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Jurotich, Marcella. "Semantic Interpretations of Ditransitive Constructions in English." American Journal of Undergraduate Research 20, no. 2 (2023): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33697/ajur.2023.087.
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This study addresses claims made by two theories—the Alternative Projection and Verb Sensitive approaches—regarding an interpretation of possession attributed to certain ditransitive constructions. The Alternative Projection approach argues that an interpretation of possession is only available in the double object (DO) pattern expressed by English ditransitive verbs (1a) and is not available in the prepositional (PP) pattern (1b). The Verb Sensitive approach argues that this possession interpretation is either available for both the DO and PP patterns, or for neither pattern, depending on the class of ditransitive verb with which the patterns occur. (1a) The salesperson gave the young farmer the grain mixture. (1b) The salesperson gave the grain mixture to the young farmer. Both approaches posit a possession interpretation of the DO pattern across all ditransitive verbs. This study tests to what degree native English speakers interpret a meaning of possession from the DO and PP patterns through an online survey with 88 participants. Ditransitive verbs from five semantic classes are analyzed to determine if the interpretation of possession varies based on use of the DO or PP pattern (Alternative Projection) or by the semantic class of the verb (Verb Sensitive). The results do not support the Alternative Projection approach. The results suggest partial support for the Verb Sensitive approach, as semantic classes do not entirely follow the pattern predicted by this approach. Further, judgements reported in this study contradict some judgements reported in the literature, highlighting the importance of quantitative studies in evaluating theoretical claims. KEYWORDS: Ditransitives in English; Ditransitive Verbs; Survey; the Dative Alternation; Semantics; Verb Semantics; Alternative Projection approach; Verb Sensitive approach
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Colleman, Timothy, and Bernard De Clerck. "Accounting for ditransitive constructions with envy and forgive." Functions of Language 15, no. 2 (2008): 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.15.2.02col.
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This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the English verbs envy and forgive in the ditransitive argument structure pattern [Sbj V Obj Obj]. Since the ditransitive construction is often associated with a basic ‘transfer of possession’ meaning in existing analyses of its constructional semantics, the occurrence of verbs like envy and forgive in this pattern is quite exceptional and has often been treated as an idiosyncratic use (see e.g. Green 1974, Goldberg 1995, Croft 2003). This paper adds to the etymological explanations traditionally offered to account for such cases (see Goldberg 1995) by presenting a complementary and semantically-driven account. It will be shown that although ditransitives with envy and forgive are obviously peripheral members of the class of ditransitive expressions, these uses are not semantically unmotivated. In this paper we will establish synchronic semantic links between the concepts of envying and forgiving and the central ‘possessional transfer’ meaning of the ditransitive and further elucidate them on the basis of a multidimensional approach to the semantics of grammatical constructions (Geeraerts 1998, Colleman 2006). On a higher plane, this semantic explanation underscores the feasibility of Goldberg’s polysemy approach to ditransitive semantics.
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Ozturk, Seda. "Is instrumental causee available in Azerbaijani?" Proceedings of the Workshop on Turkic and Languages in Contact with Turkic 8 (December 7, 2023): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/ha0k9e13.
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This paper focuses on the availability of instrumental PPs in the ditransitive and causative of ditransitive verbs. While base ditransitive verbs only allow PPs to be marked with inanimate NPs, causative of ditransitive base verbs also accept animate NPs. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether these animate NPs marked with instrumental PPs can be the causee of the causative of ditransitive sentences, and to give an argument structure analysis within the Lexical Mapping Theory.
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박한기. "Ditransitive Verbs Converted from Monotransitive Verbs." English21 28, no. 2 (2015): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35771/engdoi.2015.28.2.012.
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Fithri, Ayyuhatsanail. "INDONESIAN DITRANSITIVITY FROM COGNITIVE SEMANTICS PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Language and Literature 12, no. 1 (2024): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/jll.2024.v12i1.11122.
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This study explores Indonesian ditransitive verbs from a cognitive semantics perspective, focusing on how language reflects conceptual structures and cognitive processes in social interactions, communication, and knowledge transfer. Indonesian ditransitive constructions embody conceptual metaphors and image schemas derived from sensory-motor experiences, such as the Source-Path-Goal schema, which illustrates the transfer of entities or information from a source to a goal through a path. These constructions assign semantic roles to participants, reflecting their roles in the conceptual event represented by the verb and grounded in primitive cognitive concepts called proto-roles. Embodied cognition emphasizes the role of bodily experiences in shaping linguistic expressions, evident in how ditransitive constructions embody social interactions like giving, telling, or teaching. By analyzing cognitive models of communication and learning, Indonesian ditransitive verbs illuminate the dynamics of expertise, social hierarchies, and power dynamics. Prototype theory suggests that ditransitive verbs form categories around prototypical instances, representing fundamental social actions involving the transfer of entities or information. Overall, this study showcases how cognitive semantics provides a comprehensive framework for understanding Indonesian ditransitive verbs and their role in shaping cognitive processes and social interactions.
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Shi, Yuzhi. "Bidirectional transfers of the ditransitive construction in Chinese." Cognitive Linguistic Aspects of Information Structure and Flow 7, no. 2 (2020): 416–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00063.shi.
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Abstract The Chinese ditransitive construction expresses the ‘bidirectional’ transfers: the movement of the patient either (a) from the subject to indirect object or (b) from the indirect object to subject, a feature that has not been identified in other languages. This construction is thus different from the ditransitive construction in English and other languages whose ditransitive constructions can express only a ‘single-direction’ transfer: the movement of the patient from the subject to indirect object only. This article addresses the reason for the unusual functions of the ditransitive construction in Chinese. A parallel difference between these two languages is found in the semantic structures of those ditransitive verbs: Chinese coins a single verb to express the same type of ‘transfer’ action with opposite directions, but English usually invents two distinct verbs to denote the two antonymous meanings whose directions are opposite; e.g., the Chinese verb jiè subsumes the meanings of both borrow and lend in English. This article argues that the different meanings of the ditransitive constructions of Chinese and English result from the different conceptualizations of their ditransitive verbs. In construction grammar, the following question remains unanswered: where does the meaning of the construction come from? The present analysis provides evidence that the meanings of the verbs within the construction are capable of determining the meaning/function of the whole construction.
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Gould, Kevin M., and Laura A. Michaelis. "Match, mismatch, and envisioning transfer events." Constructions and Frames 10, no. 2 (2018): 234–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.00020.gou.
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Abstract Prior studies suggest that language users perform motoric simulations when construing action sentences and that verbs and constructions each contribute to simulation-based representation (Glenberg & Kaschak 2002; Richardson et al. 2003; Bergen et al. 2007; Bergen & Wheeler 2010). This raises the possibility that motorically grounded verb and construction meanings can interact during sentence understanding. In this experiment, we use the action-sentence compatibility effect methodology to investigate how a verb’s lexical-class membership, constructional context, and constructional bias modulate motor simulation effects. Stimuli represent two classes of transfer verbs and two constructions that encode transfer events, Ditransitive and Oblique Goal (Goldberg 1995). Findings reveal two kinds of verb-construction interactions. First, verbs in their preferred construction generate stronger simulation effects overall than those in their dispreferred construction. Second, verbs that entail change of possession generate strong motor-simulation effects irrespective of constructional context, while those entailing causation of motion exert such effects only when enriched up to change-of-possession verbs in the semantically mismatched Ditransitive context. We conclude that simulation effects are not isolable to either verbs or constructions but instead arise from the interplay of verb and construction meaning.
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Rahmanadia, Hyunisa. "Ditransitive Construction in English, Hungarian, Turkish, and Indonesian Language." Loquen: English Studies Journal 14, no. 2 (2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/loquen.v14i2.5093.
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Abstract: Every language shows a different way of expressing ditransitive construction. Thus, the present study aims to investigate and compare the important elements exhibit in the languages under discussion in constructing ditransitive sentences. This paper is a qualitative study. The data comes from detailed written grammar texts, corpora, and interviews with native language speakers. The results show that the languages play with the word order to weigh the focus of sentences. English and Indonesian language do not apply any case-marking to mark the function of the noun phrase. However, in the basic prototypical ditransitive construction, Hungarian and Turkish languages apply an accusative marker to mark the theme and a dative marker to mark the recipient. On the other hand, the verbs’ affixation also affects the semantic property of the ditransitive verbs in the Indonesian language. It is also revealed that the languages use the same ditransitive construction to express genuine transfer and beneficial transfer.Keywords: ditransitive construction, cognitive grammar, comparative study.
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Hatem, Sarah Noori, and Mahdi Innayah Kareem Al-Utbi. "Assignment of Macroroles to the Double Objects of Verbs of Transferring: A Role and Reference Grammar Perspective." International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education 14, no. 1 (2022): 1105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/int-jecse/v14i1.221125.
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Ditransitive verbs that have two objects can be challenging when analyzed from the perspective of universal theories like Role and Reference Grammar (RRG) because each language deals with them in a different way. That is, each language has its own way to classify these verbs. This leads to some differences in the semantic role that each element performs in the sentence. RRG assumes two main macroroles for arguments in the clause: actor and undergoer. Therefore, the second object of a ditransitive verb is given the role of “non-macrorole direct core argument.” Haspelmath (2008) argues that two macroroles may not be enough to cover the cross-linguistic variations. Therefore, he suggests two additional macroroles. This paper, then, tackles the issue of role assignment in English and Arabic double-object constructions (DOCs) in the light of RRG taking into consideration Haspelmath’s suggestion. A limitation is made in this concern; it will be with ditransitive verbs that encode the action of receiving. It was concluded that the third argument of ditransitive verbs may not receive a non-macrorole direct core argument as the theory assumes, but can receive new roles that express the nature of the relationship between these arguments and their verbs.
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Arifiani, Evi, Wagiran Wagiran, and Haryadi Haryadi. "Karakteristik Verba dalam Buku Teks Bahasa Indonesia SMP Kelas VII Kurikulum 2013 Revisi 2016 (The Characteristics of Verbs in 7th Grade Junior High School Indonesian Language Textbook of 2013 Curriculum 2016 Revision)." JALABAHASA 13, no. 2 (2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v13i2.83.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan mendeskripsikan ketransitifan verba pada buku teks Bahasa Indonesia SMP kelas VII Kurikulum 2013 revisi 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik verba pada buku teks Bahasa Indonesia SMP kelas VII Kurikulum 2013 revisi 2016 dari segi ketransitifan verba mencakupi lima jenis ketransitifan, yaitu verba ekatransitif, verba dwitransitif, verba taktransitif,verba taktransitif berpelengkap wajib, dan verba taktransitif berpelengkap manasuka.The aim of this research is to study and describe the transitivity of verbs in 7th Grade Junior High School Indonesian language textbook of 2013 curriculum 2016 revision. Method of this research is descriptive-qualitative. Result of this study shows that there are fi ve types of transitivity of verbs found in the book. There are monotransitive, ditransitive, intransitive, obligatory complemented intransitive verbs, and arbitrary complemented intransitive verbs.
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Vázquez-González, Juan G., and Jóhanna Barðdal. "Reconstructing the ditransitive construction for Proto-Germanic: Gothic, Old English and Old Norse-Icelandic." Folia Linguistica 40, no. 2 (2019): 555–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2019-0021.
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Abstract The semantic range of ditransitive verbs in Modern English has been at the center of linguistic attention ever since the pioneering work of Pinker (1989. Learnability and cognition: The acquisition of argument structure. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press). At the same time, historical research on how the semantics of the ditransitive construction has changed over time has seriously lagged behind. In order to address this issue for the Germanic languages, the Indo-European subbranch to which Modern English belongs, we systematically investigate the narrowly defined semantic verb classes occurring in the ditransitive construction in Gothic, Old English and Old Norse-Icelandic. On the basis of data handed down from Proto-Germanic and documented in the oldest layers of the three Germanic subbranches, East, West and North Germanic, respectively, we show that the constructional range of the ditransitive construction was considerably broader in the earlier historical stages than now; several subclasses of verbs that could instantiate the ditransitive in early Germanic are infelicitous in the ditransitive construction in, for instance, Modern English. Taking the oldest surviving evidence from Germanic as point of departure, we reconstruct the ditransitive construction for an earlier proto-stage, using the formalism of Construction Grammar and incorporating narrowly defined semantic verb classes and higher level conceptual domains. We thus reconstruct the internal structure of the ditransitive construction in Proto-Germanic, including different levels of schematicity.
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Mukherjee, Joybrato, and Sebastian Hoffmann. "Describing verb-complementational profiles of New Englishes." English World-Wide 27, no. 2 (2006): 147–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.27.2.03muk.
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The present paper investigates the emergence of local norms in Indian English at the level of verb complementation, an area which so far has not attracted much attention in research into New Englishes. In attempting to describe the verb-complementational profile of Indian English, we offer a pilot study which combines a descriptive aim and a methodological aim. At the descriptive level, the present article focuses on ditransitive verbs and their complementation and addresses two related questions: (1) To what extent do the frequency and distribution of complementation patterns of specific ditransitive verbs (e.g. give) differ between Indian English and British English? (2) To what extent is the basic ditransitive pattern with two object noun phrases (e.g. in he sent Mary his warmest wishes) associated with different verbs in British English and Indian English? The present paper reveals that in both regards there are clear and identifiable differences in verb complementation between the two varieties. At the methodological level, this pilot study combines the use of balanced and representative subcorpora from the International Corpus of English (ICE) with the in-depth analysis of a much larger database that has been extracted from the Internet archive of the daily Indian newspaper The Statesman. This makes it possible to also detect examples of low-frequency constructions in Indian English, e.g. sporadic cases of ditransitive complementation of verbs such as advise, gift and impart.
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Yi, Eunkyung, Jean-Pierre Koenig, and Douglas Roland. "Semantic similarity to high-frequency verbs affects syntactic frame selection." Cognitive Linguistics 30, no. 3 (2019): 601–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2018-0029.
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AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of the high frequency of occurrence of a verb in a syntactic frame on speakers’ selection of that syntactic frame for other verbs. We hypothesize that the frequent co-occurrence of a syntactic frame and a particular verb (what we call an anchor verb) leads to a strong association between the verb and the frame analogous to the relationship between a category and its best exemplar. Our Verb Anchor Hypothesis claims that verbs that are more semantically similar to the anchor are more likely to occur in that syntactic frame than verbs that are less semantically similar to the anchor. We tested the Verb Anchor Hypothesis on the dative alternation which involves the meaning-preserving ditransitive and prepositional frames. A corpus study determined that give was the anchor verb for the ditransitive frame. We then examined whether high semantic similarity to give increases the likelihood of an alternating verb (e.g. to hand) occurring in the ditransitive frame (Mary handed the boy a book) rather than in the prepositional frame (Mary handed a book to the boy). The results of several logistic regression analyses show that semantic similarity to give makes a unique contribution to predicting the choice of the ditransitive frame aside from other factors known to affect syntactic frame selection. Additional analyses suggest that the Verb Anchor Hypothesis might also hold for more narrowly-defined subclasses of alternating verbs.
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Massam, Diane. "Predicate Argument Structure in Haitian Creole." Revue québécoise de linguistique 18, no. 2 (2009): 95–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602655ar.
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AbstractThis paper outlines the argument properties of Haitian Creole verbs, including intransitive, transitive, and ditransitive verbs, within a lexical framework which includes a level of Lexical Conceptual Structure and a level of Predicate Argument Structure. There is assumed to be a relatively free mapping relation between these two levels in order to explain the many possible variations in argument structure that most verbs exhibit. We see that there are at least two detransitivizing operations in Haitian Creole: one which operates freely and one which must be adverb-licensed. Transitive and ditransitive verbs are classified in terms of which of these operations they may undergo. The paper presents a description of Haitian Creole verb-types in Government and Binding theoretical terms and highlights several problems which Haitian Creole poses for future research.
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Napoli, Maria. "Ditransitive verbs in Latin: A typological approach." Journal of Latin Linguistics 17, no. 1 (2018): 51–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2018-0003.
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AbstractThis paper aims to describe the behavior of Latin verbs with three arguments basically encoding the transfer of aThemefrom anAgentto aRecipient: these verbs, labelled asditransitiveswithin the framework of linguistic typology, will be analyzed here on the basis of this theoretical approach. Across languages, the object arguments of ditransitives may be marked as thePatientof monotransitives or differently from it, giving rise to various types ofalignment: the most frequent are theindirective, thesecundativeand theneutral alignment. In Latin, these three basic types of alignment are attested with ditransitives in the active and passive voice, although they are differently distributed across the lexicon. Moreover, some verbs allow more than one type of encoding of the relevant arguments, showing alternating alignments. I shall focus on the reasons of the distribution and alternation of the three types, with the goal of providing a point of departure for a deeper understanding of ditransitives in the Latin language.
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HORVATH, Sabrina, Leslie RESCORLA, and Sudha ARUNACHALAM. "The syntactic and semantic features of two-year-olds’ verb vocabularies: a comparison of typically developing children and late talkers." Journal of Child Language 46, no. 3 (2019): 409–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000918000508.
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AbstractChildren with language disorders have particular difficulty with verbs, but when this difficulty emerges is unknown. We examined syntactic (transitive, intransitive, ditransitive) and semantic (manner, result) features of two-year-olds’ verb vocabularies, contrasting late talkers and typically developing children to look for early differences in verb vocabulary. We conducted a retrospective analysis of parent-reported expressive vocabulary from the Language Development Survey (N = 564, N(LT) = 62) (Rescorla, 1989). Verbs were coded for the presence or absence of each syntactic and semantic feature. Binomial mixed-effects regressions revealed the effect of feature on children's knowledge and whether feature interacted with group classification. Our results revealed mostly similarities between late talkers and typically developing children. All children's vocabularies showed a bias against verbs that occur in ditransitive frames. One feature showed a difference between groups: late talkers showed a bias against manner verbs that typically developing children did not.
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Miyagawa, Shigeru, and Takae Tsujioka. "Argument Structure and Ditransitive Verbs in Japanese." Journal of East Asian Linguistics 13, no. 1 (2004): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jeal.0000007345.64336.84.
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Jónsson, Jóhannes Gísli. "Object inversion in Icelandic and the Risamálheild Corpus." Oslo Studies in Language 11, no. 2 (2021): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.8498.
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This paper discusses Object Inversion in Icelandic syntax, i.e. examples where the direct object precedes the indirect object (DO-IO orders) in active clauses. In contrast to the neutral IO-DO order, Object Inversion is incredibly rare with most ditransitive verbs and more or less restricted to ditransitive verbs in the DAT-ACC class. This is shown by extensive searches in the new Risamálheild Corpus. These searches also show that Object Inversion strongly favors examples where the DO encodes old information and is phonologically lighter than the following IO. These results yield new and important insights into the study of Object Inversion but also confirm earlier claims in the literature.
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Haspelmath, Martin. "Ditransitive constructions." Annual Review of Linguistics 1 (May 31, 2015): 19–41. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-125204.
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Ditransitive constructions are syntactic constructions with three argu- ments, an agent (A), a theme (T), and a recipient (R), which express an event of possessive transfer (‘give,’ ‘lend,’ etc.) or an event of cognitive transfer (‘tell,’ ‘show,’ etc.). Their cross-linguistic study has revealed three major alignment types: indirective alignment (with the R treated in a special way, distinct from monotransitive P), secundative align- ment (with the T treated in a special way), and neutral alignment (or double-object construction). Alignments may be construction specific, that is, different in argument coding and behavioral properties. Languages sometimes exhibit alignment alternations (multiple constructions with roughly the same meaning), and they often exhibit alignment splits (different constructions under different conditions). The splits are always based on the referential prominence of the R and the T, and show more explicit formal coding for less expected scenarios. Constituent order is also typically sensitive to the topic- worthiness of the objects. Object–object primacy is often based on linear order, but may also be determined by topic-worthiness, with the R having primacy over the T. Ditransitive verbs expressing ‘give’ show a stronger tendency for neutral alignment than do others with a more spatial meaning such as ‘bring’ or ‘send.’
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Makeeva, Nadezhda, and Andrey Shluinsky. "Ditransitive constructions in Akebu." Studies in Language 44, no. 4 (2020): 964–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.19068.shl.
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Abstract This paper contributes to the typology of ditransitive constructions. Akebu (Kwa, Ghana-Togo mountain, West Africa) has four strategies of alignment of ditransitive verbs, if both theme and recipient objects are expressed: a neutral strategy, a possessive-like strategy, a strategy with a pronominal reprise and a ‘take’ serial verb construction strategy. The possessive-like strategy that is most standard in Akebu is rare in a cross-linguistic perspective and has not been attested in other Kwa languages. The factors that license a certain strategy are person, number and noun class of the theme and recipient and the internal structure of the theme noun phrase.
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Huang, Rui-heng Ray. "The Syntax of Mandarin Long Gei Passives Revisited." Studies in Chinese Linguistics 44, no. 1 (2023): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scl-2023-0003.
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Abstract This article examines the syntactic structure of long gei passives in Mandarin Chinese and argues against the prepositional analysis of gei in long passives. Refining the ditransitive verb analysis of Lin and Huang (2015), we propose that gei is an object-control verb which selects a vP complement rather than a CP or IP complement. By providing supporting evidence for the vP analysis through drawing a parallel from object preposing, we show that long gei passives behave on a par with sentences with verbs involving vP complementation like changshi ‘try’, not with those involving IP complementation like jihua ‘plan’. We also show that the ditransitive analysis is supported by syntactic parallels between long gei passives and typical ditransitive sentences in terms of transformation into pseudo-clefts and topicalization of the outer object. The result of this research suggests that two types of object-control structures should be distinguished. One of them involves an IP complement taken by verbs like qiangpo ‘force’, while the other involves a vP complement taken by gei/bei in long passives.
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Audisio, Cynthia Pamela, and Maia Julieta Migdalek. "Do simple syntactic heuristics to verb meaning hold up? Testing the structure mapping account over spontaneous speech to Spanish-learning children." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 65, no. 4 (2020): 556–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2020.21.
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AbstractExperimental research has shown that English-learning children as young as 19 months, as well as children learning other languages (e.g., Mandarin), infer some aspects of verb meanings by mapping the nominal elements in the utterance onto participants in the event expressed by the verb. The present study assessed this structure or analogical mapping mechanism (SAMM) on naturalistic speech in the linguistic environment of 20 Spanish-learning infants from Argentina (average age 19 months). This study showed that the SAMM performs poorly – at chance level – especially when only noun phrases (NPs) included in experimental studies of the SAMM were parsed. If agreement morphology is considered, the performance is slightly above chance but still very poor. In addition, it was found that the SAMM performs better on intransitive and transitive verbs, compared to ditransitives. Agreement morphology has a beneficial effect only on transitive and ditransitive verbs. On the whole, concerns are raised about the role of the SAMM in infants’ interpretation of verb meaning in natural exchanges.
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Guerrero Medina, Pilar. "Meaning construction and motivation in the English benefactive double object construction." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 18, no. 1 (2020): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00052.gue.
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Abstract This paper explores the interaction between verbal and constructional semantics in the benefactive double object construction in English. My main aim is to disentangle the semantics of the construction exploring the constructional potential of the main alternating verb classes, i.e., verbs of “obtaining”, “creation” and “preparing” (Levin, 1993), and spelling out the cognitive principles that motivate these and other extended uses as cases of lexical-constructional subsumption within the framework of the Lexical Constructional Model (cf. Galera Masegosa & Ruiz de Mendoza, 2012; Ruiz de Mendoza, 2013). Rather than advocating a polysemous analysis of the ditransitive, as proposed by Goldberg (1992, 1995), the position I take here is that ditransitives with beneficiary arguments and ditransitives with prototypical recipient arguments instantiate two different subconstructions which cannot be treated under the same general rubric, in spite of their “shared surface form” (Goldberg, 2002, p. 330).
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Ngonyani, Deo. "Properties of applied objects in Kiswahili and Kindendeule." Studies in African Linguistics 27, no. 1 (1998): 68–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v27i1.107388.
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This paper examines objects which are licensed by the applicative affix in the Bantu languages of Kindendeule and Kiswahili. The data show that all verbs can take the applicative suffix deriving transitive verbs from intransitive verbs, and ditransitive verbs from transitive verbs. The applied objects can be interpreted as beneficiary, maleficiary, goal, instrument, reason, motive, ingredient, location, or theme. Only the agent role cannot be licensed by the applicative suffix. On the basis of object order, object marking, passivization, reciprocalization and reflexivization, the objects are classified into: (a) the benefactive type, (b) instrumental type, and (c) locative type.
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Wagiran, Wagiran. "PERILAKU SINTAKSIS VERBA INFLEKSIONAL BAHASA INDONESIA (SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES OF INFLECTIONAL VERBS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE)." JALABAHASA 13, no. 1 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v13i1.44.
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Pembahasan infleksi tidak dapat dilepaskan dari sintaksis karena membicarakan infleksi berarti membicarakan morfosintaksis. Penelitian perilaku sintaksis verba infleksional ini merupakan pelengkap hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Berdasarkan kajian perilaku sintaksis verba infleksional bahasa Indonesia teridentifikasi bahwa verba infleksional bahasa Indonesia memiliki perilaku sintaksis (1) dwitransitif yang memerlukan tiga nomina sebagai argumen sebagai argumen yang merealisasikan kasus agen, benefaktif, dan pengalami, (2) ekatransitif yang memerlukan dua nomina sebagai argumen untuk merealisasikan kasus agen dan objek, (3) verba tak transitif berpelengkap manasuka yang membutuhkan kehadiran nomina sebagai realisasi kasus agen dan pengalami, (4) verba taktransitif berpelengkap wajib yang juga membutuhkan dua nomina sebagai realisasi kasus agen dan pengalami, (5) verba taktransitif takberpelengkap yang membutuhkan kehadiran satu nomina sebagai realisasi kasus pengalami.ABSTRACTDiscussion on infl ection could not be separated from syntax since it is related to morphosyntactic.This research in syntactic category of infl ectional verbs is conducted as an addition to complete the previous researches. Based on the research, the syntactic category of the infl ectional verbs are identifi ed (1) ditransitive with three nouns as arguments and realization of agent case, benefactive,experiencer, (2) transitive with two nouns as arguments and realization of object and agent case,(3) arbitrary complemented intransitive verbs with nouns as the realization of agent and experience case, (4) complemented intransitive verbs also with two nouns as the realization of agent and experience case, (5) noncomplementary intransitive verbs with one noun as the realization of experiencer case.
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Colleman, Timothy. "The Curious Case of Ditransitive Pity, or the Productivity of an Unproductive Pattern." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 70, no. 3 (2022): 337–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2022-2068.
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Abstract This article starts out from the observation that, in present-day English, pity is occasionally used in the ditransitive [Subj V Obj1 Obj2] argument structure pattern, although the verb denotes an emotional state and can hardly be construed as encoding an event by means of which a transfer of possession is potentially brought about. Since the English ditransitive construction is undergoing a semantic specialization process, one hypothesis that comes directly to mind is that the sporadic uses of ditransitive pity are a relic from a formerly more well-entrenched use. Data from the CLMET 3.1 corpus and from COHA suggest that this scenario is unlikely, though. Instead, it will be argued that ditransitive pity – as well as uses with other emotion verbs such as rue and resent – are low-level extensions starting from the verb-specific [Subj envy Obj1 Obj2] pattern, which is thus less unproductive as has been assumed in the existing literature.
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Nakatani, Kentaro. "Processing Complexity of Complex Predicates: A Case Study in Japanese." Linguistic Inquiry 37, no. 4 (2006): 625–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2006.37.4.625.
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Complex predicates, by definition, behave like representationally ‘‘reduced’’ predicates, as extensively discussed in the syntax literature. This article reports the results from an experimental study using a type of complex predicate in Japanese (the V-te V predicate), testing how people process this type of complex ‘‘restructured’’ predicate in real time. Because of the properties of the V-te V predicate, it was possible to compare restructured predicates with nonrestructured ones, keeping such factors as event composition, Case licensing, and lexical choice constant. The results of the experiment suggest that the tested restructured predicates involve a single array of predicate-argument association rather than two separate arrays, even though they contain two verbs. The results also revealed that syntactically complex ditransitive predicates are processed with the same ease as lexical ditransitives.
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Prasain, Balaram. "Nepali Verbs: Some Properties." Gipan 3, no. 2 (2017): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v3i2.48914.
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Nepali verb stems end with i, a, o and ʌ vowels, and voiced and voiceless consonants. From transitivity perspective, they are intransitive and transitive/ditransitive. The verbs are monosyllabic and polysyllabic from syllabicity point of view. Another feature that Nepali verbs have is sound [a] whose presence and absence has direct impact on causative stem formation. The causative stem formation is regular with some phonological restrictions; however, the passive stem formation is very productive. Negativization occurs from both prefixation and suffixation processes. On the basis of features and morphological processes, four types of stems, namely, base stem, passive stem, causative stem and causative passive stem are found.
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Hopp, Holger, and Mayra E. León Arriaga. "Structural and inherent case in the non-native processing of Spanish: Constraints on inflectional variability." Second Language Research 32, no. 1 (2015): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658315605872.
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This article reports an eye-tracking study on the native and non-native processing of case in Spanish. Twenty-four native and 27 first language (L1) German non-native speakers of Spanish were tested on their sensitivity to case marking violations involving structural case with objects of ditransitive verbs and to violations of inherent case for objects of transitive verbs (differential object marking; DOM). Both groups distinguished between grammatical and ungrammatical case marking for all sentence types in off-line acceptability judgments. In reading, however, the non-native speakers, unlike the native speakers, were sensitive only to violations of structural case marking with ditransitive verbs and the erroneous realization of DOM with inanimate objects. In contrast, they did not show processing slowdowns for the omission of DOM with animate objects. We interpret the asymmetry in non-native processing as reflecting sensitivity of the parser to grammatical feature hierarchies in that the parser licenses default case markings, yet flags feature clashes occasioned by the suppliance of erroneous inflectional forms with inherent case marking. We discuss the findings in the context of current approaches to second language (L2) acquisition and processing.
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Hasanovna, Davlatova Mukhayyo. "The Expression ofCausative, Resultative andDitransitive Constructions inEnglish And Uzbek Languages." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 5, no. 4 (2025): 20–22. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume05issue04-06.
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In the sphere of aspectual semantics, relevance plays an important role in special research due to the diversity of methods and means of expression. This is because resilience is alsocharacterized by the ability to be expressed in specific units and structures. This led to the selection of resilience as a separate research object. On a constructional approach, we can understand aspects of the final interpretation involving caused motion, intended transfer, or caused result to be contributed by the respective constructions. That is, we can understand skeletal constructions to be capable of contributing arguments. For example, we can define the ditransitive construction to be associated directly with agent, patient, and recipient roles, and then associate the class of verbs of creation with the ditransitive construction. We do not need to stipulate a specific sense of bake unique to this construction. In general, we can understand the direct objects found in the above examples to be licensed not directly as arguments of the verbs but by the particular constructions.
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Zhang, Niina Ning. "Argument Interpretations in the Ditransitive Construction." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 21, no. 2 (1998): 179–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s033258650000425x.
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An indirect object can be interpreted as a Provider or as a Recipient. The evidence considered in this article suggests that the two interpretations can be morphologically analytic in Chinese and typologically parametrized for certain natural classes of verbs in English and Chinese. Two VP projections are proposed for the ditransitive construction. The head of the lower VP can be phonologically realized or null. The content of the null verb is parametrized across languages. The contrasts in indirect object interpretations in these languages are explained in terms of the lexical meanings of the null verb. The contrasts in verb occurrence restrictions in these languages are accounted for by the interpretable feature compatibilities in head adjunction from the lower to the higher VP.
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KANE, Hafissatou. "A Corpus-Based Research on Ditransitive Constructions with Tell and Say." Sumerianz Journal of Education, Linguistics and Literature, no. 41 (February 27, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47752/sjell.41.23.29.
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Learners’ errors give insights to teachers, textbook writers, curriculum designers and many applied linguists about the learning difficulty in the acquisition of a target language. Studying systematically these errors is therefore considered indispensable in learning teaching process. Basing on the corpus-based model, this paper investigates the constructions of two ditransitive verbs: TELL and SAY which cause much trouble to second language learners. After analysing the exam copies of 200 second-year students in the English department of Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar, the study comes up with two general observations. First, the analysis of the overall data shows that learners of the corpus largely prefer using TELL (62, 5%) to SAY (14, 5%). The second observation is, these students use more correctly the ditransitive form involving TELL than SAY. For instance, 79, 2% of them employ TELL in the double object construction corresponding to the basic structure TELL + someone + something, while only 5,1% correctly use the dative construction of SAY which is SAY + something + to + someone. These findings conform to several studies which claim that the dative form is the most complicated construction, and is consequently the rarely used one. All of this indicates, that even if these students are English majors, they are still in their basic level in the acquisition of ditransitive constructions. This suggests that special strategies and mechanisms are required in teaching and learning ditransitive verbs. More efforts are also needed in teaching and learning constructions in grammar (e.g. alternating pairs like Passive /Active, Will /Be going to, Verb-particle constructions etc.). This will help students become more accurate in using English, the target language.
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SIMON-CEREIJIDO, GABRIELA, and VERA F. GUTIÉRREZ-CLELLEN. "A cross-linguistic and bilingual evaluation of the interdependence between lexical and grammatical domains." Applied Psycholinguistics 30, no. 2 (2009): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716409090134.
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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine within- and across-language relationships between lexical and grammatical domains by focusing on measures of lexical diversity and grammatical complexity in Spanish and English. One hundred ninety-six preschool and school-aged Latino children with different levels of English and Spanish proficiencies and different language abilities produced narratives in Spanish, English, or both. Analyses revealed strong associations between lexical (number of different words and number of different verbs) and grammatical measures (mean length of utterances in words and use of ditransitive predicates), supporting the domain interdependence hypothesis within a language. Cross-linguistic comparisons indicate a greater diversity of verbs and ditransitive predicates in Spanish compared to English for this population. In the language samples of children who produced narratives in the two languages, there was no relationship between the two domains across languages. The lack of cross-language correlations may be related to other variables influencing lexical and semantic development in bilingual learners. Methodological issues to be considered in future studies with bilingual speakers are discussed.
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Rafael, Agnes Maria Diana, and Darius Y. Nama. "KONSTRUKSI KALIMAT TRANSITIF BAHASA MELAYU KUPANG ( KAJIAN TATABAHASA LEKSIKAL FUNGSIONAL)." HINEF : Jurnal Rumpun Ilmu Pendidikan 1, no. 1 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37792/hinef.v1i1.386.
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Abstract. Kupang Malay is a language that belongs to Malay language family. Typologically, the morphology of Kupang Malay is classified as agglutinating language, which is a language that has a morpholexical process. This study aims to examine the construction of Kupang Malay transitive sentences using functional lexical grammar studies. The research method used is descriptive-qualitative method, because it is considered capable of providing a systematic, accurate, and factual explanation of the data, properties and relationships of the phenomena studied and ultimately produces a scientific picture of the data (Djajasudarma, 1993:8) . The types of data collected and analyzed in this study were all oral data sourced from informants who were Kupang Malay native speakers. This study used the equivalent analysis method and the agih method. The results of the research concluded that the transitive sentence construction of Kupang Malay consists of an intransitive verb clause and a ditransitive verb clause. For example, in transitive verbs the number 'angka' there is the only OBJ in the grammatical relation, which is present as the main argument needed by a verb other than SUBJ in each verb. Kupang Malay's transitive clause structure with numeric verbs as the core of the clause occupies the predicate position, so that the verb must be present unmarked or is a verb without affixes. Furthermore, the second type of transitive verb is contained in a ditransitive clause. The ditransitive verb has three main arguments in grammatical functions as SUBJ, OBJ, and OBJɵ.
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ZEHENTNER, EVA. "Ditransitives in Middle English: on semantic specialisation and the rise of the dative alternation." English Language and Linguistics 22, no. 01 (2017): 149–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674316000447.
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This article discusses the plausibility of a correlation or even a causal relation between two phenomena that can be observed in the history of English ditransitives. The changes concerned are: first, the emergence of the ‘dative alternation’, i.e. the establishment of a link between the double object construction (DOC) and its prepositional paraphrase, and second, a reduction in the range of verb classes associated with the DOC, with the construction's semantics becoming specialised to basic transfer senses. Empirically, the article is based on a quantitative analysis of the occurrences of the DOC as well as its prepositional competitors in thePenn–Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English, 2nd edition (PPCME2). On the basis of these results, it will be argued that the semantic narrowing and the increasing ability of ditransitive verbs to be paraphrased by ato-prepositional construction (to-POC) interacted in a bi-directional causal manner.
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Shagal, Ksenia. "Nanai argument structure: Russian influence." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 4, no. 2 (2013): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2013.4.2.06.
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The paper investigates two classes of verbs in the Naikhin dialect of Nanai (Tungusic; spoken mostly in the Russian Far East) that demonstrate a certain instability with respect to their argument structure in a situation where there is contact with Russian, the dominating language of the region. The avalent verbs tend to acquire a subject, thus turning into intransitives, while ditransitive verbs reduce the original number of possible argument encoding strategies and preserve the dative-accusative pattern only. The general claim of this article is that although there might be some other reasons (structural, typological, etc.) for the argument structure change in an endangered language, language contact also contributes to the process.
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Bruening, Benjamin. "Ditransitive Asymmetries and a Theory of Idiom Formation." Linguistic Inquiry 41, no. 4 (2010): 519–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00012.
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This article discusses three asymmetries in ditransitives—quantifier scope, nominalizations, and idioms—and argues that an asymmetric theory like that advocated by Marantz (1993) and Bruening (2001) is correct. A symmetric theory like that proposed by Harley (1997, 2002) cannot account for the asymmetries. The article also proposes a complete theory of idiom formation based on selection. It also proposes a formal semantics for double object constructions that includes a mechanism for composing complex predicates. This semantics can account for the different readings of again and other modifiers, and can also be extended to nonalternating verbs like deny, spare, envy, and cost, with correct predictions about their behavior.
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Genetti, Carol. "Object Relations and Dative Case in Dolakha Newari." Studies in Language 21, no. 1 (1997): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.21.1.03gen.
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In Dolakha Newari, the dative case marks recipients of ditransitive verbs and some patients of monotransitive verbs. Quantative studies show that animacy and activation cost are both relevant in determining the distribution of dative case. Two theories on the syntactic status of objects in systems of this general type are shown to be inadequate for Dolakha. Instead it is found that there is no morphological or syntactic evidence for differentiating between classes of object in this language. Theories on the motivation of this pattern are considered, and it is concluded that it is best understood in terms of referent importance or topicworthiness.
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Constantino Soares, Antonio. "SYNTACTIC CATEGORY AND ITS FUNCTIONS." Lire Journal 2, no. 1 (2018): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/lire.v2i1.17.
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This research described about the“Syntactic Category and its Functions” of English language which only implemented on the “present tense”. This research was more focused on some certain sentences elements and expanded into some type of verbs such as ordinary intransitive, complex-intransitive, semitransitive, ordinary monotransitive,complex-transitive, ditransitive and prepositional partial of ditransitive. This research was intended to increase the English learners and teachers’ abilities to have a better understanding related to the sentence elements of English language in the future time. The theories of syntax proposed by Huddleston and Pullum (2005) and Verhaar (2012) were appliedto determine the syntax category and its functions in this research.The introspective reflexsive method was applied to gain the data in this research, however the qualitative descriptive method was applied to analyse the data in this research.
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Sari Sujatna, Eva Tuckyta. "MATERIAL PROCESS IN THE ENGLISH CLAUSE: FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR APPROACH." Sosiohumaniora 11, no. 3 (2009): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v11i3.5426.
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This research is entitled Material Process in English Clause: A Functional Grammar Approach. This research discusses three main points: (1) the verbs can be categorized into material process; (2) the participants involve in the material process; and (3) the clause patterns of material process. This research employs a Functional Grammar Approach (FGA). This research method used is descriptive method, which employs paraphrases and reference techniques. The result of this research shows that (1) the verbs: run, kill, make, destroy, give, sing, play, break, go, snore, sleep, buy, bit, put, paint, and consider can be categorized into the verbs of material process; (2) the participants involve in the material process can be agent, affected, effected, recipient, beneficiary, range, and instrument; and (3) the clause patterns of material process can be intransitive, monotransitive, ditransitive, and complex transitive.
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Diewald, Gabriele. "Non-central usages of datives." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 69, no. 1 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2016-0001.
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AbstractNon-central usages of datives are defined in terms of increasing deviation from the prototypical, central usage of the dative, i. e. its usage in ditransitive constructions with ‘give’ verbs, on several parameters. The introduction offers an exemplification of the clines of (non-)centrality of dative usages, and specifies the aim of the volume. It also provides an outlook on the individual perspective each contribution takes on this issue.
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Beavers, J. "An Aspectual Analysis of Ditransitive Verbs of Caused Possession in English." Journal of Semantics 28, no. 1 (2010): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/ffq014.
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Schilk, Marco, Joybrato Mukherjee, Christopher Nam, and Sach Mukherjee. "Complementation of ditransitive verbs in South Asian Englishes: a multifactorial analysis." Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 9, no. 2 (2013): 187–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2013-0001.
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AbstractThis paper examines parallels and differences between South Asian Englishes and British English with regard to various factors driving the selection of verb-complementation patterns. Focusing on the prototypical ditransitive verb give and its complementation, we use large web-derived corpora and distinguish between two possible response cases, one based on the dative and prepositional construction (i.e. the dative alternation), the other including monotransitive complementation. Our data has been additionally coded for a number of potential driving factors, such as pronominality and discourse accessibility of the participants in the constructions. Applying a model-exploration technique we isolate the main driving factors for the varieties under scrutiny (Indian English, Pakistani English and British English) and analyze their influence on pattern selection based on a multinomial logistic regression formulation. Our findings show that, while there is a large area of overlap between the varieties, Pakistani English is closer to British English with regard to relevant driving factors than Indian English. Furthermore, we reveal interesting parallels between all three varieties in the use of monotransitive complementation.
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Yikiru, Peace, and Bebwa Isingoma. "The use of ditransitive constructions among L1 Lugbarati speakers of English in Uganda: A preliminary study." Studies in Linguistics, Culture, and FLT 11, no. 1 (2023): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/fniv9282.
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One of the important features of structural nativization of L2 varieties of English is how their grammar converges with and/or diverges from their parent variety, usually, British English. Building on Isingoma (2016, 2021a), this study is set out to augment discourse on verb complementational profile in Ugandan English, focusing on ditransitive constructions. Using naturalistic data from semi-structured interviews involving 50 participants from L1 Lugbarati (a Central Sudanic language) speakers of English, the study shows that the Prepositional Phrase Construction (PPC) involving goal verbs is preferred over the Double Object Construction (DOC) configuration. Moreover, our data did not have a single incidence of benefactive DOCs. Substrate influence from Lugbarati, among others, appears to be a contributing factor, given that DOCs are rare in this language, as they are constrained by the semantic criterion of ‘prior possession’ of the theme/patient by the recipient/beneficiary referent. The findings thus show that Isingoma’s (2016) monolithic generalizations about this phenomenon are debatable, as he indicates that the DOC is overwhelmingly acceptable with goal verbs in Ugandan English and that the particularities observed in ditransitive constructions in the variety are influenced by Bantu languages (where the DOC is the norm). Likewise, the assertion that Ugandans ubiquitously use the non-canonical PPC configuration for benefactive verbs (Isingoma, 2016) does not hold for L1 Lugbarati speakers of English, as the configuration was manifestly sporadic in our data, as opposed to the canonical PPC. The current study thus underscores the fact that there is substantial interspeaker variability in Ugandan English along ethnolinguistic lines (cf. Isingoma & Meierkord, 2022).
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De Clerck, Bernard, Martine Delorge, and Anne-Marie Simon-Vandenbergen. "Semantic and Pragmatic Motivations for Constructional Preferences." Journal of English Linguistics 39, no. 4 (2011): 359–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0075424211421346.
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A select group of transfer verbs can enter into four different constructions: the ditransitive construction ( He provided John the money), the prepositional-dative construction ( He provided the money to John), a construction with a prepositional theme ( He provided John with the money), and a construction with a recipient realized by a for-phrase ( He provided the money for John). In this article, the authors take a close look at three such verbs: provide, supply, and present. Corpus analysis shows that these three verbs display different structural preferences with respect to the for-, to-, and with-patterns. To explain these preferences, the study investigates pragmatic principles (following Mukherjee on provide) and the role played by semantic factors. An examination of the semantics of the verbs and the lexically motivated constructional semantics of the to, for, and with-patterns shows (a) that the three constructions are not interchangeable and (b) that the preferential differences among the three verbs find an explanation in the compatibility between lexical and constructional semantics. The description is mainly based on data from the British National Corpus.
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Emirkanian, Louisette, Leslie Redmond, and Adel Jebali. "Maîtrise des clitiques datifs dans les structures bitransitives en français L2 par des apprenants anglophones : influence de la structure argumentale de la L1." Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 24, no. 3 (2021): 30–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37213/cjal.2021.26419.
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The objective of this study is to measure the influence of L1 verb argument structure, as well as verb meaning, on the mastery of dative clitics in French as a second language for a group of Anglophone learners. More specifically, we focus on ditransitive structures. While French and English share the V NP PP structure, English also has a double-object structure, V NP NP, for a subset of verbs. The results of our study show that L1 argument structure influences the mastery of dative clitics in French, especially for verbs that only accept the double-object structure in English. Further, the behaviour of our participants with verbs that accept the dative alternation led us to conduct a follow-up study. The findings show that verb meaning also influences performance with dative clitics, but this effect cannot be explained by L1 influence.
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Az-Zahra, Namira, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Keintransitifan Terbelah dalam Bahasa Arab." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI HUMANIORA 10, no. 1 (2025): 81. https://doi.org/10.36722/sh.v10i1.3956.
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<p><strong>The phenomenon of split-intransitivity divides intransitive verbs into two types, namely unergative and unaccusative which differ in syntactic structure and semantic role. As a complex language and rich in morphological systems, Arabic does not explicitly distinguish between the two verbs. So this research is conducted to find out the split ditransitive especially unergative verbs and unaccusative verbs found in Arabic. This research is a qualitative research. Data in the form of sentences that use unergative and unaccusative verbs in Arabic, collected through documentation studies from the third edition of the book Arabic Verbs and Essential Grammar and related scientific journals, then analyzed using the agih method with direct element division and form change techniques. The result of the research is that unergative verbs (<em>al-af‘āl al-lāzimah</em>) in Arabic include various categories, namely character verbs, instinct verbs, behavior verbs, color verbs, physical and emotional state verbs, and verbs with <em>fa’ula</em> patterns. While unaccusative verbs (<em>al-af‘āl al-muṭāwa‘ah</em>) include various patterns such as the transition of object to subject without any change in verb form, passive construction and morphosyntactic affixation process.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong> – <em>Arabic, Split Intransitivity, Unaccusative, Unergative </em></p>
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Willems, Klaas, Evi Van Damme, and Hilde De Vaere. "Die Dativalternation im Deutschen vom Standpunkt der einzelsprachlich-funktionellen Syntax: Synchronie und Diachronie." Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 53, no. 1 (2025): 215–84. https://doi.org/10.1515/zgl-2025-2006.
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Abstract This article examines the alternation between the dative object construction (e.g. Der Kassierer gab dem Räuber das Geld aus der Kasse ‘The cashier gave the robber the money from the cash drawer’) and the prepositional object construction (e.g. Der Körper gibt Signale an den Kopf ‘The body sends signals to the head’) in German on the basis of synchronic and diachronic corpus data. The analysis adopts a language-specific functional perspective on grammatical structures along the lines of Eugenio Coserius “Funktionelle Syntax” approach, but also considers current developments in the discussion on argument structure constructions. Theoretically, the approach revolves around three key factors: i) the principled distinction between language-specific meaning (“signifié”), designation (reference) and text-meaning (“Sinn”, “sensus”); ii) a focus on language-specific grammatical functions and the different levels of grammatical structuring, including the Coserian account of “grammatical synonymy”, and iii) the distinction between the language system (“langue”) and normal (i.e. conventionalized) language use. On the empirical side, the study reports the findings of multivariate analyses of a large number of annotated sentences with four ditransitive verbs (geben ‘give’, übergeben ‘transfer, hand over, deliver’, senden ‘send’ and schicken ‘send’), which are analysed against the background of a layered model for the synchronic and diachronic account of the dative alternation in German. The model establishes the hierarchical relationship between a higher-level ‘constructeme’ (the ‘ditransitive construction’ in the narrow sense of the term), which is underspecified in terms of its language-specific expression and meaning, and two ‘allostructions’, the dative object construction and the prepositional object construction respectively, which are the constructional variants of the dative alternation. The model also accommodates the variation between the prepositions an and zu (‘to’) found with a number of ditransitive verbs in the prepositional object construction.
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Alqurashi, Abdulrahman. "Cognate Object Constructions in Arabic." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 2 (2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i2.16683.
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This paper aims to explore Cognate Object constructions in Modern Standard Arabic and addresses the question of whether they are arguments or adjuncts. It examines in detail the properties of these constructions. The facts related to Cognate Objects suggest that they are best seen as arguments and not as some sort of adverbial adjuncts. Unlike English and many other languages, the use of cognate objects in Modern Standard Arabic is very productive. They occur with almost all types of verbs: intransitive, unergative, unaccusative, monotransitive and ditransitive verbs. Moreover, they can be passivized, pronominalized and topicalized. The paper also presents more evidence in favour of the argument analysis and against the adjunct analysis for cognate objects in Modern Standard Arabic.
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NISBET, TIM. "Meaning, metaphor, and argument structure." Journal of Linguistics 56, no. 3 (2019): 629–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222671900029x.
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This paper challenges what it calls the semantic determinist hypothesis (SDH) of argument licensing, according to which the syntactic realisation of a verb’s arguments is a function of its semantic properties. Specifically, it takes issue with ‘event schema’ versions of the SDH applied to the English ditransitive alternation (give/send {Jesse the gun/the gun to Jesse}), which claim a systematic, syntactically predictive distinction between ‘caused possession’ and ‘caused motion’. It is first shown that semantic and syntactic irregularities among the alternating verbs disconfirm such a mapping. More crucially, however, it is argued that ‘non-prototypical’ (metaphorical and idiomatic) usage (The news report gave Walt an idea, Walt’s actions gave the lie to his promises, The discovery sent Jesse into a fury) is fatal to the SDH, since the hypothesis entails the existence of semantic constraints on argument realisation which these expressions violate.Based on an analysis of the semantically-related verbs give, send, and put, it is claimed that prototypical, metaphorical and idiomatic expressions of a verb can all be licensed straightforwardly, but only if theory maintains separate syntactic and semantic representation of arguments in lexical entries, observing the ‘parallel architecture’ of Jackendoff (1997, 2002), and only if argument tokens are licensed by the syntactic representation alone. A type of structure called a Lexical Argument Construction is proposed, which can describe all the relevant properties of verbs and verbal idioms.