity. Compared with the unbleached pulp, the WRV and strength properties of the bleached pulp increased after each bleaching process. Tear index of handsheets made from the hydrogen peroxide and sodium dithionite bleaching pulps were 46.0 % and 54.8 %, respectively. The sodium dithionite bleaching treatment had more significant effects on fiber swelling capability.

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22

CARREIRA, HÉLIO J. M., PEDRO E. G. LOUREIRO, M. GRAÇA V. S. CARVALHO, and DMITRY V. EVTUGUIN. "Reductive degradation of residual chromophores in kraft pulp with sodium dithionite." March 2012 11, no. 3 (April 1, 2012): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj11.3.59.

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The focus of this study is the chemistry of reductive bleaching of kraft pulps with sodium dithionite. A set of model compounds mimicking quinone structures, residual lignin structures with conjugated carbonyl/carboxyl groups and muconic acid, among others, was reduced with sodium dithionite and monitored by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. Depending on the chromophore models, either reductive or sulfonation reactions are thought to be responsible for the degradation. No reductive degradation of hexeneuronic acid (HexA) residues was detected, but unsaturated structures of unknown origin were eliminated from the xylan. Additionally, the potential of the reductive stage with either sodium dithionite or sodium borohydride was tested using an industrial pine kraft pulp bleached by OOZEDD sequence. This pulp, with a 88.8% ISO brightness ceiling, exhibited a brightness increase to 90 ± 0.5% in the final reduction stage.

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23

Islam, Mohammad Tajul, Nur-Us-Shafa Mazumder, and Syed Asaduzzaman. "Optimization of Vat Dyeing with an Orange Peel Extract Reducing Agent using Response Surface Methodology." AATCC Journal of Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.7.1.1.

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Sodium dithionite is the most commonly-used reducing agent for vat dyeing of cotton fabric. This research focuses on the use of orange peel extract (OPE) as a new reducing agent for vat dyeing cotton fabric to avoid the toxic chemicals released from sodium dithionite. The dyeing experiments were carried out in a batch system to optimize alkali concentration, OPE concentration, and vatting temperature via response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal color yield was achieved at 11.97 g/L of OPE, 1.18 g/L of alkali, and 44 °C vatting temperature. Fabric dyed under optimized dyeing condition using OPE was compared with a standard conventionally dyed fabric using sodium dithionite as the reducing agent. A uniformly dyed fabric with comparable color yield was obtained. Fastness properties were not affected by the use of OPE.

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24

Motaghi, Zahra. "The Comparison between a Natural Reducing Agent and Sodium Dithionite in Vat, Indigo and Sulphur Dyeing on Cotton Fabric." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.207.

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In recent years, the use of low-environmental impact biotechnology giving rises to new types of treatment in the textile industry. From the environmental point of view, particularly the textile dyeing process constitutes a major pollution problem due to the variety and complexity of chemicals employed. In most industrial vat and indigo, sulphur dyeing processes, all of them are reduced mainly using sodium dithionite. This process produces large amounts of hazardous by-products which increase the costs for waste water treatment. Hence, many attempts are being made to replace the environmentally unfavorable sodium dithionite by ecologically more attractive alternatives, such as organic reducing agents or catalytic hydrogenation and natural reducing agent. In this paper ,a natural reducing agent is introduced that comes from a plant and have been studied on the substance for comparison it with sodium dithionite on vat, indigo and sulphur dyeing on cotton fabrics. The color strength of the samples was analyzed by Reflective Spectrophotometer and the color fastness of them was investigated. The results show that, the use of natural reducing agent in natural indigo dye and sulphur dye is better and for the rest of them has almost good advantage, but it cannot reduce synthetic indigo as well as sodium dithionite. Therefore, with introducing the substance, consumption of chemicals is minimized and vat, indigo and sulphur dyeing should be environmental.

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25

Lindén, Pär A., Mikael E. Lindström, Martin Lawoko, and Gunnar Henriksson. "Stabilising mannose using sodium dithionite at alkaline conditions." Holzforschung 74, no. 2 (February 25, 2020): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2018-0225.

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AbstractThe kraft process remains the dominant chemical pulping process but still struggles with extensive hemicellulose degradation. Such degradation has previously been mitigated through the use of anthraquinone; but due to it recently being found to have carcinogenic properties, anthraquinone is now being phased out. One alternative, sodium dithionite, was initially investigated in the 1950s but was found to be unviable. The present study investigated whether sodium dithionite could be made viable through the use of different processing parameters, using mannose as a model compound and measuring the yield of mannitol in the various systems using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Alkalinity was found to be crucial; at pH 14 as well as pH 7, dithionite indeed proved unviable, but if pH was kept at either 8 or 10 significant reduction was seen to occur. The best results were obtained at pH 10 when a lower temperature (70°C) was used to compensate for alkaline degradation of the mannose reactant.

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26

Camacho Rubio, F., Ma P. Paez Dueñas, G. Blazquez Garcia, and J. M. Garrido Martin. "Oxygen absorption in alkaline sodium dithionite solutions." Chemical Engineering Science 47, no. 17-18 (December 1992): 4309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(92)85109-o.

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27

Ferri, Daniel, Pablo Gaviña, Margarita Parra, Ana M. Costero, Jamal El Haskouri, Pedro Amorós, Virginia Merino, Adrián H. Teruel, Félix Sancenón, and Ramón Martínez-Máñez. "Mesoporous silica microparticles gated with a bulky azo derivative for the controlled release of dyes/drugs in colon." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (August 2018): 180873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180873.

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Mesoporous silica microparticles were prepared, loaded with the dye safranin O ( M-Saf ) or with the drug budesonide ( M-Bud ) and capped by the grafting of a bulky azo derivative. Cargo release from M-Saf at different pH values (mimicking those found in the gastrointestinal tract) in the absence or presence of sodium dithionite (a reducing agent mimicking azoreductase enzyme present in the colon) was tested. Negligible safranin O release was observed at pH 6.8 and 4.5, whereas a moderate delivery at pH 1.2 was noted and attributed to the hydrolysis of the urea bond that linked the azo derivative onto the external surface of the inorganic scaffold. Moreover, a marked release was observed when sodium dithionite was present and was ascribed to the rupture of the azo bond in the molecular gate. Budesonide release from M-Bud in the presence of sodium dithionite was also assessed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography measurements. In addition, preliminary in vivo experiments with M-Saf carried out in mice indicated that the chemical integrity of the microparticles remained unaltered in the stomach and the small intestine, and safranin O seemed to be released in the colon.

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28

Ben, Ticha, Nizar Meksi, Neila Drira, Moez Kechida, and Mohammed Mhenni. "The synergetic effect of α-hydroxycarbonyls mixtures used as green reducing agent on the indigo dyeing process." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 20, no. 4 (2014): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq130507028b.

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Textile Industries use different chemicals in dyeing processes, consuming large quantities of water and producing large volumes of wastewater. For the particular case of indigo dyeing processes, its reduction is performed chemically by the addition of sodium dithionite. However, this is considered environmentally unfavorable because of the resulting contaminated wastewaters. Therefore, it is important to replace sodium dithionite with other alternatives in order to achieve cleaner processes. ?-hydroxycarbonyls have been suggested as possible environmentally friendly alternatives to reduce indigo. However, each one applied alone is enable to attain the dyeing performances offered by the conventional reductant. Thus , the study of the synergy of some selected ?-hydroxycarbonyls was proposed. In this paper, a mixture design of experimental (DOE) methods was used to determine the optimum combination of ?-hydrxycarbonyls to be applied in the indigo reduction process. Based on the design expert software, quadratic models were established as functions of ?-hydroxycarbonyls proportions. The diagnostics of models were investigated by using mixture contour plots. Finally, a model was proposed to predict the optimum conditions leading to dyeing performances exceeding those obtained from the reduction of indigo by the conventional sodium dithionite.

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29

Schiltz, Pascal, and Harold Kohn. "Sodium dithionite-mediated mitomycin C reductive activation processes." Tetrahedron Letters 33, no. 33 (August 1992): 4709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)61265-0.

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30

Rodríguez, Juan Carlos, and Mario Rivera. "Reductive Dehalogenation of Carbon Tetrachloride by Sodium Dithionite." Chemistry Letters 26, no. 11 (November 1997): 1133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1997.1133.

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31

James, Travis, Allen Apblett, and Nicholas F. Materer. "Rapid Quantification of Sodium Dithionite by Ion Chromatography." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51, no. 22 (May 23, 2012): 7742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie202847t.

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32

Makarov, Sergei V., and Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu. "Sodium dithionite and its relatives: past and present." Journal of Sulfur Chemistry 34, no. 4 (December 13, 2012): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415993.2012.749878.

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33

KHURANA, J. M., and S. SINGH. "ChemInform Abstract: Reduction of Nitroarenes with Sodium Dithionite." ChemInform 28, no. 40 (August 3, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199740080.

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34

Goodhead, Kenneth, Ian K. O'Neill, and Dion F. Wardleworth. "The non-oxidative decomposition of heated sodium dithionite." Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 24, no. 1-2 (April 25, 2007): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2720240109.

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35

Peterson, Julian A., and Sekhar S. Boddupalli. "P450BM-3: Reduction by NADPH and sodium dithionite." Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 294, no. 2 (May 1992): 654–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(92)90738-i.

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36

Vicente, M. A., M. Suarez, M. A. Bañares-Muñoz, and J. M. M. Pozas. "Reduction of Fe(III) in a high-iron saponite. Pillaring of the reduced samples with Al13 oligomers." Clay Minerals 33, no. 2 (June 1998): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/000985598545570.

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AbstractA high-iron content saponite, of the variety griffithite, was reduced using sodium dithionite and hydrazonium sulphate solutions. An important amount of Fe3+ was reduced during the treatments. When using sodium dithionite as reducing agent, the reduction was accompanied by the substitution of Ca2+ by Na+ as the exchangeable cation. When using hydrazonium sulphate, the reduction was accompanied by acid activation of the clay, the protons being released in the oxidation reaction of the hydrazonium cation. The charge balance in the clay layers is affected by the reduction processes. These structural changes do not significantly affect the pillaring ability of the clay, which is similar in the reduced solids and in the natural griffithite.

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37

McKenna, Charles E., William G. Gutheil, and Wei Song. "A method for preparing analytically pure sodium dithionite. Dithionite quality and observed nitrogenase-specific activities." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 1075, no. 1 (September 1991): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(91)90082-r.

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38

Stoppe, N., W. Amelung, and R. Horn. "Extracción química de oxi(hidrox)óxidos sedimentario utilizando oxalato de amonio y ditionito sódico revisado - una explicación de los procesos en sedimentos costeros." Agro Sur 43, no. 2 (2015): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/agrosur.2015.v43n2-03.

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39

Huang, W. Y. "Perfluoroalkylation initiating with sodium dithionite and related reagents systems." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 54, no. 1-3 (September 1991): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)83597-6.

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40

Huang, Wei-Yuan. "Perfluoroalkylation initiated with sodium dithionite and related reagent systems." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 58, no. 1 (July 1992): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)82787-6.

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41

Turnbull, K., and M. Saljoughian. "Debromination of 4-Bromo-3-Arylsydnones with Sodium Dithionite." Synthetic Communications 16, no. 4 (March 1986): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397918608057723.

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42

Oloman, Colin, Ben Lee, and Wayne Leyten. "Electrosynthesis of sodium dithionite in a trickle-bed reactor." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 68, no. 6 (December 1990): 1004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450680616.

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43

Shaikh, Abdulla A., and S. M. Javaid Zaidi. "Kinetics of oxygen absorption in aqueous sodium dithionite solutions." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 56, no. 2 (April 24, 2007): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.280560204.

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44

KORMACHEV, V. V., YU N. MITRASOV, and E. A. ANISIMOVA. "ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Sodium Dithionite with Organyltrichlorophosphonium Hexachlorophosphates." ChemInform 22, no. 48 (August 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199148202.

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45

Góis, Joana R., Nuno Rocha, Anatoliy V. Popov, Tamaz Guliashvili, Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Arménio C. Serra, and Jorge F. J. Coelho. "Synthesis of well-defined functionalized poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) using ATRP with sodium dithionite as a SARA agent." Polym. Chem. 5, no. 12 (2014): 3919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4py00042k.

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2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate was polymerized by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization using sodium dithionite as a reducing agent and supplemental activator with a Cu(ii)Br₂/Me₆TREN catalytic system.

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46

Shetty, Prakash, and Nityananda Shetty. "Sodium dithionite as a selective demasking agent for the complexometric determination of thallium." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 70, no. 11 (2005): 1357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0511357s.

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Sodium dithionite is proposed as a new demasking agent for the rapid and selective complexometric determination of thallium(III). In the presence of diverse metal ions, thallium (III) was first complexed with excess EDTA and the surplus EDTA was then titrated with a standard zinc sulphate solution at pH 5-6 (hexamine buffer) using Xylenol Orange as the indicator. The EDTA equivalent to thallium was then released selectively with sodium dithionite and back titrated with a standard zinc sulphate solution as before. Reproducible and accurate results were obtained in the range 4-100 mg of thallium with a relative error of +-27 % and a coefficient of variation (n = 6) of not more than 0.30 %. The effects of various diverse ions were studied. The method was applied to the determination of thallium in its complexes and in alloys.

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47

Watanabe, J., K. Kanai, and S. Kanamura. "A new microphotometric method for measurement of cytochrome P-450 in sections of liver." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 37, no. 8 (August 1989): 1257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/37.8.2754255.

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We developed a new microphotometric method for measuring the amounts of cytochrome P-450 (P-450) in fresh frozen sections of liver. Four serial frozen sections cut from the liver were separately incubated in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) alone, in buffer containing sodium dithionite, in buffer saturated with carbon monoxide (CO), and in buffer saturated with CO and containing sodium dithionite. The difference between absorbance at 450 nm and that at 490 nm was measured in these sections with a simple microphotometer system. This method yielded precise amounts of P-450 in sections by measuring the true extinction of P-450 and by minimizing the effect of contaminating hemoproteins. Livers of adult rats contained large amounts of P-450, which was greater in perivenular hepatocytes than in periportal hepatocytes. In livers of newborn rats, however, small amounts of the enzyme were distributed evenly throughout the lobule.

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48

Li, Jin Tang, Xue Zeng, Chuan Hai Gan, Shi Qiu, Rong Yi Chen, and Xue Tao Luo. "Orthogonal Experiments for Kaolin Bleaching by Using Sodium Dithionite and Sulfuric Acid." Advanced Materials Research 968 (June 2014): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.968.116.

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The quality of the kaolin is always measured by iron contents since this element gives undesirable reddish color which limits the usage of this type of minerals. Reducing the iron contents to increase the value of kaolin by bleaching process is investigated. The effects of factors which can improve the whiteness of kaolin have been studied. The dosage of sodium dithionite, pH value, solid-to-liquid ratio and reaction time were chose as factors based on mono-factor experimental results. Orthogonal experiments were carried out and the optimum processing conditions of the reductive bleaching were obtained as the dosage of sodium dithionite 3%, pH 2, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:3 and reaction time 45min. After bleaching process described above, we obtained a great improvement in the whiteness from 69.93% to 81.31% and a decrease of Fe2O3 content from 0.52% to 0.40% of the kaolin.

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Weinrach, Jeffrey B., Dale R. Meyer, Joseph T. Guy, Paul E. Michalski, Kay L. Carter, Desiree S. Grubisha, and Dennis W. Bennett. "A structural study of sodium dithionite and its ephemeral dihydrate: A new conformation for the dithionite ion." Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research 22, no. 3 (June 1992): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01199531.

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Plenkiewicz, Halina, Wojciech Dmowski, and Miroslaw Lipínski. "Sodium dithionite initiated reactions of Halothane® with enol ethers." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 111, no. 2 (October 2001): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(01)00459-6.

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