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Academic literature on the topic 'Diversité végétale – Conservation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diversité végétale – Conservation"
Mikoungui Gomo, Mat-Sheridan, Donatien N’zala, and Saint Fédriche Ndzai. "Diversité floristique des dépendances vertes périurbaines de Brazzaville (Congo) menacées de dégradation." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 7 (2020): 2567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i7.16.
Full textGone Bi, ZB, D. Kouame, I. Kone, and CY Adou Yao. "Diversité végétale et valeur de conservation pour la Biodiversité du Parc National du Mont Péko, une aire protégée, menacée de disparition en Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Applied Biosciences 71, no. 1 (2013): 5753. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v71i1.98820.
Full textNiwah, Claudette Baye, Gilbert Todou, Konsala Souare, Abassi Abdoulaye, Sakitai Bay, and Efuet Atem. "Diversité et usages des plantes ligneuses des agrosystèmes périphériques de la ville de Maroua (Extrême-Nord, Cameroun)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 3 (2020): 966–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.25.
Full textBognounou, Fidèle, Adjima Thiombiano, Patrice Savadogo, Joseph Issaka Boussim, Per Christer Oden, and Sita Guinko. "Structure et composition spécifique de la végétation ligneuse de quatre sites sur un gradient latitudinal au Burkina Faso occidental." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 300, no. 300 (2009): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2009.300.a20412.
Full textBlanchard, Elodie, Philippe Birnbaum, Christophe Proisy, et al. "Prédire la structure des forêts tropicales humides calédoniennes: analyse texturale de la canopée sur des images Pléiades." Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, no. 209 (January 29, 2015): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2015.226.
Full textAjbilou, Redouan, Teodoro Marañón, Juan Arroyo, and Mohammed Ater. "Structure et diversité de la strate arbustive des forêts de la Péninsule Tingitane (Maroc)." Acta Botanica Malacitana 32 (December 1, 2007): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v32i0.7034.
Full textDourma, Marra, Kperkouma Wala, Ronald Bellefontaine, Komlan Batawila, Kutzo-Atsu Guelly, and Koffi Akpagana. "Comparaison de l'utilisation des ressources forestières et de la régénération entre deux types de forêts claires à Isoberlinia au Togo." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 302, no. 302 (2009): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2009.302.a20400.
Full textTraore, El Hadji, Cheikh Alassane Fall, Djby Dia, Dingamgoto Jesse Barde, Séga Ndao, and Cheikh Sall. "Ressources fourragères, affourragement et pâturage dans le Sud et à l’Est du Sénégal." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 3 (2020): 940–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.23.
Full textYIANNIKOURIS, A., and J. P. JOUANY. "Les mycotoxines dans les aliments des ruminants, leur devenir et leurs effets chez l’animal." INRAE Productions Animales 15, no. 1 (2002): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2002.15.1.3683.
Full textRYSCHAWY, J., M. BENOIT, N. HOSTIOU, and C. DELFOSSE. "Quelles concurrences et synergies entre cultures et élevage dans les territoires de polyculture-élevage ?" INRA Productions Animales 30, no. 4 (2018): 363–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2017.30.4.2266.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Diversité végétale – Conservation"
Damien, Maxime. "Favoriser les ennemis naturels de ravageurs par la diversité végétale dans un contexte hivernal." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B027/document.
Full textIntensive agriculture and global warming induced deep modifications in the agricultural landscapes’ biodiversity and trophic system structures, resulting in the loss of several ecosystem services such as pest biological control. Conservation biological control aims to restore trophic systems’ stability within arable lands by using plant diversity and creating functional habitats for natural enemies. This thesis aimed at identifying how vegetal diversity and its management during the winter season could favor aphids’ natural enemies in cereal intensive agricultural landscapes from the west part of France. Laboratory research and a follow-up of populations over three consecutive winters led to significant results, further developed in this thesis. The experimental laboratory research showed that the selection of the flower diversity used in sown winter cover crops should take into account their functional traits. It is indeed necessary to use a variety of species, thus combining attractiveness and profitability for the aphid’s parasites present in the agricultural mosaic during wintertime. At the field scale, studies demonstrated that warmer winter conditions are also favoring the activity of generalist ground dwelling predators, as well as that of parasitoids. The implementation of functional habitats, through the selection of an adequate plant diversity better adapted to the changing climates and to the aphids’ natural enemies’ needs, allowed to support the ground predators’ activities. Consequently, their increased activity should contribute to the early regulation of aphid populations, allowing to decrease the intensity of their population dynamics during the growing seasons. The results obtained in this thesis suggest that winter constitutes a favorable period/season for the development of new methods within the conservation biological control framework/biological control framework for conservation in temperate climatic areas
Salhi, Nadia. "Eléments de déterminisme de la diversité végétale des ilots boisés dans la région d'openfield (Brie francilienne)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MNHN0024.
Full textMeunier, Geneviève. "Le gaillet mollugine (Galium mollugo L.) envahisseur : analyse de sa répartition et de ses impacts sur la diversité végétale au parc national du Bic." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25467/25467.pdf.
Full textGourmelon, Véronique. "Formations végétales et diversité microbienne des substrats ultramafiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie, implication pour la conservation et la restauration écologique." Thesis, Nouvelle Calédonie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NCAL0009/document.
Full textSoil bacteria and fungi play different functions in terrestrial ecosystems. They are implicated in soil formations, aggregate stability, and plant succession. New Caledonia is a subtropical archipelago, classified as a biodiverse hotspot and a third of its surface is covered by ultramafic soils. These soils are characterised by low concentrations of nutrients (N, K, P) and high concentrations of heavy metals (Ni, Co, Cr, Mn). Ecosystems present in these soils are origina and diversified but strongly threatened by mining activity. It is a necessity to restore these ecosystems after ore exploitation. However, to correctly restorethese environments and relaunch plant dynamics, it is important to identify the microbial communities associated with these ecosystems as well as the structuring factors.This research enabled us to improve our knowledge of microbial communities from different ecosystems on New Caledonian ultramafic substrates, as well as the interactions which exist between these microorganisms and biotic and abiotic factors. Results obtained showed that each plant formation and each site possessed its own microbial community,hence the interest in conserving and protecting New Caledonian ecosystems. Moreover, these works also showed the capacity of bacterial and fungal communities to be used as bioindicators, and more particularly fungal communities which are more sensitive to disturbance and plant cover variations. It has also been demonstrated that in monospecific maquis and rainforests, ectomycorrhizal communities have similar functions in the production of degradative enzymes of organic matter. This research improved understanding of microbial communities associated with plant formations on ultramafic substrates as well as structuring factors. This should improve the implementation of future restoration projectson these ecosystems
Vaquié, Agathe. "Diversité intra- et interspécifique dans les systèmes céréaliers et ses effets sur la régulation des ravageurs." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0008/document.
Full textIncreasing intrafield plant diversity has been shown to regulate pest populations in various agroecosystems. Polyvarietal mixtures of a crop species (intraspecific diversity) or associations of a crop and a companion plant (interspecific diversity) are both considered as promising agroecological practices for low-input or organic agriculture systems by providing several ecosystem services such as pest, disease and weed control, and nitrogen fertilization. However, combining both diversification practices has not been studied yet in perspective of winter wheat pest control.In organic field experiments over two growing seasons, we combined both practices and examined the direct impact on aphid and natural enemy populations and on wheat production. We also investigated the potential pest regulation service through the assessment of the rate of predation by using sentinel preys.Results show that combining intra- and interspecific diversity did not outperform each practice individually in reducing aphid populations, thus not clearly showing synergetic effects. Taken separately, intercropping tended to have lower aphid infestation, while it the cultivar mixtures was more infested by aphids than the least susceptible cultivar. Yearly variation in climatic conditions strongly impacted wheat and clover development, as well as the appearance of aphid peaks. Wheat yields and grain nitrogen content were reduced in intercropping by 7 to 10%, but not in cultivar mixtures. Functional biodiversity, especially natural enemies such as ground beetles, tended to be positively correlated to the presence of a clover cover in the wheat fields (interspecific diversification), but did not respond to the wheat cultivar mixture (intraspecific diversification). Results varied according to the family of arthropods concerned and their position within the vegetation layer (ground dwelling or foliage dwelling arthropods). The cover of white clover and the field context influenced the community composition of predatory ground dwelling beetles. Rates of predation on sentinel preys were not influenced by any of the diversification practices.Under laboratory conditions, we evaluated how combining wheat and legumes (clover or pea) modifies the behaviour of the cereal aphid Sitobion avenae in terms of host-plant location, and population growth. We observed that aphids’ residence time on wheat was decreased when this host-plant was intercropped with clover. At the population level, wheat-legume intercrops reduced the number of aphids on wheat plants compared to wheat sole crops but if we take into account plant biomass, only intercropping clover with wheat significantly reduced aphid densities on wheat. The species used as non-host plants and their density are important parameters that should be taken into account in studies on intercropping systems and that may explain the large variability in the results observed in the literature.Our findings suggest that intrafield diversification may regulate wheat aphids to some extent, but combining the two diversification practices did not result in an interesting trade-off between pest regulation and wheat production in real farming conditions
Wang, Yusha. "Contrôle biologique par conservation effets des plantes non cultivées sur les communautés d'arthropodes inféodées aux agrosystèmes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6047.
Full textConservation biological control is the deliberate manipulation of agro-ecosystems and their close environment to enhance the performance of natural enemies (e.g. survival, fitness, and/or behaviour) and thus improve their efficacy against pests. Non-crop plants are grown to create an environment that is detrimental to pests and diseases and/or beneficial to biological control agents. The aim of the Ph.D study was to disentangle how non-crop plants might affect interactions among crop plants, herbivores and their natural enemies at both the individual (life-history traits) and population (population dynamics) levels. We first reviewed the literature and did meta-analysis about the impact of non- crop plants on many natural enemy performance traits. Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae families are found to be the most potentially beneficial plant family for natural enemies, carefully selecting and mixting non-crop plants are necessary to the promote biocontrol efficiency. Secondly, we evaluated the impact of three diversity levels of non-crop plants on insect communities. The studies were carried on two agrosystems based on wheat-maize and tomato in the field. The results showed a strong effect of increased diversity of non-crop plants on biological control and on the temporal dynamics of natural enemy-pest interactions. Non-crop plants diversity had a positive impact on higher trophic levels (natural enemies), biocontrol of pests, community biodiversity, food web stability, and crop yields. Thirdly, we found evidence of the adding of selected non-crop plants can enhance the longevity and/or reproduction of Harmonia axyridis in lab experiments and could be non-crop candidates used to diversify the agro-ecosystems to boost biological control
Merck, Florence. "La biodiversité végétale au service des ingrédients naturels : étude des propriétés antimicrobiennes et antioxydantes d’extraits végétaux et développement d’un conservateur naturel pour l’industrie cosmétique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4118/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is part of the NATUBAVAL project that aims at discovering new natural preservatives for the cosmetics industry, issued from one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots: the Mediterranean Basin. Seventeen plant extracts were obtained and screened for their antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans and their antioxidant capacity. Santolina chamaecyparissus extract was found to present superior properties and selected for further investigation. A bioguided fractionation permitted to isolate the major compound of the most active fraction, that was identified as the active compound, a known spiroketal enol from the polyacetylenes family. An optimization of the crude extract of interest was then performed in order to maximize its activity and to face the challenge of an industrial scale-up and its incorporation in a cosmetic formulation. Finally, this study introduces a natural ingredient development strategy that might potentially be used as an alternative to synthetic preservatives in cosmetics
Derrouch, Damien. "Adoption de l’agriculture de conservation : adaptations agronomiques et réponses des communautés adventices." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK052.
Full textConservation agriculture is a farming system based on the continuous and simultaneous application of three principles: minimal soil disturbance, continuous residue cover on the soil surface and diverse crop rotations. Adoption of this form of sustainable agriculture in France since the 2000s has been hampered by a number of constraints, including the development and management of weed populations. From an agronomic point of view, the adoption of conservation agriculture and associated abandonment of tillage results in a significant loss of weed management practices for farmers. From an ecological point of view, its application can modify all the assembly processes that act on weed communities.To address the lack of existing knowledge on the subject, we were interested in 1) how farmers using conservation agriculture adapt their cropping practices and their weed management and 2) how weed communities respond to a continued application of conservation agriculture principles. To meet our objectives, two survey designs were used: a national online survey of application of conservation agriculture practices and a regional survey of a network of farm plots applying conservation agriculture in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.Although adaptations of weed management practices may vary between farmers, the results showed that farmers using conservation agriculture compensate for the abandonment of tillage by employing different management practices related to chemical weeding (especially during the intercropping period) and plant competition (cover crop, combined/companion crops, sowing rate optimization). The mastered use of weed management practices following the principles of conservation agriculture, particularly the optimization of crop rotation, tends to be achieved only after several years (average 5 years) for a majority of farmers.For weed communities, the adoption of conservation agriculture results in a modification of the environmental and biological constraints that act on community assembly processes, thus gradually allowing new species to become established. The long-term application of conservation agriculture tends to result in the convergence of the taxonomic (species) and functional (traits) composition of the weed communities. This convergence is nevertheless modulated by local conditions: the weed flora occurring on a plot depends on the duration of the application of conservation agriculture and the identity of the crop established. The greatest taxonomic and functional shift in the weed community occurred following 10 years of conservation agriculture.In an overall context of policies aimed at decreasing pesticide use, and given the current importance of synthetic herbicides in weed management, the efficacy of conservation agriculture in controlling weeds may be questioned despite the very significant investment made by farmers in this system that aims to contribute to a sustainable agriculture
Saint-Pierre, Louise. "Le patrimoine à la carte : individualisation, réflexivité et globalisation dans le processus de patrimonialisation du végétal domestique au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19081.
Full textPouget, Marine. "Comment préserver l'héritage évolutif singulier des végétaux endémiques méditerranéens ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4338/document.
Full textDiversity patterns are temporary state in a dynamic continuum of ecological and evolutionary changes. Thus, conservation policies have to integrate this dynamics and Conservation priorities have to be oriented towards the processes which generate and maintain diversity. Conserving biodiversity without needing to measure all its different components, it is necessary to search for biological and ecological surrogates. An original approach is to assess the capacity of phylogeography to define these surrogates. Indeed, the phylogeography allows providing indices for diversification zonation and can be used to delineate the units (e.g. evolutionary significant units) that support diversification at intraspecific level. The main objective of this work is to evaluate, in terms of targets and surrogates, the role of phylogeography for conservation of the Mediterranean flora. We based our analyses on two study areas of the South-East France harbouring two endemic species: the coastal ranges of Maritime Alps where Acis nicaeensis grows, and the calcareous Provence where Arenaria provincialis is found. The phylogeography of Arenaria provincialis revealed a spatial distribution of persistence and divergence. Our study highlights the critical role of phylogeography in the search for optimal criteria for defining the conservation strategies. The marked differences of genetic and ecology in populations of Acis nicaeensis but also in terms of its vulnerability to urbanization are highlighted in a local scale. The results demonstrate the need of conservation actions designed for small areas to avoid the loss of Acis nicaeensis evolutionary legacy
Books on the topic "Diversité végétale – Conservation"
(Foreword), Daniel H. Janzen, Gary A. Krupnick (Editor), and W. John Kress (Editor), eds. Plant Conservation: A Natural History Approach. University Of Chicago Press, 2005.