Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diversification économique'
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Mania, Élodie. "Diversification du commerce, vulnérabilité et développement économique." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR027.
Full textRecent economic literature and major international organizations are agreed on the virtues of export diversification as a development strategy for developing countries. The consensus has two main sources: the successful experience of the Asian emerging countries on the one hand, and the numerous empirical studies showing positive relationship between diversification and economic growth on the other hand. The consensus is new since the debate was at the center of the controversies between free-trade and structuralist economists in the 1950s. Since Ricardo (1817), the former had been inspired by traditional theories of international trade and advocated free trade and specialization based on a country’s comparative advantages. Conversely, the pioneers of development economics emphasized the need for development policies to introduce distortions into the specialization mechanisms of comparative advantages, as the process of structural change is driven by diversification and export composition. The thesis explores theoretically and empirically the relationship between export diversification and economic development in the present context of globalization. Firstly, the integration of developing countries into global value chains, where countries no longer specialize in the production of a product but in a delimited segment of the production process, questions the relationship. The consequences of the disconnection between a country’s productive structure and its export diversification are analyzed through an extension of Thirlwall’s (1979) post-Keynesian model. The analysis allows us to emphasize the heterogeneity of diversification models of three developing regions, namely sub-Saharan Africa, developing Asia and Latin America. We thereafter attempt to open the black box that constitutes the relationship between export diversification and economic growth. The transmission channels of the relationship will be examined by using the properties of an extended Kaldor-Verdoorn Law that assesses the impact of export diversification on productivity growth and the degree of returns to scale for several countries. Secondly, as far as countries are concerned, the compatibility of export diversification strategy with the environmental challenges is questioned. Our preliminary results suggest that a higher level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is associated with a more diversified export basket. Further investigation from theoretical and empirical analyses demonstrates that the positive effect on CO2 emissions is valid for the upper-middle income and the high-income economies. Finally, we approach export diversification from the perspective of trading partner diversification in a case study on Vietnam. We analyze the country’s growth performance by measuring the contribution of its trading partners to its external constraint in a multi-country balance of payments constrained growth model. The study case questions the macroeconomic resilience and the virtues of a development model driven exclusively by international trade nowadays
Bikomen, Magloire. "Diversification sectorielle et intégration intersectorielle dans une économie sous-industrialisée : l'exemple camerounais." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010020.
Full textWhen we look at the history of the birth and evolution of nations, we will notice that there are two possible choices in matters of their development; namely selfsufficiencey and integration. The former being altained by the end of twentieth century. The integration of the world economic system remains unique, indeed a means that is vital and cannot be over looked in the atteinment of the social and economic goals of big and small nations alike. However, it is the method of integrating the national economy rather than the membership in a world economic organization that will determine the degree of development of these nations. In others words, if the exist both developed and undeveloped nations it is for the simple reason that these exists are good and bad integration. In that which relates to the Cameroon, it is a matter of an integration of agroexports. Its particularity is to say, she can only be subjected to the laws of a world economic system that are not her advantage. So to permit the creation of a internal market and the process of stocking at a local leval it has ahow a political will of development; and this will has to be sufficiently strong to reduce the lock of attention to the internal production system by the integration of the rural sector into the modern sector; and to assure the revival of the national economy
Majdoub, Jihed. "Diversification internationale, comportements des investisseurs et effets des crises." Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0476.
Full textThe modern theory of portfolio shows that the investment in foreign assets allows to generate earnings in term of probability which can be superior to those generated market. The principle of international diversification so reduces the risk of the portfolio because of the difference of volability and the low correlation between the returns on assets and on indications of the various markets, what leads to a global volability of an international portfolio more low than that of a portfolio domesticate. Nevertheless, this strategy of international diversification is confronted in a set of frictions. Confronted with them, certain investors show strongly biased preferences whether it is in favour of the domestic assets or the international assets. These ways can so find their origins in the instability of financial centers illustrated by the world crises or in the fact as the preferences
Marchini, Geneviève. "Libéralisation, diversification et internationalisation du système financier mexicain, 1983-1993 : une approche macro-économique." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131002.
Full textThe mexican financial system, the evaluation of the changes introduced by the reforms in its running and at last the impact of these transformations as for the macroeconomic role of the system, are the themes of this thesis. The debate as to the part played by the financial system in the process of economic growth gives us a general framework in which to work. The interest for this theme, which is already old, has been asserted by the founder works of the financial liberalization approach. Our general conclusion is that the growth of the system, its diversification, its progressive subjection to a market rationality did not fully lead to a better resource allocation (as far as investment and growth are concerned) mainly for reasons linked to the macroeconomic frame and the reform strategy followed, but also for reasons due to the system itself. The results of the reforms contrast with the previsions based on the models of financial liberalization : even if there has been a widening of the system, seen through the financial deepening and the diversification of instruments, it did not lead to a steadier growth; moreover, as soon as the financial markets reopened, the financing of the economy was again, in a new form, under the dependancy of the external funds as it was before 1982. The set of hypotheses built to explain these developments has recourse to three series of explanations : causes of a macroeconomic nature which are due to the interaction of the financial reforms, the stabilization program and the other parts of the reforms, the microeconomic elements, coming from the failures of the financial system and at last, the economic policy measures linked to the mastering of the capital flows and control of the expansion of bank credit
El, Shimy Nermine. "La diversification économique aux Emirats Arabes Unis : le cas des émirats d'Abu Dhabi et Dubai." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC102.
Full textThe abundance of natural resources may represent an opportunity for economic development. However, sucl abundance does not automatically translate into the prosperity of countries. Hydrocarbon-rich countries, as it i the case of the emirates under study, have spared no efforts in the pursuit of economic diversification in orde to avoid the boom-bust cycles associated with the fluctuations of oil prices. The thesis analyzes the comple: processes through which economic diversification takes place in resource-rich economies. The role of th strategies and economic policies the resource-rich countries choose to adopt can transform this richness into curse or a blessing. The thesis explains how the United Arab Emirates have succeeded in avoiding such resource curse through the adoption of tailor-made strategies. The economic boom allowed the UAE leverage its competitive advantage, which led to a diversified and prosperous economy. Abu Dhabi and Duba lead the economic development of the country by adopting strategic tools such as free zones and sovereigi wealth funds. The reasons of the success of the UAE is the adoption of a clear economic diversificatioi strategy supported by government institutions and a regulatory framework and targeting focus sector reflecting the competitive advantage of each of the emirates
Antomarchi, Philippe. "Les barrières à l'entrée en économique industrielle : perspectives théoriques et modélisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX2A003.
Full textYang, Weiyong. "Risques, diversification des activités et développement rural en Chine pendant la période des réformes (1978-2001)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF10278.
Full textThis thesis proposes an analysis on the different trends of diversification in rural China during the reform period (1978-2001). After a detailed review of the national and regional evolution of the three diversification trends, namely crop diversification, agro-forestry diversification and agro-industrial diversification, the thesis explores the different determinants of the diversification, with a particular attention paid to two kinds of factors, commercial and climatic risks and institutional reforms. Empirical analysis with a provincial panel dataset (29 provinces between 1985-2001) shows that the observed diversification is, on one hand, a rationale response to the abundant risks in rural areas, and on the other hand, the result of the many institutional reforms such as the market development. .
Alsif, Anne-Sophie. "La politique de coopération sud sud sous le président Lula : genèse d'un modèle de développement : La diversification des investissements directs étrangers au sein de l'économie brésilienne." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0525.
Full textWhen he came to power in 2003, President Luiz Ignacio Lula Da Silva stated Brazil's desire to strengthen its ties with emerging countries, especially African countries. During his mandate, he implemented a policy of South-South cooperation resulting in strengthening of economic ties, trade policies with other emerging countries. Foreign direct investments (FDI) have for a long time contributed to the growth of the Brazilian economy. The FDI came mainly from OECD countries which, in particular from the United States of America. In this context of capital inflows, emerging countries continue to increase their investment capacities. TO diversify the sources of FDI in Brazil, President Lula sought to attract foreign capital. South-south cooperation remains an effective way to make Brazil attarctive to investors in emerging marlets. In addition, this policy responds to the desire of Brazil to increase its role in the international arena in order to become a real diplomatic power
Golaz, Valérie. "Croissance démographique, pression foncière et diversification économique : une analyse biographique des stratégies de survie à Magenche (Gucha District, Kenya)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002IEPP0003.
Full textLe, Coq Jean-François. "Libéralisation économique au Viêt-Nam, intensification rizicole et diversification : étude du cas de la région d'Ô Môn (Delta du Mékong)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAP0011.
Full textSchinckus, Christophe. "La diversification théorique en finance de marché : vers de nouvelles perspectives de l'incertitude : étude de la contribution de la finance comportementale et l'éconophysique en matière de modélisation de l'évaluation des actifs financiers." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010072.
Full textSoummane, Salaheddine. "Oil rent and diversification facing climate challenge : The case of Saudi ArabiaRente pétrolière et diversification face au défi climatique : cas de l'Arabie Saoudite." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA012.
Full textThe increasing call for implementing a global and ambitious climate policy is expected to deteriorate economic outlook of oil-dependent countries. Our research work investigates the impact of this global low-carbon transition and the potential mitigation strategies for the largest oil exporter: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We propose an application using an integrated economy-energy-environment modelling framework taking into account salient features of the Saudi economy such as the currency peg and the regulated domestic energy prices.First, using an aggregated representation of the KSA economy, we show that a weaker oil price re-sulting from the global low-carbon transition is associated with a marginally lower growth, large trade surplus accumulation loss, and higher unemployment for the KSA. We analyse what scope the KSA has to mitigate climate policy impacts. We reveal that aligning domestic energy prices with international references and achieving energy efficiency gains increases economic efficiency while improving public budget prospects. This modelling framework allows to investigate scenarios while controlling the modelling macroeconomic specifications.We refine these outlooks in a mulstisector framework that further allows investigating diversifica-tion opportunities within the Saudi Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) and its Vision 2030 program. We conclude that economic diversification into non energy-intensive sectors (manufacture, tourism, and financial services) through increasing exports and import substitution, in addition to targeting fiscal adjustments of the corporate tax, provide a positive outlook compared with a continuous expansion of energy-intensive activities (minerals, petrochemical, and cement). Indeed, we show that diversification in non-energy intensive sector generates higher growth, and lower unemployment. In addition, under our designed economic diversification plan, the KSA ex-ceeds its climate pledges in terms of targeted CO2 abatement. Nevertheless, the continuous expan-sion of energy-intensive industries is associated with a better outlook for the public debt since the government derives higher revenues from its participation in energy-intensive industries. Finally, we conclude that in our two scenarios, the KSA only partially succeeds in its transition toward a less oil-dependent economy as part of the Vision 2030 program, suggesting that further reforms are to be considered.This thesis contributes to the literature on climate policy implementation and associated economic consequences for fossil-fuel exporters. It provides insights on economic reforms as mitigation strate-gies and could be thus adapted to cover additional countries and fuels
Monier, Pascal. "Diversification des exportations de produits primaires et instabilité des recettes d'exportation des pays en développement." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF10165.
Full textExport earnings instability is an important economic problem for developing countries. Diversification could be a solution for this. It allows to take advantage of compensation opportuneness between export earnings variations of goods, which reduce instability. These phenomena of compensation appeared important between goods with different conditions of production or consumption. They also appeared more important between variations of export prices than between variations of export volumes. All in all, reduction of primary export earnings instability in a country where takes place a middle extent export diversification, has been estimated at 20%. So, most of countries can base reduction policy of instability on diversification. The only exception to this rule concerns countries where exports instability results from export volumes instability, which is due to very unstable macro-economic conditions
Parenty, Sébastien. "Quelle organisation globale de l’amélioration des plantes pour favoriser une diversification des cultures ?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAE009/document.
Full textThis project focuses on innovation in the seed industry, in a context where it is desirable to diversify agricultural production. It is now well recognized that crop diversification is an important leverage for successfully deintensifying agriculture (i.e. limiting the use of fertilizers and pesticides) while maintaining a sufficient level of productivity. The success of this strategy depends, among other things, on the research effort carried out on each species. However, modern agronomy notes on this point that genetic progress on diversification crops (e.g. protein peas, lupins) is lower than that observed on major crops, which constitutes a major brake on diversification.The aim of this thesis in economics is to understand the drivers of R&D investments in the seed sector, and more particularly the arbitrage between investments made on different crops. The literature in industrial organization considers four determinants that encourage firms to invest in R&D: market size, competition, ownership capacity and technological opportunities. We analyse here how these four determinants are likely to lead to the creation of "orphan markets", with a particular focus on the behaviour of multi-product firms and cooperatives.This thesis is structured around 4 chapters: Chapter 1 examines strategiesin product range of firms through an empirical analysis of the French marketover the three years 2001, 2006 and 2011. Chapter 2 is a modelization ofthe economic behaviour of a firm, which may decide to invest or not on two different products. Chapter 3 presents some of the alternative systems to R&D funding that have been found in different countries and are known to be successful. Finally, Chapter 4 compares incentives for innovation in orphan markets when the supplier is either a profit maximizing firm or a cooperative
Kola, Edlira. "Pauvreté paysanne et diversification des ressources dans les campagnes albanaises : L’exemple du littoral nord." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF20022.
Full textAfter more than two decades and following a difficult rupture and transition from communist regime, Albanian rural area and rural households have undergone multiple rapid transformations. While agriculture is facing several limits (the extremely small and fragmented farms, the unresolved issue of land property, the insufficiency of infrastructure, the low access to commercial circuits, etc.), the expectations of rural households in terms of product and service accessibility, well-being and life quality have lead to the emergence of different forms of economic adaptation, mostly through the implementation of activity and income diversification strategies. The trajectories of rural households based on the valorization of agricultural resources or non agricultural alternatives, are analyzed according to their diversity and local context. Family structure represents the organizing and operational foundation of these trajectories. An agri-rural model based on a large specter of agricultural and non-agricultural resources materializes and constantly consolidates
El, Gouddi Sami. "Externalités intra-sectorielles, externalités intersectorielles et spécialisation technologique internationale." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_el_gouddi.pdf.
Full textThis thesis provides a theoretical and empirical literature on the involvement of implicit exchanges of knowledge (or externalities) on the technological performance of countries. Two types of externalities are then considered: those based on ‘’differences’’ and those based on ‘’similarities’’. The theoretical contribution is to construct a model in which externalities difference would act simultaneously with the externalities of similarity. The aim is to show how knowledge spillovers are able to account for several phenomena in one way or another to international specialization in an economy of knowledge. Specifically, the proposed evolutionary model provides a theoretical explanation for the diversification of areas largely neglected in the literature. Empirically, our main work comes in the wake of the geography of innovation. Beyond highlighting the impact of externalities on innovation, our estimates confirm the ability of sectors without comparative advantage (SAC) to generate positive interindustry spillovers. Thus, from ''harmful'' and ''involuntary'' phenomenon, diversification into (SAC) is transformed into a ''beneficial'' and ''intentional'' phenomenon likely to promote proactive policies for capture of externalities. Generally, distinguishing externalities as technological and geographical dimensions, our results allow us to draw the outlines of an efficient innovation policy that takes into account technological complementarities and geographical environment. Thus, our thesis provides an overview of the ''externalities’’ phenomenon It highlights the potential explanatory externalities in understanding the dynamics of international specialization. Similarly, it explains why certain types of externalities act more strongly on innovation than others
Achin, Coralie. "La gouvernance de la diversification comme enjeu de l’adaptation des stations de moyenne montagne : l’analyse des stations de la Bresse, du Dévoluy et du Sancy." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAH022/document.
Full textSki resorts have to adapt themselves because of the evolution of customers’ expectations, the widely publicized alarmist predictions of climate change, and the reduction of public funding help. Mid-elevation ski resorts, or usually those located at an elevation where snow is not guaranteed, are the most concerned with this adaptation. Their future seems to be, at short or mid-term objective, particularly threatened. Their existence is essential for maintaining the mountain economy: for that, diversification emerges as the preferred solution of adaptation. However, questions still exist today such as how to preserve the dynamic of the mountain economy depending of winter activity.Until now, interrogations about nature of diversification have been undertaken, and numerous good practice guides have been created. Nevertheless, the question of implementation is essential. An evolution of the governance is necessary due to both the inclusion of other activities that involve more professionals and an increased tourism area. We suppose that more than being a uniform process, these different factors lead to a specification of resorts’ trajectories which are impacted both by endogenous and exogenous factors.Constituting a finalized research, this thesis aims to analyze the evolution of the spatial governance and thechange of ski resort governance into diversification governance. For that, we focus on two levels of analyses: an intermediate level has enabled us to question the politics adopted by the different local governments thanks to the mobilization of a theoretical corpus attached to political science. The other led us to focus us on a local level the nature of relationships between actors inside the same territory, based on the work done in Economics proximities.The intersection of these two approaches enriches our understanding of the mechanisms at the heart of the evolution of the tourism trajectory of resorts. This allowed us to identify the options to stimulate such a renewal of the governance, and in particular to highlight the central role of political action in this dynamic.In accordance with an objective of operationalization of the research results, we have also established a framework to analyze the diversification governance, for land actors such as policy makers
Joya, Mohammad Omar. "Trois essais sur la volatilité macroéconomique, la diversification productive, et les liaisons intersectorielles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0722/document.
Full textIn a series of empirical essays, this thesis looks at the various intertwining aspects of growth volatility and productive diversification in resource-rich countries. In the first chapter, I find that while natural resources adversely affect economic growth by increasing growth volatility, resource-rich countries can offset the volatility-triggering effects of natural resources by diversifying their economies. Countries that start off with more diversified production structure or are able to diversify as they develop are likely to benefit from their resource endowment. In the second chapter, I discuss the fact that resource-rich countries willing to diversify their economies are faced with dual policy options; to either develop resource-based industries, or diversify their economies as a whole into new activities not necessarily dependent on natural resources. The empirical analysis shows that diversification through downstream and forward linkages to mining does not lead to productivity enhancements. However, broadening and diversifying the production structure as a whole offer potentials for productivity growth at higher levels of income. In the third chapter, I look at the relation between diversification and volatility from a production network perspective, composed of input-output linkages across sectors. I find that the location of a sector within the production network and its influence on other sectors have conflicting effects on the risk that sectoral shocks lead to aggregate volatility. Sectors that are located in dense parts of the network have a mitigating effect on aggregate volatility via substitution effects, while those that are more influential and central in a strongly asymmetrical network generate aggregate fluctuations via contagion effects and inter-industry linkages. These suggest that the distribution and the network structure of inter-industry linkages play an important role into how diversification conditions the impact of idiosyncratic shocks on aggregate volatility
Moisan-De, Serres Annabelle. "Mise en valeur des produits forestiers non ligneux dans une optique de développement socio-économique : le cas de la Première Nation des Innus Essipit." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26538.
Full textThe development of non-timber forest products (NTFP) is often presented as one of the elements that can contribute to economic diversification of forest dependent regions. However, only few projects have studied how to promote these products in a way that is economically and socially sustainable. We have carried out a case study with the Innu First Nation of Essipit in order to develop two strategies to promote the community’s NTFP : picking in managed forests and recreotourism. The methodology developed for the picking in managed forest strategy confirms that compatible management of forests for timber and non-timber values is feasible. A survey conducted on the tourism customers of Entreprises Essipit revealed that there is a high interest for activities related to recreotourism. The potential to develop a NTFP industry under these strategies exists, but validations will be necessary in order to continue on this path and insure a promotion that will be economically and socially sustainable.
Sarr, Omar. "Aire marine protégée, gestion halieutique, diversification et développement local : Le cas de la Réserve de Biosphère du Delta du Saloum (Sénégal)." Brest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BRES6001.
Full textThis thesis studies the problem of fishery management in marine protected area (MPA), accounting for a global economic system affected by structural modifications and for different management criteria. The case of study is the Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve (RBDS) in Senegal. A survey shows that the population activities are mainly diversified to agriculture, fishing and tourism. An econometric analysis indicates that demography, dryness and the fall in the price of groundnut on the world market are the main reasons for the agricultural crisis in this area. This crisis supports diversification towards fishing. A theoretical model studying this process shows that the development of a new activity based on nonextractive use of natural resources, such as ecotourism, helps reducing unemployment and generates a positive yield even if the fishing rent is completely dissipated. A third model indicates that the creation of new protected areas, as under consideration in the RBDS, can, in certain circumstances, develop fishing employment, improve resources conservation and support ecotourism development
Boulanin, Vincent. "De la défense à la sécurité : aspects économiques et enjeux politiques de la diversification des firmes européennes d’armement dans le domaine de la sécurité." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0161.
Full textThis dissertation deals with the geopolitical causes, the economic aspects and the political consequences of the diversification of the European arms industry into the realm of security. The objective was to study the so-called “defence-security continuum” at the industry level. The thesis is that arms producers are not only reacting to a growing demand for security goods and services, they actively take part in the definition and implementation of security policies to the extent that they can shape public demand for the latter. The argument is based on an original approach that combines the empiricism of the literature on arms production with the reflexivity of the constructivist literature on security policies in the IR discipline. Section I explains why arms producers had to diversify into the security realm in order to cope with the post-9/11 order. They had to find new growth drivers and they had to reinvent their legitimacy in a context where the landmarks of the defence community were eroding. Section II present empirical evidence on the diversification of the arms industry into the realm of security and analyse to what extent this is a complex phenomenon that cannot be analysed only through the opposition civil/military. Section III consists of two cases studies on border security and cyber-security; both show how arms produced have expanded their influence on the definition and implementation of public security policies
Al, Khemeiri Majed Khamis. "Planification stratégique et développement durable : quel futur pour les Émirats Arabes Unis ?" Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL087.
Full textIn 2013, the economy of the United Arab Emirates is still far to be entirely dependent from the exploitation of hydrocarbons. The thesis proposes to study, in the global context, the development of the emirates economy, the methods of elaboration and implementation of this sustainable development policy, which appears indispensable for the pursuit of growth. On the other hand, the environmental conditions of these urban Gulf societies, established on fragile coastlines or in desert territories, make it necessary to respect natural balances whose destruction could render harmful the pursuit of development. In addition, the exploitation of hydrocarbon reserves must now support the diversification of the economy by promoting economic sectors to transform energy into marketing products. The issue tackled by the research focuses on the context in which, within the societies of the various emirates that constitute the federation, the conditions for the establishment of sustainable development can be created. It is about questioning the forces that can support sustainable development policies and support the investments needed to achieve this ambition. The work will consist in proposing an analysis of the current economic dynamics, the differences between the various emirates and the different sectors in each emirate, and to study the perspectives for the realization of the sustainable development policies as they are projected today in the strategic, general or sectorial planning documents
Didier, Laurent. "Commerce Sud-Sud et "nouvelle" géographie du commerce international : le rôle des économies émergentes." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0020/document.
Full textThis thesis emphasises five aspects of relations between South-South trade and « new » geography of international trade. We particularly pay attention to the links between BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) but also between China and SSA. The first part attempts to demonstrate some characteristics concerning the mutation of South-South trade relations. In the Chapter 1, the heterogeneity of BRICs is confirmed from some factors of bilateral trade flows with SSA. In the Chapter 2, the South-South trade flows play a significant role in the geographic diversification of intra-African trade in terms of new trading partners. In the Chapter 3, the assumption of a trade reorientation of ex-colonies since independence with China at the expense of former colonial powers has been empirically validated. The second part studies the linkages between the foreign economic policy and South-South trade. The findings of the Chapter 4 highlight the significant impact of the « One China policy » on Chinese and Taiwanese trade flows through the economic diplomacy. The estimates of the Chapter 5 confirm the heterogeneous average effects but also over time of the African trade agreements on trade according to the nature of trading partners, the kinds of trade agreements and their overlapping
Breitbach, Aurea Correa de Miranda. "Une dynamique régionale fondée sur la diversification industrielle." Paris 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333287.
Full textPham, Thanh thao. "Stratégies de survie et de croissance dans un contexte de turbulence.Le cas des petites et moyennes entreprises dans le photovoltaïque." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC1020.
Full textThe overall objective of this thesis is to investigate the survival capacities of actors operating in the photovoltaic industry, that is to say, in a fragmented segment of a value chain whose end-markets experienced turbulence. I intend to contribute to a better understanding of the diversification strategy of: (1) smaller and private firms; (2) non-or-low-tech companies; (3) in a specific economic environment (i.e. the context of turbulence). I conducted interviews and realized a quantitative study of 103 firms.The contributions are threefold.First, I propose a new taxonomy of industrial diversification based on the frontier of an industry and a market. Four possibilities derive from the intersection of intra- and inter-industry diversification: (1) single-business enterprises; (2) intra-industry diversifiers; (3) inter-industry diversifiers in two industries; and (4) inter-industry diversifiers in more than two industries.Second, I identify four business models that derive from these four strategies, which allows me to argue that there can only be a limited number of business models in an industry.Finally, this study identifies two factors impacting a firm’s survival capabilities and growth performance of SMEs in the medium term resulting in four growth performances: (1) the managers’ business horizon focus, and (2) timing of business responses. The results show four trajectories of firm performance. Moreover, while higher performers are more inclined to engage in retrenchment strategies that reduce their overall performance, lower performers tend to invest large amounts, resulting in a better performance. It results in a homogenization of firm performance over time
Thomä, Jakob. "Optimal diversification and the transition to net zero : a methodological framework for measuring climate goal alignment of investor portfolios." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1177.
Full textThe thesis seeks to develop a framework to measure the alignment of financial portfolios with climate goals, taking as point of departure both traditional modern portfolio theory and financial risk analysis frameworks, as well as climate science. It represents the first attempt to develop science-based benchmarks for financial portfolios. The framework uses as the starting point the concept of ‘optimal diversification’ based on the modern portfolio theory and efficient market hypothesis. Under this theory, optimal strategies involve buying the ‘market portfolio’. It posits that a 2°C aligned, science-based portfolio strategy is not aligned with such a strategy. Such a science-based portfolio strategy, in turn, may make sense for financial institutions that consider multiple objectives (e.g. financial and non-financial) or financial institutions that think markets are mispricing financial risks associated with the transition to a low-carbon economy and that associated low-carbon, or 2°C aligned strategies can outperform the market. Under the assumption that the transition to a low-carbon economy presents a risk factor, for which the thesis provides a range of theoretical evidence, portfolio strategies can seek to buy the ‘2°C market’ by managing ‘optimal diversification’ to the 2°C aligned technology set, in addition to managing sector exposures. The model thus extends the logic of diversification to reduce risk, intrinsic to the modern portfolio theory, from asset class to sector and technology level.Following the development of the model, a range of insurance companies, asset managers, and portfolio managers tested the model. In total, over 250 institutional investors have applied the model to date. In addition, the model has been tested on around 10,000 funds. Moreover, two European central banks have applied the model internally as part of 2°C scenario analysis of their regulated entities (pension funds and insurance companies). As part of a feedback survey with 25 investors, 88% said the framework was equally or more relevant than existing climate assessments, and 88% said they were likely or very likely to use the methodology moving forward
Yang, Xi. "Essais sur la stabilité du secteur bancaire : analyses sur données comptables des banques américaines." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100169.
Full textThe 2007-2009 global financial crisis reveals the fragility of modern banking sector and the flaws in bank regulation. In the wake of the crisis, an important number of reforms are carried out: enhancement of micro-prudential regulation, introduction of macro-prudential instruments and separation of activities. In this context, this thesis, using detailed information on the U.S. banking sector, tries to explain bank vulnerability by their financial characteristics and organizational structure. Then the thesis analyzes the efficiency of some new regulatory instruments. Our findings are the following: 1) Banks adopting an aggressive business model in economic boom and banks funded massively with instable liabilities are more likely to fail. A healthy (well-capitalized and profitable) bank holding company is a source of strength for its bank subsidiaries. These findings support the introduction of the countercyclical capital buffer and of the requirements on liquidity in the Basel III framework. 2) A high degree of diversification across different banking activities is associated with important risk reduction benefits while the expansion in non-traditional activities seems to make banks more vulnerable. This indicates the necessity of structural reform for certain universal banks. 3) The leverage ratios are more efficient in predicting failures of large banks than the risk-weighted capital ratio whereas the two types of capital ratios predict the failures of small banks as well as each other. These findings go in line with the reinforcement of regulation on systemically important banks
Véry, Philippe. "Stratégie de diversification : étude de l'impact des facteurs de cohérence sur la réussite de la diversification dans sept grandes entreprises industrielles françaises." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX32035.
Full textAfter a study of the strategic theory of diversification, we built a theoretical model of diversification success. An empirical research then was made, which showed one strategic key of success : relatedness. Relatedness can be found at 2 levels. Managerial relatedness is concerned with the managerial competencies that are common to the activity of diversificatio and to core acticities of the firm. Fonctional relatedness means the ressources and fonctional competencies that are complementary between these activities, so that their complementarity reinforces the competitive advantages of the firm in its activities. Common resources and same managerial competencies are key factors of success of diversification. These results of our empirical research agree with our model of success
Sanfilippo, Gilles. "Test empirique du phénomène de diversification temporelle." Grenoble 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE2A002.
Full textHoang, Thi hong Van. "Le marché parisien de l'or de 1941 à 2009 : histoire et finance." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0503/document.
Full textThe monetary law of September 1939 forbids possession, trade, import and export of gold in France. Aclandestine market was then created in 1941 and operates until January 1948. The law of February 2nd, 1948turned back the liberty to the gold trade in France. Thus, an official market was opened at the Paris StockExchange. After 56 years of existence, it was closed in July 2004. Since then, the gold market in France is anover the counter market where price is fixed by the Compagnie Parisienne de Réescompte. In spite of this veryrich history, the Paris Gold Market from 1941 has never been studied scientifically before. In order to explorethis market, our thesis is divided in two distinct parts. The first one concerns the historical analysis. We presentthe evolution of the market in parallel with the historical events which describe it by different natures: aclandestine market from 1941 to 1948 (chapter 1), an official market from 1948 to 2004 (chapters 2 and 3) andan over the counter market from 2004 until now (chapter 4). The second part of the thesis analyzes the financialaspects of the Paris gold market. The results of the chapter 5 show that the efficient market hypothesis seems notto be validated. In the chapter 6, we find that gold quoted at Paris (ingot and napoleon coin) are less profitablethan stocks in the long-term. Nevertheless, they have the same level of risk than these latters and are four timesmore risky than bonds. Contrarily to the Anglo-Saxon literature, we find, in the chapter 7, that gold is not a goodhedge against inflation in France. At the same time, gold quoted at Paris is favorable in the diversification ofFrench portfolios only in the periods when its price has an upward trend
Nasiriyar, Maryam. "Technological platforms, business diversification and performance." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32075.
Full textThe thesis comprises three essays which examine firm behavior in the exploitation of their technological resources. It explains how the firm can drive value of their technological knowledge assets as a platform to improve innovative and economic performance and to develop new businesses. In the first essay (chapter two), I examine the impact of their properties of technological knowledge base on firm's innovative performance in the semiconductor industry from 1968 to 2002. I characterize the organization of the knowledge base, based on the nature of relatedness between knowledge components, complmentarities and similarities. The results suggest that coherence, as the overall level of complementarity between components makes a positive contribution to innovative capabilities, while cohesion, which stands for the overall level of similarity of components, generally has the opposite impact. However, in unfamiliar situations, where the firm engages in activities, cohesion is found to be beneficial for innovations. The main contribution, therefore, is to emphasize that beshond the diversity of technological knowledge and the intensity R&D, the nature of relatedness between knowledge components in the context of application is a key determinant of innovative performance. In the second essay (chapter three), I analyse how firms can take advantage of their technological resources as a platform to diversify into new markets. While technological resources and competencies are widely accepted to be a basis for related business diversification, few works have identified or analysed their characteristics in order to explain why such resources often determine diversification decisions. Chapter 3 proposes that the potential productive services underlying technological resources can be characterized in two dimensions: the level of applicability of technologies in new contexts and their potential complementarities when combined. Using a sample of the world's largest manufacturing companies, the study demonstrates that both potential productive services explain the likelihood of market entry and provide platforms for business development. However, the exploitation of complementary technologies is subject to decreasing returns. There is a curvilinear relationship with the propensity to diversify and the value of diversification for complementary technogies which diminishes over time. Chapter 4 completes the idea by studying the importance of firms' capability to combine technological components in productive configuration i. E. Combinative capability, as a source of heterogeneity in diversified firms. It explores the moderating impact of combinative capability on the relationship between diversification and firms' economic performance in a sample of 111 world's largest manufactures in 1979-2003. Regression results show that firms can mitigate the negative impact of diversification on productivity by exploiting effective technological combinations and enforcing their combinative capabilities. However this effect of combinative capability is depreciable suggesting that when a firm continues to diversify into new business lines, the performance increase due to greater combinative capability does not last long
Ganidis, Basile. "La diversification de la production de l'entreprise : mesures, historique stratégique, performances et structures : étude empirique sur les 48 plus grandes sociétés industrielles françaises." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131015.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to clarify the underlying motives for and the results of french firms' diversification strategies. An empirical study on a sample of the 48 largest french industrial firms (1984 classification) was carried out in order to test a number of hypotheses. The tests were made using the following basic data:. Additions and abondonments of two-digit activites (nap classification) between the date of establishment of firms and 1984;. Breakdown of turnover for 1970, 1977 and 1984 by two-digit ans four-digit activities (nap classification);. Constituent elements of the financial balance sheets and profit ratios (1987-1984); the data was established after processing of information amassed from various sources (annual reports and documentation presentinf the historical background of firms, press articles and other publications). .
Phi, Minh Hong. "Déterminants de la causalité entre le développement financier et le commerce international." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR067.
Full textMajor changes in international trade related to the crucial participation of emerging countries inworld markets have been challenging the traditional perception of trade. Instead of only specializing inthe products in which they have a comparative advantage, developing countries consider export diversificationas an alternative way to improve economic growth and reduce external adverse shocks. Besides,the global financial crisis in 2008 raised the need for an examination of the relationship between realexchange rate (RER) and trade.In this line, this thesis attempts to investigate the causal link between export diversification andRER in the middle-income countries. Firstly, we find a bidirectional causality between our two variablesof interest. By differentiating the countries’ exports by destination, the same bidirectional link isrecorded in the case of South-North trade, while a unidirectional causality running from RER to exportdiversification is recorded in the South-South trade.Secondly, we compare this relationship between two groups of countries, Asia versus Latin America,and the effect of the two financial crises (in 1997 and 2008) on this link. We show that, regardlessof the financial crises, the bidirectional causality exists for the Latin American countries and the conventionallink from RER to export diversification for Asian countries. However, when accounted forfinancial crises, the bidirectional causality is found in both subgroups.Thirdly, we address the question of the effect of export diversification on price elasticity of importsin two models of integration in the Pacific-Rim, that is: the traditional model (the US) and a new modelof integration (China). We find consistent negative price elasticity of imports for China and a positive onein the case of the US. When their trading partners are successful in diversifying their export destinations,import price elasticity of either China or the US becomes very low. This result challenges our awarenessof the Marshall-Lerner condition.Fourthly, to investigate how a country could diversify her exports, we look at real exchange rateshocks as a factor that may promote firm productivity. Using the difference-in-differences methodologyon firm-level data for Vietnamese manufacturing, we find a positive effect of a persistent real appreciationin the Vietnamese dong on firm productivity. We note that research and development (R&D) could explainthe mechanism by which real appreciation improves firm productivity
Vaillant, Véronique. "Les choix de portefeuille internationaux des résidents français." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100034.
Full textStagliano, Raffaele. "Corporate governance, corporate diversification and ownership structure." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10056.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to examine how corporate diversification and ownership structure affect value creation for firms. In Chapter 2, we review the relevant theoretical models in the field of corporate finance. The chapter also summarizes the empirical results found regarding the relationship between corporate diversification, ownership concentration and the firm’s value. In Chapter 3, we extend the analysis of corporate diversification and consider the effects of the interaction of both product and international diversification on a firm. Empirically, this chapter considers the impact of diversification decisions on the capital structure for a sample of Italian manufacturing firms. We find that the interaction of both international and product diversification has a negative impact on debt capacity. Finally, in Chapter 4, we empirically examine the impact of complex ownership structures on the risk choices of U.S. firms. Most previous studies on ownership structure focus on the differences between firms with at least one blockholder and widely held firms, without considering the potential effect that the existence of other blockholders might have on the financial variables. We find that the blockholders with intermediate holdings play a mitigating role in the conflicts of interest between the largest blockholder and the minority shareholders
Lee, Joon Tae. "Structure de propriété, stratégies de diversification et gouvernance des entreprises coréennes." Toulouse 1, 2005. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/689/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the ownership structure of Korean firms. We analyze how the chaebol family organize the shareholding structure in order to control all the firms of group with a small fraction of capital, and how this ownership structure influences the strategic choices, notably the diversification, the corporate governance, and the performance. Our analysis distinguishes two analysis periods (before and after the financial crisis of 1997) and two analysis objects (group and firm). Three empirical analyses are made. According to our results, the family ownership exercises an influence on the strategic choices as regards diversification. The family shareholder could diversify the activities of the firm to serve his own interests at the cost of the minority shareholders. The ownership structure influences only the market performance. The market does not prefer the firms with family concentrated-ownership. Foreign capital may improve the Korean corporate governance, which exercises a positive influence on the market performance. The impact of the corporate governance on the market performance depends on the ownership structure
Maurer, Frantz. "Stratégies de diversification, performance de la firme et cycles boursiers : le cas des firmes industrielles françaises cotées au Réglement mensuel 1986-1990." Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40004.
Full textThis thesis demonstrates that the influence of diversification strategy on firm's financial performance is moderated by the effect of market cycles. Two related research fields are investigated : the cyclical analysis of the relationship between diversification strategies and stock market performance of the firm, and the determination of strategic profiles. The cyclical approach of the diversification-performance relationship is based on a set of seven hypotheses, testing the strategy-cycle interaction effect, the strategy effect and the cycle effect on firm performance, respectively. The determination of profiles allows to evaluate the global strategic posture of the firm in its industrial environment. The main findings indicate that during bearish market cycles, unrelated diversifiers outperform related ones and that the lowest performance is associated with the constrained diversification. During bullish cycles, the dominant business strategy showes the highest performance and the related or unrelated nature of diversification is not a leading factor of firm's market-based performance. Moreover, unrelated diversification achieves a return higher and a risk lower than related diversification. Last, two opposite firm's profiles are identified : firms in dominant strategic posture and firms in vulnerable strategic posture. The first are characterized by a high return and a low risk, and by debt and investment capacities which allow them to be successful in favorable or not industrial segments. The others are characterized by a low return and a high risk ; their industrial environment is not a source of diversification opportunities, but rather a true pressure
Gilbert, Marco. "Diversification d'une économie monoindustrielle : le cas de l'agglomération de Thetford Mines entre 1910 et 1980." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28566.
Full textChatti, Mohamed Ali. "Diversification bancaire, performance, éthique : alternative ou complémentarité ? : cas des banques islamiques." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100122.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the impact of the diversification on the performance and the risks of Islamic banks. We are particularly interested in two types of diversification: diversification of activities and diversification of the financing techniques. Our study is divided into two parts. The first chapter of Part One presents a literature review of the concept of diversification. This literature suggests that there is a debate among researchers about this concept. Some argue that diversification increase the performance and reduce the risks of banks. However, many studies claim that the establishment of the diversification is necessarily accompanied by a considerable increase in costs. In addition, this strategy exposes the bank to new types of risks that a specialized bank doesn’t incur. In the second chapter, we analyze the emergence of Islamic finance worldwide. We first examine the main theoretical underpinnings of this finance. Then we focus on the emergence of these Islamic banks and analyze their economic model. In the last section, we study the issue of diversification in these institutions. We find that Islamic banks are currently fairly concentrated. However, this situation has been denounced by the Scholars who encourage these banks to diversify further their portfolios (of activities, sectors, financing techniques) to be more in line with the objectives of the Islamic finance. In the second part, we analyze the relationship between diversification and the performance of Islamic banks, according to two different axes: the activity diversification and the diversification of the Islamic financing contracts. In the first chapter, we find that the Malaysian Islamic banks were diversified. The RAROC analysis shows that the retail and commercial activity is the best activity, which contributes the most to the performance of these banks. Our study also discusses the activity diversification by analyzing the efficient frontier and the optimal portfolios. We find that the banks of our sample should be specialized in order to maximize returns and minimize risks. These recommendations followed, in most cases, the current strategies of these Islamic banks. In the second chapter, we analyze a specific issue of Islamic banks: the diversification of their financing techniques. We found that Islamic banks are currently highly concentrated around the technique of Murabaha. However, the analysis of optimal portfolios and efficient frontier, suggests that diversification of these modes of financing would be more profitable for banks. Finally, in the third chapter, we analyze the Islamic private equity and find that this concept may be the ideal response to the lack of diversification of Islamic banks. We support this analysis by studying the case of Al Rajhi Bank, the second largest Islamic bank in the world
Besbès, Imène. "Evolution du périmètre d'activité et système de gouvernance d'entreprise : le cas du groupe Danone." Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0063.
Full textThe aim of this study is to explain the evolution of the the areas of activity of a company through variations in its system of governance. We propose a study model which considers the impact of different governance mechanisms on managerial decisions and the consequences on the evolution of compagny's range of activities. This model reveals that, depending on the configuration of the company's corporate governance system, the chief executive may opt to either diversify or recentralise the company's range of activities. The variation in the range of activities and its effectiveness in terms of the creation or destruction of different corporate governance mechanisms
Boubaker, Adel. "La diversification internationale et la gestion des portefeuilles internationaux." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010017.
Full textThis thesis deals with the importance of international diversification and the way to manage international diversificated portefolios. The financial theory predict that international diversification is efficient to obtain a better performance in regards to rentability and or risk. We proposed an extension to existing dominant models : CAPM and APT, within an international context. The capm reformulation leads to a test based on 133 assets of ten countries during the period between march 1987 and march 1995. The first test is temporal and allows us to conclude that assets are priced at the equilibrium, this shows that the international capital market is efficient and that assets respond to an international capital model. The second is a transversal test, it reveals the existence of a negative relation between rentability and risk during the period of study. We conclude that this test on ex-post observations data is not able to express the investors anticipation's. Thus, a multi-factors model is needed; i. E. And APT model, within an international context. This model is first tested in a domestic context, it proved its validity in all studied countries. The test of extended model proves the validity of APT within an international context and that the risk premium is significantly different from zero. The choice of five factors based model is restrictive within an international context. We conclude that some supplementary factors may be added in this context like change risk
Azzarà, Valentina. "L'architecture domestique et l'organisation de maisonnée dans le péninsule d'Oman à l'âge du Bronze ancien (IIIè millénaire av. N.E.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010613.
Full textIn the Oman peninsula, the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age is marked by deep socioeconomic transformations. The shift towards an agricultural economy and the gradual integration into supraregional interaction spheres have been interpreted as the adaptive response of local populations to the pressure of an external demand for the acquisition of raw materials. Nevertheless, at the dawn of the Bronze Age, the role of the Oman Peninsula within this network is less patent than generally assumed, calling into question the nature of the transformations that characterise the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. These questions were explored by the point of view of the household, explicitly conceived as a structuring element of the society, the “sociogram of a social system”. Aiming at better understanding of the transition towards the complexification of the Bronze Age, the study briefly addresses the last Neolithic occupations, and focuses on a diachronic analysis of domestic architectures and material culture during the 3rd millennium BC (Hafit and Umm an-Nar periods). It considers a series of different aspects that could offer insights on the configuration of domestic and craft activities, on the social perception of space, on the organisation of the workforce and their degree of specialisation. This approach allowed grasping the social actors at the village level, highlighting the importance of socioeconomic transformations originating at a local scale, and expressed by the developmental cycles of the household in the long term. In addition , new field data lead to the identification of specific chronological markers for the Hafit period and the last Umm an-Nar phase
Fu, Jie. "Diversification, internationalisation et performance : le cas des groupes d'affaires chinois." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10037.
Full textThis study analyzes the role played by the institutional context in the relationship between strategic choice and performance of Chinese business groups, particularly regarding diversification and internationalization. Theoretically, this study updates our knowledge concerning the Chinese institutional context and deepens our understanding of how institutional voids and institutional transitions in China shape the strategic behavior of business groups in terms of diversification choices. Since the internationalization process of Chinese multinationals requires theoretical frameworks which are different from those established by Western companies, this study also proposes a theoretical model based on institutional factors that determine the global competitiveness and the internationalization-performance relationship of Chinese multinationals. This study confirms that, unlike multinationals from developed markets which can deploy their competitive advantages (e.g. technologies and brands) in the host country, Chinese multinationals are involved in a process of learning and strategic asset-seeking in order to reduce the competitive gap with established multinationals. Empirically, our analysis of Chinese business groups shows that: (1) The specialization and internationalization create value for Chinese business groups; (2) The unrelated diversification has a negative effect on groups’ performance; (3) There are an inverted-U shaped relationship between the internationalization level and groups’ performance and also a negative association between institutional distance and groups’ performance
Pecherot, Barbara. "Les acquisitions par offre publique : création de valeur et strategie des acquereurs." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE2A005.
Full textFadhlaoui, Kais. "Diversification internationale, intégration financière et effet de contagion : les bienfaits des marchés boursiers émergents." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0057.
Full textThis thesis tests the intégration-segmentation relationship between developed markets and emerging ones, and their implications on the gains of international diversification. Results show that the increase of market intégration has not significantly reduced the gains of international diversification. The gains are significantly important mainly for the emerging markets. However, it is necessary to consider shock transmissions between markets. Indeed, the developed market movements and particularly those of the American market are contagious. Shocks are transmitted quickly and significantly affect the developed and emerging markets. A crisis affecting emerging markets will not be transmitted significantly to international markets. Thèse crises are characterized by the development of a powerful contagion effect, which adversely influences the gains of International portfolio diversification
Breitbach, Auréa. "UNE DYNAMIQUE REGIONALE FONDEE SUR LA DIVERSIFICATION INDUSTRIELLEL'expérience de la région de Caxias do Sul (Brésil)." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00333287.
Full textJürging, Jesco. "Stratégies de diversification et surévaluation des capitaux propres : le rôle de la gouvernance de l’entreprise." Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL2002.
Full textThe overvaluation of the stockholders' equity implies the danger of the CEO adopting discretionary strategies having a negative impact on shareholders` value. However, diversification strategies could also be used as means of reaching new resources and key competencies that give birth to new products and markets. What is the role of corporate governance in a situation of overvalued stockholders' equity? Will it privilege the disciplinary way by framing the opportunistic behavior of the chief executive officer, or will it privilege the exploratory way, i.e. the discovery of new growth opportunities? From this point of view, the study concentrates on the analysis of the diversification strategies of seven media groups at the dawn of the Internet bubble. Having built a widened conceptual framework integrating the strategy of diversification, the governance of the company and the measures of value creation, we will concentrate our analysis on the study of different strategic levers ascribable to a diversification strategy: synergies between treasury flows, synergies in managerial capacity or organizational synergies through the sharing of distinctive competencies and strategic resources. Then, the analysis focuses on the role of corporate governance in the process of value creation: which component has an influence on the implementation of concentric, linked, vertical or conglomerate diversification? The study will summarize the different results within an integral model and propose different suggestions aiming at the monitoring of top management in the context of overvalued stockholders' equity
Kavadis, Nikolaos. "Influence de la gouvernance sur les décisions de diversification d'entreprise et de remplacement des dirigeants." Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHEC0006.
Full textIn this dissertation, I investigate how structural position and social attributes at the top of the corporation impact on corporate outcomes, in a sample of large French companies, during the 1993-2005 period of time. In particular, the findings indicate that an agency problem exists in large French corporations in that the CEO will tend to use the firm’s financial resources to fund unrelated and risk-driven diversification projects, which are potentially non-value creating. Incentives’ alignment governance devices are, in general, ineffective in successfully dealing with the agency problem. Board of directors’ monitoring is effective in reducing the agency problem if the proportion of executive outside directors is minimized. Moreover, controlling for firm performance, an increase in the firm’s level of portfolio unrelatedness increase the likelihood that the board will dismiss the CEO. On the contrary, an increase in the firm’s level of portfolio relatedness decrease the likelihood that the board will dismiss the CEO. However, when the CEO has finance/legal experience, and when outside directors who have on-going experience as CEOs in other companies sit on the firm’s board, the likelihood that the board will dismiss the CEO under conditions of increasing portfolio unrelatedness will be altered. Furthermore, the empirical evidence points out that governance processes, such as the replacement of the CEO, when routinized, imply decreased board monitoring and greater discretion for the CEO to implement strategies viewed as self-serving and shareholder value-reducing, namely further unrelated diversification. In this context, the new CEO’s social capital impacts on the firm’s post-succession strategic direction: When the new CEO occupies a central position in the inter-board network, s/he will further increase the positive effect of routine succession on unrelated diversification strategy. On the contrary, the new CEO’s socialization in elite circles alters the effect of routine succession on unrelated diversification strategy, and leads to corporate strategic refocusing. Thus, it may constitute an appropriate factor to deal with the agency problem
Pedrono, Justine. "Banking stability and currency diversification." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0283/document.
Full textThe 2008 financial crisis has rekindled discussions on the financial stability of banks by identifying the procyclical behavior of banking leverage, the lack of capital in banks' balance sheet and the necessity of introducing a new regulatory framework. It has also highlighted the international dimension of banking activities and the identification of global banks. The significant exposure to the US financial markets leads to an international diversification of European global banks where part of their assets and liabilities are denominated in US dollar. The floating exchange rate regime between the US dollar and the euro then implies a foreign exchange risk and a valuation effect that would affect banking stability. The purpose of thesis is to study the impact of international diversification of bank’s balance sheet on leverage procyclicality, capital structure and equity volatility. I develop four chapters combining theoretical and empirical research. The first chapter analyses the theoretical impact of currency diversification on leverage procyclicality. Chapter 2 uses innovative data on banks located in France from 1999 to 2015 and shows that the relationship is positive. In the third chapter, we use our data to estimate the impact of international diversification on capital structure and we show that introducing this new dimension is determinant to the capital structure. Finally, chapter 4 enlarges the analysis to international integration, diversification and equity volatility. I identify all risk channels a bank supports and show that banks can benefit from both floating foreign exchange regime and international diversification
Begne, Jean-Marie. "Les stratégies de diversification "hétérogène" en période de crise : le cas des États-Unis (1978-1983)." Bordeaux 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR1D017.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to analyse the behavior in crisis situations of the firls diversified into unrelated businesses. The research is based on a sample of 45 u. S. Large corporations over the period 1978-1983 and is organized as follows. - in a first part, this work examines the impact of crisis situations of this period in the strategic and organizational behaviors of these corporations, just as their consequences on the different combinations strategy structure used by reacting of this disrupted environment. Our main conclusion minimizes the effect of the economic climate fluctuations all at once on the strategies and the structures adopted by these firms over the reference period. The general trend is to the strategic and organizational status-quo. - in a second part, this study attempts to assess in terms of financial and stock market performance the actions which are setted by these corporations against their environment disruptions. Finally, we find that there was no evidence that specialized firms and related diversification were more successful than unrelated diversification