Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diversité culturelle – Aspect psychologique'
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Nadeau, Frédérick. "Les jeunes de Québec sont-ils cosmopolites? : rapport à la diversité culturelle, rapport au politique et construction identitaire chez des jeunes cégépiens de la ville de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30392/30392.pdf.
Full textThis research tries to determine if Quebec City’s youth can be considered cosmopolitan. It draws upon the content analysis of 169 open-answers questionnaires, completed by students aged 18 to 23, between November 2012 and January 2013. Examining their relation to cultural diversity, their relation to politics and exploring the different categories from which they build their identity, it comes to the conclusion that the growing ethnocultural diversity that characterize Quebec’s urban landscape and its inscription in a global society are phenomena that are experienced rather passively by today’s youth. These phenomena do not generate greater enthusiasm for intercultural encounters nor do they lead to the adoption of moral dispositions usually associated with cosmopolitanism. On the contrary, results show that young people in Quebec are more concerned with issues that are local in scale and they express their preoccupations with the protection and valorization of what they refer to as their cultural heritage, in response to globalization.
El, Sayed Valentin. "Interculturation et appréhension de la différence culturelle dans des environnements pluriculturels et/ou interculturels." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20051.
Full textThe main objective is to understand why and how the apprehension of the cultural difference varies according to the individuals. Indeed, some individuals have a better apprehension of another one culturally different by an adaptation to the cultural contact and its acceptance. On the contrary, other subjects will show a distrust and even a refusal of this cultural contact. So, what is the reaction of the individual in front of the cultural otherness depending on? Intercultural sensitivity, intercultural experience, values system, relationship to the culture but also the so called intercultural personality are hypothetically claimed as factors determining the cultural difference apprehension. Regarding the complexity of this problem, methods just as qualitative (interview) as quantitative (survey) were applied to samples (N=450) stemming from four countries (France, Brazil, Bolivia and Sri Lanka). So, we retain a tension of the relationship to the culture when the individual is in a relation involving the difference. Intercultural personality appears as a spinal column linking several factors while the intercultural experience settles more as an additional basis for a better apprehension of the otherness. Endly, the interculturation would be the outcome of a prolonged process of keeping in tension in front of the cultural difference reinforced by interculturative assets, obvious or latent, depending on the intercultural personality, the intercultural experience or still the intercultural sensitivity. These interculturative assets would be then inherent and efficient abilities appropriate to the individual and intended for facing the cultural otherness
Hmana, Orane Hnëmëne. "Interculturation complexe et construction identitaire en Nouvelle-Calédonie : cas des conduites à risque des jeunes calédoniens." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20125.
Full textThe reflection carried out in our research focuses on the interculturation process and investigates risk behaviors as a paradoxical form of a psychic process developed by young Caledonians aged from15 to 26. By anchoring our study in an intercultural paradigm, we formulate the hypothesis that young Caledonians are socialized in a multicultural environment which can lead to a difficulty to define themselves. The presence of a cultural gap would prevent linking. This impossible co-construction would cause an identity reference loss, which would lead to a self-esteem weakening and a move towards risk behaviors. Young Caledonians are led to develop, on one hand, cultural compromises to facilitate linking; and on the other hand to manage the cultural in-between that can be source of intra-psychic tensions. To test this hypothesis, we favored a mixed methodology. During the exploratory phase we interviewed 22 young Caledonians with and without risk behavior. Following a qualitative N'VIVO analysis of these interviews, we developed a questionnaire. From the 390 questionnaires collected we carried out an SPSS statistical analysis. Our results enable us to think that young Caledonians risk behaviors emerge from issues rooted in their cultural choices and identity construction through their adhesions, rejections and claims. In fact, in order to develop an identity and to manage contradictions resulting from gaps that can appear between the ego ideal (wanting to be) and the super-ego (having to be), young people develop complex identity strategies. These strategies also make it possible to manage the existing gap between symbolic codes, identificatory models, norms and values proposed by the various involved cultures; but also to react to prescribed identities in which young people do not recognize themselves. Risk behaviors must then be understood in all their symbolism as marking difficulties to feel being in this in between.Being a young intercultural person is to be in the in between: between loss and gain, between negotiation, abandonment and preservation
Bottallo, Ludovic. "La diversité culturelle dans un cadre économique et technologique en mutation." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020034.
Full textValdenaire, Karine. "Concentration économique et diversité culturelle : le cas du livre en France." Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010031.
Full textSegal, Zwi. "Représentation des activités de travail et hors travail : étude inter-culturelle et socio-professionnelle." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H004.
Full textThe investigation of work and non-work activities' representations is central in view of the qualitative, quantitative and structural transformations occurring in the modern human being's life. The results indicate (1) that the relations between work and non-work structures are multi-dimensional, (2) and that different processes of causality between work and non-work activities exist in the same life space and are operating at different levels of application. The cultural appurtenance influences more the representation of non-work, whereas the appurtenance to an occupational and social class influences more the representation of work
Richieri, Hanania Lilian. "La diversité culturelle et le commerce des produits et services culturels." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010291.
Full textLapierre, Jean-François. "Les fondements théologiques de la liberté de l'Église dans les sociétés pluralistes et sécularisées : une proposition de développement de l'ecclésiologie catholique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69707.
Full textDignitatis humanae (1965), la déclaration du concile Vatican II sur la liberté religieuse, stipule que « [l]a liberté de l'Église est un principe fondamental dans les relations de l'Église avec les pouvoirs publics et tout l'ordre civil. » (DH 13 § 1) Or, la marginalisation de l'Église dans les sociétés pluralistes et sécularisées révèle les limites de l'approche juridique adoptée par les Pères dans ce document. Aujourd’hui, la difficulté d'imaginer la place et le rôle de l'Église dans des contextes sociopolitiques et culturels profondément différents de celui des années 1960, pose un important problème à l'ecclésiologie catholique. Pour discerner les contours de ce problème et pour y répondre de manière fructueuse, nous parcourons, dans la première partie de cette thèse, l'histoire bimillénaire du christianisme afin de comprendre comment la liberté de l'Église a été vécue et théorisée dans divers contextes. Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons avec précision le texte et le contexte de Dignitatis humanae, pour comprendre les raisons et la signification du changement de perspective voulu par les Pères en ce qui concerne les responsabilités du pouvoir civil en matière religieuse. Enfin, dans la troisième et dernière partie, nous analysons les défis que rencontre actuellement cet enseignement conciliaire. Au terme de ce parcours, nous en arrivons à la conclusion que la mise en lumière des fondements théologiques de la liberté de l'Église, à savoir, d'une part, l'enracinement de l'Église dans le mystère de Dieu et, d'autre part, le caractère constitutif de la perspective eschatologique, permettent de comprendre cette liberté comme une limite au pouvoir humain – dans le monde ou dans l'Église. Ainsi compris, le principe de la liberté de l'Église contribue à l'élaboration d'une ecclésiologie politique dont les circonstances actuelles montrent la nécessité. Ce parcours permet aussi de prendre conscience que non seulement ce principe traverse l'histoire, mais qu'il a une histoire, et que l'étude de celle-ci révèle des éléments de continuité permettant d'affronter les défis actuels et à venir. En somme, les découvertes effectuées en chemin nous conduisent à poser la question de la liberté de l'Église dans les sociétés, non pas comme celle d'un groupe d'individus, mais comme celle d'un corps social qui interroge et travaille les cultures et, en particulier, les conceptions de l'ordre social.
Dignitatis humanae (1965), the Second Vatican Council's Declaration on religious freedom, states that « [t]he freedom of the Church is the fundamental principal in what concerns the relations between the Church and governments and the whole civil order. » (DH 13 § 1) However, the marginalization of the Church in pluralistic and secularized societies exposes the limits of the juridical approach espoused by the Council Fathers in this document. Nowadays, the struggle to envision the place and role of the Church in sociopolitical and cultural contexts profoundly different from the one characterizing the 1960's points to a serious problem in Catholic ecclesiology. To fathom this problem properly and to address it in a productive manner, we go through, in the first part of this thesis, Christianity's two-thousand-year old history so as to understand how the freedom of the Church was implemented and theorized in various contexts. In the second part, we carefully analyze the text and context of Dignitatis humanae, to understand the reasons and the significance of the perspective shift expressed by the Fathers with regard to public powers' responsibilities in religious matters. Finally, in the third and last part, we examine the challenges currently facing this conciliar teaching. We then come to the conclusion that the highlighting of the theological foundations of the freedom of the Church, namely, the rooting of the Church in God's mystery, and the constitutive character of the eschatological perspective, allows for an understanding of this freedom as a limit to human power – be it in the world or in the Church. Thus understood, the principle of the freedom of the Church becomes a central element of the political ecclesiology called for by the current circumstances. This endeavor shows that this principle not only runs through history, but has a history, the study of which reveals elements of continuity of paramount importance to face the current challenges and those still to come. The discoveries made along the way lead us to view the question of the freedom of the Church, not as that of a group of individuals, but rather of a social body whose presence challenges cultures and, in particular, the conceptions of social order.
Vlassis, Antonios. "Stratégie(s) d'acteur(s) et construction des cadres normatifs internationaux : de l'exception culturelle à la diversité culturelle." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529353.
Full textSavary, Frédéric. "La communication, facteur d'évolution culturelle et d'efficacité dans la démarche qualité d'une entreprise manufacturière." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR30018.
Full textThe classical logic of industrial systematically associates performance with tigth management of production process. Our observations allow us to see that there is no general rule. The unpredictability of the actor's acts or in its liberty of reasoning, create a real doubt in the certitude of efficiency. The context appears clearly contingent and somewhat deterministic : whenever the solution must be found. The environment organizes itself in more or less complex systems. Action appears only possible and efficient when actors are in contact with others and adjust their relations of power. It becomes obvious that some psychological or social conditions must be linked to promote effectiveness which needs the individual to take shape. But we have to admit the individual is not a really stable factor in this combination. He remains reserved on his cooperation and participation in collective efficiency
Emery, Lise. "Les plateformes de SVOD confrontées au maintien de la diversité culturelle : une prise de position des États à l’ère numérique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67767.
Full textCette étude a pour objet la diversité culturelle et son maintien dans le cadre de l’ère numérique et des plateformes de SVOD. Objectif des États dans le cadre de leur souveraineté culturelle, la diversité des expressions culturelles est mise à mal dans un contexte de bouleversement du marché de la production audiovisuelle par les acteurs internationaux issus du numérique. Cet objectif d’intérêt général, tant au niveau national qu’international, doit être préservé par les États, pour ne pas voir la création audiovisuelle perdre en qualité. Il convient dès lors de repenser les systèmes audiovisuels, pour intégrer les plateformes SVOD dans la mise en œuvre des obligations de diversité culturelle, notamment dans le cadre du financement de la création. Cette refonte de l’audiovisuel est en marche en France comme au Canada.
Barbato, Jean-Christophe. "La diversité culturelle en droit communautaire : contribution à l'analyse de la spécificité de la construction européenne." Nancy 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN20003.
Full textThis thesis proposes to analyze the contents and to specify the heuristic value of the legal instruments mobilized by European Union law in order to respect and to promote cultural diversity. It is also a question of determining the legal nature of this concept. Within the framework of the Common Market, these instruments maintain an ambiguous relationship with economic integration. The promotion of cultural diversity is based primarily on the application of the principles of freedom of movement and free competition to the cultural sector. Conversely, its respect passes by a specific normative framing of the goods and cultural activities which, limiting the application of these principles, makes it possible to preserve the cultural prerogatives of the Member States. Cultural diversity also influences political integration. Community cultural competence, an instrument which ensures this integration, is organized according to the respect of cultural diversity and its promotion constitutes one of its main objectives. The structuring of political integration is also concerned. Cultural diversity constitutes one of the fundamental values of the Union and it leads to a specific institutional organization which contributes to specify the legal nature of European construction. Eventually, it appears like a fundamental principle of the legal order of the Union and a leading idea of the European project
Chiron, Éliane. "Poïétique du dessin et enracinement culturel." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010524.
Full textI - any graphic production of sketch is linked with theoretics in a searching process where a poetic analysis founds both reality and fiction, drawing and photography, technicality and alchemy. Ii- drawing is specified by the line, condensing a material cause, an action, an effect. It means stregth, rythm, abstraction; colour means the material is alive. Iii- finding roots in one culture implies being previously uprooted (rejecting one's own culture), efflorescence (producting works of art), crossing cultures (borrowed from others) to produce a creative process in wich the works (the sketches) are flowers as well as roots
Loembet, Eric. "Les enjeux managériaux des entreprises et des organisations culturelles en contexte de diversité culturelle : le cas du Cameroun." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI009.
Full textAbstract : The question of the development of enterprises and cultural organisations (EOCs) has been integrated into the discourse of actor cultural contractor in several African countries, with a view to appropriating the standards characterising them. A discourse which deserves clarification in an environment merging the formal and the informal in the creation of wealth. Faced with cultural diversity favoring economic growth and human development, the creation of wealth becomes an opportunity for profitability and the development of the cultural economy, the case of Cameroon. Thus, the EOCs become and present themselves as tools for capitalising on economic values and wealth. To this end, analysing and evaluating the cultural economy sector means defining the role, importance and impact of the EOCs in contributing to the creation of wealth and economic growth in Cameroon. Driving the exchange of cultural goods and services, as well as capital, the EOCs contribute to the development of the national economy. By taking an active part in the internal economic growth of a nation, they bring added value in the valuation of wealth, in job creation and human development. the very crucial role that they play in the appropriation and enhancement of wealth, determines the economic interest in artistic and cultural creativity. of these transformations that are taking place within the EOCs, it’s a question of determining the managerial stakes of development in the context of cultural diversity in Cameroon. the reflection of this study will be based on this paradox of the plurality of wealth and it’s low contribution to the creation of wealth, as well as to the development of the economy of Cameroonian culture
Hémet, Camille. "Birds of a feather cannot always flock together : essays on the socio-economic impacts of local diversity." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0041/document.
Full textDiversity reflects the extent to which members of a given community share different characteristics, usually pertaining to ethnicity, socio-economic status or even culture. As a result of trade development and economic integration, modern societies have to cope with increasing levels of diversity, both in terms of origins and social statuses. The purpose of this dissertation is to assess the social and economic impacts of local diversity. More precisely, this thesis shows how neighborhood level diversity affects individuals’ living conditions and employment prospects. This work contributes to the existing literature in three ways: it examines unexplored issues at a very local level, gives new insights about the underlying mechanisms and provides new methods to address the endogeneity issue. Chapter 1 shows that diversity in terms of origins has a negative effect on the quality of local public goods, due to vandalism, not deterred by social policing, and due to collective action failure to ensure effective property management. However, it has no robust effect on public safety. Chapter 2 reveals that the effect of unemployment on crime has a spatial dimension: for economic crimes the effect of unemployment rate in surrounding neighborhoods is stronger than that of the immediate neighborhood, while the reverse holds for vandalism. Chapter 3 shows that people living in a diverse neighborhood face lower employment prospects, but that this effect is more related to cultural (e.g. language) diversity than to ethnic diversity. Chapter 4 develops a model rationalizing the fact that ethnic minorities turn to the informal economy in response to adverse labor market conditions
De, Oliveira Emmanuel. "Les bases cognitives de l’évolution culturelle cumulative." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2144/document.
Full textCulture is a set of information that members of a group share through social transmission (imitation, communication ...) in the form of ideas, behaviors or artifacts. Cultural traits developed by humans are more complex than in other species. This is attributed to the process of cultural evolution which, in humans, is cumulative. Along with their diffusion, cultural traits become more complex and perform progressively better by accumulating changes over generations, a process called the ratchet effect. The project of this thesis was to investigate cognitive mechanisms involved in the emergence of the ratchet effect. We simulated this phenomenon under experimental conditions using thechain transmission method in order to test the predictive power of technical reasoning, theory-of-mind skills, creativity and fluid intelligence in the constant progression of performances across generations. The first study investigated the role of these four factors in a mechanical problem solving task (tower construction with wires) in a Communication condition (i.e., participants are allowed to talk to each other) and an Observation condition (i.e., participants cannot communicate). Our strongest prediction regarding this paradigm involved technical reasoning, for having proven a better predictor of a ratchet effect than theory of mind skills. The same observation was made in both conditions, while theory of mind skills did not allow to predict any ratchet effect. The second study explored the influence of technical reasoning and theory-of-mind skills on the same task, in a Monitoring condition (i.e., participants communicate indirectly through a video feed) and a Blind condition (i.e., participants communicate verbally without seeing each other). Technical reasoning skills predicted once again the emergence of a ratchet effect, while theory-of-mind skills predicted the same effect in the Blind condition only. These results demonstrate the weight of technical reasoning in thecreation, transmission, and improvement of a material cultural trait, while theory-ofmind skills are involved only in a particularly abstract situation where individuals have no visual cues. The third study explored the conditions leading individuals to copy or innovate a technique or tool. Participants were tested in an unfamiliar situation, and were asked to achieve a material task (making a basket out of everyday life objects). Conditions varied based on opacity (i.e., mechanisms involved between the initial state and the final product are difficult to understand) and risk levels. It turned out that participants were more likely to reproduce the same actions and objects used in a demonstration when tested in a risky and opaque condition, while they used more often new objects and new actions in a non-risky, transparent task
Asselin, Gabriel. "Schoolyard agency : childhood, mobility and cultural reproduction amongst mobile families." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30732/30732.pdf.
Full textIn this dissertation, I show that while the experience that children have of their community is influenced by external factors such as semiotic registers and structural relationships, it is also shaped through their own agency. Through working with children of French-speaking military families in Cold Lake, Alberta, I contribute to a portrayal of children as playing an important role, not only in how they experience community, but in the very shaping of the community itself. Through a focus on how children of military members attending the French school École Voyageur experience their social environment, it becomes apparent that while this is characterized by a high degree of mobility, they are nevertheless subjected to lasting semiotic registers defined by ongoing discourses surrounding topics such as mobility, the military, and francophone identity. By taking account of how children of mobile families, and adults involved in their lives, express their understanding of their place within various institutions, this dissertation contributes to furthering the understanding of potential effects of various patterns of mobility on childhood experiences of community and concepts of identity and belonging. This work is grounded in data collected during fieldwork in and around a military community associated with 4 Wing Cold Lake, a Royal Canadian Air Force base. What is shown with the data gathered from fieldwork is that continuity in a community, and even cultural maintenance, does not require continuity within the population. In doing so I show that conflicting views concerning the idea of community can be reconciled by describing it as the result of experience of social environments through the encounter of individual agency with semiotic registers and networks of institutional structures. Finally, this work also describes some of the challenges and opportunities encountered by children of French-speaking military families in Cold Lake. Their particular situation, as mobile individuals evolving on the margin of multiple institutions and organisations, makes them subjects of interest to understand the impacts of mobility and of diverging loyalties on concepts of belonging and identity.
Andlauer, Leticia. "Jouer la romance dans Amour Sucré : la construction adolescente au regard des pratiques et productions de l'industrie du jeu vidéo en France." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H031.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to study the construction of young and female audiences in the cultural industries, and more specifically in the video game industry. It questions the identity construction of adolescent girls regarding to productions from cultural industries. Thus, this work focuses on girls’ culture through the study of a video game genre called otome game. These games are produced in Japan since 1996, and have been imported in Europe and North America since the mid-2000s.Otome game means “maiden game,” but the terms dating simulation or dating game are sometimes used to name these productions. These games target young women audiences, and offer them to embody a heroine surrounded by men and follow a scenario. Romance is the main subject in these games, indeed the aim is to build a love story with one of the seductive men. This thesis intends to analyze a “romance game” named Amour Sucré (Sweet Crush in England, and my Candy Love in the United States). This French production of the studio Beemoov uses graphic and interactive conventions from otome games.This work thus questions adolescent identity construction, through adolescent representations within the video game industry. It focuses on the feminine gender and the romantic universe in Amour Sucré. For this, an ethnographic survey has been conducted at the studio Beemoov. This investigation has involved interviewing employees to understand their strategies in creating game content.Another way to question the design of this game has been to conduct a detailed analysis on the game device. The goal has been to understand the game mechanics which allow actions to perform for the players. The aim was also to clarify the constitution of the media representations conveyed by this game, both in its narrative and graphic content and game mechanics.Finally, the third part of this work presents an ethnographic study of young players of Amour Sucré. This survey includes interviews with a panel of fifteen young girls and young women. It also includes an observation of homes and more specifically girl’s bedrooms. This ethnography aims to understand how the practice of Amour Sucré is constructed as part of a set of leisure activities and especially digital entertainment (social networks, blogging, sharing creations, consulting website information…).Finally, this thesis aims to understand the links between the strategies of the producers, the game design and the practices from audiences. This thesis work highlights the fact that the practices of young girls extend beyond Amour Sucré’s universe. So, the issues of construction of young female audiences are revealed through the observation of sets of media practices conducted by young players in their daily lives. This thesis demonstrates how the “romance games” are included in the girl’s cultures
Nowé, Jonas. "Approche historico-culturelle d'une psychologie du spectateur : étude longitudinale du travail d'orchestration et du style au sein de trois ateliers de théâtre pour enfants et adolescents." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/9350.
Full textThe research aims at studying the impact of childhood development upon stage directors’ tasks in the context of a play co-making (Meyerson, 1945/1995). It is in line with the cultural-historical perspective through the use of psychological instruments (Vygotski, 1935/1997).Thus, we set the working hypothesis that everyone presents a style that sharpens along their experience. We undertake three longitudinal follow-ups about stage direction process (dramatization, acting direction, reframing and technical correcting). These follow-ups took place in the length of a school year with three stage workshops whose troupes do not have the same number of years of practice: the group of the youngers (0-1 years of practice), the group of the middle ones (2-3 years) and the group of the big ones (6-10 years). The results show that the troupe’s practice, in one hand, has an impact on the way the play co-making is supported (Bruner, 1996), and in another hand, brings conductive moments to let some specific learning to take place. While, in the youngers’ workshop, work was focused upon technique and particularly the learnings about visual space occupancy (as moves), the middle one’s were working upon the style expression of actors and sound space occupancy (as to bring lines together). Finally, the time occupancy was the subject of the elders, working on rhythms and psychological discontinuity of characters, implied by a good management of visual and sound spaces.As a conclusion, we could notice, during the season, we could notice more efficient co-making of body communication conventions between actors and director than the ones in force at the start of the working process.These results will be discussed through the prism of psycho-social interaction (Zittoun & Perret-Clermont, 2009) to bring a better understanding of the notion of body integrity of a person allowed by the style and through a better self-recognition
Lambert, Aude. "La diversité des structures de rationalité en microéconomie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3047.
Full textStandard microeconomics displays the concept of rationality as the maximisation of expected utility i.e. in a narrow and unequivocal sense. The criticisms against this concept made by behavioural economics or sociology are well known. I aim at providing an analysis of some of them in order to emphasise the fact that they mainly highlight the diversity of reasoning modes. But the issue is to know whether the diversity of reasoning modes necessarily leads to reject the standard model. My intention falls into two fields : the theory of Rational Choice and the Game Theory. From the point of view of behavioural economics, I assume that the maximisation is nothing more than a local reasoning mode that can be assessed in relation to the context of action. But this assumption implies correcting the standard Game Theory as well. The fact that the general equilibrium, based on the maximisation of expected utility, cannot be used anymore as an unique model calls a new kind of formalisation. So, I point out that agent-based modelling allows us to conceive, in a counterfactual way, interactions between rational economic agents in their context. Therefore, in this respect, rational patterns of actions and interactions design possible worlds without having to choose between them
Huleux, François. "La contribution de la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel à la conservation de la biodiversité." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66718.
Full textLa diversité biologique connaît un schéma d'érosion face auquel la communauté internationale tente de lutter. Depuis quelques années, les communautés locales et autochtones sont reconnues comme un modèle de conservation et d'utilisation durable de cette diversité. Elles recréent, expriment et transmettent des connaissances et pratiques de gestion des ressources naturelles depuis des temps immémoriaux pour certaines. En 2003, la Convention pour la sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « Convention PCI ») est adoptée afin de préserver ce patrimoine qui est lui aussi sur le point de disparaître en raison de l'acculturation, la mondialisation, la déforestation, etc. Malgré la relation d’interdépendance qui caractérise certains éléments du patrimoine culturel immatériel (ci-après « PCI ») avec les éléments matériels naturels auxquels ils sont associés, la Convention ne guide pas ses Parties vers la reconnaissance et préservation de cette relation. Plus précisément, elle ne guide pas ses Parties vers la conservation et l’utilisation durable de l’ensemble des éléments de la biodiversité nécessaires à la sauvegarde du PCI (réseau de vie). C’est pourquoi, certains pourraient s’interroger sur la capacité de la Convention PCI à sauvegarder le PCI associé à la biodiversité ? A l’heure de l’extinction des espèces et de la raréfaction des connaissances et pratiques « traditionnelles », il apparaît primordial de faire évoluer la mise en œuvre de la Convention par une révision de ses Directives opérationnelles chargées de préciser les engagements des Parties et régulièrement amendées par le Comité intergouvernemental de sauvegarde du PCI et l’Assemblé générale des États parties à la Convention vers une sauvegarde mieux adaptée au PCI associé à la biodiversité. L’approche par écosystème développée sous l’empire de la Convention sur la diversité biologique (ci-après « CDB ») dont les objectifs sont la conservation, l’utilisation durable de la biodiversité et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de l’utilisation des ressources naturelles sert de base à cette proposition de révision des directives de la Convention PCI. L’approche permet de gérer des écosystèmes considérés comme des réseaux de vie dont les Hommes et la diversité culturelle sont un élément à part entière.
The international community is trying to fight the current pattern of biodiversity erosion. In recent years, local and indigenous communities have been recognized as models in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. Some of them have been recreating, expressing and transmitting knowledge and natural resources management practices for centuries. In 2003, the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (hereinafter “ICHConvention”) was adopted in order to preserve this heritage, which is also on the verge of disappearing due to acculturation, globalization, deforestation, etc. Despite the interdependent relationship which characterizes certain elements of intangible cultural heritage (hereinafter“ICH”) with the natural material elements associated to it, the Convention does not guide its Parties towards the recognition and preservation of this unique relationship. More specifically, it does not guide them towards the conservation and sustainable use of the elements of biodiversity that are necessary to the safeguarding of ICH (considered as a network of life). This is why, somemight question the capacity of the ICH Convention to safeguard ICH associated with biodiversity? At a time when species and tradition knowledge and practices are going extinct, it is essential to refine the implementation of the Convention by a revision of its Operational Directives responsible for specifying the commitments of the Parties – and which are regularly amended by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of ICH and the General Assemble of State Parties to the Convention – towards a better suited safeguarding of ICH associated with biodiversity. The ecosystem approach developed for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (hereinafter “CBD”) – whose objectives are the conservation, sustainable use of biodiversity and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits obtained from the use of natural resources – is the basis for this proposal to revise the Operation Directives of the ICH Convention. This approach allows the sustainable management of ecosystems considered as being networks of life including humans and their biodiversity.
Rondeau, Dany. "Prolégomènes à une éthique globale interculturelle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65430.pdf.
Full textDechaux, Pierrick. "L'économie face aux enquêtes psychologiques 1944 -1960 : unité de la science économique, diversité des pratiques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E025.
Full textThis dissertation looks at the historical development of George Kantona's psychological surveys at the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan. The main legacy of this work has been the widespread adoption of confidence indicators. They are used each month by more than fifty countries and widely implemented by business managers and forecasters. How do we explain the widespread usage of these indicators despite a prevalent consensus in macroeconomics and microeconomics that does not consider them as important tools? In order to answer this question, we study several controversies that occurred around Michigan surveys between 1944 and 1960. It is shown that this era is characterized by many interdisciplinary exchanges guided by the practical needs of decision-makers in governments and private companies. I show that if economists know little about these debates, it is because they were maintained in disciplinary fields on the periphery of economics. These fields are centered on practical problems that theoretical economists progressively abandoned. This thesis offers a new way of understanding the history of recent macroeconomics and behavioral economics by proposing an analysis of the links between economic theory and its application in practice. For instance, the history of post-war intellectual dynamics cannot be reduced to theoretical innovations or to a new relationship between theory and empiricism. Indeed, these dynamics rely also on the transformation of the boundaries between the science and its art; between the economy on the one hand and marketing and forecasting on the other
Lecler, Romain. "Une mondialisation à domestiquer : sociologie d’une politique française des échanges audiovisuels internationaux (1984-2012)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010326.
Full textWhat is Globalization? We address this question by focusing on audiovisual flows worldwide, seen from the perspective of commercial exchanges and French public policies. From 2008 to 2012, several sites have been investigated such as the French administration, its diplomatic network abroad, public agencies and international markets. We argue that Globalization, far from being an economic force overhanging from abroad, is always something that has to be "brought home". First, it results from policies that aim at "taming" what exceeds the national frame (such as audiovisual contents broadcasted by satellite). Second, it always entails very "domestic" stakes. At first, we deal with the French administration, where a "foreign audiovisual policy'' has been launched in the 1980s, stirring up a sharp competition to be nominated at the head of new transnational public channels, and leading to the recruitment of diplomats specializing in this policy. Then, we assess the astonishing rise of international markets of movies and TV shows, describing how French sales agents, in the process of getting professional recognition, received a strong support from the French administration. This brings us to the thesis that export policies fundamentally shape Globalization by providing contradicting definitions of what it should be. ln France, the sales agents and the administration have been negotiating one built upon the principle of "cultural diversity", conveniently melting commercial, cultural and diplomatic stakes altogether, despite of the notion being deeply ambivalent
Māǧid, Ziyād. "The decline of consociationalism : the case of Lebanon." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0073.
Full textThe consociational democracy system in Lebanon is no longer capable of avoiding and managing crises for many reasons that are internal and external. Among these reasons are the changes in the elites (especially of the Maronites, Sunnis and Shiites) and their characteristics, the important demographic development and the modification of the confessional ratios, the transformation of the “veto right” into a hampering factor in every critical aspect of the political life, and the excess in the armed Hezbollah’s power. To these factors are added the external pressures and the weakness of national consenses towards the region’s axes and conflicts. Nevertheless, given its success in freezing the political system and its shares, given the institutionalization of vertical divisions on the basis of their exclusive representation of political groupings, and given the attachment of most forces to the power-sharing principle, consociationalism cannot be overcome easily. This by itself is a sign of both its strength and weakness: It does not function properly, but it cannot be overcome. In fact, all confessional political forces, consider it a guarantee to block any attempt by one ruling alliance at imposing choices and decisions. They also fear that any discussion over radical reforms might open the way to reconsidering the confessional quota system and its freezed formulas, which will create tensions and confrontations between the concerned groups. The absence of alternatives in the meantime does not eliminate the need for reforming political institutions, nor the necessity of discussing issues which could attenuate acute crises and enhance the performance of the regime
Duboeuf, Patrick. "Diversité et confrontation intergénérationnelle dans la construction du sens : comprendre la Perception et le management de la reconnaissance au sein les laboratoires de recherche." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30009/document.
Full textIn the light of the current evolutions of the device of treatment of retirement pensions, to face the ageing of the employees, the action of seniors within organizations becomes a stake in major management. This search aims at the understanding of the specificities of the relation age-activity professional within the framework of the necessary reinstatement / conservation of quinquas with a prospect of organizational efficiency, emptied of any orientation of instrumentalisation of the troops seniors. The consideration of the property to live professional actors, with objectives of organizational results, can be a frame of reflection in sciences of management.The positive representations are a key of a better collective performance of groups of heterogeneous actors in age. This heterogeneousness is the frame of sets of comparison limiting thecommitment of seniors. The understanding of the mechanisms of gratitude of the actors, as value and manager action, is put as a focal point, a source of knowledge. More exactly, this approach tries to answer the question: how the management of the gratitude adapted to seniors will allow them " to play a role " within organizations by their contributory action the collective performance? To bring elements of answer, we analyze the constituent schemas of the representations of referee of more than 50 years old according to the model cognitiviste proposed by Cossette (2004). From the update of the individual schemas linkin grateful entities, seats of gratitude and commitment, we elaborated and analyzed fifteen cognitive maps of researchers and engineers of search, to pull elements of understanding and explanation, by means of thesoftware Decision investigate.The results bring to light at first the types of gratitude received or waited in terms of means and objective. Two units of time of analysis are then proposed. They allow to distinguish and to move closer to the gratitudes of utility and membership within the framework of interactions connected to the situation, of the gratitude of connected to the personal capacities in echos with the age-related specificities. The crossing, between frame of the units of time, the entities and the seats of gratitude, constitutes)a compass for the possible acts of management of gratitude directed seniors
Provencher, Jérémie, and Jérémie Provencher. "La participation sociale en contexte de mixité sociale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28279.
Full textLa présente étude traite des enjeux de la participation sociale liés au contexte de mixité sociale. L'objectif général est de décrire et de découvrir les facteurs et obstacles qui favorisent ou freinent la participation sociale des personnes vivant dans une habitation collective de mixité sociale. La stratégie de recherche est qualitative et l'étude de cas a été choisie pour tenir compte des concepts de participation sociale et de mixité sociale. Ainsi, la recherche a été réalisée auprès de l'organisme à but non lucratif (OBNL) Habitations Vivre Chez Soi. Les données du projet ont été recueillies auprès de huit personnes lors d'entrevues semi-dirigées, deux périodes d'observation participante ainsi que l'analyse de vingt documents écrits. Le portrait ainsi obtenu de la participation sociale a démontré que les facteurs et les obstacles sont à la fois de l'ordre individuel, interpersonnel, organisationnel et environnemental. De plus, l'analyse des résultats indique que certaines caractéristiques propres au phénomène de la mixité sociale ont un impact sur l'engagement des participants. À partir des constats empiriques mis en parallèle avec la théorie, le chercheur a identifié quelques pistes d'action pour les organisateurs communautaires ainsi que pour les décideurs qui gèrent ou aménagent un milieu d'habitation en mixité sociale afin de mobiliser et de maintenir la participation.
Leys, Christophe. "Normes émotionnelles et jugement social: étude de l'influence de la perception du sentiment de culpabilité d'un transgresseur sur les processus d'attribution d'une peine en fonction de son appartenance culturelle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209949.
Full textIls ont accepté de résumer pour Justice-en-ligne le fruit de leurs recherches.
Le sentiment de culpabilité est essentiel dans le cadre d’un jugement parce qu’il induit celui qui la ressent à réparer son tort, que ce soit symboliquement, par des excuses, ou concrètement par des actes, comme le remboursement des dommages occasionnés.
Une première étude a montré qu’un prévenu, pris en flagrant délit, se sentant coupable sera moins sévèrement condamné que s’il ne se sent pas coupable, car il est perçu comme plus sociable, que son délit a tendance à être attribué à des circonstances externes, et qu’il semble moins susceptible de récidiver. Dans une seconde approche nous avons voulu savoir si l’influence des sentiments de culpabilité et de colère était la même en fonction de l’origine ethnique du prévenu, belge ou maghrébine. Lorsque l’on teste la présence ou l’absence de culpabilité et de colère, on obtient quatre comportements possibles du prévenu, qui peut :
se sentir coupable et ne pas être en colère ;
se sentir coupable et être en colère ;
ne pas se sentir coupable ni être en colère ;
ne pas se sentir coupable et être en colère.
Le premier et le dernier comportement sont attendus :la culpabilité va de pair avec une absence de colère et inversement. Par contre, la présence conjointe de culpabilité et de colère, ou l’absence de culpabilité et de colère sont des comportements surprenants. Dans le cas d’un prévenu belge, les comportements attendus conduisent à une sanction sévère, alors que les comportements surprenants conduisent à une peine plus modérée. Paradoxalement, exprimer de la culpabilité et pas de colère n’est donc pas une stratégie payante pour le prévenu car elle revient à reconnaître les faits sans évoquer de circonstances atténuantes. En revanche, un prévenu qui se sent coupable mais qui est en colère contre la société induit l’idée qu’il a compris sa transgression, mais que des circonstances atténuantes l’excusent partiellement.
Dans le cas d’un prévenu maghrébin, la situation diffère légèrement. Les Maghrébins souffrent de deux stéréotypes culturels (c’est-à-dire des croyances répandues dans la société à propos de leur groupe) négatifs à propos de ces émotions :ils sont perçus comme se mettant facilement en colère et comme se sentant rarement coupables. Il semble que les participants soient influencés, consciemment ou non, par ces stéréotypes. La condition cohérente, qui joint l’absence de culpabilité à la présence de colère conduit, comme pour le prévenu belge, à une peine sévère. Rien d’illogique :si un prévenu ne se sent pas coupable et de plus se rebelle, il ne doit pas s’attendre à de la clémence. Par contre, les deux conditions inattendues qui mènent à une peine moins sévère au prévenu belge n’ont pas cet effet chez le prévenu maghrébin. Tout se passe comme si, dès qu’il agit en accord avec ne fût-ce qu’un des stéréotypes négatifs de son groupe, il est puni sévèrement. Dès lors, s’il ressent de la colère ou qu’il ne se sent pas coupable, la peine est sévère. Par contre, lorsqu’il contredit ces stéréotypes, qu’il se sent coupable et n’est pas en colère, il est moins sévèrement puni. De toutes les conditions, Belges et Maghrébins confondus, c’est la situation qui conduit à la peine la plus basse. Il semble que, pour les prévenus maghrébins, les participants ne se soient pas tant centrés sur l’attribution de facteurs externes que sur une autre dimension, non pertinente chez un prévenu belge :le niveau d’intégration à la culture belge. Un maghrébin qui se sent coupable et n’est pas en colère est perçu comme bien intégré à la culture belge et moins condamné.
Peut-on parler de discrimination ?
Dans l’état actuel des recherches, il n’est pas question de discrimination, mais bien de raisonnements différents. Pour pouvoir invoquer la discrimination, il faudrait mettre en évidence plusieurs éléments :d’une part, ces études concernent essentiellement un échantillon de personnes qui ne sont pas magistrats, bien qu’une partie de l’échantillon était formée au droit. Même si aucune différence n’a été observée entre cet échantillon et le reste des participants, formés à d’autres disciplines que le droit, il se peut que les magistrats aient développé, par l’expérience, des stratégies de contrôle de ces effets.
D’autre part, la peine dépend avant tout du comportement émotionnel ;dès lors, si l’on imagine une situation dans laquelle tous les prévenus réagissent sans se sentir coupables et en étant en colère, la peine sera uniformément sévère quelle que soit l’origine. Par contre, si tous les prévenus réagissaient en se sentant coupables et en n’étant pas en colère, nos études sugèrent que ce sont les prévenus belges qui seraient discriminés. Les prévenus maghrébins seraient également discriminés si, par exemple, tous les prévenus réagissaient de manière inattendue. Mais nous n’avons que peu d’informations sur ces comportements lors des procès.
Quelques données supplémentaires
Outre les expériences, quelques observations de terrain ont soulevé des points qui peuvent alimenter le débat. Trois approches ont été réalisées :l’observation de procès, l’entretien avec des ex-détenus et l’entretien avec des magistrats. Les deux premières visaient avant tout à investiguer la gestion des émotions en fonction de l’origine culturelle. Les prévenus d’origine maghrébine ont-ils tendance à se sentir plus ou moins coupables que les prévenus d’origine belge ?Existe-t-il des différences culturelles quant aux normes relatives à la présentation d’excuses lorsque l’on a commis un délit ?Tous les prévenus ont-ils les moyens d’observer des rituels d’excuses complexes ?
L’observation de nombreux procès révèle une corrélation très forte entre les aptitudes linguistiques perçues du prévenu et sa tendance à présenter des excuses. Plus un prévenu éprouve des difficultés à s’exprimer en français, moins les stratégies d’excuses seront utilisées. A l’inverse, les Belges semblent s’excuser plus souvent, presque systématiquement même, dès lors qu’ils ne nient pas les faits.
Les ex-détenus, indépendamment de leur origine, ne se sentent a priori jamais coupables des délits qui leur ont été reprochés. Par contre, certains disent avoir présenté des excuses au tribunal. La culpabilité, lorsqu’elle était ressentie, concernait plutôt les conséquences du délit, comme les difficultés financières auxquelles étaient confrontées les familles des détenus, la violence imprévue durant les faits, ou encore, pour un cas, le délit lui-même (vente de stupéfiant) mais justifié par le fait que l’ex-détenu était toxicomane lors des faits. Il en ressort que, dans la plupart des cas, une justification morale avait déjà été trouvée lorsque les faits ont été commis, ce qui pose la question de l’intérêt d’un éventuel repentir et de l’impact qu’il faudrait lui donner sur la peine.
Les magistrats pensent pour la plupart qu’ils sont influencés par les émotions comme le seraient le commun des mortels. Seul un magistrat estime que l’expérience permet aux magistrats de maîtriser cet effet. Cependant, aucun ne peut quantifier l’importance de l’effet sur la peine. Certains l’estiment fort limité, d’autres plus important.
Conclusions
Ces recherches et observations posent les questions suivantes :doit-on prendre en compte, de manière contrôlée voire légiférée, l’effet des émotions comme la culpabilité sur la peine et, si oui, comment ?Dans certains pays, comme le Japon, les excuses ne peuvent pas être prises en compte. En effet, un prévenu s’excusera dans 99 % des cas, simplement parce que les normes de l’honneur l’imposent. Dès lors, alors que les excuses pourraient être interprétées comme un aveu de la transgression, elles ne sont pas autorisées car même un innocent pourrait s’excuser normativement. A quelles conclusions arriverions-nous si nous devions lever ce débat en Belgique ?
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Simnara, Komi. "L’expression des émotions en Lama (Gur, Togo)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030023.
Full textThis thesis proposes a study of various linguistic processes used by the speakers of Lama (a Gur language spoken in Togo) to express their emotions. The data analyzed here come from a first-hand corpus collected during fieldwork in Kantè (Togo). It consists of thirty hours of recorded spontaneous and natural discourse, collected in public places such as markets, places of leisure activities, or cultural events, sometimes through unplanned recordings, sometimes through note-taking. It is found that emotion can be expressed in three modes of expression : denotation, connotation and inference. These modes of expression highlight a diversity of resources and strategies : vocabulary related to emotions, lexical and syntactic markers charged with emotional connotations, metaphors accounting for the conceptualization of emotions, construction of emotion by discursive schematization of a situation or by the establishment of ethos and pathos in discourse, etc. Examination of these processes shows that there is no marking specific to the language of emotion in Lama. It also appears from this study that the manifestation of emotion is not codified by social norms. The comparison of Lama with other languages through numerous examples reveals similarities and differences in the way emotions are expressed, both linguistically and culturally. Emotional expression in Lama is thus at once universal and culture-specific
Chilin, Jérémy. "Les créoles de l'île Maurice des années 1930 à l'indépendance : processus de construction identitaire d'une communauté." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC029/document.
Full textBetween 1936 and 1969, the very heterogeneous group of Creoles of Mauritius will be projected in the long decolonization of its small island territory. In the struggle for better social and political rights and equality with the settlers, the Creoles became an indispensable political force. But soon, weakened by their divisions and socio-economic fragility, they were overtaken by the Indian majority of this island of plantations of the Indian Ocean. The result is the creation of a Christian front that will fight an Indian independence feared by the minorities. In this struggle, the Creoles will finally become aware of the identity of their own group. But during the electoral defeat of 1967 and the misfortunes of the ensuing 1968 riots, they realized that in this pluralistic society communalism had struck them hard. Between the exile and the marginalization of Mauritian society, this new community, which had just emerged from the vortices of decolonization, is sinking into a deep crisis, a "Creole malaise" which dramatically pursues it today
Mokdad-Zmitri, Meriem. "Approche psychanalytique des liens dans le couple et la famille : le travail de subjectivation en contexte tunisien." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100078/document.
Full textIs psychoanalysis epistemologically deadlocked? Aren’t the "Japanese" (Lacan) or the Arabs "psychoanalysable"? These are two discomforts that simultaneously motivated this research. It found out the "link psychoanalysis" in which it supposes a potential to resolve the double crisis of psychoanalysis: the intrinsic one related to its longevity and that of the encounter between the latter and the operational hosting fields. Analysing the link rather than subjects in link revolutionized classical metapsychology by offsetting the pure intrapsychic thus soothing its panindividualism and promising an « equitable encounter » between psychoanalysis and its host ground, the Tunisian one in this case. The practice of this « paradigm » with tunisian couples and families in contexts of research and consultation, alternating, on need, individual, couple and family interviews, commented genosociograms, FAT or TAT allowed to detect recurrent and characteristic link configurations, in which Cultural Instance (Kaës, 1998) colours neatly the link space. Thus, could be identified and defined the Relic objects, Co-motherhood and Oedipus-in-law as context emergents informing respectively about genealogical, parental-filial and couple links. That is how a couple and family link psychoanalysis paves the way to a joint reading of three spaces: intra, inter and transsubjective where the subjectivation work occurs. At the same time, it raises questions about link-knitting and failures dealing with the cultural context
Fortin, Marie-Elisa. "Les préjugés entre Québécois natifs et Québécois immigrants : comment une dynamique groupale interculturelle permet-elle l'évolution du préjugé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68349.
Full textNumerous immigrants of different origins, customs, religions and languages are welcomed every year in theQuebec City area, resulting in a growing diversification of the population. The emergence of prejudices andstereotypes towards them is becoming an increasingly worrisome subject and can have concreterepercussions on their reality. Although the second half of the 20th century was marked by the development ofnumerous policies aimed at facilitating the integration of newcomers and the sensitization and openness of thehost society, daily interactions and discriminatory public expressions relating to hateful gestures and words arestill very present in this 21st century Quebec. Although the establishment of cultural mediation spaces inintercultural contexts can lead to greater cultural sensitivity, little research has been done on the effects ofinteractions on the mutual perceptions of natives and immigrants. Considering these different findings, theobjective of this study is to explore how prejudices evolve within an intercultural group experience. Therefore,this research questions how the interactional dynamics within the group can positively transform perceptions ofeach other. From the perspective of symbolic interactionism and social representation theory, this qualitativeresearch is based on the use of MICAM, a model based on mutual accompaniment, cooperation andintercultural mediation, offering a space for interactive exchange, sharing and reflection. Data was collectedfrom five native Quebecers and five immigrant Quebecers, participating in seven group workshops (MICAM)and two semi-directed qualitative interviews (pre- and post-group). The results collected show that this methodoffers sustained contact between individuals, and that listening, testimonials, transmission of information andself-reflection contribute to greater mutual recognition and the development of positive attitudes among thenative-born towards immigrants who interact in the group. These findings demonstrate the relevance ofoffering spaces for cultural mediation in intercultural contexts in order to improve interactions betweennewcomers and members of the host society
Harf-Dubrez, Aurélie. "Les appartenances culturelles des enfants en situation d'adoption internationale : une approche qualitative des perspectives parentales." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H103.
Full textInternational adoption is a specific way to belong to a new filiation. Numerous studies have looked at various aspects of the internationally adopted children's outcome. Some studies have sought to show a correlation between the strength of their cultural identity and their psychological development. However the ethnic and cultural identity subject is missing in French research. Furthermore very few studies have examined the adopted children's cultural identity from the adoptive parents' perspective. The objective of this study is to use parents' discourse to explore their representations of their child's cultural belonging.The study includes 51 French parents who adopted one or more children internationally. Each parent participated in a semi-structured interview. The broad topics covered included the adoption procedure, the choice of country, the trip to the child's native country, the child's history before adoption, the current associations with the child's country of birth, the experiences of racism and discrimination. The sample includes 66 semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed according to a qualitative phenomenological method, Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.The data were published in two original publications and one article has been submitted for publication: The first paper is a review of the cultural identity concept in the population of internationally adopted children.The second paper aims at describing three different parental representations of the child's cultural belonging.The third paper concerns the first parent-child encounters and highlights the difficult, sometimes traumatic experiences made then. We discuss parental representations, and the importance of complexifying the birth culture concept. Is questioning the birth culture replacing questioning the birth parents or even the perceivable physical differences between parents and children? Exploring parental representations of the adopted child enables professionals involved in adoption to provide better support to these families and do preventive work at the level of family interactions
Milazzo, Josepha. "Habiter un village global : migrations et expériences à Cadaqués (Catalogne, Espagne)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666863.
Full textCette thèse, qui vise la formalisation d’une géographie psycho-sociale, aborde le rôle de la psyché et de l’espace dans l’individuation et le rapport à l’autre, à travers l’habiter à Cadaqués, commune semi-rurale touristique de la Costa Brava espagnole, située au sein de la région catalane de l’Empordà, sur la côte méditerranéenne sud-européenne. Participant de la diversité immigrée locale, des non-nationaux extra/européens, souvent réduits au statut de travailleurs étrangers saisonniers et précaires, habitent aussi ce village, pour certains depuis longtemps. Dans cet espace partagé, traversé et riche de lignes de vies complexes, le vivre-ensemble avec autrui connaît pour autant divers compartimentages, liés à des positions sociales différenciées, et au marketing d’une prétendue authenticité autochtone. Une lecture trans-scalaire des évolutions spatiales et une approche biographique des expériences humaines permettent alors d’apprécier les transformations contemporaines du village dans la mondialisation, et les formes du co-habiter qui en résultent. Elles donnent à voir un lieu constitué de l’enchevêtrement séculaire de multiples mouvements matériels et idéels. Mais aussi des écarts, qui sont négociés entre les hommes selon des logiques communautaires mues par des intérêts variés, malgré des infortunes et des aspirations existentielles communes. L’analyse, qui s’appuie sur une enquête qualitative mobilisant un terrain ethnographique avec différents résidents interviewés, des données statistiques, de la presse locale, et l’outil cartographique, montre ainsi un quotidien animé par une pluralité d’univers. Les ferments géo-historiques d’une notoriété et d’une globalité villageoises et les enjeux actuels d’une coprésence héritée, sont mis en exergue par les migrations inter/nationales. Cette étude de cas étendue interroge donc de manière distanciée, située et ordinarisée, une participation des migrants à la localité plus souvent saisie en milieu urbain sous les angles de l’ethnicisme et de l’intégrationnisme méthodologiques. Face à une augmentation du racisme, un court-termisme politique, et une démocraticité discutable des droits à habiter et à se mouvoir en Europe et en Occident, cette thèse suggère la nécessité d’une pensée prospective et utopique renouvelée, sur une socialité respectueuse et promotrice d’altérité, et sur une citoyenneté associant ancrage et mobilité.
This thesis, which seeks to formalize a psycho-social geographical situation, reviews the role of the psyche and of space in individuation and the relationship with the other by studying everyday life in Cadaqués, a semi-rural tourist village on Spain’s Costa Brava, situated in the heart of the Catalan region of Empordà on the South-Mediterranean coast. This village has a diverse local population, given the presence of European and non-European immigrants who are often reduced to the status of foreign seasonal and temporary workers, often long-term. In this shared community, with a wide variety of rich and complex lives, co-habitation with outsiders leads to the emergence of several subgroups based on hierarchical social position and promotion of a so-called native authenticity. A transcalar interpretation of spatial changes and a biographical approach on human experience permits an assessment of contemporary transformations in this village as part of the global world and of different forms of co-habitation that emanate from this situation. It describes a space constituted by a secular interaction of a wide range of material and idealistic changes, while at the same time, exposing the variations negotiated between individuals along community lines and influenced by various interests, despite their shared existential misfortunes and aspirations. This analysis, which is based on a qualitative survey of an ethnographic terrain, interviews with different categories of residents, statistical data, press articles, and mapping, reveals daily life functioning within a plurality of universes. Geohistorical catalysts of notoriety and adherence to globalization processes of the village of Cadaqués, as well as issues arising from a co-habitation between native population and visitors, are both highlighted by inter/national migrations. This extended case study takes a distanced, situated and ordinarized approach to questioning the participation of migrants in their village, a participation that is more often analysed in an urban environment from the perspective of methodological ethnicism and inclusiveness. With the rise in racism, political short-term vision and disputes over conformity to democratic principles, specifically the right to live and move around Europe and the West, this thesis demonstrates the importance of initiating a renewed prospective and utopic approach to a respectful sociality that is capable of promoting otherness and a citizenship that permits both rooting and mobility.
Théoleyre, Malcolm. "Musique arabe, folklore de France ? : musique, politique et communautés musiciennes en contact à Alger durant la période coloniale (1862-1962)." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0038/document.
Full textIn this dissertation, we seek to demonstrate that the history of music in Algiers from the 1860s to independence must be apprehended in terms of meeting and transfers between European and indigenous musical expressions. Characterized by live performance and being a point of contact, musical practice has been understood, as early as the beginning of the 20th century, as a means to create and tighten ties between communities; a purpose to which many actors of civil society have worked, increasingly supported by public authorities. Rubbed together, the different musical genres were modelled and consolidated, so that the Algiers’s so-called “Andalusian” musical tradition was, in fact, shaped by the dialogue between Europeans and indigenes. Thus, from 1862 to 1962, one can speak of Algerian music’s “franco-muslim” path; a path which reveals that the historical significance of Algerian independence in the field of music is as limited as its memorial weight is overwhelming in contemporary nationalist narratives on Algerian music. However, the Algiers musical case might be more telling from a cultural history of modern France point of view: it shows – surprisingly? – that in France, multiculturalism is not tied to imperialism. If one considers for a moment that Algiers, from 1862 to 1962, is not fundamentally “colonial”, admits that it has for a time shared a common destiny with the hexagone, and yields to the fact that it hosted a genuine cultural policy aimed at the promotion of diversity, one is led to wonder if Jacobinism, as is often said, is consubstantial to France
Do, Thanh Marie-Noëlle D. "Différences culturelles au travail : impact sur l'intégration et la santé des travailleurs étrangers." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10515.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the impact of cultural differences on foreign workers’ integration and health. Cultural differences are assessed using the concept of cultural distance between Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, integration using the concept of acculturation, and health using the concept of psychological health at work. The immigrants’ personal resources (proactivity, optimism and resilience) are also considered. The study was conducted in two call centers of a major financial cooperative in Quebec. The sample consists of 100 first generation immigrants in Montreal. The study’s results highlight the significant but moderate impacts of cultural differences on both the psychological health and the acculturation style at work, as well as the significant impact of personal resources (resilience) on foreign workers’ acculturation and psychological health at work. Strong cultural differences would generate greater psychological well-being at work and would engender the adoption of integrative acculturation style. Resilience stands out as a key personal resource for an immigrant’s health. The results further underline the particular role of the work sphere for foreign workers, with scientific literature supporting the idea that the workplace would have a significant impact on their psychological health. In addition to the above, a list of research limitations, recommendations for improvement and paths of action have been suggested.
Laberge, Marie Élizabeth. "Médiation de l'architecture par l'exposition et sa réception par des visiteurs experts et non experts." Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5350/1/D2416.pdf.
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