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Journal articles on the topic 'Diverse and dynamic environments'
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Pavlopoulou, Niki. "Dynamic Diverse Summarisation in Heterogeneous Graph Streams: a Comparison between Thesaurus/Ontology-based and Embeddings-based Approaches." International Journal of Graph Computing 1, no. 1 (2020): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35708/gc1868-126724.
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Nowadays, there is a lot of attention drawn in smart environments, like Smart Cities and Internet of Things. These environments generate data streams that could be represented as graphs, which can be analysed in real-time to satisfy user or application needs. The challenges involved in these environments, ranging from the dynamism, heterogeneity, continuity, and high-volume of these real-world graph streams create new requirements for graph processing algorithms. We propose a dynamic graph stream summarisation system with the use of embeddings that provides expressive graphs while ensuring high usability and limited resource usage. In this paper, we examine the performance comparison between our embeddings-based approach and an existing thesaurus/ontology-based approach (FACES) that we adapted in a dynamic environment with the use of windows and data fusion. Both approaches use conceptual clustering and top-k scoring that can result in expressive, dynamic graph summaries with limited resources. Evaluations show that sending top-k fused diverse summaries, results in 34% to 92% reduction of forwarded messages and redundancy-awareness with an F-score ranging from 0.80 to 0.95 depending on the k compared to sending all the available information without top-k scoring. Also, the summaries' quality follows the agreement of ideal summaries determined by human judges. The summarisation approaches come with the expense of reduced system performance. The thesaurus/ontology-based approach proved 6 times more latency-heavy and 3 times more memory-heavy compared to the most expensive embeddings-based approach while having lower throughput but provided slightly better quality summaries.
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Yang, Shuo, Xinjun Mao, Sen Yang, and Zhe Liu. "Towards a hybrid software architecture and multi-agent approach for autonomous robot software." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 14, no. 4 (2017): 172988141771608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881417716088.
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To support robust plan execution of autonomous robots in dynamic environments, autonomous robot software should include adaptive and reactive capabilities to cope with the dynamics and uncertainties of the evolving states of real-world environments. However, conventional software architectures such as sense-model-plan-act and behaviour-based paradigms are inadequate for meeting the requirements. A lack of sensing during acting in the sense-model-plan-act paradigm makes the software slow to react to run-time contingencies, whereas the behaviour-based architectures typically fall short in planning of long-range steps and making optimized plan adaptations. This article proposes a hybrid software architecture that maintains both adaptivity and reactivity of robot behaviours in dynamic environments. To implement this architecture, we further present the multi-agent development framework known as AutoRobot, which views the robot software as a multi-agent system in which diverse agent roles collaborate to achieve software functionalities. To demonstrate the applicability and validity of our concrete framework and software architecture, we conduct an experiment to implement a typical case, for example, a robot that autonomously picks up and drops off dishes for remote guests, which requires the robot to plan and navigate in a highly dynamic environment and can adapt its behaviours to unexpected situations.
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Ambeth Kumar, V. D., S. Malathi, Abhishek Kumar, Prakash M, and Kalyana C. Veluvolu. "Active Volume Control in Smart Phones Based on User Activity and Ambient Noise." Sensors 20, no. 15 (2020): 4117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20154117.
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To communicate efficiently with a prospective user, auditory interfaces are employed in mobile communication devices. Diverse sounds in different volumes are used to alert the user in various devices such as mobile phones, modern laptops and domestic appliances. These alert noises behave erroneously in dynamic noise environments, leading to major annoyances to the user. In noisy environments, as sounds can be played quietly, this leads to the improper masked rendering of the necessary information. To overcome these issues, a multi-model sensing technique is developed as a smartphone application to achieve automatic volume control in a smart phone. Based on the ambient environment, the volume is automatically controlled such that it is maintained at an appropriate level for the user. By identifying the average noise level of the ambient environment from dynamic microphone and together with the activity recognition data obtained from the inertial sensors, the automatic volume control is achieved. Experiments are conducted with five different mobile devices at various noise-level environments and different user activity states. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed application for active volume control in dynamic environments.
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Jeong, Jinyong, Younggun Cho, Young-Sik Shin, Hyunchul Roh, and Ayoung Kim. "Complex urban dataset with multi-level sensors from highly diverse urban environments." International Journal of Robotics Research 38, no. 6 (2019): 642–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364919843996.
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The high diversity of urban environments, at both the inter and intra levels, poses challenges for robotics research. Such challenges include discrepancies in urban features between cities and the deterioration of sensor measurements within a city. With such diversity in consideration, this paper aims to provide Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and image data acquired in complex urban environments. In contrast to existing datasets, the presented dataset encapsulates various complex urban features and addresses the major issues of complex urban areas, such as unreliable and sporadic Global Positioning System (GPS) data, multi-lane roads, complex building structures, and the abundance of highly dynamic objects. This paper provides two types of LiDAR sensor data (2D and 3D) as well as navigation sensor data with commercial-level accuracy and high-level accuracy. In addition, two levels of sensor data are provided for the purpose of assisting in the complete validation of algorithms using consumer-grade sensors. A forward-facing stereo camera was utilized to capture visual images of the environment and the position information of the vehicle that was estimated through simultaneous localization mapping (SLAM) are offered as a baseline. This paper presents 3D map data generated by the SLAM algorithm in the LASer (LAS) format for a wide array of research purposes, and a file player and a data viewer have been made available via the Github webpage to allow researchers to conveniently utilize the data in a Robot Operating System (ROS) environment. The provided file player is capable of sequentially publishing large quantities of data, similar to the rosbag player. The dataset in its entirety can be found at http://irap.kaist.ac.kr/dataset .
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Sachdeva, Vedant, Kabir Husain, Jiming Sheng, Shenshen Wang, and Arvind Murugan. "Tuning environmental timescales to evolve and maintain generalists." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 23 (2020): 12693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914586117.
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Natural environments can present diverse challenges, but some genotypes remain fit across many environments. Such “generalists” can be hard to evolve, outcompeted by specialists fitter in any particular environment. Here, inspired by the search for broadly neutralizing antibodies during B cell affinity maturation, we demonstrate that environmental changes on an intermediate timescale can reliably evolve generalists, even when faster or slower environmental changes are unable to do so. We find that changing environments on timescales comparable with evolutionary transients in a population enhance the rate of evolving generalists from specialists, without enhancing the reverse process. The yield of generalists is further increased in more complex dynamic environments, such as a “chirp” of increasing frequency. Our work offers design principles for how nonequilibrium fitness “seascapes” can dynamically funnel populations to genotypes unobtainable in static environments.
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Carlson, Hans, Adam Deutschbauer, and John Coates. "Microbial metal resistance and metabolism across dynamic landscapes: high-throughput environmental microbiology." F1000Research 6 (June 29, 2017): 1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.10986.1.
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Multidimensional gradients of inorganic compounds influence microbial activity in diverse pristine and anthropogenically perturbed environments. Here, we suggest that high-throughput cultivation and genetics can be systematically applied to generate quantitative models linking gene function, microbial community activity, and geochemical parameters. Metal resistance determinants represent a uniquely universal set of parameters around which to study and evaluate microbial fitness because they represent a record of the environment in which all microbial life evolved. By cultivating microbial isolates and enrichments in laboratory gradients of inorganic ions, we can generate quantitative predictions of limits on microbial range in the environment, obtain more accurate gene annotations, and identify useful strategies for predicting and engineering the trajectory of natural ecosystems.
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Choi, Dojin, Hyeonwook Jeon, Jongtae Lim, Kyoungsoo Bok, and Jaesoo Yoo. "Dynamic Task Scheduling Scheme for Processing Real-Time Stream Data in Storm Environments." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (2021): 7942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177942.
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Owing to the recent advancements in Internet of Things technology, social media, and mobile devices, real-time stream balancing processing systems are commonly used to process vast amounts of data generated in various media. In this paper, we propose a dynamic task scheduling scheme considering task deadlines and node resources. The proposed scheme performs dynamic scheduling using a heterogeneous cluster consisting of various nodes with different performances. Additionally, the loads of the nodes considering the task deadlines are balanced by different task scheduling based on three defined load types. Based on diverse performance evaluations it is shown that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional schemes.
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Gardner, Wayne S., Peter J. Lavrentyev, Harvey A. Bootsma, Joann F. Cavaletto, Federico Troncone, and James B. Cotner. "Effects of natural light on nitrogen dynamics in diverse aquatic environments." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 27, no. 1 (2000): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11901204.
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Li, Xin, Tingting Guo, Qi Mu, Xianran Li, and Jianming Yu. "Genomic and environmental determinants and their interplay underlying phenotypic plasticity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 26 (2018): 6679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718326115.
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Observed phenotypic variation in living organisms is shaped by genomes, environment, and their interactions. Flowering time under natural conditions can showcase the diverse outcome of the gene–environment interplay. However, identifying hidden patterns and specific factors underlying phenotypic plasticity under natural field conditions remains challenging. With a genetic population showing dynamic changes in flowering time, here we show that the integrated analyses of genomic responses to diverse environments is powerful to reveal the underlying genetic architecture. Specifically, the effect continuum of individual genes (Ma1,Ma6,FT, andELF3) was found to vary in size and in direction along an environmental gradient that was quantified by photothermal time, a combination of two environmental factors (photoperiod and temperature). Gene–gene interaction was also contributing to the observed phenotypic plasticity. With the identified environmental index to quantitatively connect environments, a systematic genome-wide performance prediction framework was established through either genotype-specific reaction-norm parameters or genome-wide marker-effect continua. These parallel genome-wide approaches were demonstrated for in-season and on-target performance prediction by simultaneously exploiting genomics, environment profiling, and performance information. Improved understanding of mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity enables a concerted exploration that turns challenge into opportunity.
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Littlefield, Zakary, David Surovik, Massimo Vespignani, Jonathan Bruce, Weifu Wang, and Kostas E. Bekris. "Kinodynamic planning for spherical tensegrity locomotion with effective gait primitives." International Journal of Robotics Research 38, no. 12-13 (2019): 1442–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364919847763.
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Tensegrity-based robots can achieve locomotion through shape deformation and compliance. They are highly adaptable to their surroundings, and are lightweight, low cost, and physically robust. Their high dimensionality and strongly dynamic nature, however, can complicate motion planning. Efforts to date have primarily considered quasi-static reconfiguration and short-term dynamic motion of tensegrity robots, which do not fully exploit the underlying system dynamics in the long term. Longer-horizon planning has previously required costly search over the full space of valid control inputs. This work synthesizes new and existing approaches to produce dynamic long-term motion while balancing the computational demand. A numerical process based upon quasi-static assumptions is first applied to deform the system into an unstable configuration, causing forward motion. The dynamical characteristics of the result are then altered via a few simple parameters to produce a small but diverse set of useful behaviors. The proposed approach takes advantage of identified symmetries on the prototypical spherical tensegrity robot, which reduce the number of needed gaits but allow motion along different directions. These gaits are first combined with a standard search method to achieve long-term planning in environments where the developed gaits are effective. For more complex environments, the various motion primitives are paired with the fall-back option of random valid actions and are used by an informed sampling-based kinodynamic motion planner with anytime properties. Evaluations using a physics-based model for the prototypical robot demonstrate that modest but efficiently applied search effort can unlock the utility of dynamic tensegrity motion to produce high-quality solutions.
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Hargreaves, K. R., H. V. Colvin, K. V. Patel, J. J. P. Clokie, and M. R. J. Clokie. "Genetically Diverse Clostridium difficile Strains Harboring Abundant Prophages in an Estuarine Environment." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 20 (2013): 6236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01849-13.
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ABSTRACTClostridium difficileis the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease in health care settings across the world. Despite its pathogenic capacity, it can be carried asymptomatically and has been found in terrestrial and marine ecosystems outside hospital environments. Little is known about these environmental strains, and few studies have been conducted on estuarine systems. Although prophage abundance and diversity are known to occur within clinical strains, prophage carriage within environmental strains ofC. difficilehas not previously been explored. In this study, we isolatedC. difficilefrom sites sampled in two consecutive years in an English estuarine system. Isolates were characterized by PCR ribotype, antibiotic resistance, and motility. The prevalence and diversity of prophages were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a phage-specific PCR assay. We show that a dynamic and diverse population ofC. difficileexists within these sediments and that it includes isolates of ribotypes which are associated with severe clinical infections and those which are more frequently isolated from outside the hospital environment. Prophage carriage was found to be high (75%), demonstrating that phages play a role in the biology of these strains.
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Guldimann, Claudia, Kathryn J. Boor, Martin Wiedmann, and Veronica Guariglia-Oropeza. "Resilience in the Face of Uncertainty: Sigma Factor B Fine-Tunes Gene Expression To Support Homeostasis in Gram-Positive Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 15 (2016): 4456–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00714-16.
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ABSTRACTGram-positive bacteria are ubiquitous and diverse microorganisms that can survive and sometimes even thrive in continuously changing environments. The key to such resilience is the ability of members of a population to respond and adjust to dynamic conditions in the environment. In bacteria, such responses and adjustments are mediated, at least in part, through appropriate changes in the bacterial transcriptome in response to the conditions encountered. Resilience is important for bacterial survival in diverse, complex, and rapidly changing environments and requires coordinated networks that integrate individual, mechanistic responses to environmental cues to enable overall metabolic homeostasis. In many Gram-positive bacteria, a key transcriptional regulator of the response to changing environmental conditions is the alternative sigma factor σB. σBhas been characterized in a subset of Gram-positive bacteria, including the generaBacillus,Listeria, andStaphylococcus. Recent insight from next-generation-sequencing results indicates that σB-dependent regulation of gene expression contributes to resilience, i.e., the coordination of complex networks responsive to environmental changes. This review explores contributions of σBto resilience inBacillus,Listeria, andStaphylococcusand illustrates recently described regulatory functions of σB.
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Zhang, Yaozhong, Wencheng Feng, Guoqing Shi, Frank Jiang, Morshed Chowdhury, and Sai Ho Ling. "UAV Swarm Mission Planning in Dynamic Environment Using Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm." Sensors 20, no. 8 (2020): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082307.
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To solve the real-time complex mission-planning problem for Multiple heterogeneous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the dynamic environments, this paper addresses a new approach by effectively adapting the Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithms (CBBA) under the constraints of task timing, limited UAV resources, diverse types of tasks, dynamic addition of tasks, and real-time requirements. We introduce the dynamic task generation mechanism, which satisfied the task timing constraints. The tasks that require the cooperation of multiple UAVs are simplified into multiple sub-tasks to perform by a single UAV independently. We also introduce the asynchronous task allocation mechanism. This mechanism reduces the computational complexity of the algorithm and the communication time between UAVs. The partial task redistribution mechanism has been adopted for achieving the dynamic task allocation. The real-time performance of the algorithm is assured on the premise of optimal results. The feasibility and real-time performance of the algorithm are validated by conducting dynamic simulation experiments.
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Snowdon, David N., and Adrian J. West. "AVIARY:Design Issues for Future Large-Scale Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 3, no. 4 (1994): 288–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1994.3.4.288.
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VR is already evolving away from single user small-scale demonstrators, and inexorably toward sophisticated environments in which many geographically distributed users can perform a diverse range of activities. There will therefore be a pressure to make such environments increasingly general purpose and dynamic in their support of applications, paralleling perhaps the historical evolution of conventional operating systems. It is from speculations about the nature of such a future large-scale VR system that the AVIARY project has developed. AVIARY provides multiple worlds, each with its own set of laws, that may be tailored to suit particular application domains. The overall structure enables a coherent relationship between worlds to be maintained, which is important both for purposes of code reuse, and to aid users in navigating the system. A prototype implementation exists that addresses underlying implementation issues in the AVIARY model, and, in particular, distribution across heterogeneous processor networks, dynamic management of objects and message types within the system, the separation of graphics processing, and the management of spatial extent. Implementations of the prototype have been tested on a Transputer array, and a heterogeneous network of Sun and Silicon Graphics workstations. The system is currently being ported to a 2.4-Gflop KSR-1 parallel supercomputer. This paper reviews approaches to distributed, multi-application VR systems, presents pertinent elements of the AVIARY design, and describes the prototype implementation with particular attention given to the issues of distribution.
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Li, Lei, Jiangbo Fan, Ningning Liu, Shuang Gong, and Daming Yang. "Effect of Acid and Alkaline Environment on Dynamic Strength and Porosity Characteristics of Bursting Liability Coal." Shock and Vibration 2021 (August 16, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8461204.
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In order to investigate the influence of acid and alkaline environment on dynamic strength and porosity characteristics of bursting liability coal, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used to compare the microstructures of coal with different bursting liabilities. A split Hopkinson bar (SHPB) was used to test the dynamic compressive strength and tensile strength of coal samples with different bursting liabilities. The results show that the surface micromorphology and structure characteristics of coal samples with different bursting liabilities are representatives, which can be used as an auxiliary basis to determine the bursting liability of coal seam. The microstructure of coal with strong bursting liability is characterized by mylonitic, fragmentary, and brecciated structure, and the microstructure is diverse and complex. However, the microstructure of no bursting liability coal is single and uniform. Coal with strong bursting liability shows tensile, compressive, and shear cracks produced by tectonic action, and the distribution of cracks is complicated. The development of fissures is greatly affected by the degree of coal metamorphism, organic components, minerals, and other factors. Under acidic and alkaline environments, the decrease amplitude of tensile strength of coal is obviously larger than that in neutral solution, which indicates that under the action of acid-based solution soaking, the easily soluble minerals in coal react with hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions in solution obviously. Porosity increment in acidic environment is much larger than that in alkaline and neutral environments. The strong bursting liability coal is more sensitive to acidic environment, while the no bursting liability coal is more sensitive to alkaline environment.
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Chodkowski, John L., and Ashley Shade. "Exometabolite Dynamics over Stationary Phase Reveal Strain-Specific Responses." mSystems 5, no. 6 (2020): e00493-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00493-20.
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ABSTRACTMicrobial exponential growth is expected to occur infrequently in environments that have long periods of nutrient starvation punctuated by short periods of high nutrient flux. These conditions likely impose nongrowth states for microbes. However, nongrowth states are uncharacterized for the majority of environmental bacteria, especially in regard to exometabolite production. We compared exometabolites produced over stationary phase across three environmental bacteria: Burkholderia thailandensis E264 (ATCC 700388), Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 31532, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (ATCC BAA-871). We grew each strain in monoculture and investigated exometabolite dynamics from mid-exponential to stationary phases. We focused on exometabolites that were released into the medium and accumulated over 45 h, including approximately 20 h of stationary phase. We also analyzed transcripts (transcriptome sequencing [RNA-seq]) to interpret exometabolite output. We found that the majority of exometabolites released were strain specific, with a subset of identified exometabolites involved in both central and secondary metabolism. Transcript analysis supported that exometabolites were released from intact cells, as various transporters had either increased or consistent transcripts through time. Interestingly, we found that succinate was one of the most abundant identifiable exometabolites for all strains and that each strain rerouted their metabolic pathways involved in succinate production during stationary phase. These results show that nongrowth states can be metabolically dynamic and that environmental bacteria can enrich a minimal environment with diverse chemical compounds as a consequence of growth and postgrowth maintenance in stationary phase. This work provides insights into microbial community interactions via exometabolites under conditions of growth cessation or limitation.IMPORTANCE Nongrowth states are common for bacteria that live in environments that are densely populated and predominantly nutrient exhausted, and yet these states remain largely uncharacterized in cellular metabolism and metabolite output. Here, we investigated and compared stationary-phase exometabolites and RNA transcripts for each of three environmental bacterial strains. We observed that diverse exometabolites were produced and provide evidence that these exometabolites accumulate over time through release by intact cells. Additionally, each bacterial strain had a characteristic exometabolite profile and exhibited dynamics in exometabolite composition. This work affirms that stationary phase is metabolically dynamic, with each strain tested creating a unique chemical signature in the extracellular space and altering metabolism in stationary phase. These findings set the stage for understanding how bacterial populations can support surrounding neighbors in environments with prolonged nutrient exhaustion through exometabolite-mediated interspecies interactions.
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Agarwal, Priti, and Ronen Zaidel-Bar. "Diverse roles of non-muscle myosin II contractility in 3D cell migration." Essays in Biochemistry 63, no. 5 (2019): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20190026.
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Abstract All is flux, nothing stays still. Heraclitus of Ephesus’ characterization of the universe holds true for cells within animals and for proteins within cells. In this review, we examine the dynamics of actin and non-muscle myosin II within cells, and how their dynamics power the movement of cells within tissues. The 3D environment that migrating cells encounter along their path also changes over time, and cells can adopt various mechanisms of motility, depending on the topography, mechanics and chemical composition of their surroundings. We describe the differential spatio-temporal regulation of actin and myosin II-mediated contractility in mesenchymal, lobopodial, amoeboid, and swimming modes of cell migration. After briefly reviewing the biochemistry of myosin II, we discuss the role actomyosin contractility plays in the switch between modes of 3D migration that cells use to adapt to changing environments.
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Zavala, Alicia M., Gary E. Day, David Plummer, and Anita Bamford-Wade. "Decision-making under pressure: medical errors in uncertain and dynamic environments." Australian Health Review 42, no. 4 (2018): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16088.
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Objective This paper provides a narrative overview of the literature concerning clinical decision-making processes when staff come under pressure, particularly in uncertain, dynamic and emergency situations. Methods Studies between 1980 and 2015 were analysed using a six-phase thematic analysis framework to achieve an in-depth understanding of the complex origins of medical errors that occur when people and systems are under pressure and how work pressure affects clinical performance and patient outcomes. Literature searches were conducted using a Summons Search Service platform; search criteria included a variety of methodologies, resulting in the identification of 95 papers relevant to the present review. Results Six themes emerged in the present narrative review using thematic analysis: organisational systems, workload, time pressure, teamwork, individual human factors and case complexity. This analysis highlights that clinical outcomes in emergency situations are the result of a variety of interconnecting factors. These factors may affect the ability of clinical staff in emergency situations to provide quality, safe care in a timely manner. Conclusions The challenge for researchers is to build the body of knowledge concerning the safe management of patients, particularly where clinicians are working under pressure. This understanding is important for developing pathways that optimise clinical decision making in uncertain and dynamic environments. What is known about the topic? Emergency departments (EDs) are characterised by high complexity, high throughput and greater uncertainty compared with routine hospital wards or out-patient situations, and the ED is therefore prone to unpredictable workflows and non-replicable conditions when presented with unique and complex cases. What does this paper add? Clinical decision making can be affected by pressures with complex origins, including organisational systems, workload, time constraints, teamwork, human factors and case complexity. Interactions between these factors at different levels of the decision-making process can increase the complexity of problems and the resulting decisions to be made. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings of the present study provide further evidence that consideration of medical errors should be seen primarily from a ‘whole-of-system’ perspective rather than as being primarily the responsibility of individuals. Although there are strategies in place in healthcare organisations to eliminate errors, they still occur. In order to achieve a better understanding of medical errors in clinical practice in times of uncertainty, it is necessary to identify how diverse pressures can affect clinical decisions, and how these interact to influence clinical outcomes.
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Steiner, Christopher F., Richard D. Stockwell, Monica Tadros, Laith Shaman, Komal Patel, and Laila Khraizat. "Impacts of dispersal on rapid adaptation and dynamic stability of Daphnia in fluctuating environments." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1826 (2016): 20152426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2426.
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Prior ecological research has shown that spatial processes can enhance the temporal stability of populations in fluctuating environments. Less explored is the effect of dispersal on rapid adaptation and its concomitant impact on population dynamics. For asexually reproducing populations, theory predicts that dispersal in fluctuating environments can facilitate asynchrony among clones and enhance stability by reducing temporal variability of total population abundance. This effect is predicted when clones exhibit heritable variation in environmental optima and when fluctuations occur asynchronously among patches. We tested this in the field using artificial ponds and metapopulations composed of a diverse assemblage of Daphnia pulex clones. We directly manipulated dispersal presence/absence and environmental fluctuations in the form of nutrient pulses. Consistent with predictions, dispersal enhanced temporal asynchrony among clones in the presence of nutrient pulses; this in turn stabilized population dynamics. This effect only emerged when patches experienced spatially asynchronous nutrient pulses (dispersal had no effect when patches were synchronously pulsed). Clonal asynchrony was driven by strong positive selection for a single clone that exhibited a performance advantage under conditions of low resource availability. Our work highlights the importance of dispersal as a driver of eco-evolutionary dynamics and population stability in variable environments.
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Chardac, Amélie, Suraj Shankar, M. Cristina Marchetti, and Denis Bartolo. "Emergence of dynamic vortex glasses in disordered polar active fluids." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 10 (2021): e2018218118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018218118.
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In equilibrium, disorder conspires with topological defects to redefine the ordered states of matter in systems as diverse as crystals, superconductors, and liquid crystals. Far from equilibrium, however, the consequences of quenched disorder on active condensed matter remain virtually uncharted. Here, we reveal a state of strongly disordered active matter with no counterparts in equilibrium: a dynamical vortex glass. Combining microfluidic experiments and theory, we show how colloidal flocks collectively cruise through disordered environments without relaxing the topological singularities of their flows. The resulting state is highly dynamical but the flow patterns, shaped by a finite density of frozen vortices, are stationary and exponentially degenerated. Quenched isotropic disorder acts as a random gauge field turning active liquids into dynamical vortex glasses. We argue that this robust mechanism should shape the collective dynamics of a broad class of disordered active matter, from synthetic active nematics to collections of living cells exploring heterogeneous media.
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Zhang, Yunhao, Jun Zhu, Weilian Li, et al. "Adaptive Construction of the Virtual Debris Flow Disaster Environments Driven by Multilevel Visualization Task." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 5 (2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050209.
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The construction of a virtual debris flow disaster environment is of great significance in debris flow disaster prevention, risk assessment, accurate simulation, and disaster emergency response. However, existing research on virtual disaster environments mainly focus on the specific visualization task requirements of single-type users, and the multilevel visualization task requirements of multitype users are generally not met. In this paper, an adaptive construction method for virtual debris flow disaster environments driven by multilevel visualization task is proposed based on the characteristics of users with different professional knowledge backgrounds and requirements in disaster emergency response scenarios. The on-demand construction of virtual debris flow disaster environments and the corresponding diverse organization and dynamic scheduling technologies are discussed in detail. Finally, the Qipan Gully debris flow disaster is selected for experimental analysis, and a prototype system is developed. The experimental results show that the proposed method can adaptively construct virtual debris flow disaster environments according to the multilevel visualization task requirements of multitype users in debris flow disaster emergency response scenarios. This approach can provide efficient rendering of disaster scenes and appropriate disaster information to multitype users who are involved in debris flow disaster emergency response scenarios.
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Orasanu, Judith, and Daniel Serfaty. "Distributed Team Decision Making: Understanding the Whole as well as the Parts." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 40, no. 4 (1996): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129604000402.
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This panel will address issues relating to the nature of distributed team decision making in complex dynamic environments. Panelists will address several issues: what is meant by distributed decision making, how it differs from individual decision making, methods used to study distributed decision making, problems observed in developing shared models of the problem, methods for integrating diverse perspectives, goals, and knowledge sources, and techniques to enhance decision making by distributed teams.
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Federkeil, Sandra L., Tara L. Winstone, Glen Jickling, and Raymond J. Turner. "Examination of EmrE conformational differences in various membrane mimetic environments." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 81, no. 2 (2003): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o03-031.
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Ethidium multidrug resistance protein (EmrE) is a member of the small multidrug resistance family of proteins and is responsible for resistance in Escherichia coli to a diverse group of lipophilic cations. Research is beginning to elucidate structural information as well as substrate binding and extrusion mechanisms for this protein. However, the choice of membrane mimetic environment to perform structural studies needs to be made. In this study EmrE was solubilized in different membrane mimetic environments to investigate the influence of environment on the structure and dynamics of the protein by comparing the fluorescence properties of emission maxima, peak shifts, relative intensities, acrylamide quenching constants, and polarization. Taken together, the different fluorescence observations on EmrE in the various membrane mimetic systems tested suggest that the tryptophan residues in EmrE are present in the most flexible and exposed state when solubilized in methanol, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. The two detergents N-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DM) and polyoxyethylene(8)dodecyl ether, for the most part, only display subtle differences between the spectral properties with DM best representing the lipid environment. The conformation of EmrE is clearly more open and dynamic in detergent relative to being reconstituted in small unilamellar vesicles. The fluorescence observations of EmrE solubilized in trifluoroethanol shows an environment that is similar to that of EmrE solubilized in detergents. Additionally, secondary structure was monitored by circular dichroism (CD). The CD spectra were similar among the different solubilizing conditions, suggesting little difference in α-helical content. This work establishes groundwork for the choice of solubilizing conditions for future structural, folding, and ligand binding studies.Key words: SMR, EmrE, tryptophan fluorescence, membrane proteins, detergent solubilization, membrane mimetic.
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Thakur, Vidisha, Girish Chandra Pandey, and Jagadish Rane. "Stem carbohydrate dynamics during post anthesis period in diverse wheat genotypes under different environments." Plant Science Today 6, sp1 (2019): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14719/pst.2019.6.sp1.688.
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The contribution of stem water soluble carbohydrates (SWSCs) to grain biomass of wheat ranges from 10 to 20% under irrigated condition and 40 to 60% under stresses such as terminal heat and drought. Genetic variation in SWSC and its mobilization can be useful to increase the grain yield of wheat under harsh environments. Hence, a set of 16 genotypes varying in spike morphology and grain yield was grown in field under timely sown, late sown and terminal drought stress conditions. The anthrone method was used to measure the SWSC concentration in the dried peduncle and penultimate internodes in three replicates at 3 growth stages starting from anthesis. The effect of delay in sowing and terminal drought on the SWSC concentration was significant from anthesis to 14 days after anthesis. Significant genetic variation was observed in the rate of post anthesis change in SWSC during the early grain filling period under the three conditions which partially contributed to the variation in grain yield per spike among the genotypes. Due to sterile florets and/or shorter grain filling duration, all the genotypes did not have a correlation between grain weight per spike and rate of decrease of SWSCs. Thus, our experiments reconfirm the significance of SWSC in present cultivars of wheat and also the scope for exploiting the genetic variation in this trait.
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Barreto, Ilídio. "Dynamic Capabilities: A Review of Past Research and an Agenda for the Future." Journal of Management 36, no. 1 (2009): 256–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206309350776.
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The dynamic capabilities view, by addressing the question of how firms can cope with changing environments, has gained increasing attention in the management literature in recent years, not only in the concept’s original domain (strategic management) but also in many other areas within business administration. However, such remarkable growth has been associated with a proliferation of definitions of the focal construct as well as the emergence of a complex and disconnected body of research. In addition, the approach has also received some recurring criticisms. In this study, the author reviews the diverse research streams on dynamic capabilities, identifies main limitations and challenges, suggests a new conceptualization of dynamic capability as an aggregate multidimensional construct, and provides guidance about promising avenues for future research.
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Asgary, Nader, and Hans Thamhain. "Leadership Lessons from Managing Multinational Project Teams." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 13, no. 02 (2016): 1650007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877016500073.
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The challenges of managing culturally diverse and globally dispersed project teams are examined in a field study of multinational product developments. Our objectives are to improve the understanding of the: (i) dynamics and interaction of culturally diverse project teams and (ii) influences of managerial leadership on performance. Special focus is on complex, technology-based, geographically dispersed project environments. The findings provide insight into the business processes, organizational conditions and managerial leadership style most conducive to high team performance in complex and culturally diverse project environments. The paper suggests a framework for assessing leadership effectiveness and makes recommendations for building high-performance multinational project teams.
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CHEN, HUI. "A REAL-TIME TASKS SCHEDULING METHOD BASED ON DYNAMIC PRIORITY." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 23, no. 02 (2014): 1450029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126614500297.
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Recently, real-time system was widely applied to diverse environments. In order to meet the demands of those applications, many scheduling strategies were presented to achieve either maximal benefit or minimum miss deadline ratio. However, very little attention has been devoted to simultaneously achieve the two objectives. This paper proposes a dynamic priority assignment (DPA) strategy by analyzing the remainder value density and urgency of task, in which, two parameters p and q are used to adjust the weights of remainder value density and urgency on task's priority. Based on DPA strategy, the condition that can avoid system thrashing is discussed, and a dynamic real-time task scheduling (DRTS) algorithm is also proposed. Finally, experimental results show that the proposed method can improve the integrated performance of real-time system compared with analogous algorithms.
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Friedrich, J., F. Janssen, D. Aleynik, et al. "Investigating hypoxia in aquatic environments: diverse approaches to addressing a complex phenomenon." Biogeosciences 11, no. 4 (2014): 1215–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1215-2014.
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Abstract. In this paper we provide an overview of new knowledge on oxygen depletion (hypoxia) and related phenomena in aquatic systems resulting from the EU-FP7 project HYPOX ("In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and landlocked water bodies", http://www.hypox.net). In view of the anticipated oxygen loss in aquatic systems due to eutrophication and climate change, HYPOX was set up to improve capacities to monitor hypoxia as well as to understand its causes and consequences. Temporal dynamics and spatial patterns of hypoxia were analyzed in field studies in various aquatic environments, including the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, Scottish and Scandinavian fjords, Ionian Sea lagoons and embayments, and Swiss lakes. Examples of episodic and rapid (hours) occurrences of hypoxia, as well as seasonal changes in bottom-water oxygenation in stratified systems, are discussed. Geologically driven hypoxia caused by gas seepage is demonstrated. Using novel technologies, temporal and spatial patterns of water-column oxygenation, from basin-scale seasonal patterns to meter-scale sub-micromolar oxygen distributions, were resolved. Existing multidecadal monitoring data were used to demonstrate the imprint of climate change and eutrophication on long-term oxygen distributions. Organic and inorganic proxies were used to extend investigations on past oxygen conditions to centennial and even longer timescales that cannot be resolved by monitoring. The effects of hypoxia on faunal communities and biogeochemical processes were also addressed in the project. An investigation of benthic fauna is presented as an example of hypoxia-devastated benthic communities that slowly recover upon a reduction in eutrophication in a system where naturally occurring hypoxia overlaps with anthropogenic hypoxia. Biogeochemical investigations reveal that oxygen intrusions have a strong effect on the microbially mediated redox cycling of elements. Observations and modeling studies of the sediments demonstrate the effect of seasonally changing oxygen conditions on benthic mineralization pathways and fluxes. Data quality and access are crucial in hypoxia research. Technical issues are therefore also addressed, including the availability of suitable sensor technology to resolve the gradual changes in bottom-water oxygen in marine systems that can be expected as a result of climate change. Using cabled observatories as examples, we show how the benefit of continuous oxygen monitoring can be maximized by adopting proper quality control. Finally, we discuss strategies for state-of-the-art data archiving and dissemination in compliance with global standards, and how ocean observations can contribute to global earth observation attempts.
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Friedrich, J., F. Janssen, D. Aleynik, et al. "Investigating hypoxia in aquatic environments: diverse approaches to addressing a complex phenomenon." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 8 (2013): 12655–772. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-12655-2013.
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Abstract. In this paper we synthesize the new knowledge on oxygen and oxygen-related phenomena in aquatic systems, resulting from the EU-FP7 project HYPOX ("In situ monitoring of oxygen depletion in hypoxic ecosystems of coastal and open seas, and land-locked water bodies", www.hypox.net). In view of the anticipated oxygen loss in aquatic systems due to eutrophication and climate change, HYPOX was set up to improve capacities to monitor hypoxia as well as to understand its causes and consequences. Temporal dynamics and spatial patterns of hypoxia were analysed in field studies in various aquatic environments, including the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, Scottish and Scandinavian fjords, Ionian Sea lagoons and embayments, and in Swiss lakes. Examples of episodic and rapid (hours) occurrences of hypoxia as well as seasonal changes in bottom-water oxygenation in stratified systems are discussed. Geologically-driven hypoxia caused by gas seepage is demonstrated. Using novel technologies, temporal and spatial patterns of water-column oxygenation, from basin-scale seasonal patterns to meter-scale submicromolar oxygen distributions were resolved. Existing multi-decadal monitoring data were used to demonstrate the imprint of climate change and eutrophication on long-term oxygen distributions. Organic and inorganic proxies were used to extend investigations on past oxygen conditions to centennial and even longer timescales not resolved by monitoring. The effects of hypoxia on faunal communities and biogeochemical processes were also addressed in the project. An investigation of benthic fauna is presented as an example of hypoxia-devastated benthic communities that slowly recover upon a reduction in eutrophication in a system where natural and anthropogenic hypoxia overlap. Biogeochemical investigations reveal that oxygen intrusions have a strong effect on microbially-mediated redox cycling of elements. Observations and modeling studies of the sediments demonstrate the effect of seasonally changing oxygen conditions on benthic mineralization pathways and fluxes. Data quality and access are crucial in hypoxia research. Therefore, technical issues are addressed, including the availability of suitable sensor technology to resolve gradual changes in bottom-water oxygen that can be expected as a result of climate change in deep-sea waters. Using cabled observatories as examples, we show how the benefit of continuous oxygen monitoring can be maximized by adopting proper quality control. Finally, we discuss strategies for state-of-the-art data archiving and dissemination in compliance with global standards and how ocean observations may contribute to global earth observation attempts.
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Reuben, S., C. L. N. Chua, K. D. Fam, Z. Y. A. Thian, M. K. Kang, and S. Swarup. "Bacterial diversity on different surfaces in urban freshwater." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 10 (2012): 1869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.952.
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Microbial loads in freshwater systems have important implications in biogeochemical cycling in urban environments. Immersed surfaces in freshwaters provide surfaces for bacterial attachment and growth. Microorganisms that adhere initially to these surfaces play a critical role in biofilm formation and sustenance. Currently, there is little understanding on the type of organisms that initially adhere to different surfaces in urban canals. In this study, water from an urban stormwater canal was employed to allow bacteria to attach to different surfaces in a flowcell apparatus and understand the differences and changes in bacterial community structure. Bacterial communities were highly diverse on different surfaces as indicated by Jaccard's indices of 0.14–0.56. Bacteria on aluminium were the most diverse and on Plexiglas the least. Bacterial communities were highly dynamic in the early attachment phase and it changed by 59% between 3 and 6 h on aluminium. Specificity of attachment to surfaces was observed for some bacteria. Judicious use of materials in urban aquatic environment would help mitigate microbial load in urban waters.
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Kaltenpoth, Martin, and Laura V. Flórez. "Versatile and Dynamic Symbioses Between Insects and Burkholderia Bacteria." Annual Review of Entomology 65, no. 1 (2020): 145–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025025.
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Symbiotic associations with microorganisms represent major sources of ecological and evolutionary innovations in insects. Multiple insect taxa engage in symbioses with bacteria of the genus Burkholderia, a diverse group that is widespread across different environments and whose members can be mutualistic or pathogenic to plants, fungi, and animals. Burkholderia symbionts provide nutritional benefits and resistance against insecticides to stinkbugs, defend Lagria beetle eggs against pathogenic fungi, and may be involved in nitrogen metabolism in ants. In contrast to many other insect symbioses, the known associations with Burkholderia are characterized by environmental symbiont acquisition or mixed-mode transmission, resulting in interesting ecological and evolutionary dynamics of symbiont strain composition. Insect– Burkholderia symbioses present valuable model systems from which to derive insights into general principles governing symbiotic interactions because they are often experimentally and genetically tractable and span a large fraction of the diversity of functions, localizations, and transmission routes represented in insect symbioses.
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Fiegna, Francesca, Thomas Scheuerl, Alejandra Moreno-Letelier, Thomas Bell, and Timothy G. Barraclough. "Saturating effects of species diversity on life-history evolution in bacteria." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1815 (2015): 20151794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1794.
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Species interactions can play a major role in shaping evolution in new environments. In theory, species interactions can either stimulate evolution by promoting coevolution or inhibit evolution by constraining ecological opportunity. The relative strength of these effects should vary as species richness increases, and yet there has been little evidence for evolution of component species in communities. We evolved bacterial microcosms containing between 1 and 12 species in three different environments. Growth rates and yields of isolates that evolved in communities were lower than those that evolved in monocultures, consistent with recent theory that competition constrains species to specialize on narrower sets of resources. This effect saturated or reversed at higher levels of richness, consistent with theory that directional effects of species interactions should weaken in more diverse communities. Species varied considerably, however, in their responses to both environment and richness levels. Mechanistic models and experiments are now needed to understand and predict joint evolutionary dynamics of species in diverse communities.
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Kim, Hyunah, Christine Barron, Jeanne Sinclair, and Eunice Eunhee Jang. "Change in home language environment and English literacy achievement over time: A multi-group latent growth curve modeling investigation." Language Testing 37, no. 4 (2020): 573–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265532220930348.
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In most studies investigating the educational outcomes of linguistically diverse students, variables that identify this population have been considered as static. In reality, owing to the dynamic nature of students and their families, students’ home language environments change over time. This study aims to understand how elementary school students’ home language environments change over time, and how longitudinal patterns of English literacy achievement across grades 3, 6, and 10 differ among students with various home language shift patterns in Ontario, Canada. The longitudinal cohort data of 89,609 students between grades 3 and 10 from the provincial assessments were analyzed for changes in their home language environment. A subsample of 18,000 students was used to examine different patterns of relative literacy performance over time and their associations with immigration background and early intervention programming using multi-group latent growth curve modeling. Our findings suggest a strong movement toward an English-dominant home language environment among multilingual students; yet, students whose homes remained as multilingual demonstrated the highest literacy achievement in the early grade as well as the highest improvement in relative performance over time. The paper draws implications for promoting students’ home language, instilling a positive view of multilingual competence.
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LEE, O. K. D., and D. V. BABY. "MANAGING DYNAMIC RISKS IN GLOBAL IT PROJECTS: AGILE RISK-MANAGEMENT USING THE PRINCIPLES OF SERVICE-ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 12, no. 06 (2013): 1121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622013400117.
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Risk management in global information technology (IT) projects is becoming a critical area of concern for practitioners. Global IT projects usually span multiple locations involving various culturally diverse groups that use multiple standards and technologies. These multiplicities cause dynamic risks through interactions among internal (i.e., people, process, and technology) and external elements (i.e., business and natural environments) of global IT projects. This study proposes an agile risk-management framework for global IT project settings. By analyzing the dynamic interactions among multiplicities (e.g., multi-locations, multi-cultures, multi-groups, and multi-interests) embedded in the project elements, we identify the dynamic risks threatening the success of a global IT project. Adopting the principles of service-oriented architecture (SOA), we further propose a set of agile management strategies for mitigating the dynamic risks. The mitigation strategies are conceptually validated. The proposed framework will help practitioners understand the potential risks in their global IT projects and resolve their complex situations when certain types of dynamic risks arise.
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Stoney, Rory, Dermot Geraghty, and Garret E. O’Donnell. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Passive Wireless Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Strain Sensors Used for Force Measurement in Turning." International Journal of Automation Technology 7, no. 4 (2013): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2013.p0451.
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Passive wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensors offer significant advantages over alternative well known sensing technologies and can enable sensing applications robustly in very harsh environments. The passive wireless operation of SAW sensors is especially relevant given there is a drive for more robust and diverse sensing technologies in more complex and high performance applications. Wireless passive dynamic SAW strain sensing has been realised and has enabled force measurement during CNC turning. This paper demonstrates the SAW performance alongside two state of the art Kistler sensing technologies designed for this application area. Direct analysis and investigation of both static and dynamic signals is important for establishing bench-mark performancemetrics and the operational bandwidth of the SAW system.
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Thakur, Nirmalya, and Chia Y. Han. "Indoor Localization for Personalized Ambient Assisted Living of Multiple Users in Multi-Floor Smart Environments." Big Data and Cognitive Computing 5, no. 3 (2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdcc5030042.
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This paper presents a multifunctional interdisciplinary framework that makes four scientific contributions towards the development of personalized ambient assisted living (AAL), with a specific focus to address the different and dynamic needs of the diverse aging population in the future of smart living environments. First, it presents a probabilistic reasoning-based mathematical approach to model all possible forms of user interactions for any activity arising from user diversity of multiple users in such environments. Second, it presents a system that uses this approach with a machine learning method to model individual user-profiles and user-specific user interactions for detecting the dynamic indoor location of each specific user. Third, to address the need to develop highly accurate indoor localization systems for increased trust, reliance, and seamless user acceptance, the framework introduces a novel methodology where two boosting approaches—Gradient Boosting and the AdaBoost algorithm are integrated and used on a decision tree-based learning model to perform indoor localization. Fourth, the framework introduces two novel functionalities to provide semantic context to indoor localization in terms of detecting each user’s floor-specific location as well as tracking whether a specific user was located inside or outside a given spatial region in a multi-floor-based indoor setting. These novel functionalities of the proposed framework were tested on a dataset of localization-related Big Data collected from 18 different users who navigated in 3 buildings consisting of 5 floors and 254 indoor spatial regions, with an to address the limitation in prior works in this field centered around the lack of training data from diverse users. The results show that this approach of indoor localization for personalized AAL that models each specific user always achieves higher accuracy as compared to the traditional approach of modeling an average user. The results further demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms all prior works in this field in terms of functionalities, performance characteristics, and operational features.
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Kimiti, Paul G., and James M. Kilika. "Organizational Resources, Industry Velocity, Attention Focus and Firm’s Performance: A Review of Literature." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 5 (2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n5p185.
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The study addressed the diverse views on the role of organizational resources in firm performance in high velocity industry context. It adopted a multidisciplinary approach to examine the linkage among organizational resources, industry velocity, attention focus and firm performance. It found that resource based advantages are rather transient in highly dynamic environments hence need to constantly adapt the internal factors through firm capabilities. The influence of the external environment on resource application decisions is however partial as only a portion of the environment is actually perceived and interpreted by strategic decision makers through the selective cognitive process of attention focus. These findings have implications for a better understanding of the constructs and how they are related as contained in the proposed theoretical framework. The paper proposes that future studies be based on wider multidisciplinary approaches and the proposed theoretical framework be applied in guiding empirical research in high velocity industries.
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Santos, Fernando, Pablo Yarza, Víctor Parro, Inmaculada Meseguer, Ramon Rosselló-Móra, and Josefa Antón. "Culture-Independent Approaches for Studying Viruses from Hypersaline Environments." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 6 (2012): 1635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.07175-11.
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ABSTRACTHypersaline close-to-saturation environments harbor an extremely high concentration of virus-like particles, but the number of haloviruses isolated so far is still very low. Haloviruses can be directly studied from natural samples by using different culture-independent techniques that include transmission electron microscopy, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and different metagenomic approaches. Here, we review the findings of these studies, with a main focus on the metagenomic approaches. The analysis of bulk viral nucleic acids directly retrieved from the environment allows estimations of viral diversity, activity, and dynamics and tentative host assignment. Results point to a diverse and active viral community in constant interplay with its hosts and to a “hypersalineness” quality common to viral assemblages present in hypersaline environments that are thousands of kilometers away from each other.
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Flathmann, Christopher, Nathan McNeese, and Lorenzo Barberis Canonico. "Using Human-Agent Teams to Purposefully Design Multi-Agent Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, no. 1 (2019): 1425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631238.
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With multi-agent teams becoming more of a reality every day, it is important to create a common design model for multi-agent teams. These teams need to be able to function in dynamic environments and still communicate with any humans that may need a problem solved. Existing human-agent research can be used to purposefully create multi-agent teams that are interdependent but can still interact with humans. Rather than creating dynamic agents, the most effective way to overcome the dynamic nature of modern workloads is to create a dynamic team configuration, rather than individual member-agents that can change their roles. Multi-agent teams will require a variety of agents to be designed to cover a diverse subset of problems that need to be solved in the modern workforce. A model based on existing multi-agent teams that satisfies the needs of human-agent teams has been created to serve as a baseline for human-interactive multi-agent teams.
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Garba, Salisu, Radziah Mohamad, and Nor Azizah Saadon. "Web Service Discovery Approaches for Dynamic Mobile Environment." International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications 13, no. 4 (2021): 16–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijesma.2021100102.
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Mobile web service (MWS) discovery is taking a new direction due to the explosion of users accessing mobile services using diverse mobile devices, coupled with the persistent changes in a dynamic mobile environment (DME). This leads to renewed adoption of lightweight solutions for the identification of the most suitable web services that correspond with the service requests. Contemporary mobile web service discovery approaches are plagued with performance and accuracy problems and are rarely compatible with the DME. The objective of this systematic literature review is to develop a more rigorous understanding and identify recent research trends in mobile web service discovery techniques in a dynamic mobile environment. This review followed the systematic literature review (SLR) guidelines. Essential information was extracted from the 76 relevant articles in line with the formulated questions and finally reported after in-depth analysis. The results of this study discuss the critical contributions and limitations of the proposed approaches.
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Brons, Anke, Peter Oosterveer, and Sigrid Wertheim-Heck. "Feeding the melting pot: inclusive strategies for the multi-ethnic city." Agriculture and Human Values 37, no. 4 (2020): 1027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10031-x.
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Abstract The need for a shift toward healthier and more sustainable diets is evident and is supported by universalized standards for a “planetary health diet” as recommended in the recent EAT-Lancet report. At the same time, differences exist in tastes, preferences and food practices among diverse ethnic groups, which becomes progressively relevant in light of Europe’s increasingly multi-ethnic cities. There is a growing tension between current sustainable diets standards and how diverse ethnic resident groups relate to it within their ‘culturally appropriate’ foodways, raising questions around inclusion. What are dynamics of inclusiveness in migrant food practices? And what does this mean towards the transition to healthy and sustainable food? We study this question among Syrian migrants with different lengths of stay in the Netherlands. Our theoretical framework is based on practice theories, which emphasize the importance of socio-material context and of bodily routines and competences. We use qualitative methods, combining in-depth semi-structured life-history interviews with participant observation. Our findings indicate that inclusiveness takes different forms as migrants’ food practices and the food environment change. Regarding health and sustainability in food practices, understandings and competences around particularly fresh food change over time among both short- and long-term migrants, replacing making things from scratch with seasonal products with buying more processed products and out-of-season vegetables and fruits. We conclude that the performances of food practices and their configurations in food environments and lifestyles are dynamic and cannot unequivocally be interpreted as in- or exclusive, but that a more nuanced understanding is required.
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Lapersonne, Alexandre Howard Henry. "Managing Multiple Sources of Competitive Advantage in a Complex Competitive Environment." Future Studies Research Journal: Trends and Strategies 5, no. 2 (2013): 221–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24023/futurejournal/2175-5825/2013.v5i2.120.
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The aim of this article is to review the literature on the topic of sustained and temporary competitive advantage creation, specifically in dynamic markets, and to propose further research possibilities. After having analyzed the main trends and scholars’ works on the subject, it was concluded that a firm which has been experiencing erosion of its core sources of economic rent generation, should have diversified its strategy portfolio in a search for new sources of competitive advantage, ones that could compensate for the decline of profits provoked by intensive competitive environments. This review concludes with the hypothesis that firms, who have decided to enter and manage multiple competitive environments, should have developed a multiple strategies framework approach. The management of this source of competitive advantage portfolio should have allowed persistence of a firm’s superior economic performance through the management of diverse temporary advantages lifecycle and through a resilient effect, where a very successful source of competitive advantage compensates the ones that have been eroded. Additionally, the review indicates that economies of emerging countries, such as the ones from the BRIC block, should present a more complex competitive environment due to their historical nature of cultural diversity, social contrasts and frequent economic disruption, and also because of recent institutional normalization that has turned the market into hypercompetition. Consequently, the study of complex competition should be appropriate in such environments.
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Matthias, Haringer, and Steffi Beckhaus. "Adaptive Generation of Emotional Impact Using Enhanced Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 21, no. 1 (2012): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres_a_00092.
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In this paper we introduce novel methods of intensifying and varying the user experience in virtual environments (VE). VEs technically have numerous means for crafting the user experience. Little has yet been done to evaluate those means of expression (MoEs) for their emotional impact on people and to use their capability to create different experiences and subtly guide the user. One of the reasons is that this requires a system which is capable of easily and dynamically providing those MoEs in such a way that they can easily be composed, evaluated, and compared between applications and users. In the following, we first introduce our model of both informational and emotional impact of VEs on users, introduce our dynamic, expressive VR-system, and present our novel evaluation and rating method for MoEs. MoEs can be used to guide attention to specific objects or build up an emotion or mood over time. We then present a study in which users experience 30 selected MoEs and rate their qualitative emotional impact using this rating method. We found that different MoEs can be used to elicit many diverse emotions which were surprisingly consistent among the test persons. With these results, our work enables new ways to make VEs more interesting and emotionally engaging, especially over a longer period of time, opening new possibilities, for example, to increase the motivation for long, stressful, and tiresome training as in neurorehabilitation.
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Nyre-Yu, Megan, and Barrett Caldwell. "Supporting Advances in Human-Systems Coordination through Simulation of Diverse, Distributed Expertise." Systems 6, no. 4 (2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems6040039.
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Distributed expertise task environments represent a critical, but challenging, area of team performance. As teams work together to perform complex tasks, they share much information and expertise to efficiently and effectively coordinate activities. Information coordination and alignment is affected by many factors, including communication styles and distributions of domain and interaction expertise. This study was part of a series of work performed in the authors’ lab to explore feasibility of using software simulation methods as a complement to other human factors methods to explore information alignment in teams. More specifically, this study aimed to operationalize specific parameters identified in group dynamics, management, and cognitive psychology literatures. Such research can provide an operationalized model that incorporates some of these key factors in information alignment and how these factors impact overall task performance of teams in complex environments. Simulation methods were applied to explore time-based performance outcomes. Model convergence and functionality were established through a series of model-based statistical analyses, which can be later validated with supplementary field studies. Results indicate that this style of simulation modeling is feasible, and provides directions for additional examination of factors affecting team configuration, process, and performance in complex systems.
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Wei, A. Hui, and B. Yang Chen. "Robotic object recognition and grasping with a natural background." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 2 (2020): 172988142092110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420921102.
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In this article, a novel, efficient grasp synthesis method is introduced that can be used for closed-loop robotic grasping. Using only a single monocular camera, the proposed approach can detect contour information from an image in real time and then determine the precise position of an object to be grasped by matching its contour with a given template. This approach is much lighter than the currently prevailing methods, especially vision-based deep-learning techniques, in that it requires no prior training. With the use of the state-of-the-art techniques of edge detection, superpixel segmentation, and shape matching, our visual servoing method does not rely on accurate camera calibration or position control and is able to adapt to dynamic environments. Experiments show that the approach provides high levels of compliance, performance, and robustness under diverse experiment environments.
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Moser, Roger, Srinath Rengarajan, and Gopalakrishnan Narayanamurthy. "Decision Intelligence: Creating a Fit between Intelligence Requirements and Intelligence Processing Capacities." IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review 10, no. 2 (2021): 160–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22779752211017386.
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Dynamic business environments throw up many challenges for senior executives. To make strategic decisions in such environments, it is crucial for them to find the right fit between the intelligence required for decisions, and how their companies gather and process intelligence. This paper conceptualizes a ‘ Decision Intelligence’ framework for achieving such a fit. The four major elements constituting the framework place the emphasis explicitly on senior executives adopting the right decision context, tailoring appropriate decision-making frameworks, innovating the access to diverse sources of intelligence and implementing the decisions proficiently. These elements are illustrated and elucidated by drawing on multiple firm experiences from automotive, agritech, pharma, banking and farming sectors. The paper concludes with a discussion on the major implications on intelligence processing capacity challenges of companies, and what this implies for management education and strategy research.
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Thakur, Nirmalya, and Chia Y. Han. "An Ambient Intelligence-Based Human Behavior Monitoring Framework for Ubiquitous Environments." Information 12, no. 2 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12020081.
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This framework for human behavior monitoring aims to take a holistic approach to study, track, monitor, and analyze human behavior during activities of daily living (ADLs). The framework consists of two novel functionalities. First, it can perform the semantic analysis of user interactions on the diverse contextual parameters during ADLs to identify a list of distinct behavioral patterns associated with different complex activities. Second, it consists of an intelligent decision-making algorithm that can analyze these behavioral patterns and their relationships with the dynamic contextual and spatial features of the environment to detect any anomalies in user behavior that could constitute an emergency. These functionalities of this interdisciplinary framework were developed by integrating the latest advancements and technologies in human–computer interaction, machine learning, Internet of Things, pattern recognition, and ubiquitous computing. The framework was evaluated on a dataset of ADLs, and the performance accuracies of these two functionalities were found to be 76.71% and 83.87%, respectively. The presented and discussed results uphold the relevance and immense potential of this framework to contribute towards improving the quality of life and assisted living of the aging population in the future of Internet of Things (IoT)-based ubiquitous living environments, e.g., smart homes.
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Furnival, Joy, Ruth Boaden, and Kieran Walshe. "A dynamic capabilities view of improvement capability." Journal of Health Organization and Management 33, no. 7/8 (2019): 821–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-11-2018-0342.
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Purpose Organisations within healthcare increasingly operate in rapidly changing environments and present wide variation in performance. It can be argued that this variation is influenced by the capability of an organisation to improve: its improvement capability. However, there is little theoretical research on improvement capability. The purpose of this paper is to set out the current diverse body of research on improvement capability and develop a theoretically informed conceptual framework. Design/methodology/approach This paper conceptualises improvement capability as a dynamic capability. This suggests that improvement capability is comprised of organisational routines that are bundled together, and adapt and react to organisational circumstances. Existing research conceptualises these bundles as three elements (microfoundations): sensing, seizing and reconfiguring. This conceptualisation is used to explore how improvement capability can be understood, by inductively categorising eight dimensions of improvement capability to develop a theoretically informed conceptual framework. Findings This paper shows that the three microfoundations which make up a dynamic capability are present in the identified improvement capability dimensions. This theoretically based conceptual framework provides a rich explanation of how improvement capability can be configured. Originality/value Identifying the component parts of improvement capability helps to explain why some organisations are less successful in improvement than others. This theoretically informed framework can support managers and policy makers to identify improvement capability dimensions in need of development. Further empirical research, particularly in non-market settings, such as publicly funded healthcare is required to enhance understanding of improvement capability and its configuration.
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Jarman, David, Eleni Theodoraki, Hazel Hall, and Jane Ali-Knight. "Social network analysis and festival cities: an exploration of concepts, literature and methods." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 5, no. 3 (2014): 311–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-11-2013-0034.
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Purpose – Social network analysis (SNA) is an under-utilised framework for research into festivals and events. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the history of SNA and explore its key concepts, in order that they might be applied to festivals and their environments. Design/methodology/approach – Secondary material underpins the paper, primarily SNA literature, tourism studies research and festival industry publications. Findings – Festival cities offer dynamic environments in which to investigate the workings of social networks. The importance of such networks has long been recognised within the industry, yet there is scant reflection of this in the event studies literature. Uses of SNA in tourism studies publications offer some precedents. Originality/value – This paper emphasises the importance of relationships between people in a festival economy, complementing and building upon stakeholder analyses. A research method is proposed, suitable for application across a diverse range of festivals and events.
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Rodima-Taylor, Daivi, and Erik Bähre. "INTRODUCTION: MUTUAL HELP IN AN ERA OF UNCERTAINTY." Africa 84, no. 4 (2014): 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972014000461.
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African communities are witnessing a perplexing proliferation of diverse arrangements of mutual security that draw upon old and new solidarities and inventively merge market logic with reciprocal forms of distribution and sharing. The dynamics of such voluntary arrangements and their broader social impacts emerge as increasingly important topics of study. The changing nature of global economies poses challenging questions about the novel relationships between state and market, and the potential of human agency to find alternatives to address growing inequalities. This collection focuses on local institutions of mutual security as alternative – yet also interdependent – forms of distribution that have become particularly relevant in the current era of global financialization and the changing dynamics between private and public social spheres. Various voluntary associations and informal economic networks, financial mutuals and savings/credit groups are becoming central in regulating access to resources and defining patterns of association in African communities. The articles in this themed part-issue explore these social security networks and organizations, concentrating on their ambiguous potential to empower the marginal as well as to contribute to social strife and political conflict. Ethnographic cases from diverse parts of Africa illustrate the impacts of the environments of uncertainty on the emergence of novel forms of association. The contributions suggest that contemporary mutual help arrangements should be seen as being central to the emergence of new social spaces and power configurations in such settings, revealing a broader social dynamic of globalization.