Academic literature on the topic 'Diversité et divergence génétique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diversité et divergence génétique"
Diop, Abdel Kerim M., Mohamed S. Chrif Ahmed, Mohamed B. Biya, Mohamed Lemine Haki, Gaukhar Konuspayeva, and Bernard Faye. "Comparaison des phénotypes camelins de Mauritanie aux écotypes d’Afrique et d’Asie." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 73, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31948.
Full textDonkpegan, Segbedji Armel Loïc. "Histoire évolutive du complexe Afzelia Smith (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae) dans les écosystèmes forestiers et savanicoles d’Afrique tropicale." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 334 (January 2, 2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2017.334.a31494.
Full textGunn, H. H., S. N. Chimenem-Amadi, V. U. Oleforuh-Okoleh, and B. O. Agaviezor. "Genetic diversity and association of motilin receptor gene between growth traits in Nigerian improved native chickens." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 5 (November 10, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i5.3184.
Full textKREMER (Antoine). "Changements climatiques et diversité génétique." Revue Forestière Française, sp (2000): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/5408.
Full textDUCOUSSO (Alexis) and JARRET (Pascal). "Diversité génétique des chênes et gestion forestière." Revue Forestière Française, sp (2001): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/5285.
Full textRoquebert, B., F. Damond, F. Brun-Vézinet, and D. Descamps. "Diversité génétique des VIH et ses conséquences." Pathologie Biologie 57, no. 2 (March 2009): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patbio.2008.04.004.
Full textMarry, E. "Diversité génétique et greffe de moelle osseuse." Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique 105, no. 2 (March 27, 2012): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13149-012-0228-y.
Full textDe Braekeleer, Marc. "Homogénéité génétique des Canadiens français du Québec : mythe ou réalité?" Articles 19, no. 1 (March 25, 2004): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010032ar.
Full textGnagra Wognin, Marie-Thérèse, Didier Paulin Sokouri, Cyrille N’gouan Kouassi, Guiguigbaza K Dayo, Yté Wongbé, and Yapi-Gnaoré Chia Valentine. "Diversité génétique de six populations de Heterobranchus longifilis de Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 44, no. 2 (May 31, 2020): 7621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v44-2.2.
Full textKREMER (Antoine), PETIT (Rémy-J.), and DUCOUSSO (Alexis). "Biologie évolutive et diversité génétique des chênes sessile et pédonculé." Revue Forestière Française, no. 2 (2002): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/4907.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Diversité et divergence génétique"
Montaigne, William. "Diversité génétique et adaptation au milieu chez les arbres forestiers tropicaux : étude chez le genre Virola (Myristicaceae)." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0480/document.
Full textGenetic diversity is an essential component of biodiversity. The maintenance of sufficient genetic resources is needed to ensure the adaptive potential and the viability of natural populations. In the current context of global changes, the study of adaptation in living organisms is a key task, particularly for tropical forest trees that are dominant components (in terms of biomass and as ecological drivers) of some of the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. The main objective of this thesis is to characterize genetic diversity and genetic variability to understand the evolutionary processes that act on them. This ecological-genetic study was carried out at the interspecific and intraspecific level in the Virola genus.If overall high levels of genetic diversity are a guarantee of prosperity for the future of the species, it seems essential to perform studies on the impact of environmental disturbance on genetic diversity. In the first section, the genetic consequences of regeneration dynamics were studied in an exhaustive sample of V. michelii in a low-intensity logging plot and in a control plot at the Paracou experimental site. A greater genetic diversity, measured from AFLP markers (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism, N = 229), was found in perturbed areas. Because studying genetic diversity within species may be useful for understanding species adaptation to environmental changes, in the second section. I studied local adaptation in a population of V. michelii on the Paracou experimental site. A genome scan approach with AFLPs (N = 229) was conducted on 77 adult individuals and 401 juveniles to identify genetic differences between populations associated to contrasting conditions for an array of environmental variables. Some loci (N = 2) were found to be subject to divergent selection, indicating adaptation to contrasting habitats.In the third section, the study of levels of genetic divergence in three Virola species of the Guiana Shield (V. michelii, V. surinamensis and V. kwatae) was investigated for nuclear and chloroplast molecular markers. V. surinamensis and V. kwatae showed strong genetic similarities despite their contrasting habitats preferences. Coalescent analyses have revealed, on one hand, a recent divergence between these two species suggesting an ecological speciation, and one the other hand that interspecific gene flow occurs between these sister-species.This work focuses on understanding evolutionary processes shaping genetic diversity and provides a useful contribution for biodiversity conservation programs
Barry, Pierre. "Rôles des contraintes génomiques et des traits d'histoire de vie dans la spéciation : une approche de génomique comparative." Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG007.
Full textSpeciation is the evolutionary process through which a species splits into two lineages that diverge and accumulate reproductive barriers, until complete reproductive isolation is achieved. During this process, the diverging lineages can still exchange genes by hybridisation, but gene flow is progressively restricted by the accumulation of barriers. This results in semi-permeable genomes, whereby some loci exchange freely between lineages and remain undifferentiated while others do not introgress, thus contributing to the establishment of divergent genomic regions, called genomic islands of speciation. The study of the establishment, accumulation, erosion and maintenance of these barriers and their effects on the semipermeability of the genomes of lineages undergoing speciation helps to understand how new species are formed. The advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques has made it possible to characterise the genomic landscape of divergence in multiple lineages undergoing speciation across the tree of life. These studies have shown the influence of the demographic history and genomic architecture as major determinants of the genomic landscape of divergence. However, other factors could intervene and explain the diversity of evolutionary trajectories that may or may not lead to speciation. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the impact of species' life history traits on speciation. We have chosen to study 20 marine fish species subdivided into two lineages (Atlantic and Mediterranean), and presenting a wide diversity of degrees of divergence and life history traits. These traits are thought to impact on the intensity of genetic drift, dispersal abilities and generation time of the species. In the first chapter, we studied the determinants of genetic diversity, the substrate on which divergence is built during the initial separation of lineages. We observed that adult longevity of marine fishes is negatively correlated w ith genetic diversity, and we demonstrated that this relationship could be explained by a greater variance in reproductive success in long-lived species due to reproductive strategies specific to marine fishes (high juvenile mortality, low adult mortality and increased fecundity with age). Then, in a second chapter, we discovered a great diversity of evolutionary histories between species, characterised by a strong gradient of genetic divergence between Atlantic and Mediterranean lineages. This gradient partly reflects the level of semi-permeability of the genomes. Species with low differentiation show low reproductive isolation, whereas the most highly differentiated species show almost complete reproductive isolation. Species' life history traits partly explain this diversity in isolation levels via different mechanisms. Larval duration negatively influences genetic differentiation by modulating dispersal capacities, the effect of body size indicates a negative effect of long-term abundance on divergence, while longevity seems to impact the number of generations elapsed since ancestral separation. In conclusion, the 20 species studied show a surprising variability of evolutionary histories considering the similarities of their biogeographic history and genomic architecture. The relationships between life-history traits and the evolutionary history of the species proved to be complex, but we were nevertheless able to shed light on some of them by decomposing the involvement of traits in the different stages of speciation. The application of the comparative genomics approach developed in this thesis to other suture zones will further extend our knowledge of the determinants of the tempo and mode of speciation
Ghaleb, Wagdi. "Analyse de la diversité génétique de la réponse germinative à la température de populations de Lolium perenne L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb et Dactylis glomerata L." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2273.
Full textSeed germination is an important step in the plant's life cycle, affecting the development, survival and dynamics of seedling populations. Germination begins with the absorption of water by the seed and ends with the elongation of the embryonic axis outside the integument.It is influenced by environmental factors and the genetic heritage of the seed. Temperature is one of the most important factors, which regulates germination in three ways: by determining germination capacity and germination rate, by removing primary and/or secondary dormancy, and by inducing secondary dormancy.The objective of this work is to analyze the genetic diversity of the germinative response to temperature of populations of Lolium perenne L, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, and Dactylis glomerata L.In this study, we distinguished different types of temperature responses, indicating that genetic diversity exists between lots of each species. In this study, we distinguished different types of responses to temperature, indicating that genetic diversity exists between lots of each species. These differences in responses, at constant temperatures between 5 and 32°C, were observed in terms of maximum germination percentage, germination rate (α), germination start time (tc) and time required to reach 95 % of final germination (t95%).Divergent selections were made on the capacity to germinate at sub-optimal temperatures in populations of Lolium perenne L. In a population from the Reims region, there is an important effect of selection for the capacity to germinate at 10 °C, which could be explained by the presence of a major dominant gene for seed dormancy at low-temperature, in segregated within the population. The comparison of allelic frequencies for many markers distributed over the genome between individuals germinating and those not germinating at different temperatures has identified many genes potentially involved in the ability of individuals to germinate at these temperatures. The effect of these genes has yet to be validated, for example by expression studies or by the study of populations created by selection to carry contrasting alleles
Leroy, Grégoire. "Diversité génétique et gestion génétique des races canines." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004844.
Full textPerez, Jean-Marie. "Diversité génétique et antigénique de cowdria ruminantium." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077126.
Full textCheikh, Al Bassatneh Marwan. "Diversité taxonomique, phylogénétique et fonctionnelle en région méditerranéenne : congruence ou divergence ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0499.
Full textThe objectives of the thesis are to analyze biodiversity in the European Mediterranean region at the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional levels and understand why these different estimates of biodiversity are convergent or not in a spatialized context and how various environmental factors may explain this convergence or its absence.In this context, the thesis first focused on generating new phylogenetic trees of Mediterranean trees integrating the endemic species of this region, to increase significantly the resolution of current phylogenies. Then, using these phylogenies, indices of phylogenetic diversity were estimated at different scales (country, island, biogeographic zone) and compared with other indices of biodiversity (functional and taxonomic) and to correlatively study the impact of environmental variables on these different biodiversity indices
Dordet-Frisoni, Emilie. "Staphylococcus xylosus : cartographie du génome et diversité génétique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718141.
Full textQuero, Garcia José. "Diversité génétique et amélioration des taros du Vanuatu." Montpellier, ENSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENSA0009.
Full textThis study has been conducted both in Montpellier (CIRAD-Biotrop) and in Vanuatu. The plant material used was issued from the taro national collection of Vanuatu and from a series of full-sib crosses. Agro-morphological descriptors, as well as AFLP molecular markers, have allowed us to validate a method for stratifying taro germplasm collections. Several studies of genetic diversity, based on AFLP and SSR markers, have shown a stronger polymorphism as compared with previous isoenzyme results. The sources of diversity might originate from multiple introductions, from the accumulation of somatic mutations and from sexual reproduction, traditionally considered as very rare. Studies of family heritability and narrow sense heritability (estimated through the parents-offspring regression) have proven that the number of stolons and suckers, the corm shape and the dry matter content shared higher heritabilities than the yield or its components. This result, added to a high percentage of valuable hybrids within several families, highlights the importance of family selection in taro breeding programs. Finally, after building two weakly saturated genetic maps (containing each about 170 markers), one QTL explaining a large part of the phenotypic variance has been detected for the yield. Several other putative QTLs have been observed for traits related to vigour (corm dimensions, plant height and leaf dimensions). Furthermore, several markers were found closely linked to the yellow colour of the corm and a hypothesis concerning the existence of a major gene has been proposed
Passerini, Delphine. "Diversité génétique, génomique et fonctionnelle de Lactococcus lactis." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0041/document.
Full textThe Lactococcus lactis species belong to lactic acid bacteria group widely used for their ability to produce lactic acid in fermented dairy products. The study of the global diversity of L. lactis ssp. lactis was carry out by the integration of biological data obtained from genetic, genomic, physiological, transcriptomic and metabolic analyses. The genetic variability investigated by MLST (MultiLocus Sequence Typing) describe two strains groups according to their phylogeny : the “environmental” strains, displaying high genetic diversity and isolated from different natural environments such as raw milks, plants and animals and the “domesticated” strains, genetically closely related, isolated from starters in dairy industries. Despite the lost of genetic diversity in domesticated strains, probably associated to a specialisation process, the integrative approach showed a genomic and functional diversity as huge as in environmental strains. The characterization of chromosome size and plasmidic content of the lactis subspecies revealed a variation higher than 300 kb in genetic coding capacity for domesticated and environmental strains. Moreover, the domesticated strains belonging to the biovar Diacetylactis showed different physiologies and metabolic regulations resulting in variable amount of aroma produced according to the strains. Finally, the genome sequencing of the A12 strain isolated from sourdough bread and its comparison with 4 other L. lactis genomes already sequenced revealed a spread pangenome (all the genes of a species). Approximately 20 % of each genome correspond to strain specific genes, showing large adaptive capacities of the subspecies. The in-depth study of the A12 strain by transcriptomic analysis allows to highlight mechanisms involved in the adaptation of a strain to a complex ecosystem
Molinier, Virginie. "Diversité génétique et aromatique de la truffe de Bourgogne." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS021/document.
Full textTruffles are ectomycorrhizal Ascomycota fungi belonging to the Tuberaceae family and more specifically to the Tuber genus. More than thirty Tuber species are currently described in Europe. In this thesis, we specifically focused on the Tuber aestivum-uncinatum model. This truffle is commonly called "Burgundy Truffle" and has a gastronomic and cultural interest.The first part of this thesis focused on the taxonomic status of the Burgundy truffle (Tuber uncinatum). For this, we used a multi-marker approach combining several genetic markers commonly used at the interspecific scale. Our analyses showed that the two taxa, Tuber aestivum (summer truffle) and Tuber uncinatum are conspecific.In the second part, we addressed the genetic diversity of Tuber aestivum. To do this, we firstly developed specific microsatellite markers by "direct shotgun pyrosequencing". This method has allowed the development of 15 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Then, we used those markers to genotype individuals from different European locations. We have identified four differentiated subpopulations that not correspond, for the majority, to a geographical distribution. However, one cluster differs from the others by its location (south of France) and its genetic characteristics (presence of rare alleles). These preliminary results may indicate the existence of a particular ecotype attached to a southern ecology: Tuber aestivum sensu stricto.We were then interested, in the third part of this thesis, to the aromatic diversity of Tuber aestivum at a local scale. Our results highlight the existence of a moderate differentiation between individuals from a natural truffle orchard and individuals from planted orchard. From one season to another, genotypic stability was observed. Only C8 volatile organic compounds seem to be related to the genotypes.In the last part, we analyzed harvesting data, over more than thirty years, from an hazelnut truffle orchard initially inoculated by Tuber melanosporum. Through simple statistical analyzes, we noted changes in both quantity and weight of truffles harvested according to the seasons and hazelnut trees. It appears that Tuber aestivum rapidly replaced Tuber melanosporum (in three years). The disappearance of Tuber melanosporum can probably be explained by the canopy closure; Tuber melanosporum not appreciating excessive shading
Books on the topic "Diversité et divergence génétique"
Hamdi, Khawla, and Neji Tarchoun. Diversité génétique des semences locales Tunisiennes de courge: Caractérisation morphologique, moléculaire et biotechnologique des courges Tunisiennes. Éditions universitaires européennes, 2021.
Find full textMangeot, Mathieu, and Agnès Tutin, eds. Lexique(s) et genre(s) textuel(s) : approches sur corpus. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.9782813003454.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Diversité et divergence génétique"
Klarsfeld, Alain, Yvette Allan, and Magali Larquey. "Chapitre 9. Attentes de carrière des femmes et des hommes : convergence ou divergence ?" In Management de la diversité des ressources humaines, 194–209. Vuibert, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/vuib.bende.2018.01.0194.
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