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1
Malik, Ashish, Liem Viet Ngo, and Russel P. J. Kingshott. "Power, resource dependencies and capabilities in intercultural B2B relationships." Journal of Services Marketing 32, no. 5 (August 13, 2018): 629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-01-2018-0006.
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PurposeThis exploratory study aims to analyse the influence of organisational resources and capabilities on relationship quality and firm performance in the context of high-technology offshore outsourcing service vendors.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative case study design, data from four offshore business process and information technology outsourcing firms were analysed.FindingsFindings highlight that resource dependence, cultural orientation and the vendor’s resources and capabilities strengthen relationship quality and affect firm performance.Originality/valueThe distinctive contribution of this study lies in identifying key organisational mechanisms that improve relationship quality and firm performance, as well as help to understand the adverse effects of ethnocentricity and power faced by vendors and subsidiaries within diverse intercultural contexts. Study limitations and future research directions, along with implications for theory and practice, are also discussed.
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Mertzanis, Charilaos, and Mona Said. "Access to skilled labor, institutions and firm performance in developing countries." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 328–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-11-2017-0301.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of access to skilled labor in explaining firms’ sales growth subject to the controlling influence of a wide range of firm-specific characteristics and country-level economic and non-economic factors. Design/methodology/approach The analysis uses a consistent and large firm-level data set from the World Bank’s Enterprise Surveys that includes 138 developing countries. An instrumental variables model with a GMM estimator is used for estimating the impact of access to skilled labor on firm performance. In order to obtain more robust estimators, the analysis introduces country-level controls reflecting the influence of economic and institutional factors, such as economic and financial development, institutional governance, education and technological progress. Findings The results document a significant and positive association between access to skilled labor and firm performance in the developing world. The explanatory power of access to skilled labor remains broadly robust after controlling for a wide range of firm-specific characteristics: sectoral and geographical influences matter. The results also show that the association between labor skill constraints and firm performance is mitigated by country-level factors but in diverse ways. Development, institutions, education and technological progress exert various mitigating effects on firm-level behavior regarding access to skilled labor. Originality/value The paper’s novel contribution is threefold: first, it uses joint firm, sector and country-level information to analyze the role of access to skilled labor on firm performance; second, it uses consistently produced information at the firm level from 138 developing countries; and, third, it considers the controlling impact of a wide range of country-level factors that reflect a country’s overall development, institutions and evolution.
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Allen, Thomas J., Peter Gloor, Andrea Fronzetti Colladon, Stephanie L. Woerner, and Ornit Raz. "The power of reciprocal knowledge sharing relationships for startup success." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 23, no. 3 (August 15, 2016): 636–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-08-2015-0110.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the innovative capabilities of biotech start-ups in relation to geographic proximity and knowledge sharing interaction in the R & D network of a major high-tech cluster. Design/methodology/approach – This study compares longitudinal informal communication networks of researchers at biotech start-ups with company patent applications in subsequent years. For a year, senior R & D staff members from over 70 biotech firms located in the Boston biotech cluster were polled and communication information about interaction with peers, universities and big pharmaceutical companies was collected, as well as their geolocation tags. Findings – Location influences the amount of communication between firms, but not their innovation success. Rather, what matters is communication intensity and recollection by others. In particular, there is evidence that rotating leadership – changing between a more active and passive communication style – is a predictor of innovative performance. Practical implications – Expensive real-estate investments can be replaced by maintaining social ties. A more dynamic communication style and more diverse social ties are beneficial to innovation. Originality/value – Compared to earlier work that has shown a connection between location, network and firm performance, this paper offers a more differentiated view; including a novel measure of communication style, using a unique data set and providing new insights for firms who want to shape their communication patterns to improve innovation, independently of their location.
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Byrom, Stephanie, Geoffrey D. Bongers, and Andy Boston. "Policy roadmap to net zero: the role of gas in decarbonising the National Energy Market." APPEA Journal 61, no. 2 (2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20119.
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As the National Energy Market (NEM) changes to a more diverse grid with emissions reduction targets, the way we value technologies must also change (Boston et al. 2017). This change in value is fundamental as the future low emissions grid will require careful planning and implementation to guarantee the lowest total system cost is maintained, particularly as a net zero grid will be drastically larger than the current system. This planning must include system strength. The Australian Energy Market Operator Integrated System Plan states that the current market mechanisms cannot facilitate achieving a low emissions grid (Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) 2020a). Policy and market mechanisms will need to be designed for this changing system. If net zero is to be met, Modelling of Energy and Grid Services by Red Vector and Gamma Energy technology has shown that this future grid needs to contain: approximately 100GW of variable renewable energy; almost 20GW of firm, low emissions generation, such as gas or coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS), bioenergy with CCS and hydroelectric power. If CCS is not available, nuclear power will be required; more than 10GW of storage, including pumped hydro energy storage and other energy storage technologies and over 30GW of firm, dispatchable peaking plant, including coal- and gas-fired power generation. This study sets out the role for gas in a policy road map to net zero for the NEM, harnessing and reforming existing policies, as well as introducing new mechanisms to achieve net zero emissions while retaining a reliable grid at the lowest total system cost.
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Hong, Jacky F. L., and Robin Stanley Snell. "Developing New Capabilities across a Supplier Network through Boundary Crossing: A Case Study of a China-Based MNC Subsidiary and its Local Suppliers." Organization Studies 34, no. 3 (March 2013): 377–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840612467154.
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Our nested case study shows how a China-based focal subsidiary of a Japanese MNC used various power bases to orchestrate a co-opetitive and diverse supplier ecosystem, and to drive cumulative cycles of collaborative capability development involving successive phases of capability gap articulation, evolution and institutionalization. All phases of capability development required the crossing of cognitive boundaries, which was facilitated by mutual engagement with boundary objects, and by common possession of generic background knowledge disseminated by the focal firm. The capability evolution phase also required the crossing of social and governance boundaries, which was supported and legitimized by shared framing assumptions about mutual benefit and continuous development, while the capability institutionalization phase also required the crossing of governance boundaries. Although the focal firm was open to suggestions for mutual benefit, it exercised unilateral control over design decisions, thereby pressurizing its suppliers to engage in capability development to meet specifications that they found arduous. Supplier diversity was a resource, and co-opetition a driving force for the discovery of solutions to manufacturability problems during the capability evolution phase, such that failure to develop requisite capabilities was uncommon.
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Oshun, Molly, Nicole M. Ardoin, and Sharon Ryan. "Use of the Planning Outreach Liaison Model in the Neighborhood Planning Process: A Case Study in Seattle's Rainier Valley Neighborhood." Urban Studies Research 2011 (November 14, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/687834.
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Our study examines a nontraditional engagement process employed by the City of Seattle during neighborhood plan updates. Adapting the trusted advocates model from the public health field, the city hired planning outreach liaisons (POLs) from 13 diverse community groups to solicit input from traditionally underrepresented residents. To explore the efficacy of this approach, we collected data through interviews with residents, neighborhood leaders, community development firm employees, university researchers, and municipal staff; a review of planning documents; observation at planning meetings. We found that the POLs effectively engaged underrepresented groups—including more than 1,200 stakeholders—particularly those characterized as self-organized, centralized or having strong social networks and were important in the advancement of democratic principles. Greater transparency by the city about process goals and constraints, along with strategies to address power issues, may have facilitated better communication and relationship building among the city, newly enfranchised residents, and the “usual suspects.”
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Galdeano-Gómez, Emilio, Juan Carlos Pérez-Mesa, and Cynthia Lynn Giagnocavo. "Food exporters and co-opetition relationships: an analysis on the vegetable supply chain." British Food Journal 117, no. 5 (May 5, 2015): 1596–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2014-0255.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on the influence of co-opetition on food exporting in different distribution channels, taking as reference the vegetable farming-marketing sector in southeast Spain. Design/methodology/approach – The study analyses the data collected from vegetable exporters’ associations and the firms’ individual financial reports. A multivariate empirical model is developed to measure the impact of cooperation and competition relationships (both horizontal and vertical ones) on exporting. This model includes the influence of main buyers distinguishing basically between retailers and wholesalers. Findings – The results obtained show that diverse forms of collaboration with competitors, in both horizontal (such as logistics and research projects) and vertical dimensions (such as promotion and quality certifications) have positive effects on vegetable export propensity. These influences become more apparent when large retailers are the main buyers. Research limitations/implications – The analysed farming-marketing sector features certain singular characteristics, for example the type of products and firms, which should be taken into account when extrapolating the results to other agrifood industries. Practical implications – For farming-marketing firms with little bargaining power in the supply chain of fresh produce, horizontal and vertical collaboration is a key factor in improving their exporting activity. A greater balance in co-opetition relationships is required to reduce the traditionally negative effect of competition among Spanish firms in the vegetable marketing sector. Originality/value – These findings should be of value to researchers into co-opetition policies and to managers responsible for strategy formation in international agrifood firm environment.
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Zarei, Hamid, Hassan Yazdifar, Mohsen Dahmarde Ghaleno, and Ramin azhmaneh. "Predicting auditors' opinions using financial ratios and non-financial metrics: evidence from Iran." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 10, no. 3 (June 6, 2020): 425–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-03-2018-0027.
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PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to investigate the extent to which a model based on financial and non-financial variables predicts auditors' decisions to issue qualified audit reports in the case of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE).Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilized data from the financial statements of 96 Iranian firms as the sample over a period of five years (2012–2016). A total of 480 observations were analysed using a probit model through 11 primary financial ratios accompanying non-financial variables, including the type of audit firm, auditor turnover and corporate performance, which affect the issuance of audit reports.FindingsThe results demonstrated high explanatory power of financial ratios and type of audit firm (the national audit organization vs other local audit firms) in explaining qualifications through audit reports. The predictive accuracy of the estimated model is evaluated using a regression model for the probabilities of qualified and clean opinions. The model is reliable, with 72.9% accuracy in classifying the total sample correctly to explain changes in the auditor's opinion.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contains some limitations. First, it is likely that similar researches in developed countries set a large sample (e.g. over 1,000 firms) including more years, but the authors cannot follow such a trend due to data access restrictions. Second, banks and financial institutions, investment and holding firms are removed from the sample, because their financial structure is diverse. The third limitation of the study represents the different economic and cultural conditions of Iran compared to other countries. Future studies could focus on internal control material weaknesses or earnings management to predict audit opinion in emerging economies including Iran.Practical implicationsThe paper has practical implications and can assist auditors in identifying factors motivating audit report qualifications, mainly in emerging economies.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to auditing research, since very little is known about the determinants of audit opinion in emerging markets including Iran; it also constitutes an addition to previous knowledge about audit opinion in the context of TSE. The paper is one of the rare studies predicting auditor opinions using both financial variables and non-financial metrics.
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Beard, Mary. "Did the Romans Laugh?" Annales (English ed.) 67, no. 04 (December 2012): 581–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000388.
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Laughter is one of the most difficult and intriguing historical subjects, one that defies firm conclusion or systematization. Beginning with Dion Cassius’s first-person account of laughter in the Colosseum in 192 CE, this article explores some of the heuristic challenges of writing about the laughter of the past—particularly that of classical antiquity. It attempts to undermine some of the false certainties that surround the idea of a “ classical theory of laughter” (which originated during the Renaissance) and argues that ideas about laughter in ancient Greece and Rome were much more diverse than one usually imagines. Important patterns in the discursive use of laughter in ancient Rome can nonetheless be observed. This article also examines the way laughter was used to mediate political power and autocracy in addition to how laughter operated on the boundary between animals and humans. It concludes with a reflection on the extent to which we can still share in the laughter of the Romans and under what conditions.
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Fisher, David H., and Sarah B. Fowler. "Reimagining Moral Leadership in Business." Business Ethics Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857270.
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Abstract:In this paper we explore challenges facing leadership in a culture of “all consuming images” from a perspective which claims that images have a moral or normative dimension. The cumulative effect of contemporary image saturation is increased resistance to the normative power of an image. We also suggest that in a culturally diverse global economy, it is necessary to expand the moral aspects of good business leadership beyond providing a basis for productive, coherent group identity within a firm at the expense of seeing outsiders as “others.” We also explore what imagining leadership in business might be like in a world in which visual images shape our understandings of individual and group identity. While our focus is on leadership in business, we also use examples from the political arena. We also suggest that imagining business leadership in the ways we propose may be helpful to women, providing them with an image of business leadership more closely reflective of their experience of corporate culture, its limits, and possibilities.
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Guziak, Albert. "The status of English in the EU institutions after Brexit: A discursive analysis of selected press articles." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 17(2) (September 9, 2021): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2020.2.01.
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The aim of this article is to find out what the status of English, currently the primary working language within the EU institutions, might look like once the United Kingdom leaves the EU structures. To that end, this paper will analyse a selection of press articles. Although the manner in which the so-called Brexit will take place is still uncertain, a diverse range of opinions and prognostications on what will happen to English is being expressed publicly, taking into consideration many factors (political, sociological and purely linguistic) which may contribute to a possible scenario or scenarios. This article does not lay claim to submitting any firm or reliable vision of the future as none such exists elsewhere. This paper intends to analyze some discursive strategies employed by the authors of the articles to place the discussed subject into a discursive framework by using tools of critical discourse analysis which mainly focus on the relation of power and language.
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Grimshaw, Damian, and Marcela Miozzo. "Institutional Effects on the IT Outsourcing Market: Analysing Clients, Suppliers and Staff Transfer in Germany and the UK." Organization Studies 27, no. 9 (June 28, 2006): 1229–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840606064103.
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Drawing on empirical evidence in Germany and the UK, this article examines the institutional effects on a fast-growing area of knowledge-intensive business services — IT outsourcing. This is an important area for research since the IT outsourcing market provides many organizations with an important specialized production input and is characterized by complex inter-organizational relations. By exploring institutional influences in the context of IT outsourcing, the research extends earlier studies on how client–supplier relations shape markets for business services. It also contributes to varieties of capitalism debates by highlighting heterogeneous institutional effects within countries and common systemic trends (involving powerful multinational IT firms) in the development of the market for IT outsourcing. Comparative analysis of 13 IT outsourcing contracts in Germany and the UK, focusing on the organizational practices of client organizations and IT firms, illuminated institutional effects within the organizational setting. Analysis of industrylevel data shows that the diverse institutional contexts of Germany and the UK provided an equally favourable basis for growth in the IT outsourcing market, despite its apparent deregulatory bias. But significant institutional effects were observed, specifically related to: the role of deliberative institutions (especially works councils); and institutions governing technical standards and contracting rules. Strong deliberative institutions in Germany facilitated market growth since transactions involved distributive dilemmas, particularly related to staff transfer. Also, while institutions shaped technical and contractual expertise of client managers, they were not deterministic. Instead, they interacted with characteristics of the IT outsourcing market, namely: heterogeneous client practices to improve absorptive capacity; public vs. private contracting experience; and power relations between client and IT firm in their use of market discipline.
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Sigler, Thomas, Kirsten Martinus, and Julia Loginova. "Socio-spatial relations observed in the global city network of firms." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): e0255461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255461.
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One of the prevailing approaches to the study of the global economy is the analysis of global city networks based on the activities of multinational firms. Research in this vein generally conceptualises cities as nodes, and the intra-firm relations between them as ties, forming the building blocks for globally scaled interurban networks. While such an approach has provided a valuable heuristic for understanding how cities are globally connected, and how the global economy can be conceived of as a network of cities, there is a lack of understanding as to how and why cities are connected, and which factors contribute to the existence of ties between cities. Here, we explain how five distinct socio-spatial dimensions contribute to global city network structure through their diverse effects on interurban dyads. Based on data from 13,583 multinational firms with 163,821 international subsidiary locations drawn from 208 global securities exchanges, we hypothesise how regional, linguistic, industrial, developmental, and command & control relations may contribute to network structure. We then test these by applying an exponential random graph model (ERGM) to explain how each dimension may contribute to cities’ embeddedness within the overall network. Though all are shown to shape interurban relations to some extent, we find that two cities sharing a common industrial base are more likely to be connected. The ERGM also reveals a strong core-periphery structure in that cities in middle- and low-income countries are more reliant on connectivity than those in high-income countries. Our findings indicate that, despite claims seeking to de-emphasise the top-heavy organisational structure of the global urban economic network, interurban relations are characterised by uneven global development in which socio-spatial embeddedness manifests through a combination of similarity (homophily) and difference (heterophily) as determined by heterogeneous power relationships underlying global systems of production, exchange and consumption.
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Khawaja, M. Idrees, and Sajawal Khan. "Reforming Institutions: Where to Begin?" Pakistan Development Review 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v48i3pp.241-267.
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Institutions promote growth—this view now holds firm ground. The task then is to ‘engineer’ growth promoting institutions. Endogeneity characterises institutions, for example, groups enjoying political power influence economic institutions but political power itself is a function of wealth. The question then is: what to reform first? History stands witness that generally the societies with extreme inequality and a heterogeneous population tend to evolve institutions that restrict access to economic opportunities for the poor which in turn constrains economic development. On the other hand societies with greater equality and homogeneous population typically enjoy growth-promoting institutions. Institutional reforms should therefore begin with institutions that serve to create or perpetuate inequality and heterogeneity in the society. We argue that the four different kinds of educational systems in operation in Pakistan are a major source of creating and perpetuating inequality and heterogeneity in the population. Access to a single and common educational system will open-up similar opportunities of higher education and job attainment for all the citizens, thereby reducing inequality. Diverse educational systems promote different sets of beliefs while a uniform system forges beliefconvergence in the society that in turn facilitates agreement on a common set of institutional reforms. Therefore it is the educational system that should be the first to reform. We also argue that in Pakistan, unlike some European countries in the 17th century, neither commercial interest nor fiscal constraints can force the de jure power to reform institutions. Typically, large commercial interests in Pakistan have thrived on favours from the de jure power and therefore have no interest in changing the system. Foreign aid eases the fiscal constraints from time to time relieving government of the need to reform institutions. The thought of a revolution of some kind is still a far cry, the society having no such inclination. The alternative then is the gradual approach preferred by North, Acemoglu and Rodrik. This gradual approach suggests the area of educational reforms. JEL classification: D02, D03, P16 Keywords: Institutional Evolution, Institutional Change, Human Behaviour
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Elliott, S. J., M. Ghandchi Tehrani, and R. S. Langley. "Nonlinear damping and quasi-linear modelling." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2051 (September 28, 2015): 20140402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0402.
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The mechanism of energy dissipation in mechanical systems is often nonlinear. Even though there may be other forms of nonlinearity in the dynamics, nonlinear damping is the dominant source of nonlinearity in a number of practical systems. The analysis of such systems is simplified by the fact that they show no jump or bifurcation behaviour, and indeed can often be well represented by an equivalent linear system, whose damping parameters depend on the form and amplitude of the excitation, in a ‘quasi-linear’ model. The diverse sources of nonlinear damping are first reviewed in this paper, before some example systems are analysed, initially for sinusoidal and then for random excitation. For simplicity, it is assumed that the system is stable and that the nonlinear damping force depends on the n th power of the velocity. For sinusoidal excitation, it is shown that the response is often also almost sinusoidal, and methods for calculating the amplitude are described based on the harmonic balance method, which is closely related to the describing function method used in control engineering. For random excitation, several methods of analysis are shown to be equivalent. In general, iterative methods need to be used to calculate the equivalent linear damper, since its value depends on the system’s response, which itself depends on the value of the equivalent linear damper. The power dissipation of the equivalent linear damper, for both sinusoidal and random cases, matches that dissipated by the nonlinear damper, providing both a firm theoretical basis for this modelling approach and clear physical insight. Finally, practical examples of nonlinear damping are discussed: in microspeakers, vibration isolation, energy harvesting and the mechanical response of the cochlea.
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Raut, Ankita. "Solar PV-Wind Hybrid Energy Generation System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 3593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35733.
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Renewable energy systems area unit seemingly to become wide spread within the future thanks to adverse environmental impacts and step-up in energy prices connected with the exercise of established energy sources. Solar and wind energy resources area unit various to every different which can have the particular potential to satisfy the load quandary to a point. However, such solutions any time researched severally aren't entirely trustworthy thanks to their impact of unstable nature. During this perspective, autonomous electrical phenomenon and wind hybrid energy systems are found to be a lot of economically viable various to meet the energy demands of diverse isolated shoppers worldwide. Conservation of energy is extremely traditional these days however management of energy is extremely essential issue to figure on the idea of change to energy generation devices for continuous provide of dc storage conjointly demand of electricity is increasing day by day however accessible wattage plants aren't ready to provide electricity as per the strain wants. The main objective of the project is to supply a framework for promotion of enormous grid connected wind - solar PV hybrid system for optimum and economical utilization of transmission infrastructure and land. Project conjointly aims to encourage new technologies, ways and way-outs involving military operation of wind and solar PV plants. Battery storage could also be other to the hybrid project to cut back the variability of output power from wind solar hybrid plant, for providing higher energy output for a given capability at delivery purpose, by putting in further capability of wind and solar energy in an exceedingly wind solar hybrid plant and making certain handiness of firm power for a specific amount.
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Klumpp, Matthias, and Dominic Loske. "Sustainability and Resilience Revisited: Impact of Information Technology Disruptions on Empirical Retail Logistics Efficiency." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105650.
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The increasing use of information technology (IT) in supply chain management and logistics is connected to corporate advantages and enhanced competitiveness provided by enterprise resource planning systems and warehouse management systems. One downside of advancing digitalization is an increasing dependence on IT systems and the negative effects of technology disruption impacts on firm performance, measured by logistics efficiency, e.g., with data envelopment analysis (DEA). While the traditional DEA model cannot deconstruct production processes to find the underlying causes of inefficiencies, network DEA (NDEA) can provide insights into resource allocation at the individual stages of operations. We apply an NDEA approach to measure the impact of IT disruptions on the efficiency of operational processes in retail logistics. We compare efficiency levels during IT disruptions, as well as ripple effects throughout subsequent days. In the first stage, we evaluate the efficiency of order picking in retail logistics. After handing over the transport units to the outgoing goods department of a warehouse, we assess the subsequent process of truck loading as a second stage. The obtained results underline the analytical power of NDEA models and demonstrate that the proposed model can evaluate IT disruptions in supply chains better than traditional approaches. Insights show that efficiency reductions after IT disruptions occur at different levels and for diverse reasons, and successful preparation and contingency management can support improvements.
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Komar, Paul D. "ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS ON LITTORAL SAND TRANSPORT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.92.
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Quantities of sand transported along beaches are generally related to the "longshore component of wave power", F^, through the proportionality is = KF£ where l8 is the immersed-weight sand transport rate and K is a dimensionless proportionality factor. A more-generally applicable relationship is that of Bagnold, ls = K'(ECn)bvL/um where (ECn)b is the energy flux or total power of the breaking waves, y^ is the longshore current, um is the mean orbital velocity under the waves, and K' is another dimensionless coefficient. It is apparent that sediment transport rates on beaches should depend on environmental factors such as the grain diameter or settling velocity, and possibly on factors such as the beach slope or wave steepness. However, examinations of such dependencies for K and K' within the field data are hampered by problems with large random scatter within any one data set, and by systematic differences between separate studies which have employed diverse measurement techniques. Examinations of the field data for K and K' variations indicate that meaningful dependencies on sediment grain diameters and other factors cannot be established with confidence in the sand-size range. Limited data available from gravel beaches support the expected decreases in K and K' with increasing grain sizes. These data are too few in numbers to establish firm trends, but do suggest that future investigations to establish dependencies on environmental factors would be most profitably undertaken on gravel beaches. The measurements collected in recent years from sand beaches suggest revisions in average K and K' coefficients to be used in transport evaluations, but such revisions must be coordinated such that K/K' = 2.7 so as to maintain agreement with the longshore current data.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Natural Gas Has Role in Decarbonizing the Australian Electricity Supply." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 07 (July 1, 2021): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0721-0069-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 202210, “Future Roles for Natural Gas in Decarbonizing the Australian Electricity Supply Within the NEM: Total System Costs Are Key,” by Stephanie Byrom, University of Queensland; Geoffrey Bongers, Gamma Energy Technology; and Andy Boston, Red Vector, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, originally scheduled to be held in Perth, Australia, 20–22 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Electricity systems around the world are changing, with the Paris Agreement of 2015 a catalyst for much current change. The Australian government ratified the agreement by committing to 26–28% emissions reductions below 2005 levels by 2030. Reduction in emissions from electricity generation has become the focus of these targets. To decarbonize the grid to meet targets while building firm, dispatchable generation capacity to support the system, a new metric is required to measure success. The complete paper explores the outputs of the model of energy and grid services (MEGS), illustrating outcomes if a single technology group is favored. Introduction The majority of electricity in the Australian National Energy Market (NEM) is provided by synchronous thermal power generation, which also has delivered services required for grid stability such as inertia and frequency control. The NEM commenced operation in December 1998 and includes five regional market jurisdictions: Queensland, New South Wales (including the Australian Capital Territory), Victoria, South Australia, and Tasmania. In 2020, the NEM incorporated approximately 40,000 km of transmission lines and cables, connecting approximately 57 GW of generation capacity to consumers. This thermal generation mostly has consisted of coal- and gas-based technologies. Electricity grids are also changing from largely centralized electricity generation systems to more decentralized ones and from unidirectional electricity flows to bidirectional flows as part of the effort to reduce emissions. However, with increasing penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE) generation, it is important to plan for and manage generation-asset investment to track the lowest possible total system cost and highest reliability path to a low-emissions future. A Competent, Diverse Grid A competent electricity grid is one that can keep the lights on, so to speak, within the legislated tolerance for outages and performance. A competent grid is adequate, reliable, secure, operable, and robust against externally driven disruptions. In practice, the reliability of the electricity grid often seems to be taken for granted; however, it is an essential element of the modern economy, and, with a changing grid, reliability is increasingly important. When a decision must be made to build or replace an individual power plant, stakeholders (individual investors) have traditionally considered the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of the alternative generation options, which di-vides the total cost of an installation or plant by the kilowatt-hours it produces over its lifetime. However, metrics such as LCOE, based on grid-independent formulae to help power plant investors to maximize returns, are inappropriate for comparing technologies that deliver and demand a complex menu of services specific to the grid. A different metric is required to evaluate each technology’s contribution to the grid.
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Zheng, Yan, Qian Liang, Bing Li, Guang Gen Zeng, Wen Wu Wang, Jing Quan Zhang, Wei Li, and Liang Huan Feng. "The Influence of Sputtering Power on the Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of ZnSe Thin Films Deposited by R.F Magnetron Sputtering." Advanced Materials Research 1058 (November 2014): 240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1058.240.
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By creatively using R.F Magnetic sputtering technique , we have successfully prepared ZnSe polycrystalline thin films on glass substrates..The effect of different sputtering powers on the structural, morphological and optical properties of the as-deposited films were studied. The films were characterized by using X-ray diffraction, UV-VIS spectrometer ,scanning electrical microscope ,etc. The results indicate that :Under the pressure of o.8pa,with the diverse sputtering power varying from 60w to 100w,the intensities of XRD peaks of ZnSe thin films varied apparently ,while the morphological properties were almost the same. It should be noted here that the crystallinity of the ZnSe film, which was deposited with the power of 90W, showed a face-centered cubic phase. Besides, it showed relatively better performance: with strong [111] orientation ,smooth surface without obvious defects, comparatively large band gap and high transmission rate.
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Prasad, S. V. G. V. A. "Solar Panels and their Diverse Characteristics: An All-Inclusive Study." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (August 13, 2021): 4456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2472.
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In recent years the use of solar energy is found to have grown by a large amount. Solar energy is renewable energy and the demand for it as clean energy shows its growth by nearly 50 percent in the past decade. It is estimated that the sun is able to generate energy within 24 hours that the entire population of the world could consume in 27 years. Solar power is the energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. The energy harnessed from the sun's rays is used for a variety of applications like electricity generation, to provide light for the interior environment, and many other domestic, commercial, and industrial purposes. Usage of fossil fuels for electricity production results in increased pollution and this mandates many governments to encourage moving to electricity generation using solar power. The large amount of solar energy that is available is found to be the most appealing source of electricity. Solar panels form a major part of the solar energy setup. Hence in this article let us review the various types of solar panels. This paper also deals with comparing the merits and demerits of the different types of solar panels that are available in the market. A section that presents the efficiency of the different kinds of the solar panel is also present in this paper. The role of temperature coefficient, fire rating, and hail rating in the performance of the solar panel is also addressed in this paper.
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Clover, Darlene E. "You've Got the Power: Documentary Film as a Tool of Environmental Adult Education." Journal of Adult and Continuing Education 17, no. 2 (November 2011): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jace.17.2.4.
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Educators call for more creative means to combat the moribund narratives of contemporary environmentalism. Using visual methodology and environmental adult education theory, this article discusses how a documentary film titled You've Got the Power works to pose questions about complex environmental issues and develop critical thinking and cultural understandings. By juxtaposing narratives and images the film artfully, critically, and emotively exposes diverse ways of knowing and viewing the world, problematises concepts of citizenship and ecological justice and illuminates the complex contemporary politics of environmentalism. Perhaps most importantly, it challenges stereotypic notions of aboriginal peoples in Canada, by highlighting their critical environmental roles and actions and thereby provides a much needed source of inspiration and hope for change.
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Asraf Roslan, Amirul, and Rahimi Baharom. "Advanced gas leakage, fire and power supply failure monitoring system." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i1.pp222-227.
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<span>Safety system such as smoke detector and fire alarm are considered to be a counter measure for fire accident. This safety system is important as it acts as a security measure against fire accident which could lead to death and destruction of properties. This paper propose an advanced gas leakage, fire and power supply failure monitoring system with Arduino UNO and GSM Module as its embedded system. Among the features of this system are their ability to detect the presence of smoke, gases and power failure at homes and factories, then the system will send a text message using Short Message Service (SMS) to the registered mobile number via GSM Module informing the user the situation and location of the incident. As a result, the user or person in charge can respond to the emergency situation accordingly and alert the fire departments or relevant authorities in time. This system could help the user to transform the way they protect their property and critical infrastructure. Successful safety and security transformation requires a combination of end user structural and operational changes as well as technology evolution enablement. This is in line with the Fourth Industrial Revolution (known as IR4.0), that propose substantial increase in the deployment of sensors for collecting, processing, and communicating measurement data in real time in order to diverse working environments, thus, resulting in advancement and convergence of technologies.</span>
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Harman, Sophie. "Making the invisible visible in International Relations: Film, co-produced research and transnational feminism." European Journal of International Relations 24, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 791–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066117741353.
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How to make the invisible visible in a way that recognises the agency of the invisible is a question pertinent to feminist and decolonial method in International Relations. This article proposes a new method of research to explore this question: the co-production of a narrative feature film between an academic researcher, a film crew and a group of women from rural coastal Tanzania living below the international poverty line of US$2 a day. This project is the first use of narrative feature film as method in International Relations. The article situates film in the wider debate on feminist and visual method in IR before exploring the practice and politics of co-production of film as research method. In so doing, the article makes two key arguments. First, film offers a new method of research that translates the everyday experiences of the invisible to understandings of international politics and creates outputs that appeal to broad and diverse global audiences. Second, power relations are inherent and unavoidable in co-produced research; however, instead of closing down opportunities for collaboration, exploring the politics of such power relations opens up new ways of thinking about transnational feminism.
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Lee, Steve Kyungjae. "The effect of the influential power of partner on the failure of coopetitive joint ventures." Baltic Journal of Management 15, no. 3 (May 5, 2020): 453–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-09-2019-0344.
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PurposeWhy do collaborations between direct competitors fail and what are the risks? To enhance our understanding about the sources that generate diverse risks of failure of coopetition (cooperation between competitors), this study examined the effect of influential power each partner exercise in the industry on the unexpected dissolution of joint venture (JV) between direct competitors.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed event history analysis to test the hypotheses using a sample of 188 coopetitive JVs between 2001 and 2010 and data on their survival for the following 5-year window.FindingsThe results show that as firms become more powerful within the industry, they have more incentives to cooperate with competitors to maintain their current JVs than to pursue their self-interest through opportunistically dissolving collaborations, which ultimately reduces the risk of failure of coopetition.Originality/valueScholars have often considered why firms cooperate with competitors and how coopetition creates value for firms but paid less attention regarding why coopetition unexpectedly dissolves. Based on transaction cost economics and the situational assumption of mixed-motive interaction, this study provides insight into how the different levels of influence each partner can exercise within the industry cause firms to have different incentives to cooperate with competitors.
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Ngum, Yvette. "GENDER AND CULTURAL NEGOTIATION IN NINAH’S DOWRY: EXPLORING A CAMEROONIAN VIEW." Imbizo 7, no. 2 (May 26, 2017): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2078-9785/1853.
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The issue of identity is complex in Cameroon. As a nation with diverse cultures, people perform different identities in relation to the power that exist. Moreover, the situation is complicated by the historical colonisation of Cameroon by two different powers with different cultural identities, namely the English and the French. In such a context, where national identity is informed by a background of multicultural institutions, the performance of peoples’ identity is challenged by the hegemonies in place. Cameroonian cultural productions have responded to these situations, exposing and challenging the dominant hegemonies in place. Victor Viyuoh’s film, Ninah’s Dowry, is one of these. A work that deals with the trajectory of a woman caught in the web of patriarchy and other dominant practices, Viyuoh’s film gives room for a reading beyond this obvious thematic perspective. Using post-structuralist theory and psychoanalysis, I examine the display of domination, oppression and subordination in constructing gender identities in Ninah’s Dowry (2012). I argue that Ninah’s fate, in the work, is determined not only by the symbolic dowry system, which subjugates the woman, but also by the greed that underpins the whole marriage system.
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Mollona, Massimiliano. "Seeing the Invisible: Maya Deren's Experiments in Cinematic Trance." October 149 (July 2014): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00188.
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In July 1791, the story goes, a small voodoo gathering in Santo Domingo sparked the Haitian Revolution, the first black anti-colonial revolution in history. The glorious history of the “Republic of the black Jacobins” was often celebrated by Surrealist artists in New York and Paris in their exposé of the decadent state of colonial powers in the aftermath of the Second World War. For instance, Haiti is central to André Breton's anti-colonial manifesto, Aimé Cesaire's idea of negritude, Rudy Burckhardt's lyric film symphonies, and Zora Neale Hurston's novels on creole culture. In New York, negritude did not have quite the same revolutionary appeal as in Paris, where Josephine Baker was hailed as a Surrealist goddess of “natural” beauty and power. But the electric Haitian voodoo performances of dancer and choreographer Katherine Dunham attracted a diverse community of African-American artists, émigrés, intellectuals, and communist sympathizers in the off-limits clubs, cafés, and private parties in Harlem. In its uncontainable, carnivalesque power, open forms, and sexual energy, Haitian voodoo captured an attraction to the “primitive” that affected American intellectuals and popular culture alike. Before becoming a Hollywood star, Dunham, of mixed West African and Native American roots, traveled to Haiti to study voodoo rituals for an anthropology degree at the University of Chicago. Fusing American dance, European ballet, and voodoo movements, she became a symbol of the black diaspora. In a recent film interview, Dunham recalls how her young assistant (or “girl Friday,” in the parlance of the time) Maya Deren was fascinated by Haitian dance and would use it to steal the show in rehearsals, public performances, and glitzy parties. The daughter of Russian Jewish émigrés and Trotskyite activists, Deren was struck by the power of this syncretic dance, which blended different cultural backgrounds and formed political consciousnesses while always providing entertainment and energizing dinner parties and giving voice to invisible deities. In her experimental filmmaking, Deren infused this magnetic power of dance into cinema.
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Hobart, Mark. "Introduction: Rethinking Asian Media and Film." Asian Journal of Social Science 41, no. 5 (January 29, 2014): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-12341312.
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AbstractThis Introduction pulls together the main themes of the papers in this special issue, which covers major regions in Asia from Japan, Korea and China to Indonesia, India and Iran. The papers are all critical of the implications of imposing Eurocentric and metropolitan frameworks on the diverse assemblages of practices of producing, distributing and engaging with Asian media and film. Bringing a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds to bear, the contributors question existing approaches and concepts, reconsider what should count as objects of study and propose new theoretical approaches appropriate to the study of such large and rapidly changing industries. What emerges, however, is the extent to which issues of knowledge and power permeate not just the debates, but also the critiques. Drawing upon the papers, the Introduction concludes by suggesting the possibilities of a more rigorous and sustained analysis in terms of practice.
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Lan, Zige, Zhangwen Su, Meng Guo, Ernesto C. Alvarado, Futao Guo, Haiqing Hu, and Guangyu Wang. "Are Climate Factors Driving the Contemporary Wildfire Occurrence in China?" Forests 12, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12040392.
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Understanding the drivers of wildfire occurrence is of great value for fire prevention and management, but due to the variation in research methods, data sources, and data resolution of those studies, it is challenging to conduct a large-scale comprehensive comparative qualitative analysis on the topic. China has diverse vegetation types and topography, and has undergone rapid economic and social development, but experiences a high frequency of wildfires, making it one of the ideal locations for wildfire research. We applied the Random Forests modelling approach to explore the main types of wildfire drivers (climate factors, landscape factors and human factors) in three high wildfire density regions (Northeast (NE), Southwest (SW), and Southeast (SE)) of China. The results indicate that climate factors were the main driver of wildfire occurrence in the three regions. Precipitation and temperature significantly impacted the fire occurrence in the three regions due to the direct influence on the moisture content of forest fuel. However, wind speed had important influence on fire occurrence in the SE and SW. The explanation power of the landscape and human factors varied significantly between regions. Human factors explained 40% of the fire occurrence in the SE but only explained less than 10% of the fire occurrence in the NE and SW. The density of roads was identified as the most important human factor driving fires in all three regions, but railway density had more explanation power on fire occurrence in the SE than in the other regions. The landscape factors showed nearly no influence on fire occurrence in the NE but explained 46.4% and 20.6% in the SE and SW regions, respectively. Amongst landscape factors, elevation had the highest average explanation power on fire occurrence in the three regions, particularly in the SW. In conclusion, this study provides useful insights into targeted fire prediction and prevention, which should be more precise and effective under climate change and socio-economic development.
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Triki Damak, Sana. "Gender diverse board and earnings management: evidence from French listed companies." Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 9, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sampj-08-2017-0088.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of board gender diversity on earnings management level and strategy. Design/methodology/approach This study is conducted in the French context where firms are pressured since 2010 to appoint more women on boards. More specifically, this research is based on a sample of 85 companies listed in the SBF120 over 2010-2014. A number of econometric techniques are used including generalized least squares to test the panel regressions. Findings The results suggest that women on boards are effective in their monitoring role. Indeed, the findings show a significant negative effect of board women presence on earnings management practices level. However, there is no empirical evidence that board gender diversity affects the earnings management strategy. Moreover, the results reveal that some control variables influence significantly the earnings management level and strategy. Practical implications The findings support the efforts made by French political bodies to increase gender diversity on corporate boards, and might inspire political actors of other countries to take initiatives to regulate the promotion of women’s appointment on boards of directors. Social implications This paper contributes to the issue of discrimination against women in law and in practice. Indeed, the findings highlight the beneficial effects of women participation in power and decision-making positions. Originality/value This research contributes to the debate around gender diversity on boards. Most prior studies that have analyzed the relationship between gender diversity and earnings management were conducted in a voluntary context of appointing women on boards. This paper extends prior research by addressing this issue differently and in a regulated context: where the government set mandatory quotas for female board representation.
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DAMMERS, A. J., and S. RADELAAR. "Simulation of Polycrystalline Film Growth." International Journal of Modern Physics C 02, no. 01 (March 1991): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183191000391.
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Thin solid films deposited from a vapour phase may exhibit a variety of morphological features. In the surface-diffusion dominated regime (no recrystallization) columnar structures with preferential crystallographic orientations develop, a phenomenon which has been frequently observed experimentally and which was explained qualitatively many years ago. We performed simulations of a two-dimensional model of such a system, consisting of randomly oriented squares, growing from a line. As a new result we find, that the characteristic length scale <Δx> of the growing surface (average edge length projected on the substrate) diverges as a function of time according to a power law <Δx>~tp, with p≈0.52.
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Cerniglia, Ken, and Aubrey Lynch. "Embodying Animal, Racial, Theatrical, and Commercial Power in The Lion King." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2011 (2011): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0149767711000234.
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Disney stories and characters have delighted international audiences for nearly nine decades, but as The Walt Disney Company has sought to reach new markets in the twenty-first century, Disney's live theatrical productions have served a unique and powerful ambassadorial function in which body and representation play vital roles. In 1997, Julie Taymor's production of The Lion King, which is inspired by several cultural traditions, opened on Broadway to critical and popular acclaim. The musical has since been translated into six languages and has played in over a dozen productions around the world.While the characters are animals, The Lion King is a human fable, and Taymor was determined that audiences see the fictional animals and real, live humans at the same time–what she termed the “double event.” With her unique vision as a guide, she enlisted an international creative team: film co-director Roger Allers and co-writer Irene Mecchi as book writers, Rhodesia-born Brit Richard Hudson as set designer, Michael Curry as puppet co-designer, Garth Fagan as choreographer, and a handful of diverse composers and lyricists to create the score–Elton John and Tim Rice, Lebo M, Hans Zimmer, Mark Mancina, and Taymor herself.Despite consciously postmodern, internationalist, and postcolonial aims–which have earned both economic and political rewards–the creative process, product, and reception have not arrived without challenges, complications, and criticism. This paper examines how The Lion King attempts to harness animal, racial, theatrical, and commercial power for diverse audiences in a global age.
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Karmazin, R., A. Koch, R. Matz, R. Männer, W. Metzger, and A. Wolff. "Dielectrics for Power Capacitors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2015, CICMT (September 1, 2015): 000015–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-ta11.
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High voltage capacitors are key components for transient storage and release of electrical energy in mobile electric devices, electric vehicles, stationary power systems and power transmission. Due to their high electric breakdown voltage, self-healing capability and affordability, polymer-based film capacitors are widely used, particularly those made from biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). Their maximum operating temperature near 100°C, however, requires careful thermal management and oversize design. In high temperature applications well above 200°C, the preference shifts from organic to ceramic dielectric materials. Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) are known for their excellent mechanical and thermal robustness, have a mature fabrication technology and have found a wide spectrum of applications in power electronic systems. Their higher cost level is frequently over-compensated by their robustness, a unique selling point particularly in high temperature applications. The present investigation deals with the suitability of various ceramic materials like mica, several high and low temperature sinterable tapes (HTCC, LTCC) as well as atmospheric plasma-sprayed (APS) alumina under such conditions. Aspects of manufacturability and component design are taken into account as well. Dielectric materials performance is particularly addressed by high temperature impedance spectroscopy up to several hundred °C to minimize further self heating of the components above the operating temperature. Although these materials, commercial as well as non-commercial ones, were originally developed for either electric or high temperature applications, the analysis suggests promising materials choices also in cases, when both requirements come together. Although dissipation factors obtained from capacitive test structures cover a wide range, capacitors made from pure alumina (HTCC) generally have lower dielectric loss at all temperatures than those made from glass-ceramic composites (LTCC). Quite diverse properties are obtained with APS alumina, which would represent a promising fabrication alternative due to the possible solid deposition on metal surfaces.
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H. Jasim, Shaymaa, Wisam Alhassan, and Ziyad T. Almalki. "Egg Shell powder reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composite: Effect of mechanical and heat capacity." Al-Qadisiyah Journal Of Pure Science 25, no. 3 (June 18, 2020): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29350/qjps.2020.25.3.1109.
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The mechanical properties of Polypropylene (PP): Egg Shell powder composite was assessed with respect to the effect of filler content shells powder Egg varying from 1% to 10% by weight of the composite. Apparent amelioration in the mechanical parameters has recorded best ratios 5% and 7% weight. The mechanical properties of prepared film have examined through diverse parameters concerning the elastic deformity based on calculated the load – elongation properties. The conduct of the stress - strain curve was investigated in terms of the cold drawing model. The elastic behavior decreased at 5% composite Egg Shell powder. The specific heat capacity of Polypropylene, obvious an increase of the composite specific heat capacity using egg shell content.
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Wukich, Jacqueline Jarosz. "The impact of CEO power on different measures of environmental disclosure: Evidence from U.S. firms." Corporate Ownership and Control 18, no. 1, Special Issue (2020): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i1siart15.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate if the detriment to environmental (E) disclosures as a result of a chief executive officer’s (CEO) power is different for outcome versus intention-oriented disclosure characteristics. This paper creates four measures to capture the diverse nature of E disclosures that vary in the degree of accountability and comparability they provide: a) qualitative, b) quantitative, c) effectiveness, and d) effort. Seemingly unrelated regression is used on a sample of over 2,200 U.S. publicly traded companies. Findings suggest that the relationship between CEO power and E disclosures is not uniform. Powerful CEOs suppression of the most comparable outcome-based environmental disclosures (effectiveness) is greater than the suppression of other environmental disclosures. This is a particularly relevant relationship given shifts in corporate priorities as demonstrated by the proliferation of impact investing, the growth in E reporting, and the CEO’s stated commitment to maximizing stakeholder wealth that was discussed at the August 2019 Business Roundtable
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Deschamps, Jeffrey R. "Characterization of chitin preparations using powder and film X-ray diffraction methods." Powder Diffraction 28, no. 1 (March 2013): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715612000978.
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Chitin is a natural polysaccharide found in many diverse phyla and almost always occurs in association with protein. In this study the chitin polymer is characterized by X-ray diffraction from its naturally occurring unprocessed state through various steps used in the purification procedure. In addition, the effect of different treatments on the final product is examined. These studies show that native chitin has a characteristic diffraction pattern that is not altered by the mild treatments used to isolate relatively pure chitin. Chitins prepared from different sources exhibit the same characteristic diffraction pattern. In addition, chitin films prepared using non-degrading solvents retain most of the characteristic patterns. De-acylation of chitin to produce chitosan results in large changes to the diffraction pattern. To a very limited extent features present in the diffraction pattern of native chitin can be recovered by re-acylation of chitosan.
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Knauss, Stefanie. "Religion and Film." Brill Research Perspectives in Theology 4, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 1–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683493-12340009.
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Abstract Is cinema evil, or sacramental? Can films make theological contributions? Can film-viewing be a religious practice? How do films, values and power interact? The study of film and religion engages a range of diverse questions through different approaches and methods. In this contribution, I distinguish three complementary approaches. In the first section, I discuss those that focus on the film as text, the representation of religion in film, and how theology happens in film. The next section will broaden this perspective by taking into consideration how films affect audiences, and how the relationship between film and audience might have religious dimensions or serve religious functions. In the third section, attention to the text and the audience are combined with the consideration of both film and religion as agents in cultural processes in order to think about how film and religion are shaped by and shape value systems and ideologies. In the last section I will begin to tackle the difficult question of theory and method. I consciously postpone this part until the end because, in many cases, methodologies and theoretical frameworks are implied in and emerge from concrete case studies rather than being consciously reflected upon. This final section has two goals: it will make explicit some of these underlying assumptions to serve as a starting point for a more sustained reflection on the theories and methodologies of the field, and it will highlight some of the pitfalls we encounter if we are not methodologically and theoretically precise in our work.
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Malozemoff, A. P., T. K. Worthington, R. M. Yandrofski, and Y. Yeshurun. "Macroscopic Magnetic Properties of High Temperature Superconductors: Effect of a Pinning Barrier Distribution." International Journal of Modern Physics B 02, no. 05 (October 1988): 1293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979288001141.
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The magnetic properties of YBaCuO crystals are strongly affected by thermally activated flux creep over pinning barriers. Here the effect of a power-law distribution of pinning barriers is explored. The critical current density is predicted to have a power-law dependence on the reduced temperature difference approaching the transition temperature T c and a logarithmic dependence on the timescale of the measurement. The dependence of the critical current on the measurement time provides a possible explanation of the disparity between the critical current measured in thin film transport experiments and J c obtained from magnetic data. Also, in contrast to some earlier theory, the normalized logarithmic time derivative of the remanent magnetization is shown to not diverge near T c , irrespective of the pinning barrier distribution.
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Bakayoko, M., A. Fall, I. Ngom, J. Sackey, B. D. Ngom, P. D. Tall, and M. Maaza. "Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in Powder and in Thin Film using Corn Husk Extract via Green Chemistry." MRS Advances 5, no. 21-22 (2020): 1083–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.98.
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Abstract:In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in powder and in thin film were successfully synthesized first time using an eco-friendly, simple and cost effective green synthesis method mediated by corn husk (Zea mays) extract as an effective chelating agent, and zinc nitrate hexahydrate as precursor. Diverse characterizations techniques such as High Resolution – Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM), Energy Dispersive X- rays Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Rays Diffraction (XRD), and UV – Vis – NIR spectroscopy as well as Photoluminescence (PL) were investigated to confirm ZnO NPs nature. For the ZnO NPs powder, highly crystalline ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) annealed at 500°C which are 48.635 nm in particles size were characterised by HR-SEM and XRD analysis. The structure morphology and the constituents of the resultant ZnO powder were investigated respectively by HR-SEM and EDS. UV – Visible spectroscopy analysis was investigated on the optical band gap of ZnO NPs, which was calculated to be 3.31 eV. This result indicates that ZnO NPs can be used in metal oxide semiconductor-based devices. For the ZnO NPs thin film, XRD patterns of hexagonal wurtzite structure with c/a ratio about of 1.60 and μ – parameter of 0.38 were obtained. PL measurements showed a broad emission band in the 380 – 800 nm range, centred at 481 nm. ZnO NPs thin film yielded relatively more intense photoluminescence spectra than the ZnO NPs powder. The intrinsic point defects and defect level transitions responsible for the broad emission are discussed.
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Terjesen, Siri, and Amanda Elam. "Transnational Entrepreneurs‘ Venture Internationalization Strategies: A Practice Theory Approach." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 33, no. 5 (September 2009): 1093–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00336.x.
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How do entrepreneurs working across multiple countries leverage individual experiences and institutional environments to pursue international markets? This research utilizes Bourdieu's theory of practice as a sensitizing framework to explore transnational entrepreneurs‘ internationalization strategies. Four case studies reveal the ways in which transnational entrepreneurs rely on diverse sets of resources—economic, social, cultural, and symbolic capital—to navigate multiple institutional environments—cultural repertoires, social networks, legal and regulatory regimes, and power relations—when making strategic decisions about internationalization. Transnational entrepreneurs are uniquely positioned to internationalize directly and, in many cases, as an intermediary for local firms. As such, transnational entrepreneurs pursue a modern middleman role that transcends the multiple institutional environments in which they are embedded.
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Mannix, Elizabeth, and Margaret A. Neale. "What Differences Make a Difference?" Psychological Science in the Public Interest 6, no. 2 (October 2005): 31–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-1006.2005.00022.x.
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SUMMARY—As the workplace has become increasingly diverse, there has been a tension between the promise and the reality of diversity in team process and performance. The optimistic view holds that diversity will lead to an increase in the variety of perspectives and approaches brought to a problem and to opportunities for knowledge sharing, and hence lead to greater creativity and quality of team performance. However, the preponderance of the evidence favors a more pessimistic view: that diversity creates social divisions, which in turn create negative performance outcomes for the group. Why is the reality of diversity less than the promise? Answering this requires understanding a variety of factors, including how diversity is defined and categorized, and the moderating as well as mediating processes that affect the diversity–process–performance linkage. We start with a definition. The word diversity has been used to refer to so many types of differences among people that the most commonly used definition—“any attribute that another person may use to detect individual differences” (Williams & O'Reilly, 1998, p. 81)—while accurate, is also quite broad. As a result, various categorization schemes based on factors such as race or gender, or based on proportions such as the size of the minority, have been used to further refine the definition of diversity in teams. The choices researchers have made in using these categorization schemes, however, do lead to particular tradeoffs. Factor approaches, for example, allow an examination of multiple types of diversity and the interactions among them but ignore the sizes of factions and subgroups. Proportional approaches allow the consideration of minority-group size, and hence the study of issues such as tokenism, but also tend to focus on only one type of diversity and thereby overestimate its relevance relative to other types. The underlying effects of diversity, whichever way it is defined and categorized, have typically been understood through three primary theoretical perspectives: the similarity–attraction paradigm, self- and social categorization, and information processing. These approaches also have their biases. The predictions of similarity–attraction theory are straightforward: Similarity on attributes such as attitudes, values, and beliefs will facilitate interpersonal attraction and liking. Empirical research has supported that surface-level similarity tends to predict affiliation and attraction. The similarity–attraction paradigm was developed to understand dyadic relationships. Yet, individuals can express preferences for membership in particular groups even when they have had no prior social interaction with members of that group. This is primarily a cognitive process of categorization: Individuals are postulated to have a hierarchical structure of self-categorizations at the personal, group, and superordinate levels. Research has demonstrated that the specific categories on which we tend to focus in categorizing others—such as race, gender, values, or beliefs—are likely to be those that are the most distinctive or salient within the particular social context. The act of social categorization activates differential expectations for in-group and out-group members. This distinction creates the atmosphere for stereotyping, in which out-group members are judged more stereotypically than in-group members are. The self-categorization/social-identity and similarity–attraction approaches both tend to lead to the pessimistic view of diversity in teams. In these paradigms, individuals will be more attracted to similar others and will experience more cohesion and social integration in homogeneous groups. The information-processing approach, by contrast, offers a more optimistic view: that diversity creates an atmosphere for enhancing group performance. The information-processing approach argues that individuals in diverse groups have access to other individuals with different backgrounds, networks, information, and skills. This added information should improve the group outcome even though it might create coordination problems for the group. As we disentangle what researchers have learned from the last 50 years, we can conclude that surface-level social- category differences, such as those of race/ethnicity, gender, or age, tend to be more likely to have negative effects on the ability of groups to function effectively. By contrast, underlying differences, such as differences in functional background, education, or personality, are more often positively related to performance—for example by facilitating creativity or group problem solving—but only when the group process is carefully controlled. The majority of these effects have typically been explained in terms of potential mediators such as social integration, communication, and conflict. However, the actual evidence for the input–process–output linkage is not as strong as one might like. Clarifying the mixed effects of diversity in work groups will only be possible by carefully considering moderators such as context, by broadening our view to include new types of diversity such as emotions and networks, and by focusing more carefully on mediating mechanisms. As we delve into advice for organizational teams to enhance the assets of diversity and manage the liabilities, we focus on the benefits of “exploring” as opposed to “exploiting” types of tasks, of bridging diversity through values and goals, and of enhancing the power of the minority. Finally, we end with suggestions for how organizations can learn to create incentives for change within the firm.
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Alon, Ilan, Michèle Boulanger, Everlyne Misati, and Melih Madanoglu. "Are the parents to blame? Predicting franchisee failure." Competitiveness Review 25, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-10-2014-0034.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to show how franchisor characteristics influence franchisee failure. To achieve this aim, we developed a heuristic model using the methodology and power of predictive analytics. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use data from the World Franchising Council’s and from the Small Business Administration (SBA). The data cover 271 diverse USA franchise chains that are present in both databases. Findings – The model predicts potential defaults of SBA-backed loans issued to American franchisees, and the authors identify 13 variables that help explain franchisee failure. Practical implications – The authors offer guidance for stakeholder groups – lenders, franchisors and franchisees – to minimize the risk of lending and business failure. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the franchising literature by considering parent firms’ characteristics to predict franchisee failure.
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Abbas, Maisam, Aftab Ahmad, Yasir Kamal, and Hamayoon Shah. "A Solution to Economic Dispatch Problem using Hybrid Particle Chemical Reaction Optimization (HP-CRO) Algorithm." Science Proceedings Series 3, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/sps.v3i1.1918.
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The electrical control request is on stagger due to constant growth in entreaty since manufacturing firms besides ménage. Consequently augmented plus price operational power cohort is the prerequisite of the era. In power classification process plus scheduling the Economic Dispatch (ED) tricky is prevailing and noteworthy some. The ED problematic of several standards is disentangled through consequently sundry conventional and meta-heuristics aggrandizement skills. Now the triumphed investigation exertion, a unique plus innovative aggrandizement way, Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) mongrelised thru Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) system is recommended aimed at the explanation of ED problematic. Generating unit power limits, load fulfillment and prohibited operating zones remain painstaking by way of guarded on behalf of diverse IEEE customary ED muddles. The non-convex economic dispatch hitch is coded at Hybrid Particle Chemical Reaction Optimization (HP-CRO) contrivance then selected the MATLAB environment intended for 50 prosecutions, 50 search agents and 1000 iterations. The offered scheme stands smeared proceeding a number of IEEE usual trial structures counting six, fifteen plus forty engendering parts. The displayed upshots stay coordinated per quantified wont declared hip the articles aimed at directly above trial structures. The costs obtained commencing wished-for modus operandi bounce a superiority toward individuals gained after new practise on one occasion price opinion.
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Pelaez, Victor. "Edith Penrose - Teoria do crescimento da firma." Revista Brasileira de Inovação 6, no. 2 (August 18, 2009): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rbi.v6i2.8648955.
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A recente tradução desta obra para a língua portuguesa é um passo fundamental para a difusão de um trabalho relativamente pouco conhecido no Brasil – nos meios acadêmico e empresarial – que influenciou o pensamento nas áreas de economia e de gestão de empresas, desde a sua primeira publicação em 1959. A sua linguagem simples, que permite uma fácil compreensão aos leitores iniciantes, não perde em profundidade e precisão ao abordar os diferentes aspectos teóricos de um fenômeno tão complexo e diverso como o do crescimento da firma. A participação de Penrose em um projeto de pesquisa sobre o crescimento da firma – coordenado por Fritz Machlup, seu orientador – deu-lhe a oportunidade de realizar uma grande revisão da literatura produzida até então, bem como de realizar um estudo de caso sobre a história do crescimento da empresa Hercules Powder Company. Este estudo, apesar de ter sido publicado posteriormente, em 1960, foi a base principal para a elaboração de sua interpretação teórica sobre o processo de crescimento da firma...
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Cheng, Heng Tong, Zhen Qiang Song, Shijie Zhu, and Kazuhiro Ohyama. "Methods to Improve Energy Conversion Efficiency of Dielectric Elastomer Generators." Key Engineering Materials 804 (May 2019): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.804.63.
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Dielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are based on the electromechanical response of the dielectric elastomer film sandwiched between the compliant electrodes on each side, which are capable of converting mechanical energy from diverse sources (e.g, ocean wave) into electrical energy. In essence, DEG is a voltage up-converter using mechanical energy to increase the electrical energy of the charge on a soft capacitor. We evaluated the effect of input voltage and the pre-stretch ratios on energy conversion efficiency of DEG. With a power supply of 2.2kV and pre-stretch ratio of 2, the maximum net electrical energy density and energy conversion efficiency in a single harvesting cycle were measured to be 413 J/kg and 15.8%, respectively. The experimental results showed that, with the higher input voltage and the larger stretch ratio range, higher the energy conversion performance of DEG can be achieved.
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Lepore, Luigi, Sabrina Pisano, Assunta Di Vaio, and Federico Alvino. "The myth of the “good governance code”: an analysis of the relationship between ownership structure and the comply-or-explain disclosure." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 18, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 809–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-08-2017-0197.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to assess the degree of disclosure about compliance with corporate governance code and the explanations provided by Italian firms and second, to analyze the relationships between this disclosure and different variables of ownership structure.Design/methodology/approachThe sample was composed of 75 non-financial companies listed in Italy in 2016. Content analysis of the corporate governance statement and ordinary least squares (OLS) multiple regression models were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsCompanies tended to comply with the corporate governance code and to disclose this information, but when they decided to not comply, they did not provide adequate explanations. Findings revealed a negative relation between ownership concentration and the disclosure analyzed. Results also highlight that a more equal distribution of shares among larger shareholders is beneficial for disclosure. Moreover, the presence of a dominant financial shareholder at a high level of ownership concentration creates inefficiency of the degree of adherence to the comply-or-explain principle.Originality/valueThis study examines in depth the underexplored issue of “explanation” and exceeds the issue of ownership concentration, which has already been examined extensively, raising the issues of counterweight power and shareholders’ identities, which remain underexplored. In this way, results presented contribute to explaining some causes of the diverse findings that research has found about the relationship between ownership concentration and voluntary disclosure, demonstrating the importance of counterweight power and largest shareholder’s identity. Consequently, when self-regulating initiatives are designed and implemented, legislators, regulators and managers should not ignore the characteristics of the firms’ ownership structure.
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Chaurasia, Sushil S. "I can’t but we can!" Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing 11, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgoss-04-2017-0010.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of goal compatibility on value co-creation in a retailer–manufacturer outsourcing relationship. This paper also examines whether power balance, information symmetry and duration of engagement influence the above causal relationship. Design/methodology/approach The study used a structured questionnaire to test the relationship between goal compatibility and value co-creation through power balance and information symmetry, along with the moderating role of duration of the engagement. The instrument was administered to 230 top and senior management representatives from manufacturing firms located in 11 major Indian industrial cities. Findings Goal compatibility is significantly related to value co-creation. The results had also shown that power balance and information symmetry mediated the relationship between goal compatibility and value co-creation. Research limitations/implications Future researchers should examine these complex phenomena across more diverse industries and settings to enhance generalizability. Data should be gathered from both side of the channel dyad. Data should be also collected longitudinally to extend the current cross-sectional design. Practical implications Understanding the association between goal compatibility and value co-creation, with mediating and moderating factors can provide useful information to strengthen the inter-organizational relationship with maximizing mutual benefits. Originality value This research offers new insights into the links between goal compatibility and value co-creation. The retailers engaged in outsourcing can use these value drivers to understand their manufacturer and their respective priorities for value co-creation.
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Byrne, Peter. "Psychiatry and the media." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 9, no. 2 (March 2003): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.9.2.135.
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Aspects of print, broadcast, film and ‘new media’ are related to their interactions with psychiatry. Frequent representations of mental health issues are paralleled by the adoption of psychological theories into media studies. Key areas are covered where psychiatric items diverge from other medical specialities, such as the depiction of suicide, the dominance of ‘human interest’ stories and negative representation of people with mental illness. Although the language of mental disorders is important, the power of the image needs to be examined. Media items also have implications for public mental health (children as vulnerable viewers) and the clinical practice of psychiatry that are not uniformly negative. Television has limitations and clinicians are encouraged to participate in radio and other media. Resources and practical advice for media contact are provided.
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Chang-Jian, Cai-Wan, Shiuh Ming Chang, and Hsieh-Chung Hsu. "Couple-Stress Fluid Improves Dynamic Response of Gear-Pair System Supported by Journal Bearings." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/527878.
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A systematic analysis of the dynamic behavior of a gear-bearing system with nonlinear suspension, couple-stress fluid flow effect, nonlinear oil-film force, and nonlinear gear mesh force is performed in the present study. The dynamic orbits of the system are observed using bifurcation diagrams plotted using the dimensionless rotational speed ratio as a control parameter. The onset of chaotic motion is identified from the phase diagrams, power spectra, Poincaré maps, Lyapunov exponents and fractal dimension of the gear-bearing system. The numerical results reveal that the system exhibits a diverse range of periodic, subharmonic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic behaviors. The couple-stress fluid would be a useful lubricating fluid to suppress nonlinear dynamic responses and improve the steady of the systems. The results presented in this study provide some useful insights into the design and development of a gear-bearing system for rotating machinery that operates in highly rotational speed and highly nonlinear regimes.
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Wadood, Misbah, Hashim Khan, and Hassan Wadood. "A Dynamic Resourced Based View on Firms Life Cycle Stages and Capital Structure Theories: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Emerging Asian Markets." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-ii).06.
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Dynamic resource-based view is the major inspiration for this study, which signifies the changes in paths and patterns of the evolution in organizational capabilities during its LCS. Using the Dickinson's (2011) firm's LCS, the study determined diverse behavior of traditionally established explanatory variables across stages. For the purpose of analysis GMM model has been used, the study conducted a comparative analysis of developed and emerging markets in Asia. The results showed higher COE capital during introduction and decline stages in emerging markets implying trade-off theory and dynamic resource-based view. Study denies association between COE capital and market-to-book value in developed markets in line with market timing theory Its concluded that COE's explanatory factors evolve across markets and firm's LCS the explanatory power of the general model is much higher when the study included LCS in its main model justifying resource-based view.