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Journal articles on the topic 'Diurnal activity pattern'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Vredevoe, L. K., R. B. Kimsey, and P. J. Richter. "Temporal drop-off pattern of juvenile Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 4 (1997): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-076.

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We determined the temporal drop-off pattern of juvenile western black-legged ticks, Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, by recording the time of day that replete ticks dropped off common laboratory-reared and field-caught rodents. The majority of subadult ticks dropped during daylight hours. Larvae that attached to nocturnally active murid or diurnal sciurid rodents left their hosts during slightly different periods of the day. Larvae primarily departed from murids between 14:00 and 18:00 and from sciurids between 10:00 and 14:00. Drop-off of nymphs from rodents was significantly greater betwee

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Hall, Margaret I., Jason M. Kamilar, and E. Christopher Kirk. "Eye shape and the nocturnal bottleneck of mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1749 (2012): 4962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2258.

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Most vertebrate groups exhibit eye shapes that vary predictably with activity pattern. Nocturnal vertebrates typically have large corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual sensitivity. Conversely, diurnal vertebrates generally demonstrate smaller corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual acuity. By contrast, several studies have concluded that many mammals exhibit typical nocturnal eye shapes, regardless of activity pattern. However, a recent study has argued that new statistical methods allow eye shape to accurately predict activity patterns o

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Hall, Margaret I., Jason M. Kamilar, and E. Christopher Kirk. "Eye shape and the nocturnal bottleneck of mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1749 (2012): 4962–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13485899.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Most vertebrate groups exhibit eye shapes that vary predictably with activity pattern. Nocturnal vertebrates typically have large corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual sensitivity. Conversely, diurnal vertebrates generally demonstrate smaller corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual acuity. By contrast, several studies have concluded that many mammals exhibit typical nocturnal eye shapes, regardless of activity pattern. However, a recent study has argued that new statistical methods allow

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Hall, Margaret I., Jason M. Kamilar, and E. Christopher Kirk. "Eye shape and the nocturnal bottleneck of mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1749 (2012): 4962–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13485899.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Most vertebrate groups exhibit eye shapes that vary predictably with activity pattern. Nocturnal vertebrates typically have large corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual sensitivity. Conversely, diurnal vertebrates generally demonstrate smaller corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual acuity. By contrast, several studies have concluded that many mammals exhibit typical nocturnal eye shapes, regardless of activity pattern. However, a recent study has argued that new statistical methods allow

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Hall, Margaret I., Jason M. Kamilar, and E. Christopher Kirk. "Eye shape and the nocturnal bottleneck of mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1749 (2012): 4962–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13485899.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Most vertebrate groups exhibit eye shapes that vary predictably with activity pattern. Nocturnal vertebrates typically have large corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual sensitivity. Conversely, diurnal vertebrates generally demonstrate smaller corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual acuity. By contrast, several studies have concluded that many mammals exhibit typical nocturnal eye shapes, regardless of activity pattern. However, a recent study has argued that new statistical methods allow

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Hall, Margaret I., Jason M. Kamilar, and E. Christopher Kirk. "Eye shape and the nocturnal bottleneck of mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1749 (2012): 4962–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13485899.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Most vertebrate groups exhibit eye shapes that vary predictably with activity pattern. Nocturnal vertebrates typically have large corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual sensitivity. Conversely, diurnal vertebrates generally demonstrate smaller corneas relative to eye size as an adaptation for increased visual acuity. By contrast, several studies have concluded that many mammals exhibit typical nocturnal eye shapes, regardless of activity pattern. However, a recent study has argued that new statistical methods allow

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Ejigu, Dessalegn, Afework Bekele, and Larkin Powell. "Diurnal activity patterns of walia ibex (Capra walie) in Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia." Journal of Biology and Life Science 11, no. 2 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v11i2.17049.

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Walia ibex (Capra walie) is an endangered and endemic species restricted to Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), Ethiopia. Data on activity patterns of walia ibex were collected during October 2009 to November 2011, and the main objective of the research was to determine diurnal activity patterns of walia ibex in Simien Mountains National Park in order to design sound conservation strategies for the species. Scan sampling method was used for data collection on diurnal activity patterns of walia ibex. Diurnal activity patterns in walia ibex were bimodal, in which they were active before and a

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Ramos, Déborah, Lucian Canto, Felipe Silva, Martín Montes, João Pedro Souza-Alves, and Lucas Gonçalves. "Activity patterns of domestic dogs and native terrestrial mammals in the Tapacurá Ecological Station, Brazil." Mammalogy Notes 10, no. 1 (2024): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.47603/mano.v10n1.359.

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Domestic dogs are a threat to biodiversity. We evaluated the activity patterns of domestic dogs and terrestrial mammals in a patch of Atlantic forest in northeastern Brazil. We expected native mammals to change their temporal pattern of activity in the presence of domestic dogs. We installed 16 camera traps in 2019 (January-March) and 16 cameras in 2021 (February-April), with a total effort effort of 640 trap days. We classified the activity of the species as diurnal, cathemeral, nocturnal and crepuscular. We found 274 records of 11 mammal species and overlapping activity between domestic dogs

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Brown, Scott A., Kimberly Langford, and Stacy Tarver. "Effects of certain vasoactive agents on the long-term pattern of blood pressure, heart rate, and motor activity in cats." American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, no. 6 (1997): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.06.647.

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Abstract Objective To determine whether a diurnal pattern exists in cardiovascular variables and motor activity, and whether pharmacologic agents that decrease (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) or increase (Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester [L-NAME]) blood pressure alter the pattern. Animals 6 clinically normal cats. Procedure Radiotelemetric implants were used to measure systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, and motor activity in conscious cats maintained in cages. Measurements were obtained during absence of treatment (control), treatment with dietary salt restriction plus an inhibi

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Logendra, Sitheswary, and Harry W. Janes. "DIURNAL PATTERN OF ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE ACTIVITY IN TOMATO." HortScience 28, no. 5 (1993): 537g—537. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.537g.

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The diurnal pattern of the activity of the starch synthesízing enzyme ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase was studied in young tomato seedlings, grown under a light/dark cycle of 12h/12h. The third leaf from the base of the plant was used for the study when they were 80 to 90% fully expanded. The enzyme activity had two peaks, a smaller peak during the light period and a larger peak during the dark period. The activity began to increase before the lights were turned on and it was maintained for the first four hours of the light period and then began to decline. Similarly, the activity began to incr

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Gartstein, Maria A., Erich Seamon, Stephanie F. Thompson, and Liliana J. Lengua. "Featured Article: Community Crime Exposure and Risk for Obesity in Preschool Children: Moderation by the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal-Axis Response." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 43, no. 4 (2017): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsx116.

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Abstract Objective Identification of early risk factors related to obesity is critical to preventative public health efforts. In this study, we investigated links between the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA)-axis activity (diurnal cortisol pattern), geospatially operationalized exposure to neighborhood crime, and body mass index (BMI) for a sample of 5-year-old children. Greater community crime exposure and lower HPA-axis activity were hypothesized to contribute to higher BMI, with child HPA-axis moderating the association between crime exposure and BMI. Method Families residing within the

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Steen, Ronny. "Diel activity patterns of urban Woodchucks (Marmota monax) revealed by camera traps at burrows in southwestern Ontario, Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 134, no. 4 (2021): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v134i4.2110.

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Animals display a range of diurnal and nocturnal activity patterns and, among mammals, a high proportion of species are crepuscular or nocturnal. Daily activities are often endogenous and oscillate on a light:dark regime. Such cycles are referred to as ‘circadian’ and are generally influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. I investigated the daily activity of urban Woodchucks (Marmota monax) by using 24-hour camera traps at backyard burrows in London, Ontario, Canada, in June. Cameras enabled the collection of data that would otherwise have been labour intensive by direct observation. Statisti

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Arrese, C., and PB Runham. "Redefining the activity pattern of the honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus)." Australian Mammalogy 23, no. 2 (2001): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am01169.

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ANIMALS are commonly separated into two major categories based on their activity patterns: diurnal and nocturnal. However, evidence of numerous species exhibiting diverse periods of activity, including arhythmic and crepuscular habits, broadens the description. The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus), a small West-Australian marsupial feeding exclusively on nectar and pollen, has been described as strongly nocturnal (Wooller et al. 1981; Russell and Renfree 1989). However, infrequent daytime activity in captivity (Russell 1986) and in the wild under cold, cloudy conditions, has been reported (Ho

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Frank, M. G., and H. C. Heller. "Development of diurnal organization of EEG slow-wave activity and slow-wave sleep in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 273, no. 2 (1997): R472—R478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.273.2.r472.

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This study characterizes the development of diurnal patterns of slow-wave sleep (SWS) distribution and SWS electroencephalographic (EEG) delta-power (DP) density in 12- to 24-day-old rats (P12-P24). Diurnal organization in sleep-wake distribution was established by P20. A decline in SWS DP across the light phase did not appear until P24. Before P20, SWS DP increased across the light phase in a pattern inverse to that typically seen in adult rats. At P20, SWS DP was evenly distributed across the light phase, and at P24, SWS DP declined across the light phase. The transient dissociation between

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Gattermann, Rolf, Robert E. Johnston, Nuri Yigit, et al. "Golden hamsters are nocturnal in captivity but diurnal in nature." Biology Letters 4, no. 3 (2008): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0066.

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Daily activity rhythms are nearly universal among animals and their specific pattern is an adaptation of each species to its ecological niche. Owing to the extremely consistent nocturnal patterns of activity shown by golden hamsters ( Mesocricetus auratus ) in the laboratory, this species is a prime model for studying the mechanisms controlling circadian rhythms. In contrast to laboratory data, we discovered that female hamsters in the wild were almost exclusively diurnal. These results raise many questions about the ecological variables that shape the activity patterns in golden hamsters and

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Klante, Gabriela, Karin Secci, Mireille Masson-Pévet, et al. "Interstrain differences in activity pattern, pineal function, and SCN melatonin receptor density of rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 276, no. 4 (1999): R1078—R1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.4.r1078.

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We investigated the possibility that strain-dependent differences in the diurnal pattern of wheel running activity rhythms are also reflected in the melatonin profiles. The inbred rat strains ACI/Ztm, BH/Ztm, and LEW/Ztm. LEW were examined for diurnal [12:12-h light-dark (LD)] wheel running activity, urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) excretion, melatonin concentrations of plasma and pineal glands, and melatonin receptor density in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). ACI rats displayed unimodal activity patterns with a high level of activity, whereas BH and LEW rats showed multimodal activity

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Cid, Bruno, Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, and Guilherme Mourão. "The relationship between external temperature and daily activity in a large rodent (Dasyprocta azarae) in the Brazilian Pantanal." Journal of Tropical Ecology 31, no. 5 (2015): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467415000309.

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Abstract:Daily activity patterns reflect interactions between circadian mechanisms and environmental stimuli. Among these stimuli, temperature can be an important factor affecting activity budgets. To sample the agouti (Dasyprocta azarae), a systematic camera-trap grid was established with 50 independent sampling sites. A circular kernel function was used to characterize the activity patterns of the agouti population. To evaluate shifts in activity as a function of mean daily temperature, the entire set of records was subdivided into smaller sets covering different temperature ranges. The acti

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Pépin, Dominique, Christophe Abegg, and Cécile Richard. "Diurnal activity patterns within female herds of isard around parturition time." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 3 (1991): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-112.

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We compared diurnal activity patterns of isards (Rupicapra pyrenaica) within female herds around the time of parturition in a Pyrenean reserve. From mid-April to mid-May, i.e., at the end of the gestation period, adult females spent significantly more time foraging (76 vs. 65%) and less time resting than yearlings did. From mid-June to mid-July, after the birth of kids, adult females and yearlings had exactly the same time budget (62% for foraging) and the same activity pattern, with a well-marked resting phase at midday. Analysis of data at 15-min intervals indicated synchronism in activity w

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Ilan, M., and Y. Yom-Tov. "Diel Activity Pattern of a Diurnal Desert Rodent, Psammomys obesus." Journal of Mammalogy 71, no. 1 (1990): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381317.

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Challet, Etienne. "Minireview: Entrainment of the Suprachiasmatic Clockwork in Diurnal and Nocturnal Mammals." Endocrinology 148, no. 12 (2007): 5648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0804.

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Daily rhythmicity, including timing of wakefulness and hormone secretion, is mainly controlled by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. The SCN clockwork involves various clock genes, with specific temporal patterns of expression that are similar in nocturnal and diurnal species (e.g. the clock gene Per1 in the SCN peaks at midday in both categories). Timing of sensitivity to light is roughly similar, during nighttime, in diurnal and nocturnal species. Molecular mechanisms of photic resetting are also comparable in both species categories. By contrast

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Hoekstra, Tiny, Evert Schouten, Cornelis Kluft, and Johanna Geleijnse. "Diurnal Variation in PAI-1 Activity Predominantly Confined to the 4G-allele of the PAI-1 Gene." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 88, no. 11 (2002): 794–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613304.

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SummaryWe examined the diurnal pattern in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1) activity and Plasminogen activator (t-PA) in relation to the 4G/5G-polymorphism in the promoter of the PAI-1 gene. The analyses were performed in the Arnhem Elderly Study, a populationbased study of 598 elderly. A single blood sample was drawn and the time of blood sampling was recorded (between 8 a. m. and 5.30 p. m.). Plasma PAI-1 activity was strongly associated with time of blood sampling, showing the highest values in the early morning. The diurnal pattern was clearly present in the 4G/4G (n = 184) an

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Brännäs, Eva, and Anders Alanärä. "Is diel dualism in feeding activity influenced by competition between individuals?" Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 5 (1997): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-086.

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The feeding activity of eight groups of 15 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) each was recorded using self-feeders combined with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag registrations. The diel pattern for all individuals was established by analysing the PIT-tag registrations. Most trout released the self-feeders during daylight, but in all groups some individuals (1–5) were active mainly during the night. The hypothesis that dualism in diel feeding activity is influenced by competition for food resources between individuals was then tested. In the first round, the diurnally active group memb

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Teklemariam, Mebrat, and Bezawork Afework. "Abundance and diurnal activity patterns of hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus Temminck,) in Addis Ababa abattoirs enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science 44, no. 1 (2021): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v44i1.12.

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Hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) is an African endemic scavenger listed as Critically Endangered species. The population is declining across its range and there is threat of significant decline in population and distribution in Ethiopia. Little efforts have been made to properly document the status of vulture population and their diurnal activity patterns in the country for ensuring long term conservation measures. A study was conducted in Addis Ababa Abattoirs enterprise, Ethiopia from November 2019 to January 2020 to investigate the abundance and diurnal activity patterns of hooded vult

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Zhou, Rui, Richard Sicher, and Bruno Quebedeaux. "Diurnal changes in carbohydrate metabolism in mature apple leaves." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 11 (2001): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp00163.

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Net photosynthesis, individual carbohydrate concentrations, and the activities of some enzymes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis were monitored in mature apple leaves at regular intervals throughout a natural day/night cycle. Sorbitol was the major carbohydrate in mature apple leaves. Its concentration increased gradually after dawn and reached its highest level of 18.0 mg g –1 fresh weight, and then declined to its lowest level of 9.6 mg g–1 at the end of the dark period. Starch also showed a similar diurnal pattern with a lower maximum of 4.6 mg g –1 fresh weight and a minimum of 1.8 mg

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Sandoval-Serés, Elisa, Khiavett Sánchez-Pinzón, and Rafael Reyna-Hurtado. "Waterhole use and diel activity pattern of ocelots in Calakmul rainforest, Mexico." Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 93 (September 30, 2022): e933930. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2022.93.3930.

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We aimed to evaluate the temporal and spatial use of waterholes by ocelots in Calakmul Biosphere Reserve (CBR), Mexico. From 2014 to 2017, we monitored 11 waterholes with camera traps. We compared diel activity patterns with circular statistics depending on waterholes’ level of human intensity and distance to the Calakmul road, seasonality, and sex. We identified 40 different ocelots. Four waterholes were the most important ones, being 2 of them close to the road. Individuals took on average 19 days to return to waterholes. The diel activity of ocelots was 63.67% nocturnal, 20.70% crepuscular

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Deshler, John F., Eric D. Forsman, and James K. Swingle. "DIURNAL ACTIVITY PATTERN OF A PAIR OF BREEDING NORTHERN PYGMY-OWLS." Northwestern Naturalist 100, no. 3 (2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-100.3.176.

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Tulen, Joke H. M., Hugo J. Duivenvoorden, Marieke J. Gieteling, et al. "Effect of Personality Dimensions on the Diurnal Pattern of Motor Activity." Journal of Personality 70, no. 2 (2002): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.05004.

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Glaser, Andrea M., Cruz Reyes-Vázquez, Bertha Prieto-Gómez, Keith Burau, and Nachum Dafny. "Morphine administration and abrupt cessation alter the behavioral diurnal activity pattern." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 101, no. 4 (2012): 544–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2012.02.015.

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DeGregorio, Brett A., Jinelle H. Sperry, Daniel P. Valente, and Patrick J. Weatherhead. "Facultative nocturnal behaviour in snakes: experimental examination of why and how with Ratsnakes (Elaphe obsoleta) and Racers (Coluber constrictor)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 3 (2014): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0255.

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Diel activity patterns are often fixed within species such that most animals can be classified as diurnal, crepuscular, or nocturnal, and have sensory abilities that reflect when they are active. However, many snake species appear capable of switching between diurnal and nocturnal activity. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that some species are constrained in their activity by the sensory cues used for foraging. We experimentally assessed differences between two sympatric snake species in their ability to alter diel activity patterns, to address why those snakes that switch do so (do thermal c

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Bourgoin, G., M. Garel, P. Blanchard, D. Dubray, D. Maillard, and J. M. Gaillard. "Daily responses of mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon ×Ovis sp.) activity to summer climatic conditions." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 9 (2011): 765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-046.

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Investigating the factors shaping the activity of large herbivores is of prime importance because changes in their activity patterns may indicate physiological stress, which can affect reproduction and survival of individuals, and thereby population growth. Although climatic conditions are known to impact the activity patterns of large herbivores, few studies have investigated this relationship at a fine temporal scale. From a continuous monitoring of activity, we assessed the influence of temperature and wind on the summer activity of female mouflon ( Ovis gmelini musimon Pallas, 1811 × Ovis

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Morse, Allen D., James C. Russell, Terry W. M. Hunt, George O. Wood, W. Frank Epling, and W. David Pierce. "Diurnal variation of intensive running in food-deprived rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 10 (1995): 1519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-210.

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Manipulation of the food supply can induce either intense hyperactive wheel running or a fatal activity anorexia in rats that is strongly analogous to that seen in humans. The abnormal behaviour is accompanied by alterations in the diurnal pattern of activity. As part of a detailed study of hyperactivity and anorexia, spontaneous wheel running by male rats was studied under three conditions: ad libitum feeding; restriction to 15 g of food per day; and restriction to a single 90-min meal per day. Ad libitum fed rats increased their running at the rate of 440 ± 60 m/day per day, stabilizing afte

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Baldellou, Maribel, and Ana Adan. "Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in Vervet Monkeys' Activity." Psychological Reports 83, no. 2 (1998): 675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.2.675.

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This paper analyzed seasonal and diurnal differences in feeding, locomotion, inactivity, and social grooming of adult and subadult free-ranging vervet monkeys in Natal (38°35′S and 31°46′E). Breaking down hourly activity budgets from the perspective of reproductive seasons (birth, premating, and mating seasons) which correspond to environmental conditions in Natal, we obtained several results. First, there were diurnal variations for all the behaviours in all seasons studied, except for inactivity during the mating season when days were shorter and there was greater food shortage and sexual co

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Piper, David, and Michael Kunz. "Spatiotemporal variability of lightning activity in Europe and the relation to the North Atlantic Oscillation teleconnection pattern." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 8 (2017): 1319–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-17-1319-2017.

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Abstract. Comprehensive lightning statistics are presented for a large, contiguous domain covering several European countries such as France, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Spatiotemporal variability of convective activity is investigated based on a 14-year time series (2001–2014) of lightning data. Based on the binary variable thunderstorm day, the mean spatial patterns of lightning activity and regional peculiarities regarding seasonality are discussed. Diurnal cycles are compared among several regions and evaluated with respect to major seasonal changes. Further analyses are performed r

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Xie, Haimei, Xiaomei Zheng, Ye Huang, et al. "Diurnal pattern of salivary alpha-amylase and cortisol under citric acid stimulation in young adults." PeerJ 10 (April 12, 2022): e13178. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13178.

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Background Saliva composition has diurnal variations. Citric acid stimulation plays a major role in the change of salivary flow rate and salivary composition. However, diurnal variations and sex differences in salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), pH, salivary flow rate (SFR), and salivary cortisol before and after citric acid stimulation remain unclear. Methods We recruited 30 healthy volunteers, including 15 women (24.7 ± 1.0 years old) and 15 men (25.3 ± 1.3 years old). At four time points (T1, 7:00; T2, 10:00; T3, 16:00; and T4, 20:00), saliva was collected from healthy volunteers before and after

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Kawakami, Shigehisa, Yohei Kumazaki, Yosuke Manda, Kazuhiro Oki, and Shogo Minagi. "Specific Diurnal EMG Activity Pattern Observed in Occlusal Collapse Patients: Relationship between Diurnal Bruxism and Tooth Loss Progression." PLoS ONE 9, no. 7 (2014): e101882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101882.

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Trinh, T. N., S. R. Kohllepel, P. B. Yang, K. D. Burau, and N. Dafny. "Adult female rats' altered diurnal locomotor activity pattern following chronic methylphenidate treatment." Journal of Neural Transmission 120, no. 12 (2013): 1717–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-013-1063-4.

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García-Allegue, R., P. Lax, A. M. Madariaga, and J. A. Madrid. "Locomotor and feeding activity rhythms in a light-entrained diurnal rodent, Octodon degus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 277, no. 2 (1999): R523—R531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.2.r523.

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The wheel running (WR) and feeding activity (FA) of Octodon degus, a new laboratory rodent characterized by its diurnal habits, were recorded under different lighting conditions. Under 12:12-h light-dark (LD 12:12) cycles, WR activity exhibited a crepuscular pattern with two peaks, M and E, associated with “dawn” and “dusk,” respectively. In both cases, an anticipatory activity was patent, suggesting that, beside the masking effect of LD transitions, both peaks have an endogenous origin. This pattern, which was also observed under a skeleton photoperiod (LD 0.5:11.5), became unimodal after LD

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Sivan, S., C. Neidlinger-Wilke, K. Würtz, A. Maroudas, and J. P. G. Urban. "Diurnal fluid expression and activity of intervertebral disc cells." Biorheology: The Official Journal of the International Society of Biorheology 43, no. 3-4 (2006): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0006355x2006043003004012.

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The intervertebral discs are large cartilaginous structures situated between the vertebral bodies, occupying around one third of the length of the spinal column. They act as the joints of the spine and carry mechanical load arising from body weight and muscle activity. Loads change with every alteration of posture and activity and the discs thus undergo a diurnal loading pattern with high loads on the discs during the day's activity and low loads on it at night during rest. As the disc is an osmotic system, around 25% of the disc's fluid is expressed and re-imbibed during each diurnal cycle wi

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Aðalgeirsdóttir, G., A. M. Smith, T. Murray, et al. "Tidal influence on Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica: observations of surface flow and basal processes from closely spaced GPS and passive seismic stations." Journal of Glaciology 54, no. 187 (2008): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214308786570872.

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AbstractHigh-resolution surface velocity measurements and passive seismic observations from Rutford Ice Stream, West Antarctica, 40 km upstream from the grounding line are presented. These measurements indicate a complex relationship between the ocean tides and currents, basal conditions and ice-stream flow. Both the mean basal seismicity and the velocity of the ice stream are modulated by the tides. Seismic activity increases twice during each semi-diurnal tidal cycle. The tidal analysis shows the largest velocity variation is at the fortnightly period, with smaller variations superimposed at

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García-Solís, Fernando, Alfredo H. Zúñiga, Jaime R. Rau, Francisco Encina-Montoya, and Cristóbal Garcés. "Temporal interactions among carnivores in an anthropized landscape of the coastal mountain range in southern Chile." Folia Oecologica 52, no. 1 (2025): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2025-0002.

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Abstract The structuring of carnivore assemblages is based on the partitioning of niche axes, where the activity pattern is relevant for their coexistence. However, the continuous degradation of habitats, and the human presence (and exotic species) limit the availability of resources. Therefore, these species must readjust their requirements to minimize interactions derived from competition. For two years, activity patterns of two native carnivores (the cougar Puma concolor and the chilla fox Lycalopex griseus), one exotic carnivore (the domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris) and people were eva

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Rado, Rony, Uri Shanas, Ido Zuri, and Joseph Terkel. "Seasonal activity in the blind mole rat (Spalax ehrenbergi)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, no. 9 (1993): 1733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z93-245.

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The locomotor activity pattern of the blind mole rat Spalax ehrenbergi was determined in its natural habitat by means of a radiotelemetric device. Twelve adult mole rats were fitted with radiotelemetric transmitters (9 during winter and 3 during summer) and tracked for 5 noncontinuous days during which air and soil temperatures were measured. Mole rats were found to have a diurnal monophasic locomotor activity pattern with activity peaks from 08:00 to 13:00 and from 11:00 to 19:00 during summer and winter, respectively. Activity periods were punctuated by several rest breaks and, conversely, r

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KLIMES–DOUGAN, BONNIE, PAUL D. HASTINGS, DOUGLAS A. GRANGER, BARBARA A. USHER, and CAROLYN ZAHN–WAXLER. "Adrenocortical activity in at-risk and normally developing adolescents: Individual differences in salivary cortisol basal levels, diurnal variation, and responses to social challenges." Development and Psychopathology 13, no. 3 (2001): 695–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579401003157.

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The purpose of this study was to examine adrenocortical activity (basal, diurnal variation, and responses to social stressors) in adolescents at risk for psychopathology. Salivary cortisol levels were examined in normally developing and at-risk youth with internalizing and externalizing symptoms ranging from subclinical to clinical levels. Adolescents showed expected patterns of diurnal variation, with high early morning cortisol levels and a pattern of decline throughout the day. Females showed higher midday and late afternoon levels than males, and these patterns interacted with risk status.

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Selvan, Kangaraj Muthamizh, Bawa Mothilal Krishnakumar, Pasiyappazham Ramasamy, and Thangadurai Thinesh. "Diel activity pattern of meso-carnivores in the suburban tropical dry evergreen forest of the Coromandel Coast, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 8 (2019): 13960–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4850.11.8.13960-13966.

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Sympatric and similar body-sized species exhibit interspecific competition for resources. The present study investigated diel activity of five meso-carnivore species (Canis aureus, Felis chaus, Paradoxurus hermaphroditus, Viverricula indica, and Herpestes edwardsii) in a human-dominated region of Auroville and around Pondicherry University using camera-trap survey data. Diel activity pattern and overlap were estimated using the kernel density method. The Jungle Cat Felis chaus and the Golden Jackal Canis aureus exhibited cathemeral diel activity with a high overlap between them (Δ̂1 = 0.78). T

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Mikkonen, Santtu, Zoltán Németh, Veronika Varga, et al. "Decennial time trends and diurnal patterns of particle number concentrations in a central European city between 2008 and 2018." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 20 (2020): 12247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12247-2020.

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Abstract. Multiple atmospheric properties were measured semi-continuously in the Budapest platform for Aerosol Research and Training laboratory, which represents the urban background for the time interval of 2008–2018. Data of 6 full measurement years during a decennial time interval were subjected to statistical time trend analyses by an advanced dynamic linear model and a generalized linear mixed model. The main interest in the analysed data set was on particle number concentrations in the diameter ranges from 6 to 1000 nm (N6−1000), from 6 to 100 nm (N6−100, ultrafine particles), from 25 to

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Fodhl Algahim, Mohame, Pamela Boi Yang, Keith Dean Burau, Allan Craig Swann, and Nachum Dafny. "Repetitive Ritalin Treatment Modulates the Diurnal Activity Pattern of Young SD Male Rats." Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 10, no. 3 (2010): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871524911006030247.

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Wronski, Torsten. "Habitat preference and diurnal activity pattern in the Sand Partridge,Ammoperdix heyi heyi." Zoology in the Middle East 48, no. 1 (2009): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2009.10638364.

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Cornou, Cécile, and Søren Lundbye-Christensen. "Modeling of sows diurnal activity pattern and detection of parturition using acceleration measurements." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 80 (January 2012): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2011.11.001.

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Ratovsky, K. G., A. V. Medvedev, and M. V. Tolstikov. "Diurnal, seasonal and solar activity pattern of ionospheric variability from Irkutsk Digisonde data." Advances in Space Research 55, no. 8 (2015): 2041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2014.08.001.

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Navarrete, Laura, Blake Grisham, Maria Kalyvaki, et al. "Diurnal activity patterns of Black-Necked Stilts (<em>Himantopus mexicanus</em>) during the non-breeding season in the eastern Caribbean." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 26 (April 18, 2013): 17–21. https://doi.org/10.55431/jco.2013.26.17-21.

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Abstract: Diurnal activity patterns of resident Black-necked Stilts (Himantopus mexicanus) were observed on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands, during October 2010. Stilts were principally engaged in foraging and idle behaviors. The amount of time engaged in particular behaviors was relatively constant throughout the day, except during mid-afternoon when idleness increased and foraging decreased, with a subsequent increase in foraging in the evening. We speculate that the increase in foraging activity was a result of changing prey activity. Keywords: activity pattern, behavior, Black-necked

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Tuf, I. H., P. Dedek, and M. Veselý. "Does the diurnal activity pattern of carabid beetles depend on season, ground temperature and habitat?" Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 2 (2012): 721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1202721t.

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The influence of season, ground temperature and habitat on diurnal epigeic activity of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in floodplain forest and neighboring clear-cut area was studied in late spring and early autumn by pitfall trapping. Among the material collected were 35 species of ground beetles. We recorded a significant influence of daytime factors on epigeic activity in 16 species. The epigeic activity of 13 species was co-affected by the temperature of the soil surface. The activity of some species differed, depending on season and locality.

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