Academic literature on the topic 'Divergent Virus'

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Journal articles on the topic "Divergent Virus"

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Sintasath, D. M., N. D. Wolfe, H. Q. Zheng, et al. "Genetic characterization of the complete genome of a highly divergent simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV) type 3 from a wild Cercopithecus mona monkey." Retrovirology 6, Journal Article (2009): 97–4690. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13535503.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) BACKGROUND: The recent discoveries of novel human T-lymphotropic virus type 3 (HTLV-3) and highly divergent simian T-lymphotropic virus type 3 (STLV-3) subtype D viruses from two different monkey species in southern Cameroon suggest that the diversity and cross-species transmission of these retroviruses are much greater than currently appreciated. RESULTS: We describe here the first full-length sequence of a highly divergent STLV-3d(Cmo8699AB) virus obtained by PCR-based genome walking using DNA from two dried blood spots (DBS) collected from
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Sintasath, D. M., N. D. Wolfe, H. Q. Zheng, et al. "Genetic characterization of the complete genome of a highly divergent simian T-lymphotropic virus (STLV) type 3 from a wild Cercopithecus mona monkey." Retrovirology 6, Journal Article (2009): 97–4690. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13535503.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) BACKGROUND: The recent discoveries of novel human T-lymphotropic virus type 3 (HTLV-3) and highly divergent simian T-lymphotropic virus type 3 (STLV-3) subtype D viruses from two different monkey species in southern Cameroon suggest that the diversity and cross-species transmission of these retroviruses are much greater than currently appreciated. RESULTS: We describe here the first full-length sequence of a highly divergent STLV-3d(Cmo8699AB) virus obtained by PCR-based genome walking using DNA from two dried blood spots (DBS) collected from
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Tong, S., Y. Li, P. Rivailler, et al. "A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats." PNAS 109, no. 11 (2012): 4269–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13527231.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Influenza A virus reservoirs in animals have provided novel genetic elements leading to the emergence of global pandemics in humans. Most influenza A viruses circulate in waterfowl, but those that infect mammalian hosts are thought to pose the greatest risk for zoonotic spread to humans and the generation of pandemic or panzootic viruses. We have identified an influenza A virus from little yellow-shouldered bats captured at two locations in Guatemala. It is significantly divergent from known influenza A viruses. The HA of the bat virus was est
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Tong, S., Y. Li, P. Rivailler, et al. "A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats." PNAS 109, no. 11 (2012): 4269–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13527231.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Influenza A virus reservoirs in animals have provided novel genetic elements leading to the emergence of global pandemics in humans. Most influenza A viruses circulate in waterfowl, but those that infect mammalian hosts are thought to pose the greatest risk for zoonotic spread to humans and the generation of pandemic or panzootic viruses. We have identified an influenza A virus from little yellow-shouldered bats captured at two locations in Guatemala. It is significantly divergent from known influenza A viruses. The HA of the bat virus was est
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Tong, S., Y. Li, P. Rivailler, et al. "A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats." PNAS 109, no. 11 (2012): 4269–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13527231.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Influenza A virus reservoirs in animals have provided novel genetic elements leading to the emergence of global pandemics in humans. Most influenza A viruses circulate in waterfowl, but those that infect mammalian hosts are thought to pose the greatest risk for zoonotic spread to humans and the generation of pandemic or panzootic viruses. We have identified an influenza A virus from little yellow-shouldered bats captured at two locations in Guatemala. It is significantly divergent from known influenza A viruses. The HA of the bat virus was est
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Tong, S., Y. Li, P. Rivailler, et al. "A distinct lineage of influenza A virus from bats." PNAS 109, no. 11 (2012): 4269–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13527231.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Influenza A virus reservoirs in animals have provided novel genetic elements leading to the emergence of global pandemics in humans. Most influenza A viruses circulate in waterfowl, but those that infect mammalian hosts are thought to pose the greatest risk for zoonotic spread to humans and the generation of pandemic or panzootic viruses. We have identified an influenza A virus from little yellow-shouldered bats captured at two locations in Guatemala. It is significantly divergent from known influenza A viruses. The HA of the bat virus was est
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Pritchard, A. E., T. Strom, and H. L. Lipton. "Nucleotide sequence identifies vilyuisk virus as a divergent Theiler's virus." Virology 191, no. 1 (1992): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(92)90212-8.

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Glasa, Miroslav, Katarína Šoltys, Lukáš Predajňa, et al. "High-throughput sequencing of Potato virus M from tomato in Slovakia reveals a divergent variant of the virus." Plant Protection Science 55, No. 3 (2019): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/144/2018-pps.

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High-throughput sequencing (HTS) analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) samples revealed the presence of Potato virus M (PVM) in this crop in Slovakia. Full-length genomes of three PVM isolates were obtained using both HTS and Sanger sequencing validation. While two isolates (T40 and T50) were shown to belong to major Group I, a divergent T20 isolate was phylogenetically unrelated to any known PVM variant, potentially representing a new phylogenetic group. Despite a relatively high intraspecies diversity (17.3 ± 0.3%), no evidence of recombination was detected in the dataset of available co
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Chiramel, Abhilash, Nathan Brady, and Ralf Bartenschlager. "Divergent Roles of Autophagy in Virus Infection." Cells 2, no. 1 (2013): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells2010083.

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Evans, Jennifer S., Daniel L. Horton, Andrew J. Easton, Anthony R. Fooks, and Ashley C. Banyard. "Rabies virus vaccines: Is there a need for a pan-lyssavirus vaccine?" Vaccine 30, no. 52 (2012): 7447–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14819088.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) All members of the lyssavirus genus are capable of causing disease that invariably results in death following the development of clinical symptoms. The recent detection of several novel lyssavirus species across the globe, in different animal species, has demonstrated that the lyssavirus genus contains a greater degree of genetic and antigenic variation than previously suspected. The divergence of species within the genus has led to a differentiation of lyssavirus isolates based on both antigenic and genetic data into two, and potentially a th
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Divergent Virus"

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Wang, Youchon. "Studies of a divergent genotype of hepatitis E virus from Chinese patients." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251592.

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Marzook, Noorul Bishara. "Lights, Camera, Actin: Divergent roles of beta- and gamma-cytoplasmic actin in vaccinia virus infection." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16859.

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Intracellular pathogens require access to host cells for their replication and spread. The host actin cytoskeleton represents a physical barrier to them, although many have evolved ways to circumvent, or hijack, this system to their advantage. Vaccinia virus (VACV) can manipulate the host actin cytoskeleton to facilitate dissemination. It expedites its cellular egress by nucleating actin beneath its particles, creating filamentous actin (F-actin) comets that propel virions across the cell surface. Tagging VACV proteins with fluorescent markers is used to study virus-host interactions, and de
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Ka, Sojeong. "Gene Expression in the Brains of Two Lines of Chicken Divergently Selected for High and Low Body Weight." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl.[distributör], 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108455.

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Books on the topic "Divergent Virus"

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Toksoz, Cheryl. Regional Economic Outlook, April 2021, Middle East and Central Asia. International Monetary Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513576152.086.

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A year into the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the race between vaccine and virus entered a new phase in the Middle East and Central Asia, and the path to recovery in 2021 is expected to be long and divergent. The outlook will vary significantly across countries, depending on the pandemic’s path, vaccine rollouts, underlying fragilities, exposure to tourism and contact-intensive sectors, and policy space and actions. 2021 will be the year of policies that continue saving lives and livelihoods and promote recovery, while balancing the need for debt sustainability and financial resilience. At
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Covey, Herbert C. Understanding American COVID-19 Pandemic Beliefs, Behaviors, Politics, and Society. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978738423.

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In Understanding American COVID-19 Pandemic Beliefs, Behaviors, Politics, and Society, Herbert C. Covey presents an overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted American society. He proposes that the social and political contexts leading up to and during the pandemic fueled differing and sometimes opposing attitudes and behaviors. Some Americans saw COVID-19 as a dangerous threat while others dismissed it as overblown. Covey observes that these divergent views occurred in a vacuum but were influenced by various political, historical, cultural, psychological, and social factors. He argues
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Book chapters on the topic "Divergent Virus"

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Karlekar, Tilottama. "Precarity, Innovation, and Survival in the Indian Film Festival Sector." In Rethinking Film Festivals in the Pandemic Era and After. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14171-3_12.

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AbstractDespite the vast expansion in the film festival sector in India since the early 2000s, most festivals have remained financially precarious. This is true of more mainstream festivals with industry support as well as of myriad activist and “alternative” festivals on the margins. In addition, the country’s Hindu nationalist government has subjected all cultural spaces to increased scrutiny and policing. As the virus affected India and the Indian government enforced a national lockdown, festival organizers had to adapt rapidly. In order to survive, they looked both to global strategies and specific local histories of exhibition and circulation. In this chapter, I map the festival sector in India in the midst of crisis and explore the divergent strategies for survival adopted by festival organizers. I focus closely on the “frontline” strategies implemented by two community-based, activist film festivals that have adopted distinct, yet successful, models for navigating the pandemic. Already adept at negotiating multiple forms of precarity, they connected with new global audiences while redefining ideals of “community.” This chapter explores what these festival experiments tell us about how the festival as medium might change politically, economically, and cinematically, even beyond the pandemic.
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Nyholm, Sven, and Kritika Maheshwari. "Offsetting Present Risks, Preempting Future Harms, and the Ethics of a ‘New Normal’." In Philosophy of Engineering and Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08424-9_8.

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AbstractThe ongoing pandemic has led some people to speak about a ‘new normal’, since we have temporarily had to radically change how we live our lives to protect ourselves and others from the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. That expression – ‘a new normal’ – has been also be used in other contexts, such as in relation to societal disruptions brought about by things like new technologies or climate change. What this general idea of a ‘new normal’ means is unclear and hard to characterise, and there are diverging views about how to respond to a new normal, but one feature of a desirable new normal that most people would agree on is that it should be ‘safer’: safer technologies, safer institutions, and so on. But it is also important to consider what other ethical considerations and principles should be part of an ethics of a new normal. And it is also interesting to explore similarities and differences among different types of cases that can be classified as situations where we face a new normal. In this chapter, we will discuss the general idea of an ethics of a new normal, and consider what ethical distinctions, values, and principles are likely to be relevant in most instances where we face a new normal, including ethical considerations related to risk mitigation and ways of offsetting potential harms.
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Kumar, Ankur, Manju O Pai, Gaurav Badoni, Arpana Singh, Ankit Agrawal, and Balram Ji Omar. "Perspective Chapter: Tracking Trails of SARS CoV-2 - Variants to Therapy." In Infectious Diseases. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106472.

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A virus when replicates itself from one generation to another, tends to change a little bit of its structure. These variations are called mutations. History says that SARS CoV-2 originated from the virus reservoirs of animals, specifically non-human mammals like bats and minks. Since then, there are evolutionary changes in its genome due to recombination in divergent strains of different species. Thus, making the virus more robust and smarter to sustain and evade immune responses in humans. Probably, this has led to the 2019 SARS CoV-2 pandemic. This chapter tracks the evolutionary trails of the virus origin, its pathogenesis in humans, and varying variants with the coming times. Eventually, the chapter overviews the available vaccines and therapies to be followed for SARS CoV-2.
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Goudsmit, Jaap. "HIV-0 and HIV-1: The Chimpanzee Connection." In Viral Sex. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097283.003.0005.

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Abstract We have proposed that the former German colony of Cameroon is the birthplace of HIV-1, the main cause of AIDS around the world. This idea gains strength from the fact that the same area is quite clearly the birthplace of HIV-0. Closely related to HIV-1, this virus is less well known because it has stayed close to home, infecting only a few people in Cameroon and Gabon. Its discovery was published in 1990 by van der Groen and Piot of the Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM) in Antwerp. A year earlier, a nineteen-year-old teacher from Cameroon felt ill while visiting Belgium for a brushup course. Testing at the ITM found she had antibodies to HIV-1. The ITM also tested a sample from March 1987, on file for this teacher, which showed she was positive at that time. The next finding was a big surprise. When isolated, her virus strain (Ant 70) was clearly not HIV-2 but also did not look like HIV-1. If it was an HIV-1 strain, it was the most divergent ever seen. Still, the immune response of the Cameroonian teacher suggested this virus was related to HIV-1.
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Katito, José. "HIV/AIDS Policies and Modernity in Brazil and South Africa: a Comparative Critical Analysis." In African, American and European Trajectories of Modernity. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400404.003.0008.

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This chapter compares HIV/AIDS policies in Brazil and South Africa over the thirty-year history of the epidemic, focusing on the period between the mid-1980s and the early 2000s. The discussion lays emphasis on the largely divergent policy responses of the two states to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The chapter begins with an overview of Brazil and South Africa's HIV/AIDS policies, along with critical factors that explain why, despite being two similar societies, they responded so differently to the epidemic. These factors include the nature and the timing of democratic transition and the relatively stronger Brazilian civil society. The chapter argues that Brazil acted far more aggressively than South Africa against the HIV/AIDS epidemic by implementing comprehensive prevention, treatment and care policies. As a result, the Brazilian government has been able to contain the spread of the virus across its population. In contrast, negligence, denial, delay and fragmentation have considerably exacerbated the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa.
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Chen, Tempe K., Choukri Ben Mamoun, and Peter J. Krause. "Babesiosis." In Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease, edited by Cheston B. Cunha. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0200.

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This chapter describes babesiosis as an emerging zoonotic disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoa of the Apicomplexa phylum and transmitted by hard-bodied ticks. It reviews the first well-documented case of human Babesia infection, reported in 1957 in a splenectomized resident of Yugoslavia. Babesia spp. have been found to cause disease in humans; these include B. microti, B. duncani, and B. divergens-like spp. in North America, and B. divergens, B. microti and B. venatorum in Europe. Normally, humans are an uncommon and terminal host for Babesia spp., which depend on other species for their development and transmission. Ixodes scapularis is the primary vector of B. microti in the northeastern and upper midwestern United States. This tick also transmits Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis; Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia miyonii, etiologic agents of Lyme disease; Borrelia miyamotoi that causes relapsing fever, Powassan virus that causes encephalitis, and Ehrlichiosis muris-like infection.
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de Keulenaar, Emillie, Ivan Kisjes, Rory Smith, Carina Albrecht, and Eleonora Cappuccio. "Twitter as accidental authority." In The Propagation of Misinformation in Social Media. Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720762_ch06.

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This chapter explores Twitter’s moderation of authoritative sources and their audience’s claims concerning COVID-19 treatments, transmission and prevention techniques. It examines how they diverge over time, and how Twitter intervenes in resulting debates via content moderation guidelines and techniques. It argues that as public health organizations and heads of state struggle to maintain consensus among themselves and with their Twitter audiences on these issues Twitter exceptionally steps in as an authority in its own right. It does so by flagging, suspending and deleting contents, including those of authoritative sources that threaten to disrupt a common understanding of the virus and vital health information.
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Brown, Andrew J. Leigh, and Peter Simmonds. "Sequence analysis of virus variability based on the poymerase chain reaction (PCR)." In HIV. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634934.003.0011.

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Abstract During most stages of HIV infection, the viral population contains a large number of closely related variants that have diverged within the indvidual over the course of HIV infection. For example, env sequences of human immunodeficiency virus in lymphocytes of infected individuals may show variability of up to 10% within the same sample (1,2). Under these circumstances, sequence analysis of PCR products amplified from such samples is often unreliable due to ambiguities in the sequencing gel. While there are methods for measuring the relative frequencies of alternative nucleotides at these polymorphic sites (see section 3), this does not distinguish the linkage relationships of the variant nucleotides so it is impossible reliably to reconstruct the constituent sequences.
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Grahn, A. Marika, Sarah J. Butcher, Jaana K. H. Bamford,, and Dennis H. Bamford. "PRD1: Dissecting the Genome, Structure, and Entry." In The Bacteriophages. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148503.003.0013.

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Abstract There are six extremely similar phage isolates, from different parts of the world, that all infect Gramnegative bacteria harboring a conjugative plasmid. One of these viruses is PRD1. Viruses with this morphology (protein capsid surrounding a membrane vesicle containing the linear double-stranded DNA genome) also infect Grampositive hosts. These viruses have been classified together forming the Tectiviridae family (2). There have been two characteristics that have drawn considerable interest to these viruses. Firstly, the linear, DNA genome has inverted terminal repeats, a covalently bound terminal protein at the50 ends, and replicates by a protein-primed, sliding-back mechanism. Secondly, due to their membranes, these viruses are considered to be relatively simple model systems for the study of membrane biogenesis, structure, and assembly in a well-characterized Escherichia coli background. As knowledge of the PRD1 structure accumulates, a third line of interest is building up. It appears that the replication mechanism, capsid architecture, major coat protein fold, and vertex structure strongly resemble those of human adenovirus (9, 11, 13, 19, 55). This has led to a proposal that these two viruses belong to the same lineage originating from a common ancestor that precedes the division of the bacterial and eukaryotic domains of life (12). This would mean that viruses are old, maybe older than the divergence of cellular life into three domains. It also appears that there are other viruses, infecting gram-positive bacteria, lower eukaryotes, and maybe archaea that are candidates for this adeno-PRD1 virus lineage. Using this structure-based comparison it has been possible to propose additional viral lineages that have members infecting hosts from different domains of life (4, 12). It should be noted that sequence comparison does not allow the identification of these functional and structural similarities due to the long evolutionary time span involved.
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Conference papers on the topic "Divergent Virus"

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Nakano, Bruno Eiji, Gabriel Flamarin Cavasana, Paula Carolina Grande Nakazato, et al. "Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis: case report." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.784.

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Case presentation: A 44-year-old male, retired, schizophrenic, living in an urban area, with a recent history of hospitalization due to hypokalemia, was admitted to the emergency due to paresis in lower limbs for three days associated to dysarthria and somnolence. He was confused, presenting nuchal rigidity, divergent strabismus to the left and hypoesthesia in the right lower limb. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed acute periventricular ischemic events, semi-oval centers, mesencephalon and pons; human immunodeficiency virus negative (2 samples); cerebrospinal fluid (CFS): pleocyto
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Shi, Yunfeng, Xiaohan Shi, Junhui Ba, et al. "Late Breaking Abstract - Aggravated pathology in MRSA pneumonia secondary to Influenza A virus infection diverged from decreased expression of IL-1ß." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2003.

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Reports on the topic "Divergent Virus"

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Perk, Shimon, Maricarmen Garcia, Alexander Panshin, et al. Avian Influenza Virus H9N2: Characterization and Control Strategies. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7709882.bard.

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Control of Avian Influenza (AI) infection is a highly topical subject of major economicimportance for the worldwide poultry industry at the national level and for international trade.H9N2 viruses are endemic in poultry throughout Asia and the Middle East, causing major losses inproduction. Moreover, these viruses pose wider threats since they have been isolated from bothswine and humans. At the same time, study of the AI viruses affords an opportunity to explore anumber of problems of intriguing scientific interest. The overall goal of this project was to developa sound control strategy for av
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Zchori-Fein, Einat, Judith K. Brown, and Nurit Katzir. Biocomplexity and Selective modulation of whitefly symbiotic composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591733.bard.

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Whiteflies are sap-sucking insects that harbor obligatory symbiotic bacteria to fulfill their dietary needs, as well as a facultative microbial community with diverse bacterial species. The sweetpotato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) is a severe agricultural pest in many parts of the world. This speciesconsists of several biotypes that have been distinguished largely on the basis of biochemical or molecular diagnostics, but whose biological significance is still unclear. The original objectives of the project were (i) to identify the specific complement of prokaryotic endosymbionts associa
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David, Lior, Yaniv Palti, Moshe Kotler, Gideon Hulata, and Eric M. Hallerman. Genetic Basis of Cyprinid Herpes Virus-3 Resistance in Common Carp. United States Department of Agriculture, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592645.bard.

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The goal of this project was to provide scientific and technical basis for initiating the development of breeding protocols using marker assisted selection for viral disease resistance in common carp. The specific objectives were: 1) Establishing families and characterizing the phenotypic and genetic variation of viral resistance; 2) Measuring the dynamics of immune response and developing a method to measure the long term immune memory; 3) Developing markers and generating a new genetic linkage map, which will enable initial QTL mapping; and, 4) Identifying genetic linkage of markers and cand
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