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Journal articles on the topic 'Diversity of Algae'
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Rasha Hamdy, Rasha Hamdy. "Diversity and Distribution of Polychaetes Associated with Macroalgae along the Alexandria Coast, Egypt." journal of king abdulaziz university marine science 28, no. 2 (2018): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/mar.28-2.5.
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The relationship between benthic macroalgae and associated polychaetes was studied monthly from October 2014 to October 2015 along the Alexandria coast, Egypt. A total of 56 polychaete species were found among 28 macroalgal species, which belonging to green, brown and red algae. The red algae hosted pronouncedly higher number of polychaete species than the brown and green algae, particularly during winter and spring, while green algae were associated with higher number of polychaete species in January, April, August and October 2015. In contrast, the average count of polychaete individuals associated with the green algae was higher in winter and autumn than that recorded with the red algae, while low with both red and green algae in spring and summer, and very poor within the brown algae. The present study revealed that the structure of algal species my affect the diversity and abundance of the associated polychaetes and the diversity of these worms varied among the hosting algal species.
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Zakiryanov, I. G., V. A. Luchinina, and N. V. Sennikov. "MICROFACIES AND PALEOALGOLOGICAL COMPLEXES OF CARBONATES OF THE UPPER ORDOVICIAN TACHALOV SECTION (WEST OF GORNY ALTAI)." Geology and mineral resources of Siberia 2, no. 4 (2023): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20403/2078-0575-2023-4b-109-118.
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The article presents the study results of carbonaceous rocks and taxonomic diversity of the Upper Ordovician calcareous algae of the Tachalov section left half, located on the left side of the same-name creek in the central district of the Charysh-Inya structure-facies zone of Gorny Altai. Six microfacies are distinguished in rocks: algal-bacterial boundstones, crinoid mudstones, crinoid-algal wackestones, polybioclastic wackestones, crinoid-algal packstone-wackestones and crinoid-algal packstones. Calcareous algae of the following genera were recorded in limestones: Proaulopora Volgdin, 1934 (Ms), Girvanella Nicholson et Etheridge, 1878, Vermiporella Stolley, 1893, Apidium Stolley, 1896, Ortonella Garwood, 1914, Contexta Gnilovskaja, 1972, Halysis Høeg, 1932, Rothpletzella Wood, 1948. It is found, that during the formation of biohermal buildups in more active hydrodynamics, different groups of calcareous algae react either by increasing species diversity (like green algae) or by increasing the number of organisms of the same species (like red algae).
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Shen, Yuefeng, and Fritz Neuweiler. "Taphocoenoses and diversification patterns of calcimicrobes and calcareous algae, Ordovician, Tarim Basin, China." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 7 (2016): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2015-0173.
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Despite the crucial role of epibenthic primary producers (cyanobacteria, green and red algae), no diversity curves for calcimicrobes and calcareous algae are available to assess the pyramiding paleoecology characterizing the Ordovician biodiversification episode. A total of 24 taxa of calcimicrobes and calcareous algae are identified from a Dapingian to lower Katian succession of carbonate sedimentary rocks exposed at the Leyayilitag ridge, Bachu Uplift, Tarim Basin, northwest China. Calcimicrobes (14 taxa), Dasycladales (seven taxa), Bryopsidales (one taxon), and Cyclocrinales (two taxa) contribute to five distinct taphocoenoses characterizing a suite of carbonate mounds. In stratigraphic order, these are calathid sponge mounds, algal calcimicrobial mounds, algal mounds, algal reefs, and calcimicrobial mounds. Within the lower Katian Belodina confluens Zone, the diversity increases substantially from around 5 to more than 20 taxa per 2 Ma. This increase in diversity is based on new calcimicrobes (Bija, Ortonella, Garwoodia, Hedstroemia, Rothpletzella, Phacelophyton, Rauserina) and the diversification of Dasycladales and Cyclocrinales. By comparison, the global diversity of calcimicrobes and calcareous algae (derived from literature data) started to increase earlier, namely within the late Darriwilian Pygodus serra Zone (offset of about 4 Ma). This offset might be due to the peculiar lithology of the Sandbian Tumuxiuke Formation (condensed section of red nodular limestones bounded by disconformities). However, a similar temporal offset is recorded for calathid sponge mounds; therefore, the Tarim tectonic microplate (Tarim Block) might display an endemic–anachronistic character. The diversity curves of Ordovician benthic primary producers (calcimicrobes, calcareous algae) are similar to those recorded by some fossil groups, in particular eleutherozoan echinoderms.
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Marazzi, Luca, Anson W. Mackay, Richard Mazebedi, and Vivienne J. Jones. "Assemblage Patterns of Microalgae along the Upstream to Downstream Gradient of the Okavango Delta: Abundance, Taxonomic Diversity, and Functional Diversity." Water 15, no. 15 (2023): 2692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15152692.
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This study addresses the gap in understanding the diversity, species, and functional trait distribution of different algal groups that occur in the Okavango Delta (a near-pristine subtropical wetland in northwestern Botswana) across hydrological and habitat gradients. We systematically characterize the delta’s algal flora, addressing the gap left by previous research that was limited to single algal groups (e.g., diatoms) and/or only looking at upstream areas in the Okavango River basin. We analyzed 130 algal samples from 49 upstream and downstream sites with higher and lower flooding frequency, respectively, across a river-to-floodplain habitat gradient. Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta dominated both abundance and taxon richness (>80%) of the total 494 taxa found from 49,158 algal units counted (cells, colonies, coenobia, and filaments). Smaller algae were more abundant in downstream floodplains than in upstream channels and lagoons. Motile and siliceous algae were much more abundant than non-motile, nitrogen fixing, and phagotrophic algae. The frequency of these traits was associated more with flooding frequency than habitat type. The highest algal richness and diversity were found downstream, where shallow floodplain ecosystems with seasonally fluctuating water depths offer greater habitat heterogeneity, and macronutrients are resuspended. The increasing threats from upstream water abstraction plans, fracking, and climate change require enhanced protection and monitoring of the Okavango Delta’s natural annual flood-pulse to maintain the high species and functional diversity of this unique wetland’s microalgae.
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Akter, Liza, Md Akram Ullah, Mohammad Belal Hossain, et al. "Diversity and Assemblage of Harmful Algae in Homestead Fish Ponds in a Tropical Coastal Area." Biology 11, no. 9 (2022): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11091335.
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Algae are the naturally produced food for fish in any aquatic ecosystem and an indicator of a productive pond. However, excess abundance of harmful algae can have detrimental effects on fish health. In this study, the algal communities of 30 coastal homestead fish ponds were investigated to identify the diversity, assemblage and controlling environmental variables of harmful algae from a tropical coastal area. The findings showed that 81 of the 89 genera of identified algae were harmful, with the majority of them being in the classes of Cyanophyceae (50.81%), Chlorophyceae (23.75%), Bacillariophyceae (9.5%), and Euglenophyceae (8.47%). Microcystis spp. alone contributed 28.24% to the total abundance of harmful algae. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in algal abundance were found among the ponds with the highest abundance (470 ± 141.74 × 103 cells L−1) at pond (S25) near agricultural fields and the lowest abundance (109.33 ± 46.91 × 103 cells L−1) at pond (S14) which was lacking sufficient sunlight and nutrients. Diversity indices, e.g., dominance (D), evenness (J′), richness (d) and Shannon diversity index (H′) ranged from 0.17 to 0.44, 0.23 to 0.6, 0.35 to 2.23 and 0.7 to 1.79, respectively, indicating a moderate range of diversity and community stability. Community composition analysis showed the assemblage was dominated by Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae, whereas, multivariate cluster analyses (CA) identified 11 major clusters. To identify the factors controlling their distribution or community assemblages, eight environmental variables (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, transparency, nitrates, phosphates and sulphate) were measured. ANOVA analysis showed that the variables significantly differed (p < 0.05) among the ponds, and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) demonstrated that DO, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates, salinity and transparency have the most impact on the abundance of algal genera. In addition, analyses with Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that the abundance of total algae, diversity and community were mainly governed by phosphates and sulphates. These results can be used to identify and control these toxic algal groups in the local aquaculture sector.
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Deislie, Roxmerie HK, and S.I. Menajang Febri. "Biodiversity, Density, Distribution Patterns and Cell Structure of Algae in Manado Bay." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 6, Jan & Feb 2022 (2022): 29–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6596749.
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<em>The results of study on the diversity of algae species at five stations in Manado Bay showed that the number of algae reached 4254 individuals per research station. The average density was 284 ind/m2. There are 23 species of macroalgae found in Manado Bay, namely Chlorophyta (10 species), Rhodophyta (7 species) and Phaeophyta (6 species). The species are Padina pavonica, P. australis, Turbinaria ornate, T. decurrens, Sargassum polycystum, Dictyota dichotoma, Gracilaria Salicornia, G edulis, Eucheuma denticulatum, Amphiroa fragilissima, Acetabularia dentata, Bornetella oligospora, Ulvase, C. lactuta, U. intestinalis, Actinotrichia fragilia and Chaetomorpha crassa.</em> <em>The diversity of algae species (H') in Manado Bay is 2.41. This indicates that the diversity of algae species in Manado Bay is moderate and the condition of the community is moderate, which is no overall extreme ecological pressure in the waters. Waters condition is stable with an evenness index value (E) of 0.77. No species dominates the waters, although Acetabulria dentata has the highest number of individuals reaching 1148 individuals at station 1, but the moderate dominance index with a value of C = 0.557 is still in the medium category value range (C = 0.50- 0.75). The results of overall dominance index of Manado bay waters are low (C = 0.270), which means that no algae species dominate in Manado Bay. The distribution pattern of algae species in Manado Bay is random and clustered. The clumping pattern is one of the algae's strategies to avoid predators, an effort to maintain the existence of their species in nature so that they continue to exist in nature. Water conditions, especially water quality, such as pH, salinity and water temperature are still in the range suitable for algae growth. Algal cell structure is eukaryotic.</em>
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Tsarenko, Petro M., Olena P. Bilous, Olha M. Kryvosheia-Zakharova, Halyna H. Lilitska, and Sophia Barinova. "Diversity of Algae and Cyanobacteria and Bioindication Characteristics of the Alpine Lake Nesamovyte (Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine) from 100 Years Ago to the Present." Diversity 13, no. 6 (2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13060256.
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The species diversity and changes in the structural dynamics of the algal flora from the alpine lake Nesamovyte has been studied for 100 years. During the period of investigations, 234 species (245 infraspecific taxa) were revealed to cover more than 70% of the modern species composition of the studied lake. The modern biodiversity of algae is characterized by an increase in the number of widespread forms, a change from the baseline “montane” complex in comparison to the beginning of the 20th century. Nevertheless, the Nesamovyte Lake still has a unique algae composition that is typical for high-mountainous European lakes. The presence of a different complex of conventionally arctic species of algae, in particular, diatoms is discussed. Structural changes in the taxonomic composition of the algal flora of the lake as well as in the complex of the leading genera, species and their diversity are revealed. An ecological analysis of the algal species composition of the lake showed vulnerability and degradation to the ecosystem of the lake. On this basis, the issue regarding the question of protection and preservation of the algae significance and uniqueness of the flora of algae in the Nesamovyte Lake are discussed.
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Ghalley, Sheto Kumar, Dhan Bahadur Gurung, Shiva Kumar Rai, Karma Wangchuk, and Narayan Prasad Ghimire. "Diversity and Distribution of Freshwater Algae Along an Altitudinal Gradient in Toebrongchhu Stream, Punakha Dzongkhag, Bhutan and Their Relationship with Water Parameters." International Journal on Algae 25, no. 1 (2023): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjalgae.v25.i1.20.
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Alga is a diverse and widely distributed microorganism across the globe. An endeavor has been made to study the algae of Toebrongchhu stream, Punakha district, Bhutan including their diversity and distribution pattern. It also assessed the relationship between algae and selected physicochemical parameters of stream water. Stratified systematic sampling was used for the study due to huge differences in altitude and climatic conditions in the study area. The stream was divided into three zones, downstream, mid-stream, and headwater stream along the altitudinal gradient. The algae were collected by scooping, scraping, and scrubbing different moist and submerged substrates from 36 plots along the stream and then preserved in 4&#37; formaldehyde solution. Results present a total of 40 algae taxa including 25 algae identified up to species level, among which 19 are being reported for the first time from Bhutan. Species diversity was higher in downstream altitudinal zone ranging from 1200-1600 m a.s.l. Similarly, the microhabitat pool had higher species diversity. Spearman correlation showed a significant positive correlation of diversity with total dissolved solids, conductivity, salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH, and a negative correlation with altitude. Canonical correspondence analysis between algal species and parameters revealed that altitude is the main factor in the distribution of freshwater algae.
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Ganesh, Maneesh, and Vijaiyan Siva Ganesan. "Biodiversity of Freshwater Algae from Temple Tank." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 05, no. 03 (2022): 760–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6372890.
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<strong>ABSTRACT: </strong>The study aims to find the diversity of freshwater algae present in the temple tank of Adikesava Perumal temple, Korattur, Chennai. The samples were collected in plastic bottles from various sites in the temple tank. The samples were checked for their pH and temperature. The samples were brought to the laboratory and maintained in an open tank under direct sunlight for 4 weeks. The observation and documentation of the algae were done using the LABOMED VISION 2000 Binocular microscopic unit. Many different varieties of algal species were found from the samples collected. From this, we can conclude that temple tanks act as the best source of a sustainable environment for the growth of algae with diversity and can also be used to monitor the pollution level.
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Khan, Amna Komal, Humera Kausar, Syyada Samra Jaferi, et al. "An Insight into the Algal Evolution and Genomics." Biomolecules 10, no. 11 (2020): 1524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10111524.
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With the increase in biotechnological, environmental, and nutraceutical importance of algae, about 100 whole genomic sequences of algae have been published, and this figure is expected to double in the coming years. The phenotypic and ecological diversity among algae hints at the range of functional capabilities encoded by algal genomes. In order to explore the biodiversity of algae and fully exploit their commercial potential, understanding their evolutionary, structural, functional, and developmental aspects at genomic level is a pre-requisite. So forth, the algal genomic analysis revealed us that algae evolved through endosymbiotic gene transfer, giving rise to around eight phyla. Amongst the diverse algal species, the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has attained the status of model organism as it is an ideal organism to elucidate the biological processes critical to plants and animals, as well as commercialized to produce range of bio-products. For this review, an overview of evolutionary process of algae through endosymbiosis in the light of genomics, as well as the phylogenomic, studies supporting the evolutionary process of algae was reviewed. Algal genomics not only helped us to understand the evolutionary history of algae but also may have an impact on our future by helping to create algae-based products and future biotechnological approaches.
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A. ZHIGILA, DANIEL, UMMULKHURSUM B. HUSSAINI, and NURU ADAMU GARKUWA. "TAXONOMY, DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF PLANKTONIC ALGAE AT PINDIGA DAM, NIGERIA." BIMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2536-6041) 6, no. 03 (2022): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56892/bima.v6i03.46.
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Taxonomic identification of algae at both generic and species levels is problematic owing to several reasons including cells’ fragility, sensitivity to chemical fixatives and inconspicuous morphological features. The planktonic algae in tropical African dams have been particularlyproblematic given the paucity of algal taxonomic experts in this region. In this study, we presentfor the first time the taxonomic and geographic appraisal of planktonic Algae at Pindiga Dam. Further, planktonic algal flora and its monthly variations at the Pindiga Dam were investigated. The study revealed a total of 35 genera. Species in the family Chlorophyceae were the most abundant (42%), followed by those in the families Bacillariophyceae (38%) and Charophyceae(25%). Other taxonomic groups present were Chryophyceae, Cryptophyceae, Cynophyceae and Euglenophyta (7%) each. Trachelomonas, Tetrahedrom and Pleurozester were the most abundant taxa. The Important Value Index (IVI) and species diversity of algae are dependent on the sampling month. For instance, Trachelomonas recorded the highest IVI (23.67) and thelowest was recorded by Cryptomonas (8.18) in April, but it was observed that in May; Tetrahedrom recorded the highest IVI (22.57) and the lowest was recorded by Zygnema (9.38). In June, another set of taxa recorded the highest and the Lowest IVI namely: Pleurogaster, Crucigenia (17.63) and Netrium, Oedogenium (8.93) each. The composition of planktonic algae families in Pindiga Dam could be said to be Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Cyanophyceae in order of the IVI. The Simpson’s index of diversity of planktonic algae at Pindiga Dam was 0.94542, 0.94708 and 0.95364 in April, May and June respectively. The species richness in April was 1.97, in May was 1.92 and in June was 2.10. The values were high indicating a more complex plankton community with a good measure of abundance and diversity. This study has provided baseline information on the taxonomy, distribution and diversity of planktonic algae in Pindiga Dam. This knowledge is useful to groups involved in water utilities; irrigation and drainage districts, industries, private pond owners, fish farmers and aqua culturist.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "A Study of Epiphytic and Epipelic Algae in Al-Dora Site/Tigris River in Bagdad Province- Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 13, no. 4 (2016): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.4.721-733.
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There is a scarcity of data regarding algal flora of Tigris River in the territory of Baghdad. The present study deals with Tigris River in Al-Dora site in Baghdad province from November 2014 to June 2015 in order to shed light on its epiphytic Algae on (Phragmites australis) and epipelic algae. An amount of 183 and 154 species of epiphytic and epipelic algae are identified respectfully. The Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) are the dominant algal group followed by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Moreover, 90 species are shared between two groups of algae (epiphytic and epipelic) and identified at the study site. Additionally, the seasonal variations and diversity of algal species are noticed. The highest number of epiphytic algae is 772.05 x 104 (cell/gm) in winter and the lowest number is 161.13 x 104 (cell/gm) in Summer; where as the highest number of epipelic algae is 20.07 x 104 (cell/ cm²) in Winter and the lowest number is 6.53 x 104 (cell/ cm²) in Summer.
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Andersen, R. A. "Diversity of eukaryotic algae." Biodiversity and Conservation 1, no. 4 (1992): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00693765.
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Sargeant, Brooke L., Evelyn E. Gaiser, and Joel C. Trexler. "Biotic and abiotic determinants of intermediate-consumer trophic diversity in the Florida everglades." Marine and Freshwater Research 61, no. 1 (2010): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08322.
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Food-web structure can shape population dynamics and ecosystem functioning and stability. We investigated the structure of a food-web fragment consisting of dominant intermediate consumers (fishes and crayfishes) in the Florida Everglades, using stable isotope analysis to quantify trophic diversity along gradients of primary production (periphyton), disturbance (marsh drying) and intermediate-consumer density (a possible indicator of competition). We predicted that trophic diversity would increase with resource availability and decrease after disturbance, and that competition could result in greater trophic diversity by favouring resource partitioning. Total trophic diversity, measured by niche area, decreased with periphyton biomass and an ordination axis representing several bluegreen algae species. Consumers’ basal resource diversity, estimated by δ13C values, was similarly related to algal community structure. The range of trophic levels (δ15N range) increased with time since the most recent drying and reflooding event, but decreased with intermediate-consumer density, and was positively related to the ordination axis reflecting increases in green algae and decreases in filamentous bluegreen algae. Our findings suggest that algal quality, independent of quantity, influences food-web structure and demonstrate an indirect role of nutrient enrichment mediated by its effects on periphyton palatability and biomass. These results reveal potential mechanisms for anthropogenic effects on Everglades communities.
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Guarnieri, Michael T., and Philip T. Pienkos. "Algal omics: unlocking bioproduct diversity in algae cell factories." Photosynthesis Research 123, no. 3 (2014): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11120-014-9989-4.
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Barinova, Sophia, Eibi Nevo, and Tatiana Bragina. "Ecological assessment of wetland ecosystems of northern Kazakhstan on the basis of hydrochemistry and algal biodiversity." Acta Botanica Croatica 70, no. 2 (2011): 215–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10184-010-0020-7.
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Ecological assessment of wetland ecosystems of northern Kazakhstan on the basis of hydrochemistry and algal biodiversity We studied diversity of algae and cyanobacteria in the wetlands of protected natural lakes with salinity ranging from 0.19 up to 32.7 in the arid/semiarid regions of Northern Kazakhstan. In plankton and periphyton of 34 lakes, we found 254 species belonging to 113 genera of 8 algal divisions. The diversity in arid regions is represented by widespread species of diatoms, green algae, and cyanobacteria in similar proportions. Alkaliphiles, among the indicators of acidification, and betamesosaprobionts, among the indicators of saprobity, predominated. The indices of saprobity in lakes varied from 1.47 to 2.7, reflecting low-trophic and low anthropogenically disturbed wetlands. Oligohalobes-indifferents are most common. Highly diverse algal communities were found irrespective of various levels of mineralization. As a consequence of aridization, salinity increase suppressed algal diversity. The mineralization was the most important variable defining the diversity levels, irrespective of the type and location of wetland lakes in the arid regions.
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Elster, Josef, Alena Lukesová, Josef Svoboda, Jirí Kopecky, and Hiroshi Kanda. "Diversity and abundance of soil algae in the polar desert, Sverdrup Pass, central Ellesmere Island." Polar Record 35, no. 194 (1999): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400015515.
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AbstractCyanobacteria and eukaryotic algae were investigated during three seasons in 18 plots established across Sverdrup Pass valley of central Ellesmere Island, 79°N, Canada. The sites differed in altitude, substratum, and other characteristics. A high species diversity totalled 136 taxa. Cyanobacteria accounted for 52 and eukaryotic algae 84 species. In both groups, numerous species did not correspond to any taxa described. However, high diversity did not always coincide with high algal abundance or biomass. On older and stable landscapes, visible crusts developed, containing mostly cyanobacteria, fungi, and other microbial components. Considerable variation in algal diversity and abundance was found among the sites. Also the southern, granitic portion of the pass was richer in green algae compared to its northern, dolomitic portion where motile cyanobacteria were more prominent. These micro-autotrophs occupied the soil profile to a depth of 7 cm. Their highest density was not at the surface but at 3–4 cm depth. One plot was contaminated by windblown copper-rich dust from a nearby outcrop and soil here was poorest in content of photosynthetic pigments, suggesting a local heavy-metal toxicity.
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Rajopadhyaya, Ritu, and Shiva Kumar Rai. "Some freshwater algae from Bagh-Jhoda wetland, Morang: new for Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 30 (December 1, 2018): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v30i0.27375.
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Present paper describes new and interesting algae reported during the exploration of algal flora of Bagh-Jhoda wetland, Morang. A total of 20 species of freshwater algae, excluding cyanobacteria, have been reported from this wetland as new for Nepal. They were Ankistrodesmus spiralis, Botryococcus braunii, B. protuberans, Glaucocystis duplex, Gonium sociale, Kirchneriella contorta, Nephrocytium hydrophilum, N.obesum, Oocystiseremosphaeria, Sorastrum americanum, Staurastrum pseudosebaldi, S. striolatum var. divergens, S. subpolymorphum, Glenodinium borgei, Peridinium gatunense, Gomphonema lacusrankaloides, G. pseudoaugur, Nitzschia cf. pumila, Pinnularia amabilis and Ulnaria capitata. This wetland area is rich in algal diversity including red algae and it needs further extensive exploration.
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O’Neill, Ellis. "Mining Natural Product Biosynthesis in Eukaryotic Algae." Marine Drugs 18, no. 2 (2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18020090.
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Eukaryotic algae are an extremely diverse category of photosynthetic organisms and some species produce highly potent bioactive compounds poisonous to humans or other animals, most notably observed during harmful algal blooms. These natural products include some of the most poisonous small molecules known and unique cyclic polyethers. However, the diversity and complexity of algal genomes means that sequencing-based research has lagged behind research into more readily sequenced microbes, such as bacteria and fungi. Applying informatics techniques to the algal genomes that are now available reveals new natural product biosynthetic pathways, with different groups of algae containing different types of pathways. There is some evidence for gene clusters and the biosynthetic logic of polyketides enables some prediction of these final products. For other pathways, it is much more challenging to predict the products and there may be many gene clusters that are not identified with the automated tools. These results suggest that there is a great diversity of biosynthetic capacity for natural products encoded in the genomes of algae and suggest areas for future research focus.
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Badger, Murray R., T. John Andrews, S. M. Whitney, et al. "The diversity and coevolution of Rubisco, plastids, pyrenoids, and chloroplast-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms in algae." Canadian Journal of Botany 76, no. 6 (1998): 1052–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-074.
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Algae have adopted two primary strategies to maximize the performance of Rubisco in photosynthetic CO2 fixation. This has included either the development of a CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), based at the level of the chloroplast, or the evolution of the kinetic properties of Rubisco. This review examines the potential diversity of both Rubisco and chloroplast-based CCMs across algal divisions, including both green and nongreen algae, and seeks to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the area and future areas for research. Overall, the available data show that Rubisco enzymes from algae have evolved a higher affinity for CO2 when the algae have adopted a strategy for CO2 fixation that does not utilise a CCM. This appears to be true of both Green and Red Form I Rubisco enzymes found in green and nongreen algae, respectively. However, the Red Form I Rubisco enzymes present in nongreen algae appear to have reduced oxygenase potential at air level of O2. This has resulted in a photosynthetic physiology with a reduced potential to be inhibited by O2 and a reduced need to deal with photorespiration. In the limited number of microalgae that have been examined, there is a strong correlation between the existence of a high-affinity CCM physiology and the presence of pyrenoids in all algae, highlighting the potential importance of these chloroplast Rubisco-containing bodies. However, in macroalgae, there is greater diversity in the apparent relationships between pyrenoids and chloroplast features and the CCM physiology that the species shows. There are many examples of microalgae and macroalgae with variations in the presence and absence of pyrenoids as well as single and multiple chloroplasts per cell. This occurs in both green and nongreen algae and should provide ample material for extending studies in this area. Future research into the function of the pyrenoid and other chloroplast features, such as thylakoids, in the operation of a chloroplast-based CCM needs to be addressed in a diverse range of algal species. This should be approached together with assessment of the coevolution of Rubisco, particularly the evolution of Red Form I Rubisco enzymes, which appear to achieve superior kinetic characteristics when compared with the Rubisco of C3 higher plants, which are derived from green algal ancestors.Key words: Rubisco, CO2-concentrating mechanism, carbonic anhydrase, aquatic photosynthesis, algae, pyrenoids, inorganic carbon.
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Swamikannu, Xavier, and Kyle D. Hoagland. "Effects of Snail Grazing on the Diversity and Structure of a Periphyton Community in a Eutrophic Pond." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 10 (1989): 1698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-215.
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Periphyton diversity was highest at low to intermediate levels of grazing by the freshwater snail Physella and suppressed at high grazer densities, in partial support of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. For the first time, the response curve of algal biomass versus a range of snail densities was used to establish low, intermediate, and high levels of community disturbance. Physella densities corresponding to these levels were added to net enclosures in a small eutrophic pond, to examine differences in attached algal cell densities and diversity after 20 d. Algal standing crop was enhanced in low and depressed in intermediate and higher grazer treatments. Five categories of attached algal response to grazing were identified: (1) filamentous algae suppressed at high grazing pressure; (2) rosette or filamentous taxa suppressed at moderate to high levels of grazing; (3) algae resistant to grazing via sediment-associated recruitment; (4) low profile algae with highest densities at moderate grazing, and; (5) prostrately attached taxa enhanced at moderate and high grazing levels, in contrast to marine macroalgal communities, the primary mechanism mediating community response to different levels of grazing was the morphology of algal attachment.
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Gu, Xiaoqian, Zhe Cao, Luying Zhao, et al. "Metagenomic Insights Reveal the Microbial Diversity and Associated Algal-Polysaccharide-Degrading Enzymes on the Surface of Red Algae among Remote Regions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (2023): 11019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311019.
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Macroalgae and macroalgae-associated bacteria together constitute the most efficient metabolic cycling system in the ocean. Their interactions, especially the responses of macroalgae-associated bacteria communities to algae in different geographical locations, are mostly unknown. In this study, metagenomics was used to analyze the microbial diversity and associated algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes on the surface of red algae among three remote regions. There were significant differences in the macroalgae-associated bacteria community composition and diversity among the different regions. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria had a significantly high relative abundance among the regions. From the perspective of species diversity, samples from China had the highest macroalgae-associated bacteria diversity, followed by those from Antarctica and Indonesia. In addition, in the functional prediction of the bacterial community, genes associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and membrane transport had a high relative abundance. Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis of environmental factors showed that, without considering algae species and composition, pH and temperature were the main environmental factors affecting bacterial community structure. Furthermore, there were significant differences in algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes among the regions. Samples from China and Antarctica had high abundances of algal-polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, while those from Indonesia had extremely low abundances. The environmental differences between these three regions may impose a strong geographic differentiation regarding the biodiversity of algal microbiomes and their expressed enzyme genes. This work expands our knowledge of algal microbial ecology, and contributes to an in-depth study of their metabolic characteristics, ecological functions, and applications.
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Tsarenko, P. M., N. V. Zaimenko, E. M. Demchenko, et al. "Comparative analysis of soil ecosystems of protected and artificially created beech forests." Algologia 33, no. 4 (2023): 292–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg33.04.292.
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Peculiarities of soil ecosystems (algae, microbiocenosis, agrochemical and agrophysical characteristics) of the Uholsko-Shirokoluzhanskyi beech relict forests of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, as well as artificial European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) plantations located on the botanical and geographical plots "Ukrainian Carpathians" of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine. Soil samples were collected from May to September during 2020–2021. The species composition of soil microalgae, the number of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms, agrophysical and agrochemical characteristics of soils were analyzed. The predominance of green algae with a significant diversity of green flagellates and the complete absence of cyanobacteria are typical features of forest soils. The small number of detected species (12 in beech relict forests and 15 in artificial beech plantations) indicates shaded forest ecosystems which are typical for beech forests. Despite common features, the species composition of soil algae of both phytocenoses is quite different. The soils under the beech relict forests are characterized by a significant predominance of green algae, among which essential number of Trebouxiophyceae representatives with aerophytic ecology were found. It indicates the mountainous nature of the soil algal flora. Soils under artificial beech plantations are characterized by a richer species diversity and predominance of Chlorophyceae representatives, which is typical for lowland forests. A characteristic feature of protected and artificially created beech forests was the relative high number of micromycetes. Correlation analysis of research results showed a positive relationship between algal diversity and the abundance of two eco-trophic groups of microorganisms: actinomycetes and ammonifiers. In addition, the growth of algal diversity was positively correlated with the content of Ca and Mg, and negatively with the content of P.
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Lu, Chunrong, Qi Zhang, Qinyu Huang, et al. "Significant Shifts in Microbial Communities Associated with Scleractinian Corals in Response to Algae Overgrowth." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (2022): 2196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112196.
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Microbes play a key role in reef dynamics, mediating the competition between scleractinian corals and benthic algae; however, major shifts in bacterial communities among coral species in response to increases in the abundance of algae are not well understood. We investigated the taxonomic composition of coral-associated microbial communities under algae-overgrowth conditions using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that non-algal (i.e., healthy) tissue (HH) had lower bacterial abundance and diversity than tissue collected from the coral–algae interface boundary (HA) and areas of algae growth (AA). Specifically, the HA and AA samples had higher relative abundances of Saprospiraceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Alteromonadaceae. Compared with Platygyra sp. and Montipora sp., the physiological response of Pocillopora sp. was more intense under algae-induced stress based on microbial gene function prediction. Our results indicate that algal pressure can significantly alter the microbial community structure and function of coral ecosystems. Our data thus provide new insight into the relationship between corals and their microbiome under environmental stress.
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Vijayanshi, Nupur, Umerfaruq Qureshimatva, and Hitesh Solanki. "DIVERSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN RANI LAKE, IDAR, GUJARAT." International Association of Biologicals and Computational Digest 1, no. 2 (2022): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56588/iabcd.v1i2.73.
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Phytoplankton are accumulations of diverse microscopic algal forms whose movement is more or less dependent upon water currents. To know the nature of species composition of phytoplankton and their significance, the present observations were made in the Rani Lake, Idar. The study revealed the occurrence of 65 species belong to 45 genera. Phytoplankton represented by class members of Chlorophyceae. Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. The algal flora of polluted water bodiesshowed the dominance of green algae.
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Neustupa, Jiří, and Pavel Škaloud. "Diversity of subaerial algae and cyanobacteria growing on bark and wood in the lowland tropical forests of Singapore." Plant Ecology and Evolution 143, no. (1) (2010): 51–62. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2010.417.
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<b>Background and aims</b> – Knowledge on diversity and distribution of algae and cyanobacteria in subaerial habitats still lags behind those of freshwater and marine environments. Notably, data on diversity of microalgae in tropical corticolous habitats are still scarce. We investigated species composition of subaerial epixylic algae and cyanobacteria from two Singaporean rainforest localities. We asked whether there are differences in species composition and alpha-diversity of samples taken in different areas and in different habitat types (bark vs. decaying bare wood). In addition, we asked whether there are differences in species turnover (beta-diversity) among different habitat types and areas. <b>Methods</b> – The cultivation-based approach and the microscopic analysis of populations were used. In total, 20 samples of bark and decaying wood from two forested areas were analyzed. Statistical analyses involved the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) of species data. Significance of differences in algal composition between groups of samples was evaluated by the non-parametric two-way ANOSIM (Analysis of Similarities) using the crossed design with permutations in blocks. The SIMPER method was used to identify species that characteristically discriminate between habitat types and sampling areas. <b>Key results</b> – In total, 57 species were identified. Green algae (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Trentepohliales) were dominant, and Cyanobacteria were the second most frequent group. The dominants of the subaerial assemblages differed from corresponding temperate habitats and, in addition, their alpha-diversity was considerably higher. Several green algal morphospecies were characteristic for the bark localities (e.g. <i>Dictyochloropsis</i> spp., <i>Pseudomarvania aerophytica</i>, <i>Printzina effusa</i> and <i>Printzina lagenifera</i>). The alpha-diversity was similar in both habitat types, but the species turnover among samples (beta-diversity) was significantly higher in the decaying wood samples. <b>Conclusions</b> – Tropical corticolous habitats probably harbour higher diversity than corresponding temperate habitats. High beta-diversity of decaying wood illustrates general importance of this substrate for biodiversity of subaerial algae in the tropics.
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Shekhovtseva, O. G. "Soil algae in urban ecosystems of the city of Mariupol." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 1-2 (2014): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041406.
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In the present time, a special attention is paid, worldwide, to the investigation of the biodiversity in ecosystems, as a important characteristic of the ecological investigations. The processes of urbanization of natural landscapes have caused some changes of biological factor of the soil formation and also of the formation of artificial ecological systems. The algae are an indispensable part of ecosystems, performing an important regulatory function in them. So aim of the research was to determine the systematic, environmental features, species composition of algae communities of soil in the city Mariupol (Donetsk region). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Results of use algal groups for monitoring soils of urbanized ecosystem are described. Problems of algae participation in maintenance of surface ecosystems stability under anthropogenic pressure on the environment have been discussed. Species composition and indication properties of soil algae as biological pollution indicators of the protected of the urbanized soils have been studied. The results of researches of various soil algal flora of arboreal plantations and lawns of the Mariupol industrial city are resulted. Conclusions about the influence of various kinds of anthropogenic effect upon of species diversity algae are given. Specific lines of algal groups of arboreal plantations and lawns of urban ecosystems are shown. The variety of the soil algae species has been investigated. Systematic structure at the level of orders, families, genera correlation of algae soil, life-forms are considered. The green and blue-green algae were found to be prevail, it was proved that they are the basis of dominate species complex. The greatest quantity of kinds of seaweed is allocated in zonal soils. The leading position in all investigated groups take representatives of Chlorophyta, except of the steppe phytocenoses, where the most various is the section of Cyanophyta. The increasing of species diversity of Xanthophyta is observed in the soils of background parts of man-planted forest phytocenoses. They are traditionally considered to be the index of purity of soil. Low species diversity of algoflora is a peculiarity of the city soils. Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta prevail, one-cell Xanthophyta are poor developed. A checklist of soil algal flora of the city of Mariupol is includes 78 species from five divisions: Chlorophyta – 32 (41,0 %), Cyanophyta – 25 (32,1 %), Xanthophyta – 9 (11,5 %), Bacillariophyta – 8 (10,3 %), Eustigmatophyta – 4 (5,1 %). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Including arboreal plantations 68 species: Chlorophyta – 27 (39,7 %), Cyanophyta – 20 (29,4 %), Xanthophyta – 12 (17,7 %), Bacillariophyta – 6 (8,8 %), Eustigmatophyta – 3 (4,4 %); in lawns 49 species – 23 (46,9 %), – 13 (26,5 %), – 4 (8,2 %), – 7 (14,3 %), – 2 (4,1 %) accordingly. On results researches of quantity of algal flora of urbanized soils the change of quantity is marked on the whole toward a decline. Abundance and biomass of soil algae of different in various ecosystems are given. Fluctuation ranges in biomass of algae of arboreal plantations and lawns have been registered. The species composition, ecological structure algae of arboreal plantations and lawns was analyzed. Ecological structure of algal communities of arboreal plantations and lawns: Ch16Р15С12X8H6B5M2CF2ampf2 (68) and Ch15P10В6С6Н5Х3М1NF1CF1amph1 (49) accordingly. Among the algae life forms Ch-, P-, X- and C-forms are domination (58 %).
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Yang, Hui, Baptiste Genot, Solange Duhamel, Ryan Kerney, and John A. Burns. "Organismal and cellular interactions in vertebrate–alga symbioses." Biochemical Society Transactions 50, no. 1 (2022): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20210153.
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Photosymbioses, intimate interactions between photosynthetic algal symbionts and heterotrophic hosts, are well known in invertebrate and protist systems. Vertebrate animals are an exception where photosynthetic microorganisms are not often considered part of the normal vertebrate microbiome, with a few exceptions in amphibian eggs. Here, we review the breadth of vertebrate diversity and explore where algae have taken hold in vertebrate fur, on vertebrate surfaces, in vertebrate tissues, and within vertebrate cells. We find that algae have myriad partnerships with vertebrate animals, from fishes to mammals, and that those symbioses range from apparent mutualisms to commensalisms to parasitisms. The exception in vertebrates, compared with other groups of eukaryotes, is that intracellular mutualisms and commensalisms with algae or other microbes are notably rare. We currently have no clear cell-in-cell (endosymbiotic) examples of a trophic mutualism in any vertebrate, while there is a broad diversity of such interactions in invertebrate animals and protists. This functional divergence in vertebrate symbioses may be related to vertebrate physiology or a byproduct of our adaptive immune system. Overall, we see that diverse algae are part of the vertebrate microbiome, broadly, with numerous symbiotic interactions occurring across all vertebrate and many algal clades. These interactions are being studied for their ecological, organismal, and cellular implications. This synthesis of vertebrate–algal associations may prove useful for the development of novel therapeutics: pairing algae with medical devices, tissue cultures, and artificial ecto- and endosymbioses.
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Bulimaga, Constantin, Nadejda Grabco, Corina Certan, and Petru Prodan. "The influence of the degree of surface water pollution from the urban ecosystem Balti and Floresti on the planktonic algae." Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Științe ale Naturii, no. 6(166) (April 2024): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum6(166)2023_03.
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The study of the taxonomic structure of the planktonic algae and the chemical composition of the surface waters in the urban ecosystems of Bălţi and Floreşti, demonstrates the dependence of the diversity of the algoflora on the degree of water pollution and the amount of nutrients. It was determined that the difference in the number of species in the algoflora river Raut, upstream of the biological treatment plant (BTP) and downstream of the BTP, for both urban ecosystems (Balti and Floresti), is explained by the higher degree of water pollution downstream of the SEB. The diversity of algal flora in the studied aquatic objects differs greatly, thus, in the water of the Copaceanca tributary, in summer, 66 species of algae were identified, and in the water of the Flaminda and Dobrusa tributaries only 9 and 4 species, respectively, were identified. The floristic diversity and low frequency of algae flora in these two tributaries of the Raut river within the urban ecosystem is determined by the low concentration of nutrients, insufficient for the development of algae flora. According to the analysis, a greater diversity of algoflora is established in aquatic objects where the concentration of nutrients (N, P) attributes the quality of (III) – (IV) water, i.e. medium pollution.
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Bachir, Bouiadjra Benabdallah, Malika Ghellai, Mohamed Daoudi, Ibrahim Elkhalil Behmene, and Bouiadjra Mohammed El Amine Bachir. "Impacts of the invasive species Caulerpa cylindracea Sonder, 1845 on the algae flora of the west coast of Algeria." Biodiversity Data Journal 9 (May 26, 2021): e64535. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e64535.
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The assessment of the impacts of the expansion of the invasive species on taxonomic diversity, the abundance and dominance of groups of algae, the presence and/or absence of species of ecological interest that may or may not be indicative of water quality well mentioned, through the installation of a 20 × 20 cm quadrat representing the minimum area. The observation stations were visited monthly, during a repetitive three-year cycle, during the spring, summer and autumn seasons, periods of maximum growth and development of the algal flora and the results suggest the following facts. The invasive alga <i>Caulerpa cylindracea</i> Sonder, 1845 tends to colonise disturbed ecosystems reflecting a reduction in native algal diversity; in fact, we note a drastic impoverishment of the invaded algal community, represented by a limited number of Macrophyte algae accompanying the invasive taxon in phytosociological surveys and a Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index (H') and Equitability reduced by 4.49 and 0.77 n the heavily affected station. The number of macroalgal species accompanying the invasive species has dropped by 52% in Salamandre. In addition, the multidimensional analysis, represented by the Hierarchical Ascendant Clustering applied to this case, confirms our results.
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Sametova, Elmira, Gaukhar Jumakhanova, Satbay Nurashov, Sophia Barinova, Aibek Jiyenbekov, and Thomas Smith. "Microalgae Indicators of Charophyte Habitats of South and Southeast Kazakhstan." Diversity 14, no. 7 (2022): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14070530.
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Charophyte algae is a very sensitive group of organisms occupying Kazakhstan waterbodies. They are distributed throughout the country; however, not enough studies have been conducted, especially in the southern region. Research carried out in 2019–2022 identified 33 habitats of charophyte algae in the south and southeastern regions of Kazakhstan, including 15 new to Kazakhstan. Bioindicators and the statistical analysis of 223 species of nine phyla of microalgae associated with charophytes revealed that the main factors influencing the distribution of algal diversity may be habitat altitude and hydrology. The habitat altitude of about 700 m above sea level was shown to be the boundary between the different diversity distributions. The application of bioindicator methods can expand our knowledge on the ecology of the charophyte species in Kazakhstan. The study of algal diversity in charophyte habitats can serve as a tool for tracking climate change under potential future climate warming.
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Rai, Dilli Ram, and Shiva Kumar Rai. "Freshwater Algae (Excluding Diatoms and Red Algae) from Hasina Wetland, Sundar Haraicha, Morang, Nepal." Himalayan Journal of Science and Technology 2 (December 1, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijost.v2i0.25834.
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This paper described 44 freshwater algae (except diatoms and red algae) belonging to classes' cyanophyceae, chlorophyceae, charophyceae and euglenophyceae from Hasina wetland and its surrounding area, Sundar- Haraicha, Morang, Nepal. Samples were collected from Budhi Khola, Khayer Khola and ponds and marshy land in Hasina wetland. In total, the largest family was chlorophyceae represented by 30 taxa and the largest genus was Cosmarium represented by 6 taxa. The study showed that this area is rich in algal diversity.
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Hakim, Masuma, Anita Solanki, and Ila Patel. "MARINE ALGAE DIVERSITY AT COASTAL AREA OF VERAVAL, GUJARAT." International Association of Biologicals and Computational Digest 1, no. 2 (2022): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56588/iabcd.v1i2.37.
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The Veraval coast situated at (20º54’30º N 76º21’20º E) the gulf of Kachchh, western coast of Gujarat, India. This site has a rich diversity of marine algae, corals and gastropods at intertidal region. The main aim of present study focused on occurrence and diversity of marine algae at coastal site. The study carried out in month of December- 2019. Algae collection was done during low tide situation, at this condition algae were collected with their holdfast/rhizoid. Total 33 species of algae were collected from three different phylum. Among these maximum 18 species were recorded from red algae, 8 species were recorded from green algae and 7 species were recorded from brown algae.
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Maliki, Intan Mariana, Mailin Misson, Peik Lin Teoh, Kenneth Francis Rodrigues, and Wilson Thau Lym Yong. "Production of Lectins from Marine Algae: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities for Non-Destructive Extraction." Marine Drugs 20, no. 2 (2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20020102.
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Marine algae are an excellent source of novel lectins. The isolation of lectins from marine algae expands the diversity in structure and carbohydrate specificities of lectins isolated from other sources. Marine algal lectins have been reported to have antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial activity. Lectins are typically isolated from marine algae by grinding the algal tissue with liquid nitrogen and extracting with buffer and alcohol. While this method produces higher yields, it may not be sustainable for large-scale production, because a large amount of biomass is required to produce a minute amount of compound, and a significant amount of waste is generated during the extraction process. Therefore, non-destructive extraction using algal culture water could be used to ensure a continuous supply of lectins without exclusively disrupting the marine algae. This review discusses the traditional and recent advancements in algal lectin extraction methods over the last decade, as well as the steps required for large-scale production. The challenges and prospects of various extraction methods (destructive and non-destructive) are also discussed.
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NAEEM, WANIZA, GHAZALA YASMEEN BUTT, and FIZA IQBAL. "Distribution and Characterization of Microalgae from Chenab and Ravi River, Punjab Pakistan." Journal of Biology and Nature 17, no. 1 (2025): 130–49. https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2025/v17i19263.
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This research explores the taxonomic investigation of algae in some selected habitats of the Chenab and Ravi Rivers of Punjab with respect to different environmental, biological and water quality parameters ascertained by using different laboratory instruments and chemicals. Identification of algae was carried out by using light microscopy with the aid of standard taxonomic keys while water quality analysis involved both field and laboratory methods include measurement of pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids, by using digital meters. 35 freshwater algal species comprise 14 genera, 13 families, 13 orders, 3 classes, two Phylum Volvocophycota and Bacillariophycota; Volvocophycota contains 3 genera and 9 green algal species, Bacillariophycota contains 11 described Genera and 26 are diatoms were reported. The Phylum Bacillariophycota's high-density species (Nitzschia capitellata, N. palea, N. vermicularis, N. gandersheimiensis, and N. sigmoidea) and (Gomphonema dichotomum, G. parvulum, G. sphaerophorum, G. augur, G. lanceolatum, G. ghosea) were investigated. Other single genera belongs to species which explored were like Caloneis tenuis, Ctenophora pulchella, Frustulia rhomboids, Neidium affine var. amphirhynchus and Cyclotella comta. In this case, the most dominant out both phylum of Genus Cosmarium species were collected from samples of both rivers. Water quality tests were also performed to analyze the quantity of minerals affecting algal diversity. A clear relationship between water quality factors such as concentrations of nutrients, pH, and algal abundance and composition was established. Locations with higher nutrient concentrations showed higher growth in certain groups of algae, reflecting their sensitivity to environmental factors. This highlights the position of algae as water quality bioindicators. Findings of this study are significant for ecological monitoring and are useful in shaping freshwater resource management and conservation approaches. This is also to establish the distribution and characterization on the diversity of algae in both freshwater habitats and determine the best growing conditions. It is the first algal taxonomy of Chenab River algae in the Gujrat district.
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Hajong, Pranita, and Saviodul G. Lamin. "ALGAL DIVERSITY IN TEA AND PINEAPPLE PLANTATION SOILS IN MARNGAR, MEGHALAYA (INDIA)." Applied Biological Research 27, no. 1 (2025): 128–36. https://doi.org/10.48165/abr.2025.27.01.12.
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The algal distribution in farmland depends on the plantation type and soil properties, therefore the present study was aimed to assess the diversity of algal community in soils of tea- and pineapple-plantation soils and to correlate the relationship between algae and soil parameters. Soil samples were collected from tea- and pineapple-plantations every month from April 2022 to May 2023. The soil and algal samples were analyzed by appropriate standard methods. Tea plantation soil was clay loam while pineapple plantation soil was sandy loam. The soil samples from study sites were slightly acidic throughout the season. Significant differences in both the study sites were observed for conductivity, moisture content, water holding capacity, organic carbon and phosphorus content. Some frequently encountered algal species were Calothrix marchica, Oscillatoria limnetica, Phormidium retzii, Chlamydomonas reinhardii, Scenedesmus communis, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Gomphonema parvulum, and Navicula lanceolata. A total of 63 algal species were recorded from both the sites. Maximum species diversity was observed in tea plantation soil with diversity index of 2.56. Higher algal abundance was noted in the root zone of tea plantation. The soil physicochemical parameters and plantation type significantly influenced the occurrence, composition and abundance of algae in tea- and pineapple-plantation soils.
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Li, Liping, Ziyi Liang, Tianquan Liu, Cunyue Lu, Qiuyu Yu, and Yang Qiao. "Transformer-Driven Algal Target Detection in Real Water Samples: From Dataset Construction and Augmentation to Model Optimization." Water 17, no. 3 (2025): 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030430.
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Algae are vital to aquatic ecosystems, with their structure and abundance influencing ecological health. However, automated detection in real water samples is hindered by complex backgrounds, species diversity, and size variations. Traditional methods are deemed costly and species-specific, leading to deep learning adoption. Current studies rely on CNN-based models and limited datasets. To improve the detection accuracy of multiple algal species in real, complex backgrounds, this study collected multi-species algae samples from actual water environments and implemented an integrated Transformer-based framework for automated localization and recognition of small, medium, and large algae species. Specifically, algae samples from five different regions were collected to construct a comprehensive dataset containing 25 algal species with diverse backgrounds and rich category diversity. To address dataset imbalances in minority species, a segmentation-fusion data augmentation method was proposed, which enhanced performance across YOLO, Faster R-CNN, and Deformable DETR models, with YOLO achieving a 7.1% precision increase and a 1.5% mAP improvement. Model optimization focused on an improved Deformable DETR, incorporating multi-scale feature extraction, deformable attention mechanisms, and the normalized Wasserstein distance loss function. This improvement enhanced small target and overlapping object detection, achieving a 10.4% mAP increase at an intersection over union (IoU) threshold of 0.5 and outperforming unmodified Deformable DETR.
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Kopyrina, Liubov, Elena Pshennikova, and Sophia Barinova. "Diversity and ecological characteristic of algae and cyanobacteria of thermokarst lakes in Yakutia (northeastern Russia)." Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies 49, no. 2 (2020): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ohs-2020-0010.
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AbstractA total of 437 species (453 with infraspecific taxa) of algae and Cyanobacteria were identified in 2034 samples collected during the first research on nine thermokarst lakes in Yakutia carried out in 1986–1994 and 2001–2015. The richest algal flora was determined in Lake Aalah, represented by 241 taxa. Bacillariophyta species dominated in four lakes, whereas Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria dominated in the others. The algal bioindication demonstrated preferences for benthic and plankticbenthic life, temperate temperature, low alkalinity, waters with moderate oxygenation, low to medium enrichment with chloride, low organic pollution, and mesotrophic state. Comparative floristic, CANOCO and JASP statistical methods divided the species and environmental variables into groups of lakes related to landscape terraces. Local landscape positions and high summer water temperatures may play a major role in the formation of algal flora. The index of algae taxa per area stabilized at about 70 species per km2. The highest polymorphism of algae floras, defined by the Subspecies/Species Index, was determined for the lakes of the Tungulunskaya terrace: Lake Ynakh, Lake Nal Tungulu and Lake Tungulu (1.041–1.058), and the average total flora was 1.036. Our results can help in monitoring and protecting the ecosystems of thermokarst lakes in Yakutia in the harsh climate environment of Northeastern Eurasia.
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Tsarenko, P. M., G. M. Palamar-Mordvintseva, and Solomon P. Wasser. "Diversity of algae in Ukraine." International Journal on Algae 1, no. 2 (1999): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjalgae.v1.i2.10.
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Barinova, Sophia, and Thomas Smith. "Algae Diversity and Ecology during a Summer Assessment of Water Quality in the Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park, USA." Diversity 11, no. 11 (2019): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11110206.
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There were 88 species of algae and cyanobacteria observed from seven sites in the Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park (Hodgenville, Kentucky, USA). This was the first algal investigation study in the park. There were 21 samples collected, during the summer, on 16 July 2008. Algal flora, dominated by diatoms was represented by 54 species identified (61.4% of the total), 20 species of cyanobacteria, 11 green and two charophyte algal species, and one red algal species (22.7%, 12.5%, 2.2%, and 1.1%, respectively). Benthic diatoms dominated the aquatic system with 14 species of Navicula and 12 species of Nitzschia identified, which was 15.7% and 13.5% of the total, respectively. Species tended to be site specific and 78.6% of the species were only found in two or less sites. The bioindicator methods for water quality assessment were based on species autoecology. This method was used for the first time in the USA during this study. This demonstrated that benthic and planktonic-benthic algae preferred temperate temperatures, middle-oxygenated mesotrophic waters, low-to-middle enriched by chlorides. The waters were well oxygenated, sometimes saturated by sulfides, low-alkaline, low-to-middle organic enriched, and of class 1–3 water quality with high self-purification capacity. This is very important for habitat protection and cannot be easily accomplished strictly through chemical analysis. The diversity of diatom algae not only plays a major role in the formation of algal communities and their uniqueness, but diatom algae can be a good indicator of environmental assessments and change.
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ZAKRIA, ARWA, GHAZALA BUTT, TOOBA ZIA, ZONAIRA SAEED, ALI SAQIB, and ADEN MARIAM. "Taxonomic Study of Freshwater Algae from Jilani Park, Lahore, Pakistan." Journal of Biology and Nature 17, no. 1 (2025): 63–81. https://doi.org/10.56557/joban/2025/v17i19193.
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Freshwater algae are crucial components of aquatic ecosystems, contributing significantly to primary production and serving as bioindicators of environmental health. This study documented the taxonomy of freshwater algae in Jilani Park, Lahore, Pakistan, providing a comprehensive assessment of their diversity and distribution. Samples were collected from six different sites within the park during November 2023 to January 2024. Standard taxonomic procedures were used to identify and classify algal species, while measuring environmental parameters like pH, temperature, latitude, and longitude. A total of 30 algal species were identified, belonging to three kingdoms: Monera, Protista and Protoctista. The kingdom Monera included two classes within Phylum Cyanophycota; Chroocophyceae & Nostocophyceae with 13.4% and 6.6% respectively. The kingdom Protista had most % of species including Volvocophycota (Desmidiophyceae 6.6%); Euglenophycota (Euglenophyceae 3.4%) & Bacillariophycota (Bacillariophyceae 50%). The kingdom Protoctista included four classes (Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Zygnemophyceae, & Siphonocladophyceae) within Phylum Chlorophycota accounting for 20% of species. Frequently encountered genus included Gomphonema Ehrenberg, Nitzschia Hassall, and Pinnularia (Ehrenb.) Ehrenberg. The diversity measures indicated moderate to high species diversity across different sites, with environmental factors like pH and temperature shaping the algal communities, providing baseline data for future ecological monitoring and conservation efforts in Jilani Park.
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Schoenrock, Kathryn, Johanne Vad, Arley Muth, et al. "Biodiversity of Kelp Forests and Coralline Algae Habitats in Southwestern Greenland." Diversity 10, no. 4 (2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d10040117.
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All marine communities in Greenland are experiencing rapid environmental change, and to understand the effects on those structured by seaweeds, baseline records are vital. The kelp and coralline algae habitats along Greenland’s coastlines are rarely studied, and we fill this knowledge gap for the area around Nuuk, west Greenland. Using subtidal swath surveys, photo-quadrats, and grab samples, we characterised the diversity of floral and faunal assemblages in kelp forests and coralline algae beds. The most abundant herbivore assemblages and the most diverse communities occur in the interstitial habitats of rhodolith beds. In kelp forests, species diversity is higher in epi-benthic (photo-quadrat) and mid-water (swath) surveys. These habitats are not mutually exclusive; Agarum clathratum is prominent in coralline algal habitats, while crustose coralline algae cover the bedrock under kelp holdfasts. Overall, the suite of surveys used capture the diverse communities within kelp forests and coralline algae in Greenland and their differing role in the life history of the inhabitants. Furthermore, coralline algae beds are an important carbonate store, with CaCO3 concentrations ranging from 28.06 to 103.73 g·m−3. Our research sets the baseline for continued investigations and monitoring of these important habitats and their supported fisheries.
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Gabyshev, Viktor A., and Eduard M. Gabyshev. "Current state of knowledge of the algal fl ora of the Olyokma Nature Reserve and adjacent areas (Eastern Siberia, Republic of Sakha)." Biota and Environment of Natural Areas 13, no. 2 (2025): 5–22. https://doi.org/10.25221/2782-1978_2025_2_1.
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New data have been obtained on the taxonomic composition of algae and cyanobacteria in the water bodies of the Olyokma Nature Reserve. In two surveyed oxbow lakes, 119 species and varieties of algae were identifi ed. Previously published data on the algal fl ora of the reserve were analyzed. Based on this, a consolidated taxonomic list of algae and cyanobacteria was compiled, comprising 418 taxa, 89 of which are new records for the reserve. In terms of species richness, representatives of the phylum Heterokontophyta predominate. They are followed, respectively, by the phyla Charophyta and Chlorophyta in terms of species diversity. Desmid algae are the most diverse at the levels of orders, families, and genera. Overall, the algal fl ora of the reserve is signifi cantly richer compared to the surrounding areas. The most promising directions for continuing algological research in the reserve have been identifi ed.
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Briggs, Amy A., Anya L. Brown, and Craig W. Osenberg. "Local versus site-level effects of algae on coral microbial communities." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 9 (2021): 210035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210035.
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Microbes influence ecological processes, including the dynamics and health of macro-organisms and their interactions with other species. In coral reefs, microbes mediate negative effects of algae on corals when corals are in contact with algae. However, it is unknown whether these effects extend to larger spatial scales, such as at sites with high algal densities. We investigated how local algal contact and site-level macroalgal cover influenced coral microbial communities in a field study at two islands in French Polynesia, Mo'orea and Mangareva. At 5 sites at each island, we sampled prokaryotic microbial communities (microbiomes) associated with corals, macroalgae, turf algae and water, with coral samples taken from individuals that were isolated from or in contact with turf or macroalgae. Algal contact and macroalgal cover had antagonistic effects on coral microbiome alpha and beta diversity. Additionally, coral microbiomes shifted and became more similar to macroalgal microbiomes at sites with high macroalgal cover and with algal contact, although the microbial taxa that changed varied by island. Our results indicate that coral microbiomes can be affected by algae outside of the coral's immediate vicinity, and local- and site-level effects of algae can obscure each other's effects when both scales are not considered.
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Ulagalanthaperumal, Elaya Perumal, and Palanisamy Mookkan. "Generic Addition to the Freshwater Red Algal Flora of India from Arunachal Pradesh." Asian Journal of Biology 21, no. 6 (2025): 92–107. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2025/v21i6516.
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This study was conducted to investigate the diversity and distribution of freshwater red algae (FWRA) in Arunachal Pradesh, contributing to a broader understanding of Indian algal flora. A review of available literature revealed no existing records of FWRA from this region, prompting an extensive survey in April 2024. Algal samples were collected from various habitats, and microscopic and morphological characteristics were examined using standard monographs and research articles. The survey identified three genera belonging to three families such as Audouinellaceae, Thoreaceae, and Compsopogonaceae. While Audouinellaceae and Compsopogonaceae have been recorded from multiple locations across India, Thoreaceae has comparatively fewer reports. Significantly, Nemalionopsis Skuja from the family Thoreaceae is reported for the first time in the algal flora of India from Arunachal Pradesh. Additionally, the genera Audouinella Bory and Compsopogon Montagne are newly recorded to algal flora of Arunachal Pradesh. These findings highlight the rich yet previously undocumented diversity of red algae in Arunachal Pradesh, contributing valuable data to the broader understanding of algal distribution across India. This study provides detailed descriptions of all identified species, supplemented with photomicrographs and a distribution map.
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Gran-Stadniczeñko, Sandra, Anders K. Krabberød, Ruth-Anne Sandaa, Sheree Yau, Elianne Egge, and Bente Edvardsen. "Seasonal Dynamics of Algae-Infecting Viruses and Their Inferred Interactions with Protists." Viruses 11, no. 11 (2019): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11111043.
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Viruses are a highly abundant, dynamic, and diverse component of planktonic communities that have key roles in marine ecosystems. We aimed to reveal the diversity and dynamics of marine large dsDNA viruses infecting algae in the Northern Skagerrak, South Norway through the year by metabarcoding, targeting the major capsid protein (MCP) and its correlation to protist diversity and dynamics. Metabarcoding results demonstrated a high diversity of algal viruses compared to previous metabarcoding surveys in Norwegian coastal waters. We obtained 313 putative algal virus operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), all classified by phylogenetic analyses to either the Phycodnaviridae or Mimiviridae families, most of them in clades without any cultured or environmental reference sequences. The viral community showed a clear temporal variation, with some vOTUs persisting for several months. The results indicate co-occurrences between abundant viruses and potential hosts during long periods. This study gives new insights into the virus-algal host dynamics and provides a baseline for future studies of algal virus diversity and temporal dynamics.
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Faluaburu, Merry Sailonga, Ryosuke Nakai, Satoshi Imura, and Takeshi Naganuma. "Phylotypic Characterization of Mycobionts and Photobionts of Rock Tripe Lichen in East Antarctica." Microorganisms 7, no. 7 (2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7070203.
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Saxicolous rock ripe lichens that grow on rocks in the East Antarctic fellfields were sampled for phylotypic characterization of its constituent mycobionts (fungi) and photobionts (algae and cyanobacteria). The rock tripe lichen-forming fungal and algal phylotypes were classified under the common lichen-forming genera of ascomycetes, namely, Umbilicaria, and green algae, namely, Trebouxia and Coccomyxa. However, phylotypes of the green algal chloroplasts and the lichen-associated cyanobacteria showed unexpectedly high diversity. The detected chloroplast phylotypes were not fully affiliated with the green algal genera Trebouxia or Coccomyxa. The predominant chloroplast phylotype demonstrated maximum resemblance to Neglectella solitaria, which is neither a known Antarctic species nor a typical lichen photobiont. Another dominant chloroplast phylotype belonged to the atypical Antarctic green algae family. Cyanobacterial phylotypes were dominated by those affiliated with the Microcoleus species rather than the well-known lichen-associates, Nostoc species. The occurrences of these Microcoleus-affiliated cyanobacterial phylotypes were specifically abundant within the Yukidori Valley site, one of the Antarctic Specially Protected Areas (ASPA). The ASPA site, along with another 50 km-distant site, yielded most of the cryptic diversity in the phylotypes of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, which may contribute to the phenotypic variability within the rock tripe lichen photobionts.
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Digvijay Verma, Vinay Kumar Singh, Rinku Bharati, Shyam Kishore, and Seshu Lavania. "Cyanophycean (Cyanobacterial) diversity from the Lakhimpur-Khiri District of Northern Uttar Pradesh, India." International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive 1, no. 2 (2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.53771/ijstra.2021.1.2.0040.
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In the present study, the cyanophycean diversity of the Lakhimpur-Khiri district, northern Uttar Pradesh, India, has been investigated for the first time. Algae samples were collected in plastic bottles and preserved in 3-4% formalin from Lakhimpur-Khiri district of northern Uttar Pradesh in different seasons from 2015 to 2016. The field photographs of the selected localities were also taken and the location of each site noted down. For the Microscopic study of Cyanophycean algae, the samples were stained with 1 % aqueous methylene blue solution according to the standard method. The observations and photomicrography were done with help of Nikon Labophot-11 microscope. A total of 31 cyanophycean algal taxa have been recorded from different water bodies of Lakhimpur-Khiri. These algal taxa belong to 14 genera and 9 families of the division Cyanophyata. Of these, Oscillatoria (7), Phormidium (4) and Lyngbya (3) are abundant.
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S, Swetha and M. Aruna. "Studies on Mat forming algae in Nyalkal fresh water lake, Nizamabad, Telangana State." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 16, no. 1 (2023): 016–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10780573.
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Cyanobacteria especially termed blue-green algae typically inhabit damp soils and water. These species represent a large component of the phytoplanktonic biomass in freshwater ponds. In many fields, including medicine, feed, fuel, and pollution combating, cyanobacteria are a crucial resource. An essential ecological factor in freshwater aquaculture, cyanobacterial diversity yields several relevant insights. Blue-green cyanobacteria and sediments make up the majority of Mat forming. Algal mats may be seen in abundance in stromolites. The current research endeavor intends to explore the biodiversity of cyanobacteria. Blue-green algae were examined using a binocular microscope in order to determine their species by their size, shape, and color.
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Unkovic, Nikola, Sladjana Popovic, Milos Stupar, et al. "Biofilm forming microorganisms on various substrata from greenhouse of Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 132 (2017): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1732057u.
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Diversity of subaerial biofilm forming cyanobacteria, algae and fungi was investigated on 10 different substrata from greenhouse of Botanical Garden ?Jevremovac?. Out of 37 documented taxa, 16 cyanobacterial and 10 algal taxa were identified. Remaining 11 taxa belong to the Kingdom of Fungi. The highest diversity of biofilm forming microorganisms, a total of 24 taxa, was detected on the corroded metal surface, while significantly lower number of taxa was recorded on other examined substrata. Cyanobacterium Porphyrosiphon sp., diatom Achnanthes sp. and green algae Chlorella sp. and Chlorococcum minutum were the most frequently encountered photosynthetic components of biofilms. In all analyzed samples, Trichoderma sp., followed by Cladosporium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer, were the most frequently identified fungi.